In City Of Angels

------~---------;------------------

In ll1e City or Angels, Chameleons, and PlJant"m,,, N!nJ. a Case Study or Chlcano AIt In Urban 'lbres (or N!nJ waa a """'Member l'mll

k'llll8

1~

u..e _

noOMil in Ihe lIb8ndesett. ThlIIil .... _

..-.ong !he still and No O"lll crlI!d Ole< spilled poIint. CI'ild.... Iingeor paO'IledfpoinUld . . lhIir dOef brolheu and sislers 0¥C.cl in 1hll ~ d gIobioIlltOCibes NapeIm tlcmbs -.... no ITIlI1Ch b' lhI peIms lhallined the S~S of LA.. ~anI<·ja.;ed mobs surled on ' - I - . lhal p;tf1l1ld

c,asnecl onlO C(ItICflIll shotn. Polk' clubs kepllhe but to • ~""'" .mong the t\atl mao Many eouId nollloet

"-'I'I'tba. LO\Ie ~ads 1lOI"'-1

upslream on rile dry bed clIne LA I'lr.eJ In EaS! LA,the CryptIC stylized graffiti made ~ dil!i<:u~ lett inside.. and ""I&ide•• to read the writing on If'Ie walls, The "Mexican American"

population I'l8S uodergoitlg. metarrorphos<s tl\ar WQlJld uansfotm ill psychoklgkal and lXlIilJeal eMlle!e' lrom thai 01 a IlOic. O"UIUed ...roily to th,t 01 In .cu.., se~affi'mioQ Chicano cult",. Ail~ """"live IIe<eoIv;ln ebol.nded In IN minds arocI medi.a d 1hll doITWIanl cutu<e. 1I>e d~al' numDe< at Cnicano joU.lIhs in mi!ttlUY boc1J' baogs. ~ .... P'fIIII ~ions.,.-.l on !he streets -..ggKl8d thai othet Iorees ~ ~f 'all. The _lily of tatalislic passivity _ioco'~.,.;e,hllblurd ~ d I fapicly chIngirlg eoc:iely IhBlI!nm¥oed 10 _ _ IF"OIe peopIts """O...:dcI not llIend no 0bM0n in lhl myltOc AIneriean rnetitIg pot. In 19Ei8.i"'l! u:.~ podo: ~$d"OdSI~~W;lul. Belmont, a'ld GarlieICl) _ . tI'U Clown b ore week bY' ... 1UCCHSIuI

mass Wdent~ kr"ooon.!he Ease LA. ~ Of .......• ..cl ..... enbcemenl .aer4ic:J'l . . b::uua on h .....-.IS .-d ... O'IdMduals..to Gal*' 10 ~ Ine _ .... quo ol
fterior~ ~i'lslIlW:lnIlur~~ ~ Chicano ~'The...-..:uS.--l as. <;aIAIyst Ior~ ~ ~ ~ arxllor ~ 1heO' liClMIles 10 ad'lCetnS oIlne Chocano cenwn.ntv' As IlIe map pclitJcal..cl.-s IM!tIIS oIllIe era_ .. ~ unIoIdng. James A. GarfiotlO High SChooIIuneIlOl*l • a ma;or breeoe< reac:\Qf 101 "'Dan ~ euture AAllouogrl Garlielcl High ..... l'lOled 101 iI$ e.«.:es~ high dropoul rate.1ne admn.lretion ""'" inelOntd to deallOilh educa!icn., e punil.... measure ""forcad by cO/pol" PUf\I$IIITI8flI, locked securitv gatea. high ter.;;es. II 51ern dress coda, ana harsn exputsioo pdi(:iM.' With ewer lNee

lhousand p,edc:;mirlandy Chiea'lO Sludllnll leeo
Jou,nal, IJilC(kJrlltfo
~ in

!he clouds of leaf Qft and swingng clubs d the 1)Oiice. .... tIInOed him I copy d hef jwtNI "'" Ite\ disap. ~ h _ d roe surgong ....-:1_ l).omg IhIIIIII 1 ~ ~ IUisl8d F,..-.>IC& FIOtes wiIh ..... ~ c.-T. fIdi",,*. .-.:l WOt1
h ~ cJ de8lh in

v-r. IN I'Il1' sd"o:rlI

notenI!tY as u-. tr.ooseuer d cnc_ 1Woon.~.~ , and 1l8ng. The ((J'I'Ipeting

~ trQlIlbng ~

cJ eeslI rel="nofollow">elic: ~d .. codft cJ~. and ....... cJ ~ _ popJari:ed b, h t"rf1:IV YIsitlIIl

ClI' clubs aOll o-nos.~. lroe majotily 0I1l\.IderltI were '-"'lIl!illllo
DlWiCl HiCaIgo. caar AoIM, Conrad ~ FJIt'ICiIco HerrO'l. ~ [liInII G8rroboI. and Hlrry G8I71bOf.,.If, Two ott.... tJlilllJ. Murw:lo Mezt and CyckN. IS ~I Its 1M par/ofma-r Humberto Sanc\(M,11l1l Illended Garfi81d High during ~ period, TM ~ _ _ n cJ IN muaCiatIIand Gon~z. Palui valdez, WrIiI

