Hyperthermia & Hypothermia.pptx

HYPERTHERMIA & HYPOTHERMIA

HYPERTHERMIA  A condition where the body produces or absorbs heat more than it can dissipate  May be caused by: • Increase in air temperature • Solar or reflected radiation • Poor ventilation in clothing • Low fitness level • Excess bulk or reduced ratio of skin area to body mass

HEAT CRAMPS  Usually happen during heavy activity in hot environments  Painful, involuntary muscle spasms (more intense than the typical nighttime leg cramp)  Happens when the muscles accumulate excessive lactic acid or a loss of fluid and electrolyte through perspiration

HEAT CRAMPS WHAT MUST BE DONE?  Cool down and replenish loss electrolyte through clear sports drink  Gently stretch and massage affected muscle group  Do not resume the strenuous activity and rest until cramps go away  Take salt pill with water at the start of specific muscle pain

HEAT EXHAUSTION  When water is insufficient for the body’s demand in a particular outdoor activity, the body becomes dehydrated and salt-depleted  Results in: • Nausea • Faintness • Weak rapid pulse • Cold and sweaty skin  First aid similar to what is administered in case of heat cramps

HEAT STROKE  Most serious degree of hyperthermia  Emergency should be sought when the person: • Losses consciousness • Becomes disoriented • Pulse rate suddenly becomes fast • Seizures • Has warm, red, dry skin, and body temperature above 103℉ • Reduced sweating

HEAT STROKE FIRST AID (while help is on the way): o Remove the person from heat exposure and cool him/her by whatever means available. Fan air to increase cooling o Do not give the person anything to drink if the person is not alert or vomiting o Treat the symptoms.  If with seizures, keep the person safe from injury.  If vomiting, turn the person on the side to keep airway open.

HYP0THERMIA  Occurs when the body chills faster than the body’s ability to produce heat due to exposure to cold, wet, and/or windy weather  Not taking enough energy-producing food and not having proper clothing speeds up hypothermia.  Generally occurs in temperatures of less than 35℃

HYP0THERMIA  Symptoms include: • Numbness • Uncontrollable shivering that muscles begin to stiffen and become uncoordinated • Skin turns bluish • Pulse and respiration slow down • Victim does not respond or becomes unconscious

HYP0THERMIA  Emergency should be sought when the person: • Shows confusion, memory loss, or slurred speech • Body temperature drops below 35℃ (95℉) • Loss of consciousness • Shallow breathing

HYP0THERMIA FIRST AID (must be administered quickly) o Move the person to a sheltered area and restore warmth slowly o Remove wet clothes and replace with dry clothes o Wrap with blankets or sleeping bag o Exhale warm air near the vicinity of the patient’s mouth and nose

HYP0THERMIA FIRST AID (must be administered quickly) o Note that rapid warming can cause heart arrhythmia so it is advised not to immerse the person in warm water.  Warm person’s trunk first – not the hands and feet – as warming extremities first can cause shock

HYP0THERMIA FIRST AID (must be administered quickly) o Find ways for the victim to stay conscious o Begin CPR if necessary and continue until emergency personnel arrive

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