Innovate Issue 1 Coventry University Applied Research

ISSUE 1 Summer 2007

Blue sky thinking Looking at visions for the interior of tomorrow’s private jet Stratford unplugged A new Wi-Fi experience for tourists in Shakespeare's country Tailored spaces How autistic children can benefit from improved classroom design

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Applied Research at Coventry University

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Applied Research at Coventry University : Issue 1

A warm welcome to the first issue of Innovate, the new applied research magazine from Coventry University. Innovation lies at the heart of the University and our new publication showcases the wide range of areas in which our researchers are involved across the public, private and voluntary sectors. With the Research and Assessment Exercise 2008 looming large on the horizon, our research teams are developing a distinctive strategy, championing the cause of applied research. The University has a long tradition in this field – using external sources of funding to conduct real-world research – research which makes an immediate difference to end users. Providing user-led R&D, our teams work closely with partner organisations seeking to innovate, solve problems or improve their productivity, on a local, national and international scale. Our aim is for teaching and practical research to go hand-in-hand, assuming equal prominence in the University’s culture, and this new magazine represents just one more step towards achieving this. Throughout the following pages are just a few examples of our work, showing the breadth and diversity of projects in which our research teams are engaged. Our Applied Research Centres and Groups span a wide range of disciplines and, amongst others, are involved in consultancy and collaborative developments with such big names as BT, Jaguar, Orange, Aston Martin, Alcan and Advantage West Midlands. From the zero-emission Microcab™ to childhood obesity programmes, from helicopter safety to a new Wi-Fi experience in Shakespeare’s Stratford, our research teams are bringing about important and lasting benefits. If you have any comments about the content or format of the new magazine, please don’t hesitate to get in touch – I look forward to hearing from you. Wendy Thomas Editor [email protected]

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Contents

4

What is applied research?

5 Dancing into digital posterity

A unique collaboration with a leading dance company

6 Tailored spaces

How autistic children can benefit from improved classroom design

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Safety in the sky



Life saving work to reduce helicopter accident fatalities

10 Stratford Unplugged

A new Wi-Fi experience for tourists in Shakespeare's country

12 Vibrant communities The importance of the church's role in the rural community 6

14 Life without oil A futuristic car – thats only emission is water vapour 16 One size does not fit all Why schools need to adopt a variety of approaches to sex education 18 A sense of belonging An online toolkit designed to foster community cohesion

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22 The measure of success A state-of-the-art laboratory for precision engineering 24 COVER STORY: Blue sky thinking Looking at visions for the interior of tomorrow's private jet 27 Small miracles Micro/nanotechnology enhancing everyday products for us all 28 The weighting game Pioneering new work to fight the flab

10 Credits Design by Kraken Creative Printed by Emmersons This publication is available in other formats on request. Please contact Marketing and Communications on 024 7688 8352.

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What is applied research? Coventry University’s definition of applied research encompasses traditional research through to knowledge transfer partnerships, consultancy and continuing professional development. Founded as an industrial university, research was originally focused on the needs of major multinational automotive companies such as Jaguar, Rolls Royce, Land Rover, Ferrari and Ford. Since then our capacity has grown, and today we undertake applied research activity in practically every subject area. From art to design, health to sports, regeneration to human security, mathematics to engineering, and computing to communications, staff are encouraged to apply their knowledge and skills in the external world. Rather than undertaking ‘research for research sake’ (although we do this as well), we look to staff to apply their expertise to solve problems for the wider community. This activity is disseminated through publications for national and international conferences, journals, reports, designs, works of art, patents and products. This year our external funding should reach £11 million, rising from around £7 million last year. This funding comes from a variety of sources including industry, government agencies and departments, the European Union, charities and research councils. Applied research often draws on expertise from across more than one academic area, enabling us to tackle complex problems outside the scope of any one individual consultant or researcher. Over the last 18 months we have established 24 Applied Research Centres (ARCs) and 12 Applied Research Groups (ARGs) to undertake specialist or interdisciplinary research and consultancy. In addition, we are developing a number of research institutes based at the University’s Technology Park: the Futures Institute (already open), the Serious Games Institute and the Health Design & Technology Institute. The University has successfully raised in excess of £6 million of external funding to establish these institutes, and more are planned. This magazine highlights a few examples of the range of projects we are involved in. Throughout the University’s history a common thread can be traced – working closely with partner organisations to deliver economic, commercial, environmental, cultural or social benefits. And we are always interested in setting up new, innovative partnerships with commercial, academic or governmental organisations, applying our expertise to find solutions to interesting problems. If you feel we can help you or you would like to find out more, visit us at www.coventry.ac.uk/researchnet.

Mr John Latham

Prof Madeleine Atkins

Prof Ian M Marshall

Pro-Vice-Chancellor

Vice-Chancellor

Pro-Vice-Chancellor

(Business Development)

(Research)

digital posterity

In a unique collaboration, researchers at Coventry University are working together with Siobhan Davies Dance, one of Britain’s leading independent dance companies, to create an online archive for the company’s extensive body of work. Including material in a wide variety of formats, this unique resource will be fully accessible to dance researchers, students and art enthusiasts of all ages. The archive will comprise an assortment of filmed and recorded performances, photographs, posters, memorabilia, scholarly accounts, and new, original, analytic commentaries. Siobhan Davies Dance currently holds a collection of more than 2,500 resources, but lack of access has been a serious limitation in the development of academic and artistic discourse around contemporary dance. The process of collation and digitisation represents an opportunity not only to open up access in a way not possible before, but will also preserve valuable, and sometimes vulnerable, materials. Professor Sarah Whatley, Head of Performing Arts at Coventry University, first came up with the idea whilst searching for material documenting Siobhan Davies’ work for her own research. “This really is a first for contemporary dance,” she said, “by digitising this amazing collection of work, not only are we saving it for future researchers, but also raising the profile of contemporary dance”. The work is being supported by an award from the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) of over £400,000 – the largest amount ever awarded by the AHRC for contemporary dance. The archive will become ‘live’ during 2008, with the project completing in June 2009.

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Dancing into

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Tailoredspaces

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For children with autistic spectrum disorders, education can be improved through better classroom design, but insufficient attention is often paid to their needs. As Dr Andree Woodcock explains, Project Spectrum is a new type of environment that is engaging autistic children through digital technology. Children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) suffer from varying degrees of impairment in social interaction, communication and imagination. Until now, many spaces for children with ASD have been developed without evaluation, and contain a confusing array of sensory experiences. As no two children on the autistic spectrum react in the same way, it is often difficult to predict how any child will react to a jumble of experiences. Through the research we hoped to be able to develop an environment using interactive media that could be tailored to meet the needs of individual children, facilitating their engagement with their surroundings and other people. Central to achieving this was to ensure that the needs of the end users – the children, their parents and carers – were put at the heart of the design process, rather than allowing the technology to lead the way. ASDs touch the lives of over 500,000 UK families, and around 75 per cent of people with autism also have learning disabilities. In turn, sufferers need specialist education to maximise their potential. The best time to break through the impairments and help them connect with the world is when children are young, meaning that novel ways to use technology and space to improve their engagement need to be found. Reality to an autistic person is a confusing, interacting mass of events, people, places, sounds and sights. Through interviewing parents and children, using ‘a day in the life of’ diaries and watching children in current polysensory rooms, we began to understand

the range of ‘tailorability’ we needed to accommodate. Most importantly, we wanted as many children and their families as possible to benefit from our work. For this to be achieved, we had to place our design where it was needed most, and where it could be accessed by most of the children. We therefore developed a low cost education and activity room that can be used in mainstream schools, enabling teachers to educate and integrate children with autism within the conventional school system. This has been successfully tested in a mainstream primary school in Birmingham and a portable version of it has also been tested in Coventry.