IJIiSlS in lNl tnldSi of s«iIIand poIifIcIl eNnge ~ tnem I<> cu-, lNliI shIr..s ~ 1tvOugl1.,.... IClfIIl _ ~ IlKpteIIIO"III 01 ~ at lit. Alr
,,-

!he 19701, the ~ and lNliI aJIIllic ;ru,es/s ........

e<w:ed Ihe ~ality and diNdion of ~ on 1hll high school

.'_,'m ..- ............ _...,..,

"'-_ .-----

NShet of ReuenerlCldtl, e Chice'lO POIitt<;al8J\d lilera",

"""CI'J'Il opptft..,nities .1 home and prob8~ O"e".P'.·

On August 29, 1970,1 II'QlSI ",I;""", DJOl.SI d..monllJation t(I QCCUf in E.SI L brougIll t highly poIibcind Chicano cormu'liIy 1ogeIhe< b • massMl display cJ ...cy.lhe ~ Moratotun. .. t can-. I<> be kn::Mn.

_lI'ietal'lJl"l of I ~.'" p/In b'
bon

"""'*"

~ DOl"" a!lacl<4O memt:>ers of lhe COtM"IU'1ity who had Oi'lheJ'ld 10 he" pub!lc weaka", al Laguna Fari< ooa, II'Ie boundary WtwHn lhe city and county 01 loI Angeles. Tn. e»::.w.t police bnAaIiIy $pllrI<ecI a major riel a:ortg Whilti8< ~d III E. . LA. cbT'll wIIictIlluiIdirtg$, can. and _ _e butNd .-.:l M'"

.11 incJMduIo~- . . . . " indu<:lO-og lNl ~ I.os

saw...

~ r..... joumaIisl RuDenSUz.. de8th • IN handS d LA CCu'ty Oep.rty Wilson HNed 10 pul>Iiclzl WIdely \he IIeelhing conIIic1 bel_ the Chic;allo cOfI\I'I'IUI'b1y Irw:llha ocJjce,' 1.$ the polica onslaughl al!he Ollri< inlenl"'o
srenn

"'*'

5pect,um d intlra5151"al ir.c1u<.l&d c,aatiwl "'f~ing, '~""Illd by F'ank Silu.mtls, and graptliC arlW\lfk. by L.......' ~ b, tl1& POISlbility 01 disMminlllng Ih& \I0OI< 0I..ner. .-.:l ar.isllJ ..no doMIy reIllK:1lO the uro.l o-oc-~d"" g&l*ato\.G-eo&. tlIo:aTI& Idilot 01 >dl.me 2. . . . . 1 1hrwgI'l5. Wr1Ii& Her>On ard Paras; YaId&z IlId been IIIlOI1lO'Ig IDg&lNt on ""ricM &I11)/'Oje(:U sinel nigh SCIlOOI. Gtonk _ ru:nored 10 be lMng in a IllI'lI til' on IhII roof of In.

a.n

QY'M8sium of hSI Loa "'''I)elelr COfl808. GJQflk'l worI< had &PPearlld in ..... iI_ of ~ Sf/oIJ. I ~FuT1OtisI ~ ..... \/aIdIZ IlId 'M)rk&d with GronI<. Meu, lind Cyclone on variow SllOfltanllOuS I)UbIlc lilt ICIions in EasI LA. lhM hid dHI wilrI iJauIa d g&nOef dil'IusiOt'I.

o.:n. M&l:a..-.:l ~

"""*' oII&tlIifnes

b'lg. IIoooir>g _ n:btIleyared - . ...... til<. "'" I&c4i cIotIwIg and ~.arms ~.10 a QUick. paclld goose Sl"A sh;Mng padaslrians OUI oIlheir way C<'OWOad l.clion 01 Ymin.., llo..rkM.'d, ~', Ihe mandalory d'atll..... mJ\Iirlg "'ilt1 _n morl fT'OlIll(I. tum lh.... lhey, IWOOPI!d d<:tNn on Herr6t1 and Gtonk. Aft.. I prolrad&d Slruogle. lhllwO WIiSls QtUir\&d Ieoat ~ 10 actMI cornblU dury Irll117l, Gr....·.,....,..", sI...-d b,!he US.1ttm1 rIrIfi he had 1*"1'" . . -eo fTUII C)o::tn.I .. !he EQUIl ~ Program cAcetI 81 Cal SllII1, Uls Angeln. n. murll ... YItIiIewIl$hed soon all"" ~$ compIetltll'l-ln 1972, He
'1Ong'

W,,"

