History Notes 3.1

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-Jamestown colonists a. Jamestown colonists endured many terrible hardships. b. The site of the colony had malaria-carrying mosquitoes and made the colonists very sick. c. The water from the river made many people sick. d. The London Company told them there was gold, but here was none. Instead of building homes and growing foods, they spent all their time searching for gold.

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-colonists a. The colonists had many hardships, such as weather. b. They lived in misery: “There were never Englishmen left in a foreign country in such misery we as we were in this newly discovered Virginia.” Jamestown Grows

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16> Indentured servants

-John Smith a. By the year 1608, only 38 colonists were alive. b. John Smith took control. c. He said, “He that will not work shall not eat.” This method worked. d. He put a wall around Jamestown and persuaded the Powhatan tribe to trade corn. e. In 1609, Smith was injured, and returned to England. f. The same year, 800 more settlers arrived. -colonists a. The Powhatan stopped trading food because of the growing tension. b. The Powhatans attacked the settlers. c. The colonists ate rats, mice, and snakes during the “starving time.” d. 60 colonists were alive when ships arrived in 1610. e. Lord De La Warr ended “starving time”and imposed discipline. -tobacco a. John Rolfe developed a high-grade tobacco which colonists learned to grow. b. The tobacco was a good success. c. Virginia company thought of colonists as employees, colonists however, wanted a share of profits. -settlers a. The colonists got their own land; and for people who can pay his/her way into the colony got 50 acres or land. b. In 1619, the first African-Americans arrived in Jamestown. c. The population grew from 600 people in 1619 and over 2000 in 1621.

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-burgesses/colonists Standards: 8.1 a. Colonists were annoyed at the strict rule. b. The burgesses would meet once a year for local control. The first representative assembly in the American colonies

Early Colonies Have Mixed Success

House of Burgesses

Conflicts with the Powhatan

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-English/Powhatan a. Powhatan traded food with colonists up until many more colonists arrived and wanted land. b. John Rolfe<English> married Pocahontas in 1614 to improve relations between the English and Powhatans.

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-colonists/Powhatan a. There was uneasy peace. b. Colonists learned to grow corn, catch fish, and capture fowl from the Powhatans. c. The tobacco took up the Powhatans land. d. In 1622, the Powhatans killed many colonists.

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Bacon’s Rebellion

Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676 -colonists a. Colonists fought the NAs and one another. b. 1670s, ¼ of free white men were former indentured servants. c. Poor settlers lived on the west, where they fought NAs for land. -Nathaniel Bacon a. Nathaniel Bacon and landless settlers opposed Governor William Berkeley. b. Complained about high taxes and favoritisms towards large plantation owners. c. Bacon wanted war; Berkeley refused which caused Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676. A revolt against powerful colonies authority in Jamestown by Nathaniel Bacon and a group of landless frontier settlers that resulted in the burning of Jamestown in 1676

22> -Bacon’s Rebellion a. Bacon burned Jamestown to the ground. b. Bacon’s illness ended the rebellion. c. Berkeley hung Bacon’s followers; because of that, King James was angered and called the governor to England. d. Passed law to prevent a royal governor from assuming such power again.

Grace Park Period: 7 3.1

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The English Plan Colonies -The English a. England had no colonies. b. After the Spanish Armada in 1588, England began directing resources toward establishing colonies.

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-Richard Hakluyt a. Hakluyt urged England to start colonies. b. Colonies would provide a market, serve as a source of raw material, hoped to increase trade, and more gold, and thought it would bring back protestant faith in the Americas.

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-Early English Colonists a. English colonists went to America for economic opportunities. b. Gold mines lured them to leave and escaped religious persecutions.

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Joint-stock company 8>

Two Early Colonies Fail -Raleigh a. Raleigh was a soldier, statesman, and adventurer. b. He named his first colony Virginia after unmarried, or virgin, queen. c. Colony began in 1585 on Roanoke Island. -White/Raleigh a. In 1587, John White convinced Raleigh to reestablish the Roanoke Colony b. Historians believe that colonists mingled and/or killed by the NAs. -Plymouth Company a. 1607 Plymouth Company sponsored the Sagadahoc Colony. a. arguments, harsh winter, fights, and food shortages made colonists return to England. -Raleigh a. Raleigh financed in Roanoke. b. Colony failed then lost investment. c. To earn money, Raleigh turned to the joint-stock company. People who put money into a project to earn profits.

Charter -merchants a. Merchants organized Virginia Company of London and Plymouth. b. In 1606, King James I of England granted charters to both companies. A written contract, issued by a government, giving the holder the right to establish a colony.