Inline Citations Demonstration

  • June 2020
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Jordan Bakke Inline citations demonstration

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Treaties are bad..........................................................................................................................................2

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Jordan Bakke Inline citations demonstration

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TREATIES ARE BAD First, treaties fail to alter state behavior predictably. (Barrett, 2005)1 Second, we can't count on an environmental treaty being enforced. This is because most of them lack effective enforcement anyways. (Agrawal and Carmen, 2006)2 Third, secretariats don't have enough money to effectively enforce treaties. (New York Times, 2009)3

1 Scott Barrett (PhD in economics, professor of political science at Johns Hopkins University), 2005, "Environment and statecraft", http://books.google.com/books?id=uqrey86neSIC Unfortunately, most treaties - and I list or discuss over 300 treaties in this book - fail to alter state behavior appreciably. 2 Arun Agrawal (PhD in political science, professor of natural resources and environment at the University of Michigan) and Maria Carmen Lemos (PhD, associate professor of natural resources and environment at the University of Michigan), 2006, Annual Review of Resources and Environment, "Environmental Governance", http://wwwpersonal.umich.edu/~arunagra/publications/2006. Maria Carmen Lemos and Arun Agrawal. Environmental Governance.pdf Most international environmental agreements lack effective enforcement, especially when the more binding provisions in an agreement are at stake.

3 March 13, 2009, New York Times, "Poor data, weak agencies hamstring U.N. environmental oversight", http://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2009/03/13/13greenwire-poor-data-weak-agencies-hamstringenvironmenta-10122.html? pagewanted=3 Ongoing government cash-flow troubles, now made worse by a severe global economic recession, mean many of these proliferating MEA [Multilateral Environmental Agreement] secretariats are poorly funded and have little ability to monitor compliance or take any possible enforcement actions when rules are broken.

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