{clI.I\O.MI2~

Gamboa itld~ approIlC/l1d ~klaz. Herr(ln. and Gro-* .-.:l1'l'til1O IMm IQ

""""on

RI:lpanwIC4'l ThIJy

.. ....,eI to ~ ~ ~ and _I 1001"1 • \I0OI< on ...... n1 ...... n.. b.rr IrtiIts WIOfked long I\OClUmII

Slora wer. onty a lew yafds _y~ Th1y dlSC
dlscuu:i::InsollNlil ~ ~fi-~ !he ~ ......... hiltotY 1ocu5ed. bull1'01lly'" diIlogua lIowId in and OUI 01 a I1undr1d subjllcls' drop d'ills. Guadalupe tah005, smu,ed lipstick. 1\0 llrivecY,oIl

rarnps,lo<eiQmess. Olsa\1.-nts.~"" C,-",,", comics. 0lcI< and Jane, no hear, way 00lIeIs. SpIm, .llfo,os, r.-. gerdiIc~ rio! ~ pnm bocCI\I, euear.cnas.1X:nQoa, dunce caps. low rid1rs. M:lIoloI corJcIaiIs.lIIe hsufts, Ilal p.oppes, pae!lucQ teify lales. Eng~sIl Only, false .-,..l""'s, lasl $nK black SllfllY paint, Mr. Machiro&, Bea~ boots, o/y tOlllar, 1\0 air ~,jump SIMS.

condifioning, daflcir>g eurlll, psycho-cnolos. Q\.Ick$a,,,:1.

OWe. I8CII ~ dOOtT1ed Iolooe W!llirs. mariachis, lalla bisIemg bets, r.o _ Hadde .-.:l ~ , wtIite tlrUd,la.ogtwlg ., PUblic. mellild ctayOI'IS. oIliciaI boo ~ 11'_ __ PM"l ~ sr-. bIIer pan dulce. sotard1 .-.:l ~ . OUlC5SllIO!a1rnoIrIl ....

clltaD IIrteralS.

n.aoons.

Iira.nts. _picious SUlre-l, ~ 18Mea.

biack wioow 1l8"doi. jalapeflos.lliding n lear, btoNn skies, mi$sing culllinka,lywIgicacid~,""'Or. JT\8WOIs. II'IItte'ed glass, 00I0r1s del flio, be,be<j ...... chOtIlO sin nue.o, h1p.hJgg&< b1I-bol\oms, l\M'Ii'lg r'I'Il:Ir"b._ ......,~.....,DlUls.c:dI:I tl.n-.t>abj Irigg&f Ingers.

E1o.cU. ~ ~bIrrObat'*1ardnp-dl_

wxn

The drawrogs bot GItn< __ broodingly ~ Oi'llIIn.se
images (II PBin and deall1, Gamboa drew (l;storl!!
tacu lnal \llarad dHPIY inlO thao' ..... n psycflOlogical dilernmios. The a't>511 den ";tIllrll ernolitll'll 01 rapuIsion, elabofl, and
hOur1. b' -'<s 81 I _ , I<> ClNlI originIl pen and ....

10_ roe_8I a ~ ~ 1I8r'C.",*_1Il ....,. rnorhd dr.-.g.-.:l ed1cIic ~ lI.-y dIo<:lad 10 mrilesI tnP' _ .. lha PUblic .......

dr~ b lh1 ~ HanCn jlIOo'id&d SIudio space " Ihe g,arege beIlind ni5 mOl"I(1 /'ll)J$1 (l'i$ popular mural. YioIanl gang.nd POlICe actMty.•nd E"l"SlJQoo<

01",. " , _ On 0IcemtJ1f 24 1971, He'~. G
_11_

CrwIMIONth. cltMwd in • \Ohile mt>I It>al bOle I trig/1ll\I

fYUils. glOQ symb
~ sac,ed HNtI, "'"'dI ,.. h&cl ,*""ed .. 1I;IyIie HoI lace nacl tleen 1I'a.'"IiS/offl'eCl by~ ma ~ caleYe
.Hec_ rog

WIll 'M rel="nofollow">IlIit< 8clV_cl, He<*! _

' " repr...,otation 01

hi \MJI'e • " ' " " bowie< IIal. 1IIu1le elg cn..o/ilc l;IUI 01 I;<7rug.1lecl c:arttloen:l _

I'll'\' I'Illll b.r>cl and lIelaeed wiltl broowl. OIange. ancl gokl SPfl:\""paiU«l squigog'es 1lwy pe,klrmecl SlalO'lS 01 .... CIoN as III .n_ m.a1 01 'eaislaocIlO bIIie! ~...-.s l/IIl gIori/iIId IJSI/ess llealIlL' ~Illn bore tnI <;lQU" and Grtrok and GambOl; IICCO'f'Il*'lIe ,..., .. ~ pn:>ee:sO.:rl1lDr1g ~ IlcU8Yllfcl• ...noct>_

paekacl_ lasH''lit'U.1I'oCl\lPIfI, ~ and polic•.

