Hindu Scriptur

apl-ΩZv \_n sslµh _u≤ {]h-N-\-ß-fn-eqsS {]^. Fw. A_vZp¬ Aen

kn‘p F∂ ]ZØns‚ t]¿jy≥ i_vZa- mWv lnµp. lnµp-bnkw kn‘p-bn-k-am-Wv. Cdm-\nb≥ `mj-bn¬ k F∂Xv l Bbn amdp-∂p. C¥y F∂ ]Zw bqtdm-]y≥am¿ {Ko°p-Imcn¬\n∂v IS-sa-Sp-ØX - m-bn-cn-°W - w. bqtdm-]y≥ kwkvIm-c-Øn‚ DuSpw ]mhp-ambn h¿Øn-®ncp-∂Xv {Ko°v-˛-em-‰n≥ kwkvIm-c-am-bn-cp-∂p-ht√m. {Ko°n¬ CµnI F∂mWv hnfn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. {Ko°p-Im¿°v Cu ]Zw In´n-bXv t]¿jy-°mcn¬\n-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ lnµp-hn-s‚- ssh-tZ-in-I-amb D¬]Øn \ncm-I-cn-°p∂ `mjm imkv{X-⁄∑mcp-ap-≠v. Ah-cpsS ho£-W-Øn¬ "lnµp' Hcp ip≤ kwkvIrX kw⁄-Xs- ∂-bm-Wv. AhcpsS A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬, lnw+ Z+ D= lnµp, lnw=lnam-e-bw, Z= Z£n-Ww, D= DZ[n (k-ap{Zw). lnam-e-Øn\pw Z£nW kap-{Z-Øn-\pw CS-bn-ep-≈Xv F∂¿Yw. CØ- c p- W - Ø n¬ Gsd {]k- ‡ - a mb as‰mcp hkvXpX IqSn \mw a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv \∂m-bn-cn-°pw. ]pcm-W-ß-fpw thZ-ßfpw D]\n-j-Øp-Ifpw XpS-°-Øn¬, Ad_n `mj-sbt∏mse he-Xp- `m-K-Øp-\n∂v Fgp-X-s∏-Sp∂ ^lvehn en]n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C∂v kn‘n `mjm en]n, Ad_n A£-cß - sf t]mse-bmWv ImWs∏-Sp-∂-Xv. {_m“-Wm-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ AXn-{]-k-cØn¬ ^lveh - n, kwkvIrX en]n-bn-te°v Xncn™p-t]m-hp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. kn‘p \Zo-XS kwkvIm-c-Ønse en]n (Indus Script) CXp-hsc hmbn- ° m≥ Ign- ™ n- ´ n- √ . B KqVm- £ c hymJym\ {ia-Øn-emWv C≥tUm-f-Pn-Ãp-Iƒ

hym]r-Xc- m-bn-cn-°p-∂X - v. AXv hymJym-\n-°s- ∏Sp-tºmƒ, C¥y≥ kwkvImcw t\cn-Sp∂ ]e {]Xn- k - ‘ n- I fpw XcWw sNø- s ∏- S p- s a∂ ip`m]vXn hnizm-k-Øn-emWv Ah-cn-t∏mƒ. kwkvIr-X-]-T\w Hc-mUw-_-c-a-√. B `mj \ΩpsS G‰hpw al-Øm-b GI-tZ-iob ss]Xr-I-am-Ip-∂p. C¥y-bp-sS -Hmtcm {]tZihpw Cu `mj°v kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \¬In-bn-´p≠v . C≥tUm Cdm- \ n- b ≥ `mjm IpSpw- _ Øn¬\n∂v c≠m-bncw h¿j-߃°p apºv hS°p ]Sn-™msd C¥y-bn¬, cq]wsIm≠v Hcp `mj-bm-Wn-Xv. C≥tUm Cdm-\n-b≥ BI-s´, C≥tUm bqtdm-]y≥ `mj-bn¬\n-∂mWv P∑w ]q≠-Xv. kwkvIr-X-`mj BZy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn°-s∏-´Xv thZ-ß-fn-em-Wv. C¥y≥ kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ Npcp-fp-I-tfmtcm∂pw Agn-®v, kq£va-ZrjvSym t{kmX- pIsf hnt«-jn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp Ncn{X hnZym¿YnbpsS kXzc {i≤ ]Xn-tb≠ Hcp hkvXp-X-bp≠v˛ ]pcm-W-ß-sf, thZ-߃ kXy-km-£y-s∏Sp-Øp∂p F∂-Xm-W-Xv. CXn¬\n∂v ]pcm-W߃ ]pcm-X-\-hpw hkvXp-\n-jvThpw B[n-Imcn-I-hp-am-sW∂p hcp-∂p. NXp¿th-Z-ß-fn¬, EtKz-Z-tØmfw ]g-°ap≈ {KŸw thsd-bn-√-t√m. B EtKz-Z-Ønepw AY¿h-th-Z-Ønepw ]pcmW-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈ ]cma¿iw Fß-s\-bp-≠mbn? Omtµm-tKym-]\n-jØ - nepw ]pcm-Wß - s- f-∏‰- n-bp≈ ]cm-a¿iw \ap°v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. CXn¬\n∂v a\- nem-Ip-∂Xv thZ-ß-sf-t∏m-se-Xs∂ ]pcm-Wßfpw ssZhn- I - s h- f n- ] m- S p- I - f m- s W- ∂ m- W v . Hcp]t£ thZ-Im-etØm As√-¶n¬ thZ߃°v aptºm Bbn-cn°mw Ah shfn-hm-°-

