History Id's Chapter 2 Junior

Martin LutherWho: A German monk What: Initiated the Protestant reformation When: shortly after 1492 Where: Western Europe Why: he wanted a change in religion John CalvinWho: a Frenchman What: reformed Christian communities around the select few that he believed had been chosen by god to be saved (Calvinism) When: 1500s Where: France Why: religious reformers from all over Europe came to take part in Calvinism Henry 8thWho: King of England What: declared himself head of the Church of England When: mid 1500s Where: England Why: moved in the protestant direction New Netherland- (73) Who/What: the mid-Atlantic area controlled by the Dutch When: 1624 Where: mouth of the Hudson River Why: good way to take over more land William Penn-(78) Who: An English Quaker that led the Quakers in the New World What: Established “West Jersey” (former New Netherlands) -Settlers guaranteed freedom of religion and trial by jury When: 1670’s and 80’s

Where: Current Pennsylvania Why: offered a peaceful co-existence for people from all religions and national backgrounds Quakers: Who: inhabitants from Pennsylvania What: peaceful outlook on life -elected reps to initiate laws -practiced pacifism -Focused on love and non resistance When: 1682 Where: Pennsylvania Why: new outlook on life: peaceful and friendly PowhatanWho: The Indian tribe that conversed with the Jamestown colony What: brought food and supplies to the sick settlers until John Smith raided them and then they withdrew When: `600’s Where: Northern VA Why: - violence with them increased when more immigrants came because of tobacco –

Wiped out ¼ of whites

George Calvert- (58). Who: English nobleman What: designed and promoted the new colony What: designed and promoted the new colony When: 1628 Where: The New World Why: protected Catholics Nathanial Bacon-(59-61)

Who: A Virginian planter~ became the frontiersmen’s leader What: - started “Bacons rebellion” ~conflict between both settlers and Native Americans and civil Between Settlers When: 1660’s-1670’s Where: New World Why: Started feuds outside VA and more planter rebellion Sir William Berkeley- (60). Who: Governor of VA What: - reversed Bacon in a civil battle -wasn’t liked because of high taxes and a monopoly When: 1660’s-1670’s Where: Virginia Why: Overthrown by many rebellious farmers Queen Elizabeth- (40). Who: English Queen from 1558-1603 What: provided aid to the protestant Dutch to revolt against Catholic. (Sent out 6,000 English troops) When: 1580’s Where: England Why: fed the flames for the international catholic-protestant conflict (1585) King Phillip II- (40). Who: Catholic king of Spain What: - Plotted against Queen Elizabeth -Sent 20,000 soldiers into Netherlands to suppress Protestantism (1567) -1572: killed thousands of French Protestants When: late 1500’s Where: Spain Why: vowed to remove all Protestants Francis Drake- (40).

Who: English protestant What: - raided Spanish Ships on the coasts of Mexico and Peru – –

Bombarded Spanish St. Augustine in Florida Led the English ships to defeat the Spanish armada to protect England from 130 ships

When: 1580’s Where: England Why: - started “protestant wind” –

Brought a temp. stalemate to religious wars

-solidified Protestantism in England Richard Hakluyt- (40-41). Who: 2 English cousins What: -advertised advantages of colonizing across the Atlantic –

Tried to break the Iberian monopoly on New World riches

When: 1580’s and 1590’s Where: England Why: England started colonizing PuritansWho: English What: wanted to “purify” the Church of England of Catholics When: late 16th century Where: England Why: - feared growth of turbulent cities, increase of wandering poor, rising prices, accelerating commercial products – –

Took responsibility for converting people Imposed new discipline

Roger WilliamsWho: Salem’s Minister What: said that the Massachusetts was not pure b/c they weren’t separate from the Church of England

When: 1633 Where: Massachusetts Why: Said that government shouldn’t be concerned with religion Anne HutchinsonWho: midwife, healer, and spiritual counselor in Boston What: suggested “holy spirit” was absent in preaching’s of the same ministers When ~ 1634 Where: Boston Why: -Started “antinomianism” – stressed mystical nature of god’s gift of grace and efforts individuals could make to gain salvation -divided Boston in 2 -Gave women strength Tobacco Coast: Who: VA and MA What: sent 25 mil. Pounds of tobacco annually When: 1680’s Where: East Coast Why: When transportation costs inflated, tobacco popularity goes down and exports became more diverse •

Planters reputation relied on quality of the crop

The Rice coast: Who: Lower South What:- indigo (blue dye) becomes big -lots of rice being harvested -LOTS of slaves When: 18th century Where: Southern countries Why: increased slave population to 90%