The i'nmlociate '1IdIa'l d ' " raroclG'fIlUCIier'c. _ ptimanly ccnluAcrIlICed with _DIl /loIlIIlly. The '4IO.lI stlbI;rI$ W\lfe

~.

!cCIlIC alOng a ~ IttIlCh 01 ' "

n. fr\aIlIlIIIicltl was IocaIecl II Ire US, Mama

Reen.JotrIg SlaIiotl aI ltJ8 Goodncn ilo.JMItcl inla<sectiln 'lhav _eel IN! tIllSS II its elllJenca WIll obMf"9d • ~ ...... lIigiIlIlIl enclId when Grtrok blsued Ihe siIe _1"ardluIa d !ICI1!e<'IId popco1l The IIIT"tIIIU 01 ' " riruIl __ .-II in plac;e IS the,- (JItCl
AJ. the CIMoI!l 01 1972,1\lIl'IOn 01. blZII... taIigICUS HCl .. Easl LA lle9II'IlO IUI'!8cI The oormvily heel ~ sutlfI<;led 10 a DIt,age 01 tnisinIorrnIIio and IIIcl 'MI. r-.$MCl1IIII 1lI!Wied raponegoe 01-.11 _ I\8d l-8Qn

the \'I;m d poIi(icaI upheaval 01l11l/I Ooss hecllafl. -wr-..g 0'f'(lf1UO'l 01 Wriuallb.lt>l and lb.It>Ifl.J ep;-IluaIily, ~ ..... ~ ., Ftan.oIry ancl oec.ne 1llVT"8dllte!y """"ISIle
(~lluoe:"llS,~~"OfOllni-..

and 1IIlSlI) W\lfe II'lIderI/ll 01 h ~ ~ prasenlecl in !hi putlIicanorI 1hejr Slrongty lJ"lclitG1alisl ~ was .. pressed Otl run81CU1' occ_ by inclMclul:J

He'fCf'l. Gtonk. YlIlc11z. and GIIII1boolIlltCl le/lll'let'> wiIIlllle sensatiOtl 01 ascll (naIWa~' "",.'13m bel;an 10 IIourish QO'I1I>8 voet!s 01 East L A. The ma/Of'Cy 01 tIltse <'lUlls r.:tlrpo.-aled I)le~

wflO AicllfIIt

~e
00.C

~

and M5IhIlicaIy

HanOn ..... ane 0I1ht firsllO 0'c0rp0I1i. eo:IsI. eod.--. 9'alTiti no lI'lI ~omPO$lIioo 01,. <'IUIIL 4 A/II>ough tha mural rT1OY8IfI8
lIIliI Nn IIId t:dt t>eton

..-..Iignecl Of ~ by !hi . . . - mda, thaw)'tUlll artiS11 expe"""""ed wi\II O!t>e, b'rn!I ItlIl ~ IIle pa'lI/TI8len 01 Chicano .rt. The Ie-sIorts lIugflI b¥ 1111 arwt-O'licat'lO ~ 01 COII'IT18fOaII~ ancl rnahI.lIeam ~ ....... no! loll on lila ThlllI&I'lOpul.tiOtl oIlmagary. tha 'epelJlioo 01 1Cl 0Pin00nI_ limt.lhI vaa.un 01
.r!W,

~1IlCI"'~oIliesl'llclbeen.~

sociIIy clIInIgi"lg pnx:eu ltwou\tl wnen ... IIlItlIishecl lducatitnallocl media system' al1«1eo It>e Chlcl/lll POPOIItlQfI. A/II>ough thet lIcltI8(j QO'I • wOe JPlIC;In.m 01 socOaotstllll!le eoncotrn& ordudirlg vioIencI and Il'eel 1iIe. The exprll1_ ard ......881 ~ oIlhe """"" jilIN(! me ..-...lliliIies olIN primatiIy 1I'Idiloonalisl a.oclianc•. AJto.ogn _ supportecl tnern•• IlJw IOOIlIY ..........

r.:lMduals nsiI:ecll~all"" ....:wks _e no! Chlcano.

Othe<' ec:/lOtd 1111 larm esen On Decamber 2•. 1;72. YaI6el, HectOrt.Gr Gart"O;la ""umecllO~ ~rd

1nCI

011 irani· Iomw\g ....... . , !rom a SII(iC 10 • partormarce ITI8diu'n. VllIdIz __ IN Virgetl de GuBda'oJpe ·Blac~. d'essed in • blI<:~ C/1lI)e 00""'-' tlIack ancl l;I,clbQa,cl ....... IIncl arI ............... ~ . Otlllle bid< 01 "" .-d. Gomk _ III X _ I Uee, Irt"beIiIh8cl wilh IIWI ft.enIll lime Of'J!bI. and • f......pointad lila, peinl8
bIIel<-anll·whte."" colof &lidos 1$ well IS Otl SupI<-8 liIm IOilh ... 0'IIInl d llIing lila imagery 10 'I""'" con~ cliIIetenI a.olliInce Irgm!tOM -..too hid exper;. IIf'lCId 1111 Pl/b'mBI\CI directly," Wa1l<>'lg M
ClOss I \'I" ...... Sevelal roclivi
~