apl-ΩZv \_n hnti-jm¬]-Xn∏v 151

s∏-´-Xv. C¥y-bpsS aX kmln-Xy-Øn¬ ]pcm-W߃°v AXp-ey-amb Hcp ÿm\am-Wp-≈-Xv. Ah°v alm-`m-cX - Øn\p Xpey-ambn ]©-at- h-Zÿ - m\w \¬Inbn-cn-°p-∂p. thZ-Øn¬ ]pcm-W-ß-sf-∏‰n ]cm-a¿in-®n-´p-s≠¶nepw C∂v \ne-hn-ep≈ ]pcm-Wß - ƒ _n.kn 600-˛\pw F.Un 400-˛\pw CS-°p-≈-Xm-Wv. ]Xn-s\´v alm-]p-cmW-ßfpw GXm≠v A{Xbpw Xs∂ D]-]p-cm-W-ßfpw Ds≠∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. an°-hmdpw ]pcm-W-߃ AhbpsS Hcp kqNnI \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. {_“w, ]Zvaw, hnjvWp, hmbp, `mK-h-Xw, \mc-Zo-bw, am¿°tfi-bw, A·n, `hn-jyw, {_“-ss-hh¿Øw, hmcm-lw, enwKw, kvImµw, hma-\w, Iq¿aw, am’yw, Kmcp-Vw, {_“mfiw. GXm≠v \qdv D]-]p-cm-Wß - f - psS t]cp-Iƒ tiJcn-°-s∏-´n-´p-s≠-¶nepw Ah-bn¬ ]Xn-\©v FÆw t]mepw e`y-a-√. {]]-t©m¬]-Øn-sb-∏‰n ]e-hn-[-Ønepw ]pcmW-߃ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v. {_“w k¿h-Xn-s\bpw krjvSn-°p-∂p. {_“w AYhm hnjvWp k¿h-Xns\bpw c£n-°p-∂p. {_“w cp{Zs‚ cq]-Øn¬ k¿hsØbpw \in-∏n-°pw. ]Xn-\mev a\z-¥-c-߃°v Xpeyam-Wv, {_“m-hns‚ Hcp Znh-kw. {]]©-L-S-\m-imkv{Xhpw ]pcm-W-߃ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. an°-hmdpw F√m ]pcm-W-ß-fnepw hnjvWp-hns‚ ]Øv Ah-Xm-cß-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈ {]kvXm-h-ap-≠v. Hº-X-h-Xm-c-ßfpw Bhn¿`-hn®p ad-™p-I-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-Z-i-I-ß-fn¬ am{X-amWv ]pcm-W-ß-fpsS Ncn-{X-]-c-amb {]m[m\yw sXfn-bn-°s∏-´-Xv. BNm-cy-∑m-cn¬\n∂v tI´p ]Tn® ⁄m\-am-bXp-sIm-≠mWv thZ-Øn\v {ipXn F∂ t]cv kn≤n-®Xv. tI´-Xns\ Hm¿Øp]d-bp-∂Xv kvarXn F∂ t]cnemWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Ejn-am¿ Xß-fpsS kvac-Wbn¬\n∂v Fgp-Xnb Imcy-ß-fm-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv, [¿aim-kv{X-ßsf kvarXn-Iƒ F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. ]pcm- W - ß - f psS ]ucm- W n- I Xzw Ncn{X bmYm¿Yy-am-sW-¶nepw Nne B[p-\nI lnµp ]finX-∑m¿°v ]pcm-W-ß-tfm-Sp≈ Ah-K-W-\m-a-t\m-`mhw F¥p-sIm-≠m-sW∂v At\z-jn-°p-tºmƒ, hy‡-amIp∂ Hcp hkv-Xp-X-bp-≠v. ]pcm-W-ß-fn¬ apl-ΩZv \_n-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ [mcmfw {]h-N-\-߃ D≠v F∂Xm-W-Xv. Ejn-amsc A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]I-cw, ]pcmW-ßsf ]s‰ X≈p-I-bm-W-h¿ sNøp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ thZ-߃ hy‡-ambpw ]pcm-Wß - sf AwKo-Ic- n-°p∂p F∂Xv Hcp bmYm¿Yy-a-s{X. ]pcm-W-߃, thZ-߃ t]mse-Øs∂ ssZhnI shfn-]m-Sp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm\-Øn¬ D≠m-b-h-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ ]pcmW-߃ thZ-߃ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ ]pcm-W-ß-f-√. bYm¿Y ]pcm- W - ß ƒ \jv S s∏´n- c n°mw. Cu bmYm¿Yyw i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿, "imco-cnI' `mjy-Øn¬ D≤cn-®n-´p≈ a{¥-ßf - n¬\n∂v {Kln-°m-hp-∂X - m-Wv. "bpKß-fpsS A¥y-Øn¬ thZ-ßfpw CXn-lm-k-ß-fp-