'Reality to an autistic person is a confusing, interacting mass of events, people, places, sounds and sights' The three-year £110k project was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC). A survey of 500 children with ASD revealed that they have a wider variety of sensory triggers than originally thought. In response to this, the system developed can be tailored for individual needs. Based around the senses, the setting engages children through vision, sound, movement and touch. The multi-sensory environments use the latest multimedia computer technology and connect with children in new ways. The software that controls the system is simple and intuitive, so that teachers can use it without technical support.

Above The multi-sensory environments use

the latest computer technology to connect with children in new ways.

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Right The activity room engages children

through vision, sound, movement and touch.

The system is comprised of a computer, tailor-made software, a projector, video camera and sound speakers. To provide a safe, neutral environment, traditional classroom strip lighting is swapped for daylight bulbs and an LED lighting system, and hypo-allergenic marmoleum flooring and a padded projection screen are installed. The rooms are painted white and black out blinds block out light and noise from outside. We were careful not to overload children with bright colours or noise, while providing a space where they can develop their skills. Children with ASD who use the room as part of their daily curriculum have shown improvements in engagement with others. Feedback on Project Spectrum from parents, teachers – and the children themselves – has been incredibly positive. Parents and teachers have also noted that the children develop a better relationship with their school routine, and improve their performance in mixed ability classes, saying what they have done in the room – a real improvement from the situation when a child cannot or will not say what they have been doing. Children with autism are often the ‘invisible pupils’, placed in inappropriate school settings which don’t meet their needs. Project Spectrum provides an affordable space, providing all children with a safe environment that can become part of

everyday life. Some teachers are also using the room with other children who they feel might benefit from a low sensory space. The secure environment has also led to some groundbreaking steps in developing the ability of autistic children to communicate. The tailor-made software helps children relax, become more focused, feel in control of their environment and to have fun. Given the current levels of investment

in the Government’s Building Schools for the Future programme, we would hope that this, and similar work, will encourage new school designs to include more childsensitive, tailorable spaces, and maybe even ‘chill out’ rooms. www.projectspectrum.co.uk

Dr Andree Woodcock Dr Andree Woodcock is a Senior Research Fellow and Leader of the Design Ergonomics Applied Research Group. An ergonomist with a strong portfolio in applied research, she is pioneering research in the field of educational ergonomics in the UK. Design Ergonomics Applied Research Group The aims of the Group are to further the understanding, teaching and relevance of design and design-related ergonomics in the 21st century, through bringing together staff and postgraduate students from across the School of Art and Design and other University faculties. Its key foci are in the areas of transport; design for health and wellbeing; design pedagogy and educational ergonomics; and the integration of ergonomics and design.

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Safety in the sky The crash protection team at Coventry University is flying the British flag in a European Union-funded initiative which could cut the number of helicopter accident fatalities. The team is managed by Dr Mike Blundell, a computer simulation specialist in the Faculty of Engineering and Computing. Flying fatalities are ten times more likely in civil helicopters than in aeroplanes, statistically speaking. Many accidents are survivable however, due to the fact that helicopters often fly at lower altitudes; the impact with which they hit the ground is usually less than that involved in a motorway car collision. Coventry University is the sole UK representative on a €4.8 million project ‘HeliSafe TA’ (Helicopter Safety Technology Application), designed to boost the survival chances of pilots and passengers involved in crashes. Working with 11 partners across Europe, HeliSafe TA will identify and evaluate a range of advanced crash protection systems based on interacting safety features such as seats, harness restraints and air bags. Many helicopter crashes occur largely in inaccessible areas where occupants are often isolated from outside help, and the need to mitigate injuries is critical. The additional risks of post-crash events such as fire or ditching in open water mean that helicopters require even better safety equipment than that in a car. The primary goal has to be to avoid totally disabling head and spinal injuries, although it is also essential to try and protect occupants from other injuries such as broken ankles and wrists, which can otherwise prevent escape. Funded as a Specific Targeted Research Project under the European 6th Framework, the project follows on from previous research which demonstrated a 33 per cent decreased probability

of injury through the provision of improved occupant protection systems. The latest work continues this theme by considering novel harness restraint systems and the implementation of airbags to provide further levels of improvement. Facilities at the Italian Aerospace Research Center in Capua have been used to carry out a full-scale crash test with a civil helicopter, to assess the efficiency of existing safety features using crash test dummies. Taking these results as a benchmark for future protection systems, computer-aided engineering models are now being built to simulate the effectiveness of new features. Using a variety of data, models are constructed which show how well particular safety devices will work. In this way, computer simulation can be used for much of the groundwork, avoiding the high costs associated with physical prototypes. Work will be continuing throughout 2007 and will include further laboratory sled tests and a full-scale crash test to evaluate the final safety concepts identified and developed through computer simulation. Helisafe TA is being co-ordinated by Autoflug in Germany, experienced aeronautic safety equipment manufacturers. Other partners include DLR, Eurocopter Deutschland and Siemens Restraint Systems (Germany); TNO Automotive and University of Delft (Holland); CIRA and Politecnico Milano (Italy); CIDAUT (Spain); Eurocopter-SAS (France); and PZL Swidnik S.A. (Poland).

Dr Mike Blundell Dr Mike Blundell is Head of Department, Mechanical Engineering and Design. He has worked at Coventry University since 1991 where he has undertaken industrial and academic research including computer simulation, vehicle dynamics, and crash, safety and impact modelling. Previously he worked for the ship and submarine design department of the Ministry of Defence and Boeing (Europe).

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Stratford Unplugged Tourists to Stratfordupon-Avon can now enjoy the benefits of a ‘virtual tour guide’ to show them around. Providing tailored information and suggestions, Stratford Unplugged is transforming the visitor experience.

Above Personalised tourist information

is displayed via handheld PDAs.