~,-

In the!inal well< 011972, Grtlnk. He'ron. aod Gambc>e .."ey painll8r quIfy .bclvI the possitlilily 01 inr;tu
ifill YlIIcIIz tel"n'lId 10 me lililhe 1Ql1owi'lg day and clOCumenleclthe II,O'~ in pI'a(lgrap/ls. Tile signal",.. _a oompIellly ...niIlIW8lIhe<:llll'" !hal noghI4 ~ 1973."" bJr IltLStlIdoIllIll A5c:0as III ........ 01 lI'lIir 1rl-petb"1nIKICe group, HerrOn ancl Gtcn< tolIIboratecl Qnlhe portable mu'll lkll.t/8ed III ..-pIosi>oeIy anergile
In(I

in:ltIy. Yaklalllll'«lll8t ~

''''''!I1sc.lp in order to mat~h 1Ile"'~portrai~ 0111

pain!1ll" Itlr!< black. ""Ilote. _ 'Ill acrylic. Gamboa Asco'1 .:1lviIju, boJIlI$o ~"arell and IIen!Ill many sirualicros. WIlictl """ It1en lloc:t.m8
---

01 ~fealing ir>ven~V8 pu(li;c l)eft¢fII.$ltlrougl> pho!o-

Elylhlt tall 01 1974.Asco had ~ 1fllO. t>gN ~

-. a trail 01-., iIn.oInllo$. -"........es. pIagiafiIII, jou-nal,sts, flIllarCll!lrs, al'l(l C'ecl~Of$" ~I wake, The

\IfO ~ II I8IIl ane eplsocle 01 pciice abUIIe Gn:n< If'll Vlldez tri8
wno dill tICll 1PPfeCIII1I!he IutQuOrM ano

black pIalIQf.... hi \OOfe in 08f",nce 01 9'_1 He,rOn WU llaod-<:uflecl Oi NorwIlk·b8lecl1he,iM do:clCltlll ~ lIIliIlhe1 eet'-IP$IICI and thO'\Iagrlled on Bt'*"'
_.-.-. ... I ".,.,.

't1l.

LA,. AsCQ Ccnlinued 10 ope,ate as a n<)Ilr'lUClolar fami~, crNWog df....,.;ngs. """a:s. PlIinlings. mixed.media 1ICUIpb.Kes. ~r-a IiIms. and - . : l publk; ~ 01 no 0If'rIDll0I'L Huo'rCleflo ~ l'1le Pl'~ lIOI:*'I in .... ~ and ~ aspKU d Aseo.

On

~2. 197(f"OllIdIIlQsl.Ulnool~-.a

hl,ndn!d '*'*QIIN<eO b'. t r ~ ~ ~ · ~ II"'- cle.:l • EIegr... Ceme!ery in eo,te Heio;I"Q. The ~ _ 1poo1'iO<8d by s.l1-He!p Grapllles ..-.der

1M direelion 01 CaH'Iolic fUl•• The member. 01 ASCll hlKl all e.perie
• ......w...~~~OO/UO'Wlgan~ ITltlIS8IjllI

('g. 3). ErdoMd wiIJI pos:age due ...-. valin • gold ~ lorrNol

00'''''

Del lIS ... UrM<se. g<Mn. ,1irItx)or nssue

paper /IeIo, and . , f.bcl: IP"" vi cbJds: HerrOn IS a Triplarw, c:anwUCllId 0/ COfrugaled C8rOOOilfd with wings !hal lollowed IIle ......-.os 0/ change aod a pllol wt'o was 8f1 "'Itnslon ollhil ftylng weapon: Gamooa u t!'I8 ~18Iackl;!cud, weamg .....led lhn!!lll$ and • llOII d ifItfus/Ve !igNnng: Oren< M me ~ canying the oIlloIl. _ l e d ~dboefll ~and <;amera.. ~ as IIle Aaco Tar*. wiIJI ., opetable gl6IlUfftII.!fW'IKlOfIed on a pM oIlorn'.clab101 kMe-hign. IMl!'Mtf pIaItofm tlools. .. The _ 0issDMd Deal!'llaufl>l<:ll'lySlericelly. Two fT1OfTII8I{pMU.... Floberlo Gil .. Monies and peffofmef F...... noo b'res) waved llOOcHl'f!& as lne lXlI'IlenlS oIlhe efMI!ope were lClfn and eclllered ItCIOst the Caroelet)' lOki 10 many dis-

ll$

ca,ded "'"-

'-_1-'--........

