History Of Mma Part 4

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uJ uJ tck a'gufwmOD;csefwdwf udpö a&mufaeNyD r[kwfvm; .. [kwfygw,f .. raeYuawmif rsufpda&m*gukynmtzGJUu Ouú| a&mufvmNyD; olwkdY rsufpda&m*gukynmtzGJU orkdif;aMumif;twGuf tcsuftvufawG vmar;oGm;ao;w,f .. aMomf olwkdYvJ ordkif;a&;MuawmhrSmwJhvm; .. uJ uJ vkdufrSwfawmh .. OD;csefwdwfu rsufpdtxl;ukq&m0efBuD; .. 1893 rSmarG;NyD; 1961 ckrSm Ouú|jzpfw,f qkdawmh tJ'DtcsdefrSm olYtouf 68 ESpf jzpfaeNyD .. ol uG,fvGefawmh touf 85 ESpf &SdNyD olvJ awmfawmf tvkyfvkyfcJhwmayghaemf .. tao;pdwfawG b,fawmh ajymrvJ[if .. at; rif;u Ouú| tpOftqufukd ajym qkdvkdY tpOfvkduf ajymaewmavuGm .. tao;pdwfu aemufrS ESpftvkduf ajymr,f .. tck Ouú|awGukd rif;odvG,fatmif ajymaewm .. OD;csdefwdwfNyD;awmh b,fol jzpfvmvJ .. aemufwufwJh Ouú|u a'gufwmOD;a&TZH .. orm;awmfBuD;yJ .. at;Asm tckxd usKyfajymaewJhtxJrSm tJ'Dtcsdefu tpkd;&u oD;jcm; *kPfjyKay;cJhwJh oD&dysHcsD .. pnfol .. tJ'DbGJUawG rajymawmhbl; .. awmfawmfMum rjynfhpHkcJh&if usKyf tjypfwifcHae&OD;r,f .. OD;a&TZHu emrnfukd Munhf½HkeJY &ckdifom;rSef; odNyD;om; r[kwfvm; .. ppfawGom;As .. 1908 rSmarG;NyD; 1962 rSm Ouú| jzpfwm qkdawmh tJ'DtcsdefrSm touf 54 yJ &Sdao;w,f .. tJ'Dq&mBuD;vJ aq;wyf wm0ef,lcJhbl;awmh ume,f a&TZH qkdNyD; vlodrsm;cJhw,f .. aemufykdif;rSm &efukef aq;ausmif;&JU aq;ynmXme ygarmu©vkyfcJhw,f .. 1963 rSm apmapmykdif;u ajymcJhwJh arhaq;q&m0efBuD; a'gufwmOD;wif Ouú|jyefjzpfw,f .. ESpf rukefcifrSmyJ uG,fvGefcJhvkdY rsufpdq&m0efBuD; aemufwpfOD;jzpfwJh a'gufwmOD;ukdBuD; u wm0ef,lcJhw,f .. olUtaBumif; tjynfhtpHk aemufrS ajymjyr,f .. rsufpda&m*gynmtzGJUu pkpnf;aewJh rSwfwrf;udk usKyf tm½HkjyKvkduf&if cifAsm;ukd jyefajymjyEdkifvdrfhr,f .. tckawmh usKyfu 'D toif;eJY wkduf½kduf ywfoufwmyJ ajymEdkifOD;r,f .. OD;ukdBuD;u 1914 ckrSm arG;awmh

Ouú| jzpfwJhtcsdefrSm touf 49 ESpfyJ &Sdao;w,f .. i,fi,fav;aemf .. olvJ rsufpdeJYywfoufwm OD;csdefwdwfvkdyJ awmfawmfrsm;rsm; vkyfoGm;cJhw,f .. rsufpd txl;ukbmom&yfoifwef; zGihfzkdY .. rsufcrf;pyf a&m*gwkdufzsufa&; pjzpfvmzkdY ...pwmawG ..vkyfcJhw,f .. olNyD;awmh 1964 rSm b,fol Ouú| jzpfvmvJ .. 'Dwpfcg jzpfvmwmu pMumaq;cef; emrnfeJY wGJNyD; emrnfBuD;cJhwJh a'gufwm boef; .. pMumboef;vkdY q&m0efavmurSm emrnfBuD;w,f .. olu taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; oufwrf; &SnfcJhvkdY vlykdodw,f . . tckxd *syefq&m0eftoif;uae aq;*sme,fawGukd Dr. Ba Than (Setkya) General Secretary, Myanmar Medical Association qkdNyD; vdyfrlNyD; ykdYaewkef; .. 'Dtoif;uvJ vuf&Sd taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;emrnf jyefay;wmyJ 'gayr,fh tckxd 'DemrnfeJYyJ ykdYaewkef; .. tJ'Davmuftxd emrnf &SdcJhw,f .. olu rif;bl;om; .. 1913 ckrSm arG;w,f qkdawmh Ouú|jzpfcsdefrSm 51 ESpfyJ &Sdao;w,f .. oefvsifa&eHcsufpuf½HkrSm q&m0ef vkyfcJhao; w,f .. ESpftvkdufajym&if cifAsm; olUtaMumif; ykdodvmvdrfhr,f .. tckawmh enf;enf;csif; ajymjywm .. rpkdYrykdY vkyfjyefNyD .. cifAsm;yJ Ouú| tpOftqufajymEdkif&if b,favmufay;r,f .. bm nm eJYajymNyD;awmh .. uJ qufem;axmif .. Mum;jzwf taESmifht,Sufay;&if cifAsm;udk tdyfr&atmif ajcmufzkdY wm0ef,lvkdufawmhr,f .. atmifr,fav; .. tdyfr&atmifawmh em;axmifyghr,f ..

