How Speech Sounds Are Made

Lecture 2

How speech sounds are made

Organs of speech 3 major systems: articulatory system phonatory system respiratory system

Head Throat Chest

Respiratory system z

Eggresive pulmonic airstream –

z

Most common way speech sounds are made

Ingressive pulmonic airstream –

Used for non speech sounds e.g. gasping

–

Some speech sounds uses this too e.g. clicks in Zulu

Phonatory system z z

Trachea (windpipe) Larynx (voice box) – –

Vocal cords: voicing (phonation) Glottis (opening between the vocal folds)

Q:What glottal settings do you need for: a) voiceless sounds b) voiced sounds c) a glottal stop A: in textbook

Q: What are the different glottal settings for different voice quality ? z z z z

Voice Whisper Breathy Creaky

Listen to Track 7 A: in textbook Q: Why do we care about these different voice qualities? (for discussion) z

Articulatory system z

Resonating cavities: – – –

z

Throat (pharyngeal cavity) Mouth (oral cavity) Nose (nasal cavity)

Analogy to wind instruments

Exercise on page 39

z

Let’s go over this

Articulatory system Major Articulators: 1. Lips: 2. Tongue: 3. Teeth/ Jaw 4. Velum 5. Tongue Root 6. Larynx (phonatory system) Speech sounds are made with a combination of articulators

Online resources

University of Iowa anatomy diagram sound and symbol matching step-by-step description of how speech sounds are made