The historic birthplace of Shakespeare is embracing the latest Wi-Fi technology to help tourists find their way around the famous landmarks. Conventional guidebooks, by their nature, have often been superseded the minute they come off the press, but obsolete recommendations and out-of-date opening hours will now be a thing of the past. For £8 a day, visitors can hire a handheld electronic organiser, providing an interactive map which automatically points out the nearest literary must-sees as they wander round the town. The online virtual tour guide provides tourist information and special offers from local businesses through a personal digital assistant (PDA). Through the implementation of the UK’s first wireless broadband project for tourists, visitors will have the chance to enjoy a new 21st century experience of the 16th century genius. The Stratford Unplugged initiative is the result of a collaboration between Coventry

University, Staffordshire University, BT, Hewlett Packard and the Stratford Town Management Partnership. To enable the scheme, BT has installed a selection of WiFi hotspots in businesses across the town (e.g. hotels, shops and tourist attractions), providing coverage through its BT Openzone service. PDAs are then hired from the tourist information office, giving internet access throughout the day. Tim Luft, Director of Stratford Unplugged and ICT Programmes Manager for Coventry University Enterprises Ltd (the University’s commercial arm) said: “Stratford Unplugged clearly demonstrates how a highly innovative project led by a university can work in partnership with the private sector, to both trial new technology and also to create longer-term commercial sustainability. The lessons learned during the Stratford pilot have indeed shaped the future of digital tourism across the UK and all the partners

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“The lessons learned during the Stratford pilot have indeed shaped the future of digital tourism across the UK” involved have continued to work together to replicate such services in new locations.” Frank Mills, BT’s Regional Director - West Midlands added: “The Stratford Unplugged pilot allowed BT Openzone to trial the rollout of location-based services on the current Openzone Wi-Fi network, with a focus on tourism applications. Following this, BT has been able to enhance its portfolio of services with added value offerings to key city centres and tourism locations.” The scheme not only enhances the experience for the visitor, but also provides targeted marketing opportunities for local businesses. As the content can be personalised by location, language and visitors’ tastes, a family with young children, for example, could be supplied details on that day’s top deals in child-friendly restaurants, combined with a light-hearted guide to the Bard. Visitors with a deeper interest in history or literature and a preference for fine food and wine, could be shown an entirely different set of information and suggestions. Tourists will not be the only ones to benefit from wireless broadband developments in the town centre however. Any resident or business person with a wireless-enabled laptop or PDA will also be able to log on using the BT Openzone service to surf the web, check emails or log on to their corporate network (whilst within the Wi-Fi enabled areas). The Stratford Unplugged project is set to run initially for a year and the team behind it is now looking for new UK destinations interested in building on the success enjoyed by Stratford. A new business led by Coventry University Enterprises has now been set up – UK Unplugged Ltd – which is offering demonstrations and open days for local authorities to try out the service.

Tim Luft Tim Luft is an ICT Programmes Manager for Coventry University Enterprises Ltd and an honorary research fellow at Coventry University. He has an industrial background incorporating the establishment of large-scale public private partnerships, focusing upon technology transfer. He has been involved in developing the ICT/Innovation department within the regional development agency of the West Midlands and has since been the lead on the roll-out of large scale e-business and broadband programmes.

eWorking Applied Research Centre The Centre helps public and private sector organisations develop and implement new ICT-enabled working practices aimed at improving overall performance, whilst also creating more flexible working environments for employees. Key areas of activity include: assisting organisations in developing high performing teams in a flexible, secure and reliable, locationindependent working environment; and developing and delivering training and support for, and measuring the impact of, new ICT-enabled working practices.

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Vibrant communities

According to the Countryside Agency (now Commission for Rural Communities), the church is one of five local facilities of particular importance to rural people (along with the pub, village hall, shop and primary school). Research carried out by Coventry University’s Applied Research Centre in Sustainable Regeneration (SURGE) shows that both church ministers and church buildings help people bond, building bridges between diverse groups within communities. They are a vital resource in villages and add to the community by providing links with business and voluntary activity that influence village life. To date however, the activities of faith communities in rural areas – usually, although not exclusively, the various denominations of the Christian Church – have been neglected both in the development of policy and also in related research activity. In order to address this, factors that encourage and those which discourage the involvement of faith groups in community life need to be understood. This is especially important in the context of rural communities experiencing social and economic changes which, for some, can result in disadvantage and exclusion. In light of this gap in understanding, research supported by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) was conducted in partnership with the Arthur Rank Centre and the Church of England

Prof Richard Farnell Richard Farnell is a Professor of Neighbourhood Regeneration at SURGE. He has undertaken research into the contribution of faith communities to urban regeneration and community cohesion, and is an advisor to the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. He is Canon Theologian of Coventry Cathedral and chairs Midland Heart Ltd.

in five contrasting rural locations across England. Each focused upon a particular village or villages: Acle in Norfolk, Austwick and Clapham in Yorkshire, Bridge Sollars in Herefordshire, Fence in Lancashire and Iddesleigh in Devon. Investigations explored faith groups’ experiences and motivations through interviews and focus groups; a wider perspective was also sought among stakeholders and community members outside the faith groups concerned.

'Rural Christian communities make a substantial contribution to the vibrancy of their villages and there needs to be a wider recognition of this amongst all stakeholders' The findings suggest that many people who attend church regularly are also involved in numerous other aspects of village life. Moreover, the boundaries between church and community life are frequently blurred, and in addition to their engagement in specific church-based activities, many people of faith also play a wider role as volunteers – leading or helping to organise a variety of other local activities. However, there needs to be a wider recognition of this amongst all stakeholders, including government policymakers, regional agencies, local authorities, community organisations and the

Dr David Jarvis Dr David Jarvis is a Senior Research Fellow at Coventry University and a member of SURGE. His career experience spans both the commercial consultancy and higher education sectors and he has carried out research work for a variety of local and national government departments and agencies.

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How do rural communities maintain and develop their vibrancy? What role do people of faith and the church have in this? Richard Farnell and David Jarvis from Coventry University’s Applied Research Centre in Sustainable Regeneration investigate. faith communities themselves. In particular, there is scope for greater co-operation between policy makers and people of faith, and for wider appreciation of the resources that are available. Responses to rural issues concerning quality of life, care in the community, affordable housing, schools, community meeting spaces and community empowerment, must not ignore the contribution of such people. The challenge is to learn more about faith and to work more co-operatively, developing initiatives to prevent exclusion. There also needs to be more dialogue across different faith communities and support boosted for faith representatives across the board. The findings were launched late last year at a consultative workshop designed to engage stakeholders in active discussions around the key implications of the research for their own organisations, their communities and for government. It is intended that the research will also play a part in helping to support the future development of sustainable communities in rural areas. Further dissemination of the results will take place throughout the coming twelve months. The report, Faith in Rural Communities: Contributions of Social Capital to Community Vibrancy, is available on the Defra website at www.defra.gov.uk/rural/research/default.htm.

The Applied Research Centre in Sustainable Regeneration (SURGE) SURGE provides high quality evidence-based applied research, consultancy, education and training services to the public, private and voluntary sectors. In so doing, it supports business and society to achieve sustainable regeneration through economic and social development. SURGE is active in the fields of economic development, modernisation, diversification, neighbourhood renewal, social justice, social inclusion and rural restructuring.

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Life without oil

A revolutionary new car of the future – thats only emission is water vapour – has been designed by students and lecturers at Coventry University. The Microcab™ is the product of innovative thinking by School of Art and Design entrepreneur John Jostins, who talks here about his vision.

