Industrial Trucks

GROUP 1 Alfonso, Jerusalem Cruz, Ian Kevin Estolonio, Dexter

INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS Industrial trucks are used to move materials over variable paths, with no restrictions on

INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS The major types of industrial trucks are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Hand Truck Pallet Jack Walkie Stacker Pallet Truck Platform Truck

INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS 8. Narrow-Aisle reach Truck 9. Turret Truck 10.Order Picker 11.Sideloader 12.Tractor-Trailer 13.Personnel and Burden carrier 14.Automated Guided vehicle (AGV)

INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS • Used to move materials over variable (horizontal) paths with no restrictions on the area covered (i.e., unrestricted area) • Provide vertical movement if the truck has lifting capabilities • Used when there is insufficient (or

INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS • Provide more flexibility in movement than conveyors and cranes • Not licensed to travel on public roads—"commercial trucks" are licensed to travel on public roads

INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS Characteristics: – Pallet/Non-Pallet: – Manual/Powered – Walk/Ride – Stack/No Stack – Narrow Aisle – Automated

1. HAND TRUCK Non-pallet + manual + no stack

1. Hand Truck • A hand truck, also known as a dolly, two-wheel dolly, stack truck, trolley, sack truck or bag barrow, is an L-shaped box-moving handcart with handles a wheels at the base, with a small ledge to set objects t one end, on, flat against the floor when the hand-truck is upright.

Hand Truck • Some hand trucks are equipped with stairclimber wheels, which, as the name implies, are designed to go up and down stairs

1(a) Two-Wheeled Hand Truck

Load tilted during travel

1(b) Dolly

Three or more wheeled hand truck with a flat platform in which, since it has no handles, the

1(c) Floor Hand Truck

Four or more wheeled hand truck with handles for pushing or hitches for pulling. Sometimes

2. PALLET JACK Pallet + walk + no stack

2. Pallet Jack • A pallet jack, also known as a pallet truck or pump truck, is a tool used to lift and move pallets. • The front wheels are mounted inside the end of the forks, and as the hydraulic jack is raised, the forks are separated vertically from the front wheels, forcing the load upward until it clears the floor.

2. Pallet Jack • Pallet restrictions: reversible pallets cannot be used, double-faced nonreversible pallets cannot have deckboards where the front wheels extend to the floor, and enables only two-way entry into a four-way notched-stringer pallet because the

2(a) Manual Pallet Jack

Manual lifting and/or travel

2(a) Manual Pallet Jack

2(b) Powered Pallet Jack

Powered pallet jacks are motorized to allow lifting and moving of heavier and stacked pallets

2(b) Powered Pallet Jack

3. WALKIE STACKER Pallet + walk + stack

Walkie Stacker The walkie stacker model forklift is design for a person to operate the truck while walking not riding the equipment

3(a) Manual Walkie

Manual lifting and/or travel (and straddle load support)

3(b) Powered Walkie

Powered lifting and/or travel (and either counterbalance or straddle

Walkie Stacker • A walkie stacker is extremely important part of many organization material handling responsibilities. However, extreme caution must be taken when using their type of equipment. It’s important to know as much as

Walkie Stacker

4. PALLET TRUCK Pallet + ride + no stack

Pallet Truck

Same pallet restrictions as a pallet jack Control handle typically tilts to allow operator to

Pallet Truck

5. PLATFORM TRUCK Non-pallet + powered + no stack

Platform Truck Platform used to provide support for nonpalletized loads Used for skid handling; platform can lift skid several inches to allow it to clear the floor Greater lifting capacity compared to fork trucks because

5(a) Walkie Platform

Operator walks next to truck Floor hand truck is sometimes referred to as a

5(b) Rider Platform Truck

Operator can ride on truck

6. COUNTERBALANCED (CB) LIFT TRUCK

Counterbalanced (CB) Lift • Also referred toTruck as fork truck. Weight of vehicle (and operator) behind the front wheels of truck counterbalances weight of the load (and weight of vehicle beyond front wheels); front wheels act as fulcrum or pivot point. Rated capacity reduced for load