152

apl-ΩZv \_n hnti-jm¬]-Xn∏v

sa√mw Xosc A¥¿[m\w sNbvXp. Ah ]n∂oSv {_“m-hns‚ \n¿tZ-i-tØmsS al¿jn-am¿ X] v sNbvXp hi-am-°n.' thZ-ß-fn¬ CS-°nsS ImWp∂ CXn-lm-k-I-YI-fn¬\n-∂mWv ]n¬°m-eØv CXn-lm-k-߃ sI´n∏-Sp-°-s∏-´-Xv. \mw ChnsS {i≤m-]q¿hw a\- n-em-t°≠ Hcp hkvXp-X-bp-≠v. ]c-»Xw Bƒ°m¿ `‡n-]p-c- cw hmbn-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-°p-Ibpw Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]I¿ØpIbpw sNbvXn-cp∂ ]pcm-W-ßfpw thZ-ßfpw ]q¿Wambpw `qap-J-Øp-\n∂v Xntcm-[m\w sNbvXp F∂Xv icn-bm-hm≥ km[y-X-bn-√. AtX-k-abw thZ-߃ bmsXmcp XI- c mdpw IqSmsX ChnsS \ne- \ n∂p F∂Xpw icn-b-√. apl- Ω Zv \_n- s b- ∏ - ‰ n- b p≈ ]cm- a ¿i- ß ƒ ]n¬°m-eØv Iq´n-t®¿Ø-Xm-sW∂v ]d-bm-dp-≠v. CXv ASn-ÿ-m-\-c-ln-X-am-Wv. ]pcm-W-ß-fnse \_n-sb-∏-‰nbp≈ ]cm-a¿i-ßfpw {]h-N-\-ßfpw hy‡-ambpw ]pecp-∂Xv I≠-t∏mƒ kXy-tØmSv B`n-ap-Jy-an-√mØ ]fin-‰p-Iƒ, ]pcm-W-߃ ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-ß-fmW∂v Bt£]w Db¿Øp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. IqSmsX lnµp ]fin-‰p-Iƒ, Hcp ÿeØv ktΩ- f n- ® v , \_n- s b- ∏ - ‰ n- b p≈ {]h- N - \ - ß ƒ Iq´nt®¿Ø-Xm-sW∂ hmZhpw XnI®pw _men-ia- m-Wv. {_m“-W-cpsS CS-bn-ep≈ hyXykvX hn`m-K-߃ kz¥w aXsØ A]-I-S-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠v, \_n-sb-∏‰n-bp≈ ]cm-a¿i-߃ ]pcm-W-ß-fnepw thZß-fnepw Dƒs∏-SpØn F∂p hnNm-cn-°m\pw \ymb-an-√. Cu ASnÿm-\-Øn¬ lnµp ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ Cu {]iv\sØ kKu-chw ho£n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. EtKzZ \n¿am-W-Imew Hcp X¿° hnj-b-amWv. amIvkv ap≈sdbpw a‰pw ]n¥p-S¿∂v _n.kn 2000-˛\pw 1500-˛\pw CS-bn-emWv AXns‚ \n¿anXn F∂ A`n-{]mb-ap-≈-h-cmWv ]m›mXy ]fin-X-∑m¿. bms°m_n am{Xw 7500 sIm√w ]g°w ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. temI am\yXn-e-I≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv Nne EtKzZ a{¥-߃°v, ]Xn\m-bn-c-tØmfw sIm√w ]g-°-ap-s≠-∂m-Wv. Bcy-kamP ÿm]-I\ - mb kzman Zbm-\µ - s‚ A`n-{]m-bØ - n¬ thZ-߃ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´Xv 1310 aney≥ h¿j-߃°v apºmWv! almflm Xne-I≥ Xs‚ Artic home in the vedas-¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xv, EtKz-Z-Øn\v 4000 h¿j-ß-fne-[nIw ]g-°-an-s√-∂m-Wv. C{Xbpw ]g°w Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-hp∂ thZ-ßfn¬ ]cm-ar-jvS-amb ]pcm-W-ß-fpsS ]ucm-Wn-IXzw \ap°v Duln-°m-hp-∂X - m-Wv. CØ-cp-WØ - n¬ as‰mcp hkvXpX IqSn a\- n-em-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. _lp-`qcn-`mKw lnµp-°fpw ]pcm-W-ßsf thZ-ß-ƒ kXy-km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-s≠∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. cmam-bWw CXn-lm-ka- m-Wv. BZn-Im-hy-am-Wv. Hcp [¿a-im-kv{X-am-Wv. CXn¬ Ggv Imfi-ßfpw A™qdv k¿K-ßfpw Ccp-]-Øn-\m-em-bncw t«mI-ß-fp-ap-≠v. Kmb- { Xn- b nse Ccp- ] - Ø n- \ mev A£- c - ß - f n¬ Hmtcm∂psIm-≠mWv Hmtcm Bbn-chpw Bcw`n-°p-∂-