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..

em;axmifqkd

1965 rSmaemuf rwlwJh bmom&yfu q&m0efOD;wpfa,muf jzpfvmjyefa&m .. olu a&m*gaA' q&m0efBuD; a'gufwmcifarmif0if; vkdY emrnfwGifw,f .. rEÅav;om; .. 1920 rSm arG;w,f .. bkdacsm acsmw,fvkdY ajymvkdY &w,f .. tom;av;ukdazG;aewm .. "gwfyHkxJrSmqkd&if t*Fg½kyfu aumvdyf*sifae0if;vkdvkd bmvkdvkdeJY .. ("gwfyHkukd Munhfyg) tpGJtvef; odyfBuD;wJh b0rSm olrsm;awG um;opfBuD;awG trsdK;rsdK; pD;aeayr,fh olu aooGm;wJhtxd zifrvD,mav;yJ pD;w,f .. a&m*gaA'bmom&yfukd EdkifiHjcm;bGJU yxrqHk;&wJh vl jzpfovkd orm;awmfbGJUeJY a&m*gaA'yg½*lbGJU yl;wGJ &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; &xm;olvJjzpfw,f .. aemufvlawG usKyf rodEdkifvkdY &Sm;&Sm; yg;yg;vkdY ajymwm .. olUtcsdefrSmawmh ol wpfOD;wnf;yJ &Sdwm .. Ouú| jzpfwJhtcsdefrSm touf 45 ESpfyJ &Sdao;w,f .. 1966 ckrSm ppfukdif;om; a'gufwmOD;at; u Ouú| jzpfvmw,f .. ol Ouú| jzpfwJh tcsdefrSm aq;wuúodkvf (2) &JU ygarmu©csKyf jzpfaew,f ..

rl&if;uawmh .. ZD0ur®aA' txl;jyK eJY pcJhw,f .. aemufykdif;rSm orm;awmfvkdif;ukd a&mufoGm;w,f .. aq;ausmif;rSm pmoifw,f .. ygarmu©csKyfjzpfwJhtcsdefrSm Ouú|jzpfawmh touf 56 ESpf &SdaeNyD .. touf 63 ESpfrSm uG,fvGefcJhw,f .. OD;at; NyD;awmh 1967 rSm wufvmwJh q&m0efu .. a'gufwma&mfe,fvGif vkdY vJ ac:w,f .. (tckacwfrSm acwfpm;wJh pDa&mfe,f'kd? a&mfe,f'ifndKwkdYawmh r[kwfcJhbl;) a'gufwmOD;pHvGif wJh &efukefom; .. orm;awmfBuD; jzpfw,f .. aq;wuúodkvfrSm aq;ynmygarmu© jzpfw,f .. Ouú|jzpfwJhtcsdefrSm touf 48 ESpfyJ &Sdao;w,f .. touf i,fi,fav;yJ .. rif;qkd&if tcg 51 ESpf&SdaeNyD .. bmjzpfao;vdkYvJ .. rxifeJYaemf uRefawmfu wkdufom,ma&;aumfrwDrSm rvkyfcsifvkdYawmif a&SmifaewJhvlAs ..