Counterbalanced (CB) Lift

Image of an electric forklift with component descriptions

Component descriptions: • Truck Frame - is the base of the machine to which the mast, axles, wheels, counterweight, overhead guard and power source are attached. • Counterweight - is a heavy cast iron mass attached to the rear of

• Cab - is the area that contains a seat for the operator along with the control pedals, steering wheel, levers, switches and a dashboard containing operator readouts. The cab area may be open air or enclosed, but it is covered by the

Component descriptions: • Overhead Guard - is a metal roof supported by posts at each corner of the cab that helps protect the operator from any falling objects. On some forklifts, the overhead guard is part of the frame assembly • Power Source - may consist of an internal combustion engine that can be

Component descriptions: • Tilt Cylinders - are hydraulic cylinders that are mounted to the truck frame and the mast. The tilt cylinders pivot the mast to assist in engaging a load. • Mast - is the vertical assembly that does the work of raising and lowering the load. It is made up of interlocking rails that also provide lateral stability. The

Component descriptions: • Carriage - is the component to which the forks or other attachments mount. It is mounted into and moves up and down the mast rails by means of chains or by being directly attached to the hydraulic cylinder. • Load Back Rest - is a rack-like extension that is either bolted or welded

Component descriptions: • Attachments - may consist of forks or tines that are the L-shaped members that engage the load. A variety of other types of material handling attachments are available. These include sideshifters, slipsheet attachments, carton clamps, multipurpose clamps, rotators, fork positioners, carpet poles, pole handlers,

Attachments • Sideshifter - is a hydraulic attachment that allows the operator to move the tines (forks) and backrest laterally. This allows easier placement of a load without having to reposition the truck • Rotator - To aid the handling of skids that may have become excessively tilted and other specialty material handling

Attachments • Fork Positioner - is a hydraulic attachment that moves the tines (forks) together or apart. This removes the need for the operator to manually adjust the tines for different sized loads. • Roll and Barrel Clamp Attachment A mechanical or hydraulic attachment used to squeeze the item to be moved. It

Attachments • Pole Attachments - In some locations, such as carpet warehouses, a long metal pole is used instead of forks to lift carpet rolls. Similar devices, though much larger, are used to pick up metal coils. • Carton and Multipurpose Clamp Attachments - are hydraulic attachments that allow the operator to open and close around a load, squeezing it to pick it up. With these attachments in use, the forklift truck is

Attachments • Slip Sheet Attachment (Push - Pull) - is a hydraulic attachment that reaches forward, clamps onto a slip sheet and draws the slip sheet onto wide and thin metal forks for transport. The attachment will push the slip sheet and load off the forks for placement. • Drum Handler Attachment - is a mechanical attachment that slides onto the tines (forks). It usually has a spring loaded jaw that grips the top lip edge of a drum for transport.

Attachments • Man Basket - a lift platform that slides onto the tines (forks) and is meant for hoisting workers. The man basket has railings to keep the person from falling and brackets for attaching a safety harness. • Telescopic Forks - are hydraulic attachments that allow the operator to operate in warehouse design for "double-deep stacking", which means that two pallet shelves are placed behind each other without any aisle between

Forklift control and capabilities Forklift trucks are available in many variations and load capacities. In a typical warehouse setting most forklifts used have load capacities between one to five tons. Larger machines, up to 50 tons lift capacity are used for lifting heavier loads,

• Typical Load capacity chart

General operations Forklifts are rated for loads at a specified maximum weight and a specified forward centre of gravity.

• An important aspect of forklift operation is that many have rear-wheel steering. While this increases maneuverability in tight cornering situations, it differs from a driver’s traditional experience with other wheeled vehicles. While steering, as there is no caster

General operations • Another critical characteristic of the forklift is its instability. The forklift and load must be considered a unit with a continually varying centre of gravity with every movement of the load. A forklift must never negotiate a turn at speed with a raised load,

Forklift Use in Warehouse and are Distribution Centers • Forklifts a critical element of warehouses and distribution centers. It’s imperative that these structures be designed to accommodate their efficient and safe movement. A forklift removing a 150-pound king-sized mattress from a rack must easily navigate a 90-degree turn in a 12-foot, 6-inch aisle. In the case of DriveIn/Drive-Thru Racking, a forklift needs to travel inside a storage bay that is multiple pallet positions deep to place or retrieve a pallet.

