Hypertension. Prepared By:lodhi. Dow Univ Of Health N Sciences.

ASSIGNMENT PRESENTED TO: DR. MANZAR HASSAN

TOPIC: HYPERTENSION PREPARED BY: FARAH IQBAL LODHI SALIHA HANIF HIRA TARIQ SYEDA FATIMA SAFDER

Areas of presentation       

Blood pressure & its normal values Definition of hypertension Classification of hypertension Types of hypertension Complications Risk factors cure

BLOOD PRESSURE:Blood pressure is the measurement of the amount of pressure exerted by blood on the walls of vessels. It consists of two components:  Systolic  Diastolic

SYSTOLIC: Is the pressure which occurs when the ventricles are contract, is the highest pressure against the vessel wall. DIASTOLIC: Is the pressure which occurs when the ventricles are relaxed, is the lowest pressure against the vessel wall. NORMAL VALUES:Systolic: 120-130 mmHg Diastolic: 80-85 mmHg

DEFINITION OF HYPERTENSION:Hypertension is the term used to defined the elevated blood pressure i.e. the blood pressure reading greater than 140 over 90 mmHg is called Hypertension.

CLASSIFICATION OF HYPERTENSION:Hypertension can be classified as:  

Primary Hypertension Secondary Hypertension

PRIMARY HYPERTENSION:It is also called ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION. This condition has no identifiable cause (idiopathic). Different factors increase bl. Pressure in different people. It accounts for 95% of the cases of high B.P.

SECONDARY HYPERTENSION:It is diagnosed when high B.P is caused by any specific disease in one's body organ or system like:  Renal failure  Endocrinal disorder. It accounts for 5% of the high B.P cases.

TYPES OF HYPERTENSION:      

Hypertensive Emergency Hypertensive Urgency Acute Hypertensive episode Transient hypertension Induced pregnancy hypertension Pulmonary artery hypertension Malignant hypertension

HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCY:If the blood pressure is higher than normal with target organ dysfunction like  Disorder of cerebrospinal function  Renal failure etc Then this type of hypertension is called Hypertensive emergency.

HYPERTENSIVE URGENCY:It is sudden rise in B.P but with out target organ dysfunction.

ACUTE HYPERTENSIVE EPISODE:It is sudden rise in B.P i.e. systolic>180 and diastolic>110 mmHg with out any sign and symptom.

TRANSIENT HYPERTENSION:Always hypertension that is related with some other cause like cocaine or alcohol with drawl.. Is termed as transient hypertension.

INDUCED PREGNANCY HYPERTENSION It occurs in 12-22% of the pregnancy cases. When hypertension usually occurs after 20th week of pregnancy which may cause serious complications to the mother and baby both.

PULMONARY ARTERY HYPERTENSION:It occurs when pressure in the pulmonary artery increases above normal and may affect the heart.

MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION:It is characterized by the sudden onset of severely elevated B.P which can be life threatening.

COMPLICATIONS HYPERTENSION CAUSES:

INCREASE AFTER LOAD

ARTERIAL DAMAGE

ARTERIAL DAMAGE: THERE ARE TWO TYPES :

ACCELERATED ATHEROSCLEROSIS

WEAKEND VESSEL WALL

ACCELERATED ATHEROSCLEROSIS It is a disease affecting inner lining of arteries (cunical intima) in which deposition of fatty substance build up.

.

Atherosclerosis will Effect on:

Coronary artery

Coronary vessels

aorta

CORONARY ARTERY COMPLICATION:Myocardial Infarction: Death of tissues due to inadequate blood supply commonly due to obstruction of blood vessels.

CORONARY VESSELS COMPLICATION:  

Ischemia Infarction Stroke

Ischemia: Restriction in blood supply. Infarction: Death of tissue due to inadequate blood supply

Stroke: Stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to disturbance in the blood supply.

COMPLICATION OF AORTA:AORTIC Aneurysm: Dilatation of arteries.

Weakness of vessel wall effect on :

Ophthalmic

Renal vessel

Cerebral vessel

Aorta

OPTHALMIC COMPLICATION:Retinopathy: non-inflammatory damage in retina

RENAL COMPLICATION:Renal Failure: The kidney fail to function adequately.

CEREBRAL VESSEL COMPLICATION:



Stroke AORTA COMPLICATION Aneurysm

INCREASE AFTER LOAD WILL EFFECT ON :

SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION

LEFT VENTICULAR HYPERTROPHY

INCREASE MYOCARDIAL OXYGEN DEMAND

SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION COMPLICATION: 

Heart Failure: It occurs when there is some problem with the structure or function of the heart.

LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY COMPLICATION: Diastolic Dysfunction: Heart becomes stiff and does not relax normally.

MYOCARDIAL OXYGEN DEMAND COMPLICATION: Myocardial Infarction:Death of tissues due to inadequate blood supply commonly due to obstruction of blood vessels.

RISK FACTORS:AGE:Older age increases the risk of hypertension HEREDITY:Chances are greater if one has it in his family history. GENDER:Men are at higher risk.

OTHER FACTORS: OBESITY:If an adult middle age person i.e. woman has wgt >65 and man has>70 kg then they have more chances to develop hypertension.

PHYSICAL INACTIVITY:Persons who are not active and lazy develop this disease.

ALCOHOL ABUSE:More the use of alcohol, more the chances of hypertension will develop. STRESS:Tension and depression play important role to develop hypertension

TWO ADDITIONAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT WOMEN: 

Pregnancy



Birth control pills

TREATMENT:BY MEDICATIONS:  

Diuretics Beta blockers ACE inhibitors etc

LIFE STYLE CHANGING:

Loss excess weight



Avoid stress

•Cut intake of alcohol & drugs

•Daily exercise •Eating healthy food

THANK YOU