,." -,

appea...,

I1,...

proteslerl _

tho! bY ~"';l!'I riol g.nL Asco HI •

d _ labIe en • tratlic ill", along WIIh • large ruie dOlI. painlingl d tortured corpses. rnom)r" eMin..Iood. drink. and rioIo.4 goests, First SvppeI (AJ~ , MaP Rio/) was perlormall in the midI! 01 rusn.ro..r Irallic (Iig 4~ Instead 01 seMng de$W'. Oren< taped .... lOez and 5andcMllto lIle tl>
_l.. .,

entfapmanl, Yaldez and SandOwl

-

an houf 01

"""'*'

CQfI/Wln d Iooo-r..ck maslung . - Atte<

"

"""*

On oec.ntlef 24, 1974• .-..co on lIle 01 NilQnIlAooolint.e ard ~ ~d. a Iocalicn InII l'1l
walkeCIlrNtq

lrom lhl ViSU8llv i'I1imidallng, \'81 phySlCal~ ....Uk. lengthS 01 lape. Thne two perlormanc:e& _ . (l<)I"oCep(UIltzad and

deIignad b' t!'I8 ~Iphoe ~ 1/'Ial Aseo c:oi'lId h No /IobooOI. ThI purpose 01l1'li flb Iobri8 _ 10 eraa:a P"'*'ll'ap-c~..ooence 10 conobo..... lI'IIlduaIilyvl lIle ~ If'ld - - . II'",*, wiItli'I IN «If'IIexI d rellily. ThI iI'rMgIII_ '" IonpId II'aomant d • conlll'lUCUS aetlon. 1..-iW to lNt 01 an incIMdvallrama 01 a movie.~, no p'lICIding nor IUCCeedirtg "action$" ~ l!'IIl i'nIlg$s eoruned

-..IllinaNo""":Me The~~ ........ 01 eacll No M::Ma cMpenOed en itt .-enoe oIlIld'IitlItion andfOr puIJIic:allon as _ M on lha guIibMy 01 iIs lido

..ca. Tha flb UcMI _lue/aod ~ CO"lCO'I'IilaIItlCI " ~ tNt oc:Ud d'I&nlle ~ prior nat>ea. '" h flb Mc:JN D«or Ganl; War ~ (191.~. dlCeasell jICU'Ig man fGrri) Is Iprawleo:l 1(:_ the n~ 01 I fftM:lenlial Weal" East LA The rigtIt sky Os iIIumin/Ile
iva broedo:asI d KIiJ. TV ~ in 10I Angeles .-.d <;(In.

' ' '.pIn!

damnId as 1 pnma .....-npI8 01 gang vooIonca in rile City 01 Angell Th. cOhesi'lo9f'lllsS 01 trIEI art ll'ouP U 8 eoilolc:~V8 was I'le'>'IIr tully raaliZe8,. _ QII ego Irie1Ion 10 mU>lllI"l a w.-p laW! 01 inIragroup e~ Tha COI'W'IeCtM ~ssue oIlhIllfOUP had originally been lhI Shared "nsa 01 olh&fne&S, Pll$l"vo/Yemenl Wllh jall&r 0.ctr club activitieL '" 0f'90irIll i'rltpleUible CleatMt dMooa. obsc:u<ed CaU>::lliosm. ..... HaIhaI sa,casm, jIOUIII. aIliIiIy 10 d,aw a t1raoghlnlran psycI'Iosis 10 ~ Iniry•..., a _~ l698 10 eonnaa 1t'Ia dclIs bmac b y ~ ~ 1 ~ tl"QIgO.n blasIL '" 197.,

lilt In! n;IOJf'ICI CIt ~, _

Sr.

~ lI91.~

lil1l'ii breakup 01 Aseo

a ~ film wntten and dirK·

lid by Humbel1<) $.tndQ.Ia1 and ~!mId by GllT,boa, was

A5co's I~I n8"81i'1'8 PfOj.eeI." The silent bllCk'8nd-wP'lit& Ii"" d&p;eIS an old lII>opk8&per (Slinao.r81) being drawn into 1flIll in;ric laonlfty 0I1el'!l
no.

II'III/'o:lpkeepef tall dee\:IIy IroubIed slH9 and conbcitO 1 _ _ d perplol>orlg dr.-n Iilullioo"II. In or.

dfeam,. !lUI carries W paswnger-s: a thieI (~ , mQII\ef lV8Idez~ hotr IOf'I--in--I/lOft·pam. (HefrOn~ and

t>er Slep$Of'l·wiln.~t>a INaI mercile~ fOtlI: 1flIll fItniIy 0I1heir canw-..In ~ dfum. I. Claz.:! man CSandoo4I) IItacl • dar!< ~ '" !he INI CIfeIm.. jlCU'lg man l\iemlnl iI neatly Ilabbed bYl man lSandcM/) ~ a b'ok«l bolda. The I'M) men alI_11y d'IaSI each olI'Ier ICfOIt In urbInIcape 1I'II.11flC0fflPllsses 1M 11,ealS,l)uiIdings, and l~S 01 downtown L..... The Chase c\lllTW'lalel 8S both ),nlp inlO t~ HoUenbeck Parl< \.like. The old troop. keepa( is Slanled and Wikel uP~. He goes "'"" 10 lila IT'II!'InllqI.W and IOuI::toeI iI:I t_. '" 1 1!If'IlJICl ~d _ploosis.1hI homIiId ~ . u..-.li.
ftOOll1llr s/'IopI
ror-: IIle ~

