Indian Literature
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I am Megatron. And I will discuss…
Indian Literature
EARLY CIVILIZATION Their invasion of India is still highly contested & remains a controversial topic.
• The Aryans:
• An Indo-European race.
Some historians argue that the original settlers of India are the
‘Dravidians.’
• A group of semi-nomadic “Nordic Whites” who have a warrior like culture & work as herders. • Allegedly brought language & religious beliefs in India.
• Espouses a polytheistic belief in several dieties. e.g. Durga, Vishnu, Ganesh, Shiva…
• The most dominant religion in India until today.
Major Beliefs:
PURUSATHRAS = 3 ends of man Dharma = virtue, duty, & righteousnes Artha = wealth Kama = love
Social classes in Hindu society a.k.a. CASTE SYSTEM Brahmin = Priests
(religious/holy ones)
Kshatriya = Warriors Vaisya = Farmers
(soldiers)
(may also be interpreted as the working class)
Sudra = Slaves Panchama = The Untouchables
(i.e. lepers, sick people)
Major Hindu principles: • Karma = The consequences of ones actions. • Reincarnation = In most Indian philosophical traditions, it is an ongoing cycle of birth, death, and rebirth which are assumed as facts of nature. (including the Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh and Jain systems)
Hindu Gods Brahma = The Creator Vishnu = The Preserver Shiva = The Destroyer
Vedas •
The Vedas (Sanskrit वेद véda, "knowledge") are a large body of texts originating in Ancient India. The texts are composed in Vedic Sanskrit and form the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature, and the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism.
•
"Vedic text" is aggregated around the four canonical Saṃhitās or Vedas proper (turīya), of which three (traya) are related to the performance of yajna (sacrifice) in historical (Iron Age) Vedic religion: 1. the Rigveda, containing hymns to be recited by the hotṛ or chief priest; 2. the Yajurveda, containing formulas to be recited by the adhvaryu or officiating priest; 3. the Samaveda, containing formulas to be chanted by the udgātṛ. •
The fourth is the Atharvaveda, a collection of spells and incantations, stories, predictions, apotropaic charms and some speculative hymns.
Major examples of Vedic Texts:
Buddhism: Siddhartha Gautama = Founder Buddha = “The Enlightened One”
Major Principles of Buddhism: • Self-awareness & enlightenment to achieve ‘NIRVANA.’ • Symbol: Wheel (meaning the cycle of life)
The 2 Greatest Epics
• Mahabaratha = the longest epic about a struggle for supremacy • Ramayana = written by Valmiki & talks about Hindu Values.
Kalidasa = Karikulagum – the perceptor of all poets = Shakuntala – Sanskrit Drama Panchatantra = a collection of Indian Books composed of Indian Books = also serves as a textbook for worldly wisdom Kama Sutra = written via vatsadinya = via recording to day…
• Medieval: with Islamic influence • Modern: with British influence • Rabindranath Tagore = the 1st Asian to win a Nobel Peace Prize in Literature c.a. 1913 • Gitanjali = Song offerings (i.e. those that will allow to check out my sthinks
Indian Literature
EARLY CIVILIZATION Their invasion of India is still highly contested & remains a controversial topic.
• The Aryans:
• An Indo-European race.
Some historians argue that the original settlers of India are the
‘Dravidians.’
• A group of semi-nomadic “Nordic Whites” who have a warrior like culture & work as herders. • Allegedly brought language & religious beliefs in India.
• Espouses a polytheistic belief in several dieties. e.g. Durga, Vishnu, Ganesh, Shiva…
• The most dominant religion in India until today.
Major Beliefs:
PURUSATHRAS = 3 ends of man Dharma = virtue, duty, & righteousnes Artha = wealth Kama = love
Social classes in Hindu society a.k.a. CASTE SYSTEM Brahmin = Priests
(religious/holy ones)
Kshatriya = Warriors Vaisya = Farmers
(soldiers)
(may also be interpreted as the working class)
Sudra = Slaves Panchama = The Untouchables
(i.e. lepers, sick people)
Major Hindu principles: • Karma = The consequences of ones actions. • Reincarnation = In most Indian philosophical traditions, it is an ongoing cycle of birth, death, and rebirth which are assumed as facts of nature. (including the Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh and Jain systems)
Hindu Gods Brahma = The Creator Vishnu = The Preserver Shiva = The Destroyer
Vedas •
The Vedas (Sanskrit वेद véda, "knowledge") are a large body of texts originating in Ancient India. The texts are composed in Vedic Sanskrit and form the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature, and the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism.
•
"Vedic text" is aggregated around the four canonical Saṃhitās or Vedas proper (turīya), of which three (traya) are related to the performance of yajna (sacrifice) in historical (Iron Age) Vedic religion: 1. the Rigveda, containing hymns to be recited by the hotṛ or chief priest; 2. the Yajurveda, containing formulas to be recited by the adhvaryu or officiating priest; 3. the Samaveda, containing formulas to be chanted by the udgātṛ. •
The fourth is the Atharvaveda, a collection of spells and incantations, stories, predictions, apotropaic charms and some speculative hymns.
Major examples of Vedic Texts:
Buddhism: Siddhartha Gautama = Founder Buddha = “The Enlightened One”
Major Principles of Buddhism: • Self-awareness & enlightenment to achieve ‘NIRVANA.’ • Symbol: Wheel (meaning the cycle of life)
The 2 Greatest Epics
• Mahabaratha = the longest epic about a struggle for supremacy • Ramayana = written by Valmiki & talks about Hindu Values.
Kalidasa = Karikulagum – the perceptor of all poets = Shakuntala – Sanskrit Drama Panchatantra = a collection of Indian Books composed of Indian Books = also serves as a textbook for worldly wisdom Kama Sutra = written via vatsadinya = via recording to day…
• Medieval: with Islamic influence • Modern: with British influence • Rabindranath Tagore = the 1st Asian to win a Nobel Peace Prize in Literature c.a. 1913 • Gitanjali = Song offerings (i.e. those that will allow to check out my sthinks
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