India Is Primarily An Agriculture Country Agriculture Is The Prime Industry 75% Depend On Agriculture

AGRI CUL TUR E INDIA

is primarily an Agriculture country Agriculture is the prime industry 75% depend on agriculture.

Agriculture  In

most of the developed and industrialized countries of to- day agriculture development preceded industrial development.

Agriculture 

Increase in agricultural production and productivity will lead to more savings which can be used for either further development of agriculture or for non agricultural occupations as well as industry.

Agriculture 



The first and foremost role of agriculture is its promotion of economic progress in the country by enlarging the savings of the rural sector and making them available for the development of agriculture. Thus economic development and industrial development depend on agriculture.

Oth er co ntr ibu ti ons

 Providing

increased food supplies and raw materials.  Reduction of death rate/ increase of population  Increase in per capita income.

Pe r cap it a i nc om e 

Per capi ta income means how much each individual receives, in monetary terms, of the yearly income generated in the country. This is what each citizen is to receive if the yearly national income is divided equally among everyone

Per capiata ( 2007)         

Zimbabwe India China Japan US UK Qather Norway Luxemburg

55 978 16600 34000 45800 45500 72800 84000 105000

179 131 37 22 11 12 3 2 1

COUNTERAC TS INFLA TION





With increased income, the people will demand more food and clothing and other consumer items. Shortage in the supply of food and raw materials would result in inflation. Economic development will be slowed down due to increasing costs. To counteract inflation and to ensure growth and stability, the agriculture sector should continue to increase production in proportionate to the demand

Pr ovid es m ark et for manufactured goods 



Agricultural sector helps economic growth by providing markets for manufactured goods in the industrial sector. Increased agricultural productivity will lead to increased income of the farmers

Ensur e s upply of lab or in industr y 

The surplus agricultural labor can be transferred to industries where the marginal productivity of the laborer will be higher, thus the total productivity will go up

Role of a gric ultu re    

 

Source of livelyhood(75%) Largest employment (70%)-big industrial sectors provide only 10% Supplies raw materials Transport system depends on agriculture (get bulk business from movement of agriculture goods) Supplies food for people and fodder for cattle. Export sector depends on agriculture (jute, tea, oilseeds, spices, tobacco etc)

Rol e of agri cul ture in Nati onal Income 

 





In the early days of British rule in India, the contribution of agriculture towards the national income of the country was abnormally large. During the first World War period, the contribution of agriculture was 67% After the attainment of independence , vigorous efforts were made to industrialize the country, the share of agriculture declined However , agriculture sector continues to dominate and contributes a larger share of national output. Developed countries like USA,UK will be less dependent on agriculture in national income and contribution will be less than 5%

Employ ment in ag ric ultu re        

In India , agriculture sector is the largest employment providing sector. 1978/83 5th FYP 74% 1994 INDIA 65% 1993 BANGLADESH 67% 1993 CHINA 65% 1993 PAKISTAN 48% FRACE/JAPAN/GERMANY 4to5% USA/UK Below 2%

Di sti ncti on betwee n agri cul ture and in du stry AGRICULTYRE

INDUSTRY

Man cannot live without agriculture

Man can live without

Industrial goods can be produced with agriculture

Agriculture commodities cannot be produced with industrial products

Gestation period is large

Depends on technology and products

Dependent on Natue

Less significant

Management of farm is tough

Not that tough as agriculture

Price taker

Price maker

Produces food for people

Produces goods meant for a comfortable living.

Rel atio nship between agri cul tur al and nonagri cul tur al sectors 







Non agricultural sectors ie transport, trade, & commerce and agricultural sector are mutually dependent Agriculture sector feeds the million of people in all sectors and provides raw materials for industries In turn, non-agricultural sectors help the agricultural sector for its inputs, transport and marketing. For example, wheat is produced by agricultural sector. Processing of wheat into flour , bread and cake is done by industrial sector

Probl ems of I ndi an Agri cul ture 1. 





Diversity

India is a vast country exhibiting different characteristics and diversities. The nature of soil, the amount of rainfall, availability of water for irrigation, agricultural practices, type of holding etc from region to region. We have semi-desert regions, areas prone to floods, areas depending on rains. Deficiency of N,P,K vary place to place

Probl ems of I ndi an Agri cul ture  2. Multiplicity 

of Crops

The large differences in soil and climate conditions make it possible to grow a variety of crops. India, compared to other countries, produces different types of food grains and raw materials. Though this is good in one respect, it leads to uncertainties that may not helpful to the economy.

Probl ems of I ndi an Agri cul ture 

3. Diversities in other spheres.

Ownership of land  Methods of irrigation  Size of land holdings  Rotation of crops 

Probl ems of I ndi an Agri cul ture



4. unequal distribution of land

While few farmers own large areas of land , a very large number of people have very little.  12%-owns two thirds of total agricultural land  50%-2%(work as tenants and laborers of rich land lords and they could not make any investment. 

Probl ems of I ndi an Agri cul ture     

5. growing indebtedness 6. poverty 7. low productivity 8. vast unemployment and underemployment 9. Other factors (poor transport, marketing, lack of credit facilities, unproductive cattle populations, uneconomic holding, lack of water supply etc etc )

GREEN REVOLUTION 

UNI. TEXT – PAGE NOS-80/86

GREE N REVO LUT IO N 

 

GREEN REVOLUTION is the spectacular advance that has taken place in agriculture through the concerted and continued efforts of many agricultural scientists. It signifies a sudden jump in the yield per acre. Boosting agricultural production to arrest starvation and death has been the objective this.

Parts of Green Revolution

 



Wonder seeds -shorter duration/high yield Fertilizers-NPK ( Application of fertilizers has been increased from 1.9 kg per hectare in 1960/61 to 72.5 kg per hectare in 1990/91 Improved water supply – water management is an essential part of the program. According to M.S.Viswanathan, formerly of ICAR bad water management is the cause of low productivity in rice, and in many parts of India, low yields are not due to lack of water but due to excess of it

Pa rts o f Green Revo lu tio n



Improved Practices

 Modern

machinery like tractors, harvesters, pump sets are to be used in place of old implements and practices.

MERI TS OF GREE N REVOLUT ION 







The green revolution attempts to produce food grains on a massive scale in the shortest period possible to see a day of self sufficiency in food grains. Created a change in the mental attitude towards better farming. New technology created employment potential and higher wage rates Increased farm income.