'Aimed at reducing both noise pollution and improving air quality in cities, the Microcab™ could be the answer to the environmental and cost problems associated with oil' By March of 1999, with support from Honda, Shimano and Potential Development, the first full-size working prototype was underway. The vehicle was a combination of pedal and electric-power, backed up by twin Honda motors to ‘assist’ the occupants in reaching speeds of around 20mph. The wholly human-powered prototype was developed the following year – designed for use by one of the many pedicab companies now plying for trade in the West End of London. The overall styling was worked upon shortly afterwards by students on the Transport Design course at the University. The Microcab™ project has been developed with support from Coventry University Enterprises (CUE) – the University’s commercial arm – and as such, has been able to benefit from the University’s state-of-the-art Design Institute facilities. Producing three different quarter-scale models showing possible new variants, the new designs included four-wheeled possibilities and a freight version. The project has been made possible with the help of funding from the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), as well as fundraising from the University and matched funding from local companies. In 2002 it won the DTI Smart Award for Innovation (worth £45,000), subsequently embarking on the hydrogen fuel cell version. By far the most sophisticated to date, it has all new suspension and drive, heavily modified chassis and finally achieves what the whole concept has been working towards since inception – an urban speed of 40mph, zero emissions, taxi system, which can run for a whole working day on a combination of hydrogen and solar power. A further boost came in 2004, when the project won a DTI Research and Development Grant worth £145,000. An order has been placed by the DTI for a fleet of five microcabs for use in Birmingham. Separate discussions with another transport provider in London are also underway. In terms of wider plans for the UK, this will largely depend on whether petrol stations begin to offer hydrogen on their forecourts. However, with the scare over oil shortages and rising petrol costs, it’s definitely a question of when, not if, we need to find cars that run on alternative fuels.

John Jostins John Jostins is a Senior Lecturer and Designer in the School of Art and Design. After graduating with a degree in Fine Art, he went on to design one of the most famous robots to hit the big screen – Star Wars’ R2-D2. After a move into television, he later worked for some of the biggest names in motor racing – Williams and Benetton – before joining Coventry University. Coventry University Enterprises Ltd Coventry University Enterprises (CUE) is a wholly owned-subsidiary of Coventry University and the vehicle through which all commercial, income-generating work is produced. CUE supports the 2010 Agenda and seeks to maximise the commercial potential of the University’s skills, expertise and resources. To this end, it provides a gateway to these capabilities for a range of external bodies and assists other parts of the University to access and exploit commercial opportunities. CUE focuses on innovation, design, high performance automotive engineering, health, environment and ICT at a regional, national, European and international level. It has supported thousands of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through their initial establishment and with specific projects, as well as having a solid history with larger companies such as BT, Jaguar and Hewlett Packard. In addition, CUE has considerable experience of working closely with public organisations and government bodies. It has formed solid working relationships with the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and the European Commission. Many years of direct contractual arrangements have given it a leading position in relation to both policy development and direct delivery of innovation and business support-related activity.

www.microcab.co.uk

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The aim was to design a small, urban vehicle with zero emissions. The result is an eco-friendly, ultra-light car, suitable for use as a taxi or light freight carrier, especially in cities in developing countries such as those in the Far East. Powered by hydrogen fuel cells, the electric-driven car is pollution-free and virtually silent in operation. Its only emission is water vapour. With interest in ways to slow down global warming and reduce our environmental impact having never been so high, efforts to develop zero-emission vehicles are inevitable. However another, though less widely reported hazard of traditional inner city vehicles, is the impact on health caused from air pollution. Breathing contaminated air – much of which comes from cars – causes more deaths each year than road accidents. Aimed at reducing both noise pollution and improving air quality, the Microcab™ could also be the answer to the environmental and cost problems associated with oil. Large enough to hold a driver and three passengers, it gets around 150 miles to the gallon – making it three times more efficient than an average petrol car. Initial thoughts to develop a superlight, zero emissions urban taxi began in 1996, partly triggered by living, driving and cycling in London. Early musings were generally hybrid pedal/ electric combinations. Research into possible vehicle structures and alternative power sources led to the design and production of three prototypes – the early Microcab – and a year after work began, the first quarter-scale model was made and exhibited at London’s Oxo Tower.

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Onesize does

all fit

The UK has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy in Europe, and instances of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are also rising alarmingly quickly. In recognition of the growing problem of teenage pregnancy, the Social Exclusion Unit, a government department, has produced a ten-year national teenage pregnancy strategy with specific targets to halve conceptions by 2010. Results to date look like these will not be achieved unless new approaches are taken. A new paper published by Coventry University’s Applied Research Centre in Health and Lifestyle Interventions, Informing School Sex Education Using the Stages of Change Construct, examines the sexual activity of over 3,800 school pupils in England aged 13-16 years. The findings reveal that a quarter of teens of both genders were sexually experienced and of these, over 44 per cent did not use contraception every time. Yet attitudes towards condom use are high in those who have not yet had sex, with the vast majority saying they would use them. Only 5.6 per cent said they would wait until they were married before losing their virginity. These results suggest that in order to be effective, sex education needs to be tailored to these very varied levels of experience, and that a more personalised approach would improve engagement due to timeliness and relevance. Whilst there is scope for whole class sex and relationships teaching, this is

more effective for conveying practical advice, such as how to avoid circumstances where high-risk sex may take place. Partner willingness to use condoms is an important predictor for their use, and the research recommends that there is scope for school-based teaching of negotiation skills to encourage this. In turn, better interpersonal skills help teenagers to be more assertive. Condoms need to be freely available in both schools and local clinics, and classroom teaching should continue to emphasise the mechanics of their use.

'Whilst some boys are still playing with Lego, others are already having sex and think they know it all' However, relying solely on a whole-class approach can be ineffective in other areas. Whilst some boys are still playing with Lego, others are already having sex and think they know it all. For example, of all the young people surveyed, three-quarters were not sexually experienced. A more effective approach would be to focus on attitude formation and behaviour change, tailored to personal history and readiness to adopt safer sexual practices. While ‘streaming’ classes might not be practical – both because of ethical considerations or problems in relying on

honest appraisals – after-school groups might present an opportunity. Within-class teaching can also be supplemented by interactive media. Coventry University is planning to develop a stage-based intervention using CD-ROMs, which pupils could also use privately. To achieve all of these improvements and to stand a chance at reducing levels of teenage pregnancy and STIs, it is essential that sex and relationships education is moved up the education and political agendas. Currently it is only compulsory as part of the science curriculum, often focusing on biological aspects – making it a requirement of Personal Social and Health Education (PSHE) would widen its scope. The teen pregnancy crisis will only be resolved when pupils are given sex and relationship education that equips them with the knowledge and skills to inform their choices. Furthermore, school-based sex education alone is not considered sufficient to cut the pregnancy rate. The delivery of sex education has to be the joint responsibility of both the home and the school. There is a need for parents – who can make a vital contribution – to put aside embarrassment and start talking to their children. Parents should be open and frank about sex, and advice and training to enable them to do this must be provided. www.coventry.ac.uk/hli

Prof Louise Wallace Professor Louise Wallace is a Director in Health and Lifestyles Interventions. Previously Chief Executive for Horton General Hospital NHS Trust, she is a Fellow of the British Psychological Society and a Chartered Health Psychologist. She is a Non-Executive Director of Warwickshire Primary Care Trust and Director and Chair of Board of Health Behaviour Research Ltd. The Applied Research Centre in Health and Lifestyle Interventions The Centre provides high quality applied research, consultancy and training, underpinned by health psychology. Its key foci are in the development of interventions in: self-management of long-term health conditions and disability across the age span; health behaviour using intervention-mapping/theory-driven methods in breastfeeding and teenage sexual behaviour, childhood obesity, exercise and health; and health services management including patient safety research, wider risk management, clinical governance, and evidence-based practice and organisational culture research.