sX∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. hm¬ao-In-bm¬ hnc-Nn-X-am-bXmWv cmam-b-Ww. sXmÆq-dm-bncw t«mI-ßfpw ]Xn-s\´v ]¿h-ßfp- a - S - ß nb kpZo¿L Imhy- a mWv alm- ` m- c - X w. sshjvWh aX-Øns‚ kmc-am-bn-´p≈ `K-h-XvKoX alm-`m-c-X-Øns‚ Hcp `mK-am-bn-´mWv IW-°-m°s∏Sp-∂-Xv. sshZn-Ia- mb in£°pw [¿am-Nc- W - Ø - n\pw A]£bw hcp-tºmƒ thZ-aq¿Øn-bmb {_“m-hv, XZp-≤mc-Wm¿Yw hymk-\mbn a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn°p∂p F∂mWv ]pcm-W-h-N-\w. sshh-kz-c-a-\phn¬\n∂v D¤-hn-®, tkma-hw-i-P-cm-Pm-°-∑m-cpsS Ncn{X-amWv alm-`m-c-X-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xv. hymk≥ F∂ ]Z-Øn\v hnkvXmcw F∂¿Yw. a\- n\v ]cn-]q¿W hnImkw ssIh-∂-h≥ AYhm _p≤n°v hnim-e-X-bp-≈-h≥ hymk≥. thZ-ßsf \membn hykn-®h - ≥ hymk≥. a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xs- Ø-°pdn®v F{Xbpw hnkvXc- n®v Fgp-Xn-bX - p-sIm≠v hymk≥ F∂ t]cp-≠m-bn. `mK-h-Xhpw hymk-IrXw Xs∂. hymk≥ F∂Xv Hcp hy‡n-bpsS t]c-s√∂pw Hcp ÿm\-t∏-cm-bn-cn-°W - s- a∂pw Duln-°p-∂h - c- p-≠v. thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ Imcy-ß-fpsS kn≤m-¥-o-I-c-WamWv thZm-¥w. thX-Øns‚ A¥w. Adn-hns‚ Ah-km\w Fs∂ms° CXn-\¿Y-ap-≠v. thZ-ß-fpsS A¥y-`m-K-ØmWv D]-\n-j-Øp-Iƒ hcp∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mW-hsb thZm¥w F∂p ]d-bp∂-Xv. hnjvWp, Zzm]-c-bp-K-Øn¬ IrjvW ssZz]m-b-\\m-bn, AYhm hymk-\m-bn, thZsØ EKv, bPp-kv, kmaw, AY¿hw F∂o NXp¿th-Z-ß-fmbn hn`-Pn-°pIbpw Xs‚ injy-]-c-º-c-bnse ss]e≥, sshi≥, am-b-\≥, ssPan-\n, bm⁄-h¬Iy≥, kpI¿am≥ XpSßnb Ejn-Iƒ Ahsb Hmtcm kwln-X-I-fm-°p-I-bpwsN-bvXp-sh∂v hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]g°w Ipd-™sX∂v ]d-bs- ∏-Sp∂ AY¿h-Øn¬Xs∂ ]Ip-Xn-tbmfw EtKzZ a{¥-ß-fmWv D≈-Xv.