Ouú|

at;yg rif;ukd aemufwmyg .. rif;tdrfrSmawmh rif; Ouú| r[kwfvm; .. [m; [m; rSm;oGm;jyefNyD .. wpfcg .. uRefawmfhrdef;ru Ouú| As .. (wpfu,f rxifeJY .. aemufwm ..) OD;pHvGifNyD;awmh 1968 ckrSm a'gufwmarmifarmifoef; .. Ouú| jzpfvmw,f .. tJ'DtcsdefrSm wyfrawmf aq;0efxrf;nTefMum;a&;rSL; &mxl;eJYqkdawmh .. ume,f armifarmifoef;vkdY trsm;u rSwfrdMuw,f .. olvJ rEÅav;om;yJ .. 1916 ckrSm arG;awmh 52 ESpfrSm Ouú|jzpfwm .. wyfu qkdawmh wyfaq;½HktESHU wm0ef,lcJh&w,f .. touf 77 ESpfrSm uG,fvGefcJhw,f .. rif;rSwfrdrSmyg .. uefawmhcH q&m0efBuD;pm&if;rSm ygcJhw,fav .. ume,f armifarmifoef;NyD;awmh 1969 rSm usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xmeu .. a'gufwmOD;azusif Ouú| jzpfvmw,f .. tck 'kwd,Ouú| ygarmu©OD;cifarmifat; &JU a,mu©raygh .. aemufykdif; aq;wuúodkvf (1) &JY ygarmu©csKyfjzpfcJhw,f .. q&mBuD;vJ touf 83 ESpfrSmrS uG,fvGefawmh uefawmhcHpm&if; 0ifcJhw,f .. olu awmifilom;As .. rif;BuD;ndKtqufvm; .. ewfoQifaemf tqufvm;awmh rodbl;aygh .. aemufwpfa,mufusawmh usKyf odyf rrSwfrdbl; .. olYyHkawmif a&;a&;av;yJ rSwfrdw,f .. a'gufwmOD;atmif odef;wJh 1971-72 ESpfESpfqufwkduf wm0ef,lcJhw,f .. olu tkyfcsKyfa&;bufu .. &efukefaq;½HkBuD; aq;½Hktkyf jzpfaewJhtcsdefrSm Ouú| jzpfcJhNyD; tJ'DtcsdefrSmyJ usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme&JU nTefBum;a&;rSL;csKyf jzpfoGm;w,f .. tJ'D aygif;wnfom; q&mBuD;u Ouú|jzpfcsdefrSm touf 49 ESpf &SdNyD .. NrdKUawG awmfawmfrsm;rsm; wm0efxrf;aqmif cJhwm .. ol uG,fvGefawmh 65 ESpfyJ &Sdao;w,f .. olYtaMumif;ukd olUXmerSm ar;Munhf&if &rSmayghaemf ..

usKyfvJ 'DvkdyJ xifw,f .. 'gayr,fh olYrSwfwrf; &SdEdkifr,fh Xmeu tck txuft&yfukd ajymif;oGm;awmh usKyf wefckd;u tJ'Dukd vSrf;rjrif &awmhbl; .. rMumcif ajymjyEdkifatmifvkdY avcRefewfukd Munhfcdkif;vkdufr,f .. tJ .. aemufwpfOD;uvJ 1973-74 ESpfESpf wm0ef,lcJhw,f .. cGJpdwfq&m0efBuD;aygh .. olvJ &ckdif ausmufjzLom; .. Ouú|jzpfwJhtcsdefrSm touf 47 ESpfyJ &Sdao;wm .. tJ'DtcsdefrSm aq;wuúokdvf (1) &JU cGJpdwfXmerSm aq;vufawGUygarmu©yJ &Sdao;w,f .. aemufykdif; aq;wuúodkvf (2) rSm XmerSL;jzpf .. ajrmufOuúvmy aq;½Hktkyfjzpf .. aemufqHk; aq;odyÜHynmOD;pD;Xme&JU nTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyftxd jzpfcJhwm .. touf 61 ESpfrSm uG,fvGefoGm;w,f .. t&ifq&mBuD;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u touf&SnfMuw,faemf .. aMomf touf &Snfjcif; r&Snfjcif;u olwkdY&JU twdwfuH ygao;w,fav .. 1975-76 usawmh tqufquf b@ma&;rSL;oufwrf; tawmfMumMumvkyfcJhwJh om;zGm;rD;,yftxl;ukq&m0efrBuD; a'gufwma':vSMunf jzpfvmw,f .. aemufykdif;vlawGuawmh tarBuD;vkdY ajym&if ykdodMuw,f .. axmifaxmifarmif;armif; wkwf wkwfckdifckdif .. pum;oH MoMoeJY .. 'kdufOD;ol .. olYukd 'kdufOD;u odyf tav;xm;Muw,f .. 52 ESpfrSm Ouú| jzpfvmwm .. ynma&;zufrSma&m .. vlrIa&;zufrSmyg xl;cRefcJhw,f .. om;zGm;rD,yfynm wkd;wufa&;ukd awmfawmf vkyfcJhw,f .. pdwf"gwfjywfom;wmuawmh tJ'Dtcsdefukd rDwJhvlwkdif; odMuw,f .. 'Dwpfacgufawmh 'DrSm usKyfudk,fwkdif em;r,f .. EdkYr[kwf&if rif; aps;qpfwm cH&OD;rSm .. ½TD; .. (jrifuGif;u aysmufoGm;a&m) .. (wDtrftkd)