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New research suggests that far from taking a ‘one size fits all‘ approach to sex education, schools need to adopt a variety of techniques, based on teenagers’ levels of sexual experience and readiness to delay or have protected sex. By Professor Louise Wallace.

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Government and councils talk about ‘community cohesion’, but what does this really mean? Ted Cantle, Professor at the Institute of Community Cohesion (ICoCo) talks about some of the issues and the Cohesion Communications Toolkit designed to tackle them.

At its simplest, ‘community cohesion’ is about making an area a good place to live, a place in which people share a common vision and everyone feels welcome. In these areas, community tensions are reduced because different groups interact and trust each other, and any inequalities are addressed. The Cohesion Communications Toolkit developed by ICoCo provides practical advice for local authorities, supported by examples of best practice and extensive links to additional websites for further information. A ‘live’ tool encourages further discussion and feedback on new examples of good practice. Local government’s responsibility for improving community cohesion was given new impetus in the Local Government White Paper 2006, published last autumn, which sets out a range of proposals to strengthen local communities. The paper makes clear expectations on local authorities and councils to lead efforts to overcome

racial tensions and revive local economies. Specific measures include: establishing interfaith forums; strengthening the role of the private sector; establishing effective race equality councils; ensuring a cohesion focus in community policing; improving voluntary sector relationships; strengthening youth forums; maintaining healthy political parties; and providing strong leadership. Research undertaken for the Improvement and Development Agency (IDeA) however, shows that whilst 82 per cent of councils have communities of refugees and asylum seekers within their constituencies, only 18 per cent have a dedicated communications strategy, based on their vision for the area as a whole. The toolkit is based on experience of working with local authorities from within ICoCo. The primary research was funded by the Home Office and consisted of a cohesion communications workshop in March 2006, with participants from several different councils. The research enabled a number of ‘Big Issues’ to be identified around cohesion communications – such as perception and image of the area, July 7 bombings, and asylum seekers and refugees. Further investigation identified best practice case studies and from these, some ‘Top Tips’ for communication were drawn up, based on what works well (e.g. be strategic, make the media your friend and use others to spread the word). The toolkit has been published on the ICoCo website through which councils can access the resources and share their experience with others. www.coventry.ac.uk/researchnet/icoco/toolkit

Left Councils should encourage communities

to attract different races or faiths to their own festivals, to help break down barriers.

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Big Issues Many councils face similar issues – below are some of the most common: • Parallel lives People who have little or no connection with other communities have the most negative attitudes. Councils can help promote interaction, understanding and trust.

•

Communicating change People in traditionally homogenous areas are often suspicious of change – e.g. regeneration will create new housing, but out of their reach. All communities must feel that they will benefit.

• Perception and image Once perceptions are fixed, they are hard to shift. Councils can help promote a positive sense of ‘place’, showing diversity as an enrichment of the area.

•

Asylum seekers and refugees This issue is often not talked about openly for fear of drawing attention. Active communication is necessary to dispel rumours and myths.

White communities feeling marginalised Recent elections have highlighted such discontent, often fuelled by perceptions that resources are unfairly allocated in favour of migrants. Councils must be prepared to discuss.

•

Post-July 7 When terrorism dictates much of the political agenda, the potential for inter-community suspicion and hostility remains high. Good relationships with community leaders are essential.

•

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Top Tips Recommendations for dealing with issues of community cohesion: • Be strategic Policy and communication strategies should go hand-in-hand, defining cohesion in terms of race, faith, age, class and ability. Councils need to be clear about what kind of community they are trying to create, what message they are trying to promote, and to whom. • Talk about it Councils have often considered it better to say nothing than draw attention to this sensitive issue. Opportunities need to be created for people to talk frankly, without being viewed as racist. • Communicate all the time Councils should use every opportunity to promote positive messages and images. Tell people’s stories. Celebrate achievement and success. Talk about ‘community spirit’, ‘working together’, etc. • Use other people to spread the word Hearing positive messages from those whose views are respected is very powerful. Identify suitable ‘ambassadors’ (e.g. a local teacher or community leader) and encourage them to spread the word. • Bust the myths Rumours can spread quickly and cause enormous damage. This can be avoided through face-to-face briefings, using the media, publishing correct information or organising visits.

• Make the media your friend The media is a powerful influencer. Councils need to build personal relationships, organise background briefings, take journalists to visit community projects, etc. • Work in partnership Communications need to demonstrate how the council is working in partnership with a range of voluntary, community and business organisations towards the good of the community. • Mind the credibility gap Cohesive communities develop when people feel safe and consulted about their area. Promote real services and benefits, rather than just leaflets or straplines with little substance behind them. • Involve young people Community cohesion often begins in schools. Children often have much more positive views than their parents, so involving the media – the biggest influencers – in school activity, is crucial. • Celebrate differences but also similarities Ensure all council-run events are inclusive, and encourage communities to attract people of different races or faiths to their own festivals to help break down barriers.

'Councils need to be clear about what kind of community they are trying to create, what message they are trying to promote, and to whom.'

Prof Ted Cantle Professor Ted Cantle is Executive Chair at ICoCo and an Associate Director at the IDeA. He is a member of the board of the Environment Agency for England and Wales. In over 30 years in public service, he has served on a number of national bodies focusing, in particular, on urban regeneration and key social and economic problems. He was awarded the CBE in 2004. The Institute of Community Cohesion ICoCo was established in 2005 to provide a new approach to race, diversity and multiculturalism, focusing on building positive and harmonious community relations. It represents a unique partnership of academic, statutory and non-governmental bodies, which combine the experience and expertise of four universities – Coventry, Warwick, De Montfort and Leicester, with practitioners from a range of diverse backgrounds and professions.

Healthy attitude to design A new multi-million pound Health Design & Technology Institute (HDTI) is to be built on Coventry University’s Technology Park. The Institute’s core activity will be in supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) designing products and services to improve community healthcare and to manage health at home, all aided

by the latest diagnostic tools, monitoring devices and assistive technology. The main capital cost for the building is being funded by a £4.5 million grant from the local regional development agency, Advantage West Midlands. Its operation will be supported by a £3.6 million grant from the Higher Education Funding Council for

Boost for work-based learning Coventry University’s School of Lifelong Learning has won more than £3.5 million to design a high-level Employer Engagement Project to spearhead work-based learning through higher education. The grant from the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) to design a flexible and relevant programme comes in response to the national skills deficit announced recently in the Leitch Review of Skills. Both private and public sector employers have expressed the need to develop qualifications for middle managers and senior supervisors, although for some, universitybased learning often lacks the necessary flexibility. The new approach is designed to provide customised, on-the-job learning, bespoke to companies’ needs, combining an NVQ and HE-level qualification. Seeking to engage employers in course design, work-based delivery also helps minimise time ‘off-the-job’. Dr Darryl Bibby, Dean of the School of Lifelong Learning, said: “A radical change in the way young people and adults are trained is needed to plug the skills gap. The take-up of work-based learning opportunities at the higher education level is key to Britain’s ability to help create sustainable employability.” Coventry University is working with major national and international organisations such as Parcelforce Worldwide, the AA and Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust to deliver the new programme. The team will also be undertaking applied research into areas addressed by the project – in particular, the role of the University’s teaching staff based at employer organisations; building and managing relationships with large employers; and the interface between University systems and customised on-site delivery.