lalIves 1flIll shop and rides his tIic\'Clol into l1'li C,adi1" ~ In 1915, Aeco '-""'Clerwent ill own translormation Iron Ir'll,ri.nown M grc:up to Cf'IOIl!'I8l cIIio'l rel="nofollow">&d I certain f'\OIO. rieIy WJ1/l!he masl media and 1r'l'lOI'Illli>a cognoacanri oIlhe Ct>ic:ano Ift~. Oparabng en I nelf-z8I'O budIJllt~"'191Otdidl'lClp'--''''filIIO-C)ko'n alIaClong ~bIlIlaSl<s.Dumo lhe ts::Jl UMW d

1975.1he "AscoziII' tod'libito'I opetWlg receplion en.

an -...:6ance d .-tty one Ito.und ~ Iron the local cOOTllTlrily to lIle r:-. .. ~ Gal!er'/ al Cal SIale, Lot Angales. Tap W111&f, the 0f'I~ a\lllil,blol refrestvnlnt, was p,O'Vide
\lilts,

Disposable

cupt WIlre disposad and CQnsldared 1 lliabll

During the tal oIlIIIl year. Asco and lOS

a.pense.

Foo.w (Of'd.oding

Cat10I AImI.-az. 6110 de II FtlchoI, GiIbet1lu11<\ Frn ~ and JoM Yaladel) jaorIlIy ~ f'lIo' wa-k 81 lila Ponl: G8IIery II"l Sanu. IotncI The Asco 'M)r1
Aleo and loa Four I)eIcaived II rel="nofollow">IIf inl/t(~ riYelry 10 be II an aU·lima high. The~ pe'CIj)100n1 pro.oed 10 be

... -

rrisleadong. By !he ..., 01 1975. Mal had .tawed I<.nc. llCri'Ig as. ~ ~ CON grcup 0110:..-

~

Frem 1916;vo"gn urIy 1987. Moo_ ~ to

soiIllIt lIOCI 00'M changes" ill g;mposilIQI'I. 0I/'Idi0r1, ego lOIe'Inc::I, end CO'm'ltmenllO uncensora<:l e><pr1I$SiOn.

IndMduaIism a~parlded ilS in~uenc:1

Qo.'I'

lhe g,(lllp until

Asco's ool\l:ICtMIm d;eel in 1981.Belore 1980.lre b.rdino mamberI ol Moo oeea$iQnlllly ~'ed 0"lIO ~ ol l'.hibited \Ileif I'l'Qf\<s in an """amed gallery in f'asedana in 1919. Thai..".,. yN( HerrOn. GI'Oflk.aod Gamtloa CreallKllIfId pertormad ~. wnieh _

eo..u

_

.....-._--, ... ....... •.. l ..... _

... _ _

-..._-~

tJeIcn I rnirIrna»f' 1Udierce. WillI lhI atCltw ~ z.Gtlri.. \1e
0Ur1llQ lhll 1~ the orignaI members 01 Asea recc
.nisI.

ongty inlereslld ~ Jlltgal /.MIdIoap4(l980I.1 """al insUaaIicn I>lNb/IO'Illy Her/lln and Grcri<. ..nocn Gamboa curltld. bnlugIlI .............. !rem 1hII QClkl "8 I..a)(' • POP aong wnnen by HertCn eod Gr
Carrillo. f'lo"~ valdez. and o;ane Gamboa altered'''' llWOgn CVIICliousf'ess oIlUdenc:es It'orllugna.lI c.b...., Hl-rry ~'. WH!o conc:eptual dr_ bn:ughI ICgIItIer Ihe fI'II/Orily ollhe ondiYicIuaIs wh;o _ _ U'Ic' llCri'Ig PI
o.ane

Conr~aryE>InibIIions (VC£) .. doo.oI-.

""--

In 1985. Gronk and W1llIa Her/lln eonl,ibuled ondMdual inllallatbr'!s to hi Museur'llol ~ary Art's 100000porary COI'llomporary museum e.tlobi1ioo1 spaciI Gtor>k pa"'ltO it'nages 01 >denlj""ble ocon. onlO !hi inlerior walls ollhll trlI.UI.O'I'1. ~ painleo rapet1 ceiling oIlha rnuseo.m. 80Ih

lIr1JIlS perbmad Gronk pre$e(UQ A.fortwlg Bec:orles £c1Idic. perlormed by ~ ptrIOfII.Iized..-mbiIJ n He,tCn he'd a rock concert. PI'foorned by too laegals Also in 1985, Gwnt>o.a Wrol• ..l9lt... ~ Jin." conctplual d'ama !ocusing on IflI doolY'ied pa.'ly 01. ratany i~. so.AclGaI.1riQdlt~ ;eKtr. wIlicl'l Gron< (JtllerJ and Hurl1l:Ie1o ~ (No:JpfII pa
_

"'\I' _ _ " , - " , _ --."