hymk-a-l¿jn-bpsS {]hm-N-I-kvt\lw hocm-cm-[\ lnµp-°f - psS Hcp {][m\ A\p-jvTm\-ambn ]n¬°m-eØv amdp-I-bp-≠m-bn. lnµp-°ƒ°v hymk-a-l¿jn-tbm-Sp≈ _lp-am\w koam-Xo-X-am-Wv. ]Xn-s\´v hmfy-ß-fp≈ ]pcm-W-߃ At±-l-Øns‚ G‰hpw henb t{ImUo-I-c-W-am-Wv. AXn¬ {][m-\s∏-´X - mWv `hn-jy-]p-cm-Ww. CXn¬ hymk-al - ¿jn hcm\n-cn-°p∂ Imcy-ßs- f-∏‰n hni-Za- mbn hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. `mhn-Im-cy-ß-sf-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv `hn-jy-]pcmWw F∂ t]¿Xs∂ AXn\p In´n-b-Xv. hymk al¿jn AXv t{Im-Uo-I-cn-°pI am{X-amWv sNbvXXv. Xmsg ]d-bp∂ {]h-N\ - ß - ƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ `hnjy-]p-cmWw t_mws_bnse sh¶n-tS-izc {] n¬ A®-Sn-®-Xm-Wv. Xmsg ]d-bp∂ {]h-N\w {]Xn-k¿K]¿hw 111:3,3:5-˛8¬ \ap°v ImWm≥ Ignbpw:

""tæO-\mb (hn-tZi `mj kwkm-cn-°p∂ hntZin) Hcp [m¿an-Im-Nm-cy≥ Xs‚ injy-∑m-tcm-Sp-IqSn hcpw. At±-l-Øns‚ t]cv apl-ΩZv F∂m-bn-cn-°pw. cmPmhv (t_mPv) ssZhnI t_m[\w e`n® Cu almtZh Ad-_nsb ]›-K-hy-bnepw KwKm-P-e-Ønepw kv\mw sNøn-∏n®p ]m]-ap-‡-\m-°nb tijw Xs‚ Bflm¿Y-amb A`n-hm-Z-\-߃ A¿∏n-°p-∂p. AXn\p-tijw At±lw ]d-bp∂p: am\-hIp-e-Øns‚ A`nam\ta! acp-`q-\n-hmko! ]nim-Nns\ \nl-\n-°m-\m-bn, h≥i‡n Aßp kw`hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. tæO i{Xp-°fn¬\n∂pw Aßv kwc-£n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. k¿h-i‡-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn-cq-]ta! Rm≥ Aßsb A\p-k-cn-°p∂ Hcp injy≥ am{Xw!'' apl-ΩZv \_n-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ Cu kvXpXn-Ko-XØn¬ hymk al¿jn Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Imcy-߃ hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p: 1. \_n-bpsS t]cv apl-Ωs- Z∂v hy‡-ambpw {]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. 2. At±-l-Øns‚ cmPyw aW-em-cWy-amb Atd-_y-bm-Ip-∂p. kvXpXnKo-X-Ønse acp-ÿ-ew, Atd-_y≥ acp-`q-an-sb -kq-Nn∏n-°p-∂p. 3. \_n-bpsS injy-K-W-ßsf {]tXyIw FSp-Øp-]-d™n-cn-°p-∂p. apl-ΩZv \_n-°p≈{X kJm-°ƒ as‰mcp {]hm-N-I∂pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. 4. ssZhnI kwc-£Ww ImcWw At±lw F√m ]m]ß-fn¬\n∂pw ap‡-\m-bn-cn-°pw. 5. C¥y≥ cmPmhv At±-lsØ BZ-cn-°pw. 6. -_nw-_m-cm-[\ At±lw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°pw. 7. i{Xp-°-fn¬\n∂v A¤p-X-IcamwhÆw ssZhw At±-lsØ c£n-°pw. 8. k¿h-i‡-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ bYm¿Y ASn-a-bm-bn-cn°pw \_n. 9. al¿jn At±-lsØ _lp-am-\n-°pw. 10. a\pjy-Ip-eØ - ns‚ A`n-am-\a- mbn At±lw IW-°m-°s- ∏Spw. hymk-a-l¿jn-bpsS as‰mcp {]h-N\w `hn-jy]p-cm-W-Ønse 10 sXm´v 27 hsc-bp≈ t«mI-ß-fn¬ ImWmw. Ah Cßs\ kw{K-ln-°mw: ""tæO-∑m¿ {]kn-≤-amb Ad_v cmPyw \in-∏n®n-cn-°p-∂p. Bcy-[¿aw AhnsS Fhn-sSbpw ImWp∂n-√. "{_“' F∂ hntijWtØmsS {]kn-≤-\mb apl-ΩZ- ns\ ss]im-NnI i{Xp-°f - psS am¿K-Z¿i-\Ø - n\mbn Ab-®n-cn-°p-∂p. At±lw ss]im-NnI i{Xp°sf ip≤o-I-cn-°p∂ Xnc-°n-em-Wv.'' ""Fs‚ ]n≥Kman tNem-I¿aw sNøp-∂-h-cm-bn-cn°pw. Ah¿ IpSpa (pigtail) sh°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°p-Ibn-√. XmSn-hf - ¿Øpw. hnπhw krjvSn-°pw. ]c-ky-ambn {]m¿Y-\-bn-te°v £Wn-°pw. ]∂n amwkw Hgn-®p≈ an° amwkhpw `£n-°pw. ip≤o-Ic- n-°m≥ GsX-¶nepw Ip‰n-s®-Sn-Isf B{i-bn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]I-cw, Xo£vWamb ka-cØ - n-eqsS (Pn-lm-Zn-eq-sS) Ah¿ ip≤o-Ic- Ww B{K- l n- ° pw. Akm- ∑ m¿KnI hyh- ÿ n- X nsb FXn¿°p∂ Ah¿ apkvenw-Iƒ F∂mWv hnfn-°-s∏Sp-I. amwk-`p-°pI-fpsS XØz-kw-ln-X-bnse AwK-amIp∂p Rm≥.'' Cu {]h-N-\-Øn¬ hymk-a-l¿jn Xmsg ]dpb∂ Imcy-߃ hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p:

apl-ΩZv \_n hnti-jm¬]-Xn∏v 153

1. Ckvem-an\p apºp-≈, Akm-∑m¿KnI Pohn-XØn¬ B]-Xn-®p-t]mb Ad-_n-Isf a\- nem°n-Øcp-∂p. 2. Bcy-[¿aw Atd-_ybn¬ A{]-Xy-£-am-bn-cn°p-∂p. 3. \_n-bpsS i{Xp-°ƒ A{_-lØv \in® t]mse \in- ° pw. 4. kXy- Ø ns‚ i{Xp- ° sf am¿KZ¿i\w sNøm≥ hcp∂ apl-Ω-Zn\v {_“ F∂ {]tXyI t]cv \¬I-s∏-Spw. {]“ F∂ kwkvIr-X-]Z-Øn\v kvXpXn-KoXw F∂ A¿Yhpw D≠v. apl-ΩZv F∂ ]Z-Øn\v "kvXpXn-°-s∏-´-h≥' F∂¿Yw D≈Xv kvac-Wo-ba- m-Wv. At±-lw- Xs‚ cmjv{S-\n¿am-WØ - n¬ kZm PmK-cq-I\ - m-bn-cn-°pw. 5. Ad-_n-If - psS cmPy-tØ°p-t]m-Im≥ C¥y≥ cmPmhv `b-s∏-Sp-∂p. F∂m¬ At±-lsØ C¥y-bn¬ sh®p-Xs∂ ip≤o-I-cn-°m-hp∂-XmWv. apkvenw-Iƒ C¥y Iog-S°pw. 6. \_n(-k)bpsS BK-a\w hnI-ea- mb Bcy≥ hnizm-kß - sf icnsh-°p-∂t- Xm-sS, AXn¬ IS-∂p-Iq-Snb ]pØ≥ BNmc-ß-fn-te°v hnc¬ Nq≠p-Ibpw sNøpw. 7. \_n-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ, tNem-I¿aw \SØpw, XmSn hf¿Øpw, IpSpa sh°p-I-bn-√. temI Ncn-{X-Øn¬ hnπm-hm-[ymb-߃ krjvSn-°pw. 8. Cu ]pXnb aX-Øn¬ \nKq-Vß-fmbn H∂pw Xs∂ D≠m-bn-cn-°p-Ib - n-√. {]m¿Y-\°p D®- Ø n¬ P\- ß sf £Wn- ° p- I bpw sNøpw. 9. ]∂namwkw \njn-≤a- m-bn-cn-°pw. 10. kz¥w ico-ct- ØmSp≈ Pnlm-ZmWv G‰hpw henb Pnlm-sZ∂v {]Jym]n-®p. \_n-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ hnπ-h-Øn-eqsS ˛Pnlm-Zn-eqsS aX-{]-t_m-[\w \S-Øpw. 11. Cu {]tXy-IX-tbmsS temI-Øp-h-cp-∂-h¿ apkvenw-Iƒ F∂ \mat[-b-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Spw. "tæO' F∂ ]Z-{]-tbm-Kw, ta¬]-d™ t«mIØn¬ \nc-¥cw D]-tbm-Kn-®Xp ImWmw. {]Ya ZrjvSym Cu ]Zw NoØ A¿Yw tZymXn-∏n-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n-epw, hymk-a-l¿jn Xosc `n∂-amb A¿YtØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-sX∂ Imcyw hy‡-as{X. `hn-jy¬]p-cmWw t]Pv 256,257-˛¬ tæO F∂ ]Z-Øn\v At±lw sImSpØ hni-Zo-Ic- Ww {i≤n-°pI: "[m¿anI Hu∂-Xyhpw _p≤n-Iq¿a-Xb - p-ap≈ k¬°¿aIm-cnbpw ssZh-Zm-k-\p-am-Wv hnth-In-bmb tæO≥.' Bcy-∑m-scbpw skan-‰p-I-sfbpw temI-Øp≈ apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-hw-i-sØbpw D≤-cn-°m≥ Atd-_ybn¬ PmX-\mb PK-ZvKp-cp-hm-bn-cp∂p apl-ΩZv \_n. ta¬ {]h-N-\-Ønse "Bcy-[¿aw' G‰hpw ]cnip-≤am-sW-∂m-Wt√m a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xv. Bcy-hw-i߃°v bYm¿Y [¿aw shfn-s∏-SpØnb ImeØv AXv ]cn- i p- ≤ - a m- b n- c p- s ∂∂ Imcy- Ø n¬ kwi- b - a n- √ . ]n¬°m-eØv {_m“-W-cpsS ssII-S-Ø-ep-Iƒ ImcWw B ip≤ Bcy-[¿aw hnI-e-am-°-s∏-´p. apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS P\-\-k-a-bØv Bcy-[¿a-Øn\v kw`-hn® NypXn-bmWv hymk-al - ¿jn hy‡-am-°n-bX - v. tæO[¿aØns‚ (C-kvemw) {]tXy-I-X, hymk-a-l¿jn-Xs∂ hy‡-am-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. `hn-jy-]p-cmWw ]¿hw 111:1,4, 21-˛23-˛-¬- C-ßs\ ImWmw:

154

apl-ΩZv \_n hnti-jm¬]-Xn∏v

""C¥ybnse Ggv ]cn-ip≤ \K-c-ß-fn¬ Agn-aXnbpw A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw km¿h-{Xn-I-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. cm£-k-∑mcpw j_m-dp-Ifpw _n√p-Ifpw a‰p ]ma-c∑m-cmb P\-ßfpw C¥y-bn¬ hkn-°p-∂-h-cm-Ip-∂p. tæO-∑m-cpsS \m´n¬ tæO-[¿a(-C-kvemw)Øns‚ h‡m-°ƒ hnth-In-Ifpw ss[cy-im-en-I-fp-am-Ip-∂p. apkvenw-If - n¬ F√m k¬kz-`m-hß - fpw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. Bcy≥ cmPy-ß-fn¬ F√m Xn∑-Ifpw HØp-Iq-Sn-bn-cn°p-∂p. Ckvemw C¥y-sbbpw Ab¬ Zzo]p-I-sfbpw `cn-°pw. Hm! ap\o! CsX√mw Adn-bn-°-s∏-´p-h-t√m. AXp-sIm≠v Aß-bpsS c£n-Xm-hns\ ]pI-gvØnbmepw.''