England (HEFCE), to be followed by a further £10 million over the next ten years. As part of the University’s focus on healthcare education, the HDTI has also launched nine courses aimed at equipping students with the skills to design better products and services for the healthcare sector. Alongside conventional undergraduate courses, students will also be drawn from community-based health and social care professionals seeking training and qualifications relevant to their careers. In line with the Department of Health’s objective to transfer care from hospital to the home, HDTI Director Simon Fielden said: “Our focus is on developing assistive technologies for the patient, rather than medical devices for surgical intervention or use in hospital settings. Areas of activity will include building and vehicle adaptations, mobility aids and other consumer health products. This approach is very much aligned to the University’s traditional strengths in nursing, the allied health professions and product design”.

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NEWS IN BRIEF

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The m e a s u r e of success For those operating in the world of precision engineering, the ability to measure to the nearest thousandth of a millimetre can mean the difference between life and death. At the West Midlands Manufacturing Measurement Centre, it’s microns that matter.

In safety critical applications, risks of product failure arising from any measurement inaccuracies can have costly implications – in more ways than one. In the aerospace industry for example, even the most minute deviation from the exact dimensions specified can seriously impact a product’s ability to operate as designed. To avoid potential safety risks for end users, the rigorous requirements of aircraft manufacturers mean that whole production lines can come to a halt if flaws are identified – a fact equally true in many other industries. The West Midlands Manufacturing Measurement Centre (WMMMC), based at Coventry University’s Technology Park, is responsible for increasing the awareness and take-up of measurement as a key underpinning technology to boost the competitiveness of the sector. Funded by the Regional Development Agency, Advantage West Midlands (AWM), the centre evolved from research which showed a noticeable gap in the general understanding and appreciation of measurement issues in manufacturing business advisors across the region. Accurate measurement is essential in improving quality, reducing waste, boosting competitiveness and enabling innovation. The centre’s primary objective is to support industry through measurement awareness, improvement and training

– encouraging companies to embed the principles into their core processes. In partnership with the Manufacturing Advisory Service - West Midlands and AWM, the WMMMC is delivering the nationallyaccredited NPL (National Physical Laboratory) Framework of Measurement Training courses, (for which Coventry is currently the only UK university provider). Measurement audits, problem solving, measurement services, equipment demonstrations and vendor independent advice are also offered, and the centre’s team of specialists has so far worked alongside numerous companies across the region, from motor sport and high precision engineering to aerospace and medical technologies. Dunlop Aircraft Tyres Ltd DATL needs to be able to respond quickly and provide the flexibly that its customers need, delivering a compelling combination of short development cycle, technicallyadvanced products and world-class customer service. Producing over 100,000 tyres each year, the company is justifiably proud of its safety record, which is a key component to its continued success. Behind the scenes, it continues to work on enhancing its global reputation further through continued product development and investment in new technologies.

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DATL first approached Trevor Toman, Specialist Business Development Manager - Metrology at WMMMC, in connection with an investigation into the dimensions of one of the company’s test wheels. It was thought that a potential interface problem may have existed with a tyre under development. There were some concerns that there may have been a manufacturing error either in the mould which forms the bead profile of the aircraft tyre, or else in the test wheel used in simulating the tyre’s service conditions (in order to gain approval from the airworthiness regulatory body).

'Even the most minute deviation from the exact dimensions specified can seriously impact a product’s ability to operate as designed' In order to identify and eliminate any error as a potential variable, the two test wheel halves and the two mould rings were independently measured to validate the company’s supplier’s certificate of conformity. Although one half of the test wheel was found to be very slightly under size, it was felt that the minute degree of error was too insignificant to have been the cause of the problem the company was working

to address. A detailed explanation of the findings by Trevor and his team meant that DATL was able to eliminate this as a possible cause for concern. e-Medix Over a period of more than ten years, e-Medix has accrued a wealth of knowledge in the manufacture of ophthalmic blades. By employing the latest computerised technology from design, through manufacture and into inspection, the company’s processes have inherent flexibility. Its first-hand knowledge of surgical procedures, coupled with its flexible design and manufacturing systems allows it to be highly responsive to the need for new or alternative product designs and specifications. However, when e-Medix first approached Trevor and the team at WMMMC, it had identified a potential issue with its inspection procedures. The 100 per cent sampling rate was proving very expensive and a solution was sought to bring these costs down, without compromising the quality for which its products were known. A method of process monitoring was calculated to allow a reduction in sampling rate. The total process was broken down into manageable and logical ‘bite size chunks’, and data then recorded and analysed,

relative to process specifics. The company has since managed to reduce costs in this area and bespoke, computer-driven performance tests now enable absolute control of both quality and consistency. Other project partners working with the WMMMC include Coventry University’s Future Manufacturing Applied Research Centre, the Department of Trade and Industry, National Physical Laboratory and The Precise Group. www.wmmmc.co.uk

Trevor Toman Trevor Toman has worked in the manufacturing industry since 1975. After ten years in telecommunications, he moved to Coventry in 1990 to begin a career in the motor industry. He has experience in a wide variety of measuring technologies and facilities, including large and medium-sized CMM (coordinate-measuring machine) facilities and non-touch (laser) in-line measurement projects.

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Blue

thinking

London Executive Aviation (LEA), the UK’s largest private jet charter operator, celebrated its tenth anniversary last year by challenging ten Coventry students to come up with their visions for the interior of tomorrow’s private jet. David Browne, Head of the University’s internationally-renowned Transport Design course, explains. As the company moved into its second decade, LEA was keen to tap into the thinking of the next generation of transport designers, to help it understand how the passenger experience might be improved, and also where the industry might be headed. With one of the most respected departments of transport design in the world, and given the links the University enjoys with the car industry, the Faculty is usually most closely associated with automotive design. Students have won a string of awards and many graduates have gone on to hold highly influential design posts at top manufacturers worldwide. However, the Faculty also has an excellent reputation in the broader field of industrial design. Whilst not an aircraft manufacturer itself, LEA asked students to develop ideas for the interior of a private jet of the future. The needs and comfort of passengers are of paramount importance to the company and the intention was that this project would not only be relevant to its business, but might also help stimulate discussion within the wider aviation community. Ten third year undergraduates took up the challenge as formally-assessed ‘professional practice’ coursework.

