Hormones Of Thyroid And Parathyroid Gland

Hormones of Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland

Thyroid Gland 

Hormones of thyroid gland regulate the metabolism of the body

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Also effect the growth and development of the body

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The only endocrine gland in the body that is capable of storing appreciable amount of hormone

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Thyroid glands contains the element iodine

Hormones of the Thyroid Glands 

Triiodothyronine (T3) and the Thyroxine (T4)

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T3 is the major active form of the thyroid hormone and 3-5 times as biologically active as

T4

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Calcitonin- produce by the C cells in the thyroid gland

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Prevents the blood calcium ion concentration in the body from rising above the required level

Thyroxine

Hypothyroidism 

Condition in which thyroid gland does not manufacture sufficient thyroxine for the body’s need Usually cause by lack of iodine in the diet It may also due to a disease of the thyroid gland

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Symptoms

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Sluggishness, weight gain, slower heart beat ,reduced metabolic rate ,and loss of appetite

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Cretinism 

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If the thyroid gland fail to develop in an infant, in individual is called cretin. Cretins have greatly retarded growth, both physically and mentally They usually abnormal dwarves w/ coarse hair, thick dry skin abd are obese with protruding abdomens

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They are also underdeveloped mentally and sexually.

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If thyroid gland atrophy after individual reaches adulthood, same symptoms in cretinism except individual remains adult size

Person’s with Cretinism

Simple Goiter  

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Also called colloid goiter or endemic goiter Condition which thyroid gland enlarges, usually because lack of iodine in the diet Decreased production of Thyroid hormone causes an increased production of TSH Accompanied by an increase in the colloid material in the thyroid gland and also an increase in the size of the neck

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Simple goiter affects more females than males

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Hashimoto’s disease -type hypothyroidism in which all aspect of thyroid function may be impaired

Person with Goiter

Hyperthyroidism 

Occurs when the thyroid gland produces excess thyroxine

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Symptoms: Incresed in metabolic rate, bulging of the eye, nervousness, loss of weight,a rapid irregular heartbeat and elevated body temperature. Hyperthyroidism may also due to a tumor in the thyroid gland

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Hormones of the Parathyroid Gland

The Parathyroid Gland

Hormones of the Parathyroid Gland 

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Parathyroid hormone-influences the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the body Parathyroid gland cannot store this hormone, so the hormone is synthesized and secreted continuously Hypoparathyroidism-surgical removal of the parathyroid gland Symptoms-muscular weakness, irritability and tetany Symptoms of hypoparathyroidism can be treated with Vitamin D or calcium salts or both

Hyperparathyroidism 

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An increase in the production of hormones by the parathyroid gland Usually cause by tumor of those gland (parathyroid adenoma) Symptoms-decalcification of the bones, deformation and fracture of the bones, nausea and polyuria Hyperparathyroidism is usually treated by the surgical removal of the tumor of the parathyroid gland