• Since every pallet requires the truck to enter the storage structure, damage is more common than with other types of storage. In designing a drive-in system, dimensions of the fork truck, including overall width and mast width, must be

6(a) Sit-Down Counterbalanced

12-13 ft. minimum aisle width requirement A sit-down counterbalanced lift truck is

6(b) Stand-Up Counterbalanced

Operator stands up, giving vehicle narrow-aisle capability 9-11 ft. minimum aisle width requirement

7. NARROW-AISLE (NA) STRADDLE TRUCK Narrow Aisle

• Outrigger arms straddle a load and Narrow-Aisle (NA) are used to support the load Straddle Truck instead of the counterbalance of the truck. 7-8 ft is the minimum It is similar to counter aisle width requirement. It is less balanced lift truck. An apparatus and method in expensive than stand-up CB lift truck and NA reach truck. the form of a vehicle for transporting, lifting, placing and retrieving loads in narrow-aisle load storage racks. Narrow-aisle operation is provided by vertically movable, extensible tracks which enter the load space and rest upon the racks thus permitting

8. NARROW-AISLE (NA) REACH TRUCK Narrow Isle

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Narrow-Aisle (NA) Reach Truck Similar to both stand-up CB lift truck and NA

straddle truck • 8-10 ft. minimum aisle width requirement • Load rests on the outrigger arms during transport, but a pantograph (scissors) mechanism is used for reaching, thereby eliminating the need to straddle the load during stacking • Counterbalance of the truck used to support the

Narrow-Aisle (NA) Reach

Reaching capability enables the use of shorter outrigger arms (arms > 1/2 load depth) as

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Narrow-Aisle (NA) Reach Truck The reach truck If you handle pallet loads and want to maximize storage density, this workhorse will help get the job done. With today's premium placed on increased storage space utilization and productivity per employee, it often pays to think narrow-aisle storage. And the workhorse vehicle you'll want to

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Narrow-Aisle (NA) Reach Truck Forty-five years of service – Reach trucks have been used for many years. They were invented nearly a half-century ago. First introduced in 1954 to the North American market, the electric reach truck has evolved considerably since then. Manufacturers have added many improvements to motors, controls, mast, operator cab compartment, and other features over the years. The result is that today's truck is very highly sophisticated in its

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Narrow-Aisle (NA) Reach Truck Lifting to high levels Don't assume that the heaviest load capacity can be raised all the way up to the maximum lift or stacking height. Many trucks will lift safely a full load only to a height somewhere below the maximum lifting or stacking height. Unless you wish to store some lighter

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Narrow-Aisle (NA) Reach Truck Ergonomics and operators – Examine one of today's reach trucks and you'll soon find evidence that thought has gone into the ergonomics of operator compartments and controls. Operators do spend up to 7 hours a day standing in these trucks so their comfort is vital. A multi-functional joy stick directs vehicle operations in many models, while others

9. TURRET TRUCK

Turret Truck • Greater stacking height compared to other narrow-aisle trucks (40 ft. vs. 25 ft.), but greater investment cost • Forks rotate to allow for side loading and, since truck itself does not rotate during stacking, the body of the truck can be longer to increase its counterbalance capability and to allow

9(a) Operator-Down

Operator not lifted with the load 5-6 ft. minimum aisle width requirement .Termed a swingmast truck (picture shown) when, instead of just the forks, the entire mast

9(b) Operator-Up Turret

Operator lifted with the load to allow precise stacking and picking 5-7 ft. minimum aisle width

10. ORDER PICKER

Order Picker

Similar to NA straddle truck, except operator lifted with the load to allow for less-than-unit-load picking. Typically has forks to allow the truck to be used for

11. SIDELOADER

Sideloader

Forks mounted perpendicular to direction of travel to allow for side loading and straddle load

12. TRACTOR-TRAILER

Non-load-carrying tractor used to pull a train of trailers (i.e., dollies or floor hand trucks) Extends

13. PERSONNEL AND BURDEN CARRIER

Personnel and Burden

Non-load-carrying vehicle used to transport personnel within a facility (e.g., golf cart, bicycle,

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