'Combining creativity and practicality within such tight space constraints has been a rewarding challenge for our students' Many of LEA’s customers use their planes as airborne offices, enabling them to work collaboratively and in privacy en route to meetings. Students were therefore encouraged to think what changes might help passengers work more effectively, such as improved eye contact and better access to information technology. At other times, passengers need to unwind – what improvements could be made to improve existing levels of comfort, perhaps to the décor or furniture, to alter the perception of being in a confined space? To promote innovation, students were encouraged to think less about what might be physically possible, and more about devising passenger-centric ideas which could inspire the practical solutions of tomorrow. This resulted in the use of what might normally be considered more unconventional sources of inspiration, and also in the proposal of often more radical materials and engineering approaches. Clearly it is one thing to begin a cabin design with a blank sheet of paper and unencumbered thinking, and quite another to implement a durable environment that complies with regulatory requirements. However, such an exercise provides valuable insights

into how passengers’ needs are evolving in response to changing work and leisure patterns. Some of these lessons can be acted on by LEA as service providers, although many will relate to the painstaking work of aircraft manufacturers as they develop future generations of business aircraft. The final design proposals were showcased at LEA’s tenth anniversary at the Design Museum in London, where awards were presented. The company was tremendously impressed by the energy and commitment shown by all the teams during the project, watching as the students approached the issues which charter operators experience daily. In every sense it proved an exercise in ‘blue sky thinking’.

David Browne David Browne, Head of Transport Design, was formerly a senior designer at Rover Styling. He is a professional training co-ordinator and has collaborated on many projects within industry, including most recently Renault Design (France), Ferrari (Italy), Reebok (USA) and Fiat/ Lancia/Alfa Romeo (Italy).

Group 2 (Amy Chubb, Chris Lamb, Emma Gallini and Tom Smith) This group came up with a sleek and futuristic cabin design based on a hexagonal theme. Visually ‘transparent’, mesh-backed seats mounted on multi-directional brackets ‘de-cluttered’ the floor. Movable computer displays were mounted in the arm rests which could be linked wirelessly to passengers’ computers.

Group 3 (Daniel Sheridan, Darren Thompson and Anthony Burgess) The final trio put forward a concept for what, at first sight, appeared to be a more conventional ‘zoned’ cabin. However, closer inspection revealed many innovative features such as a central ‘office’ area and boardroom with rising table. A sense of space was created in several different ways, including low-level lighting giving the illusion of a ‘floating’ bar.

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Group 1 (Andrew Aylesbury, James Finlayson and Rupert Evans) The team devised a very modern and striking approach focusing on space efficiency. A multi-functional spherical seat design created a personal ‘cocoon’ for each passenger, offering flexibility for both work or rest. Innovative storage pods and a pop-up drinks unit made the most of the space onboard.

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NEWS IN BRIEF

Coffee with a conscience The world’s first bio-diesel, solar- and wind-powered, art-covered coffee cart was launched at Coventry University during this year’s Fairtrade Fortnight. Designed to provide students with experience in running a business, it is also kind to the environment! The colourful ‘Mozzo® Coventry University Coffee Cart’ is the result of a business collaboration between the University and Mozzo, a sustainable lifestyle brand specialising in the sale and market of fairtrade organic arabica espresso coffee. First developed in 2005, the cart’s design is based on an Indian TukTuk, and also provides opportunities for emerging artistic talent to showcase their work on its exterior panels. It all started after a visit by Mozzo’s founder Grant Lang, who came to the University to talk to students about social enterprise. The lectures proved fun for all involved and eventually the partnership was formed. The plan is for students to take control of the cart and run it as a business venture – going to locations on and off-campus, wherever the demand is – providing valuable business experience without the financial risk. The mobile ‘art exhibition’ can be used to promote anything from students’ work to the University’s latest recruitment posters, or even as advertising space for companies. The unique model developed for Coventry University made an instant impact, engaging the public’s emotions as an innovative, fun and socially responsible retailing platform. If, over time, the concept proves successful, it could pave the way for hundreds of others on university campuses across the country.

Serious about games A new industry – curiously called ‘Serious Games’ – could be about to put the West Midlands back on the map. A groundbreaking Serious Games Institute (SGI) at Coventry University – the first of its kind in the UK – will develop the latest computer gaming technology to drive innovation and training. Serious games makes use of interactive electronic game technologies for non-entertainment purposes such as business simulation, corporate training, and emergency and disaster management, and is particularly effective in situations where it is too costly or risky to train people in live situations. The technology provides a way of working designed for the digital generation. As new communication and education technologies emerge, serious games will continue to evolve as a learning tool.

The West Midlands is home to some of the world’s leading electronic games companies, including Blitz Games and Codemasters, and the new Institute will provide a focal point for the many talented companies in the region. With a boost of £3.3 million from Advantage West Midlands, the £7 million Institute will be based at Coventry University Enterprises (CUE) Ltd’s Technology Park. The state-of-the-art building will house office space for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), a networking and workshop area, showcasing facilities and applied research. David Wortley, SGI Director, said: “We want to be the catalyst for the innovative use of games technologies such as virtual worlds – where ‘Second Life’ has received massive global publicity. The SGI is a tremendous opportunity for the West Midlands to become a global leader in an emerging market with huge potential.”

It was whilst undertaking research into colour chemistry that Dr Daniel Lynch, now Technical Director of Exilica Ltd, discovered the technology that a few years later would become the founding stone behind one of the region’s most exciting new start-up companies.

Dr Daniel Lynch Daniel Lynch graduated with a PhD in Chemistry from Queensland University of Technology in 1994. Leaving his home town of Brisbane, Australia, he spent a short time at Cranfield University before coming to Coventry University. Following six years as a Senior Lecturer in Chemistry, he was appointed Reader in Applied Chemistry in 2007.

Daniel Lynch had created a range of silica nanoshells that act as ‘mini-Tupperware’ containers, storing chemicals and releasing them when required. A Reader in Applied Chemistry in Coventry University’s Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, he had found that silica shells measuring less than one micrometre (one thousandth of a millimetre) in diameter, could be used to contain chemicals, releasing them over controlled periods of time. In effect, he had characterised a platform technology which could be tailored to many different industrial needs, from sunscreens to fertilisers. The original invention took place nine years ago, and after intensive research, the University filed for a UK patent. Exilica Ltd, a University spin-out company, was later registered to commercially exploit the technology made possible by the serendipitous discovery. Since then, the patent has been filed internationally and despite initial industry caution, persistence and a very clear vision for the product’s potential has led to the company securing several development contracts with a number of multinational companies. “Among its many potential uses, we’re looking at increasing the life of household and clothing fragrances through the technology’s slow-release mechanism, which can help fragrances last for up to eight weeks – substantially longer than existing products,” Daniel said. “There is also the potential to enhance washing detergents and fabric cleaners. Storing the active agent in these silica shells helps these products tackle dirt more effectively and become longer lasting. There are lots of things we can do with this range of technology.”