. ...............

_,......,.e.-,"._

",-..,a-. ............,.,.,. .......a... _,~

"*'"'*.

"1.0.-.'-_ 0.-__.......... .....,.,_

-a~dil'Iertt'llpMhs_Asco~IO"'"

.a~~cMng!he~d

IsIIIarN II LACE en Mateh 28. 1981_~ In !he 19E!Os lIltrt _ no oasis in lilt urban de..,t

-

_J_

)TfS

"'_ .... -.....d .b._"'_ __....

$.ecr.;,..L_.~"''''~s..,.O'_''

_Soany uot._ _ .. ...... " " - ...

20.'IJ'O, ... I.h _ _ .. '"

"O><'lIl~_

~0tt00Ilye---

--' ___

El MurxlO Femenlno: ChIcana. Artlsts of the MavementA Commentary On Development and Production

- . ........ 1. ' - '

~eoo_'lao"'-

...... Go
... 1;»0_ "&.l.A.-U~.

'_",__

.....0.:-,..,•. '

'l'Io,OlIbr"'l<>o~"­

_ .. ... - ._ _a..:.-_a . _ _ """""",ooc-.", '-').11

:;o<_--.ee....-.....

US e-...... ... 0",,1Iort'a

'O:>1'"'~_"bof~"",,~

. . n._..

c=ooo- "1llI. ,..,.

.•e'11II- ._11 -..._de....... l IONIQIOl e .a--, ..... _Ool .... ~'

-""'- ....-..".,

_"'\lDO

..eg.Torw.·_S--_

;.0

N'}"1'b<-,. ...

s..,.~

_ _ .................

"""1' ('I14J Or-_ ,. e.-; 'IVI. "

-.:yo-."'4",s.>- "","'UU

1O_~(loo

z..-_---.......,a..-__ __ ....

vo'n llIO ........ e-..,t--. 1IIn•. $

h

,.--_ ..,._ .. ,--._e-_ . . ..-, ~"'.O_'O

Gococl ....

«>< ....... ~"'~' o-r- _ _.-. ~O .. '.,.

_l..-

......d e - - . . , ..... l.oo""'ooloo._11If$.

Lnoo_,.. ,.,.

_·'*9'_e.....

.................. _ . ~ D r o o ~

-.q·a.r-~

-'GIII9O _____......... 211""G
r Goru. o..;,.,J

Cultural ~Iot..-..tlOn teqUiffl . . tllCPlIIlSO'l 01

MIIhIIic:~.

in h -elliot I'IlIW CO'lC~ 10 de«ribs ............·s b
'"*

'"*

..., teJncel'ns ~ Ihepe .". Wllll< 01

enc- .-tills" ....... .".

neans br w!j(;h !hew issues c:ot-.ce •

..,.......n

SPKiI\Cily 01 ~

Hefcag.. orign./amly _ _ ..., oAInIlQCtOCes ,..,. deep

...... 1I'W~oIer...naChc.--'-~
CO'IrU'if)I roles Itwy .... ultwymigralto, ~..:IU­

c&ed. ..., inleo-&:I ..:tr> .,.. aAIln..., .... a.tgeo- soe.ry Thw.oo.al roles ... often 11'I CO'llIiel. MlrisuaI ....:lOU . . . 1TIU'bpl& !tid CllO'\'¥lOUd rJ snitbng ~s 01

10""""

mearIng- TNs!TUllJPlS!tId _ . NWiclrlsnip tlel-.b'm ..., ocr>len! 1he_oIl!'>1!se ;U1JIIS dIIriI'lg Itoe ~ _
I'OsIoieaI '"""""" in whoefIltwy b.nd 1hIImsIIIVn• • sucn•• re!lllcIs .. intentIOn llOfn 01 uroderstand 1I'W _1r>elic ptoducllOn 01 C1loclInu. II'UIl pa...,. 1hI!. cul:utal ~ rills I\IIIOlil* 11........00... ThlI ~ ~ lo:llbwO"9 lIl& .....0-19601 Mill . . er. in wnieh •• soughl 10 define !tlemseIIIas and lQ uncIet$lill'd ic¥lOS .!so lueled the tesiS1at'C. SO Cl\llrKleo-,1llie d ChicMo and CrocIona .rt

er.c.no.

TliE CHICANA FOCUS ON CULT1JRA1. lOENnTY DurinQ the CfIic_~, ehe ....II.r'lCf 01 Chic_ to the culI... al O\lll<,,$siQtl d lIl& majority WlIS "",IC/led by lheir rSS
and com'",""ly SlrlJClUl'u

"

-

lR£<.·1UJI

131