This versatility was a major factor in the University’s decision to develop a start-up company, rather than simply licensing the technology directly. Within the first year the company had appointed a board of directors and an interim MD, who have been supporting Daniel in raising early stage finance. The company has been recognised as one of the region’s most exciting start-ups – shortlisted for The Times Higher Awards Business Initiative of the Year, 2006. It was the only UK company to be invited by the Japanese External Trade Organization (JETRO) to a recent trade fair in Tokyo. Recently completing a first round investment deal with a large multinational company, this exciting turn enables Daniel to now devote himself full-time to the business, working alongside the current research officer to develop the business further and deliver Exilica’s full potential. www.exilica.co.uk Typical applications include: • Anti-fungal/anti-algal treatment • Controlled drug delivery • Controlled release of fertilisers • Cosmetics and healthcare products • Effective sunscreens and filters • Encapsulation of fragrances • Encapsulation of pigments and dyes • Enhanced chemical performance • Fuels and explosives • Improved battery technology • Performance adhesives • Speciality and engineering textiles • Storage media

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Small miracles

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The weighting game It has been described as the modern epidemic, and is fast becoming one of the world’s biggest health issues. Childhood obesity is on the rise along with the research into how to treat it. PhD student Helen Pittson talks about her pioneering and innovative work to fight the flab. Fast food and video games are the modern curse on a world marred by high blood pressure and clogged arteries. While the cooking skills of our forebears have been abandoned in favour of microwave meals, the repercussions are now coming back to choke us. In England alone there has been a significant increase in childhood obesity over the past decade, increasing from 10.9 per cent in 1995 to 18.0 per cent in 2005 for boys, and from 12.0 per cent to 18.1 per cent for girls*. Y W8? (Why Weight?) is a family-based weight management programme, forging change by encouraging a positive focus on healthy eating and active living by acknowledging that the problem is not just clinical, but also cultural and psychological. Overweight children and their families attend 12 weekly sessions involving fun activities to improve fitness, nutrition and self-esteem. If a child is obese, there’s a high chance that the parents are too, so lifestyle changes need to begin at home. The programme aims to educate the whole family on healthy eating and balanced food groups. Throughout the course parents attend workshops to learn how to cook using natural ingredients, and how to choose sensibly when eating out. It helps their self-esteem because they are learning with other families and can share experiences and give support to one another. The children also have a physical activity session to help increase confidence through team sports such as rounders, or work-outs in the gym. The lack of activity in the UK is a key factor in the increase in obesity, and stepping up exercise levels is an essential way of helping make families healthier. Serious associated health risks include heart disease, diabetes and kidney failure, and there are psychological consequences too – low self-esteem, anxiety and depression. As the project has progressed, I’m no longer shocked by the things I see. Some of the children feel like they’re going to be deprived, but it’s my job to show them how we’re going to make changes that they see as fair. It’s about balance, not deprivation. The interactive sessions cause the greatest reaction from the children, such as the ‘sugar quiz’. When children pour out the amount of sugar you get in a McDonald’s McFlurry or a bottle of Lucozade, their eyes are like saucers when they see the pile in front of them. Part of Telford and Wrekin Primary Care Trust’s Let’s Get Physical programme funded by Sport England, the project’s holistic approach has so far helped 24 families, and another 12 are currently taking part.

Over 80 per cent of the children who have participated in the project have improved their Body Mass Index (BMI) and around 70 per cent of parents have also seen a loss of excess weight. The project, which is underpinned by health psychology research, overcomes complex barriers to losing weight by offering families tailored solutions. Detailed questionnaires are filled in by participants regarding their sedentary activity (e.g. watching TV), physical activity, diet and self-esteem. Realistic exercise regimes and weight loss goals are then set for individuals, as reasons for obesity can vary from person to person. By targeting children, there are opportunities to change eating patterns and set up a life-long habit of exercise and physical activity. The project tackles the root cause of obesity and works with children to improve their confidence and self esteem. Y W8? also involves a weekly exercise session for ‘graduates’ and their families. There are also reviews at six and twelve months after programme completion to encourage families to exercise together and continue to make lifestyle changes.  The headway being made has received national recognition. In 2006 the project won the award for Best Practice in Primary Care at the annual National Obesity Forum Best Practice Awards for Excellence in Weight Management. Feedback from families who have attended Y W8? has also been overwhelmingly positive, with many grateful to the programme for taking away the worry of what can otherwise develop into a serious concern for any parent. We hope to roll the programme out further to benefit other children and parents in the same way. Most people know what they’ve got to do, it’s just making the choice to do it. * The Health Survey for England 2005

Helen Pittson Helen Pittson, a PhD student at Coventry University, is a researcher in childhood obesity and physical activity at Telford and Wrekin Primary Care Trust. She has recently been awarded a Winston Churchill Travelling Fellowship for 2007 through which she will visit established childhood obesity treatment programmes in the US.

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'The project tackles the root cause of obesity and works with children to improve their confidence and self esteem'

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NEWS IN BRIEF

Bridging the language gap Statistics show that trade is being lost in the West Midlands due to language and cultural barriers. Identified by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as the most significant issue in exporting to foreign markets, language difficulties are cited ahead of exchange rate, paperwork or payment problems. A report by Coventry University for the National Centre for Languages (CILT) identified that only around 50 per cent of businesses surveyed in the tourism/ leisure, food/drink, business/professional services and passenger transport industries used any foreign language skills. According to Dr Veronica Velo, Director of the report, of those that did, these skills helped considerably in developing overseas contacts and with international sales and procurement. Conversely, their absence can cause operational delays and misunderstandings. Despite this, many organisations display complacency, believing such skills to be the responsibility of ‘specialists’ rather than in the interests of all. Any solution therefore needs to take account of employees’ reluctance to learn a new language, their lack of time and their preference for personal attention. Spanish for International Success, developed by Dr Rosario Kane-Iturrioz, is designed to accommodate busy schedules and variable work patterns. Based on a blended learning approach, the course offers online delivery and discussion groups, face-to-face tutorials, video-conferencing, vocabulary games, website links and online tests. The next step now is to produce additional versions of the course in other languages. A bid is also presently being made to the Leonardo Transfer of Innovation initiative for European funding, which will enable further customisation of the course to the needs of specific business sectors, starting with the tourism industry.

A sound investment For many of us the term ‘ultrasound’ probably first brings to mind images of pre-natal scans. However, ultrasound is now providing a new way of dealing with environmental protection, from cleaning our water supplies to making our chemical industry greener, through the science of sonochemistry. Sonochemistry is the study of the effects of a type of ultrasound much more powerful than that used in scanning. Its effects are the result of ‘acoustic cavitation’, the formation of small bubbles or cavities in a fluid caused by sound vibrations. These undergo a violent collapse, producing local hotspots of instantaneous high energy. Ultrasound is capable of treating harmful biological contamination in water because the cell membranes of bacteria are weakened or broken by cavitation. This has been shown to enhance the biocidal effects of UV radiation, ozone and chemical oxidants, and even to provide a ‘green’ technology for the treatment of chemical contamination in water. Ultrasound is also targeting the area of air pollution, recognised as a serious public health concern. Fine particles from power plant emissions or diesel fuelled cars have increasingly become the focus of stricter government regulation. Whilst the ideal solution may be to prevent emissions at source, particles are often simply so small that they pass through filters. Ultrasound has been shown to precipitate suspended particles by forming larger agglomerates, making them susceptible to conventional separation technologies. On an industrial scale sonochemistry has been successfully applied to the improvement of soil quality and the enhanced treatment of sewage. Research is ongoing in all of the above areas at the Sonochemistry Centre.

SUMMER 2007 Innovate 31 MEETINGS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION

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Self-help massage: Alleviating stress through teaching massage skills to parents of children with disabilities.

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