AY¿h-th-Z-Ønse {]h-N-\-߃ {_“thZ-sa∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ AY¿h-th-Zw, ssZhn-I-sa∂v lnµp-°ƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. 5987 a{¥ß-fp≈ AY¿hth-Zw, (C-h-bn¬ NneXv ]Zy-cq-]-Ønem-Wv) khn-Xm-k-Xr-[¿aw (Cu-iz-cs‚ AkvXn-XzØns‚ \nb-a-amWv kXyw) F∂v DZvtLm-jn-°p-∂p. \c-Is- Ø-∏‰- nbpw kz¿K-sØ-∏‰- nbpw hni-Zo-Ic- n-°p∂ AY¿h-th-Zw, bp≤w Fßs\ \S-Ø-W-sa∂pw amcI-tcm-K-߃ Fßs\ NnIn-’n-°-W-sa-∂p-IqSn ]Tn∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. CXp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°mw apfi-tIm-]\ - n-jØn¬ AY¿h-th-ZsØ {_“-hn-Zy, AYhm ssZhn-I⁄m-\-sa∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv. CuPn-]vXnepw _m_n-tem-Wn-bb - nepw B[p-\nI ImeØv \S-Ø-s∏´ D¬J-\-\-Øn¬\n∂v a\- n-emIp-∂X - v, ss__n-fns‚ bYm¿Y t{kmX- p-Iƒ _m_n- t em- W n- b ≥ ‰mªn- ‰ p- I (Babylonian Tablcts)fmsW∂mWv. _m_n-tem-Wn-b≥ thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬\n-∂mWv thZ-ß-fnse apJy-hn-j-b-ßfpw IS-sa-Sp-Øn-´p-≈-Xv. CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ _\m-dkv lnµp k¿h-I-em-ime-bnse tUmIvS¿ {]m¨\mYv 1935-˛¬ ssSwkv Hm^v C¥y-bn¬, ss__nfpw thZhpw CuPn]vXpw XΩnep≈ _‘-sØ-∏‰n Fgp-Xnb teJ\w {]tXyIw {it≤-b-am-Wv. CuPn-]vXn-s\-∏-‰nbpw _m_n-tem-Wn-s\-]-‰nbpw cmPm-°-∑m-sc-∏-‰nbpw Ah-cpsS bp≤-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw EtKz-ZØ - n¬ hnh-cn-®n-´p-s≠∂ B teJ-\Ø - nse ]cma¿iw Ncn-{X-ZrjvSym {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p.

AY¿h-th-Z-Ønse Ip¥hx kq‡w AY¿h-th-Z-Ønse 20-˛mw A[ym-b-Ønse Nne kq‡-ßsf Ip¥hx kq‡-ß-sf-∂mWv hnfn-°p-∂Xv. F√m h¿jm-h-km-\hpw lnµp ]fin-‰p-Iƒ IqSnbn-cp∂v Cu kq‡w {]tXyIw Dcp-hn-Sp-∂-Xn¬\n-∂pXs∂ CXns‚ {]m[m\yw Duln-°mw. IqSmsX h≥ktΩ-f-\-ß-fnepw {]tXyI {]m¿Y-\-I-fnepw Cu a{¥w P]n-°m-dp-≠v. Ip¥hx F∂ ]Z-Øn\v "ZpxJ-ß-sfbpw Zpcn-Xß-sfbpw Zqco-Ic- n-°p-∂h - ≥' F∂¿Yw ImWmw. k]vXZpx-J-ß-fn¬\n-s∂√mw a\p-jys\ tamNn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp hy‡n-sb-∏‰- n-bp≈ ]cm-a¿iw D≈-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Cu kq‡-Øn\v Ip¥hx kq‡w F∂ t]¿ h∂-Xv.

Ckvem-ans‚ ktµ-ihpw apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS A[ym- ] - \ - ß fpw hkv X p- \ n- j v T - a mbn hne- b n- c pØptºmƒ, temI-Øp≈ kakvX ZpxJ-߃°pw ]cnlm-ca- m-bn-´mWv Ckvemw h∂-sX∂v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. Ckvemw F∂ ]Zw Xs∂ Cu e£yw tZymXn-∏n°p∂p: Ip¥hx F∂ ]Z-Øn\v "DZ-c-Ønse Hfn™p InS-°p∂ {KŸn-Iƒ' F∂¿Yhpw D≠v. Cu a{¥ßƒ°v Cu A¿Yw D≠m-bXv Ah-bpsS \nKq-V-amb A¿YsØ kqNn-∏n-°m≥ th≠n IqSn-bm-Imw. IqSmsX AXns‚ A¿Yw `mhn-bn¬ ]pe-tc-≠X - p-sIm-≠p-am-Imw. C\n \ap-°v, Cu kq‡-Øns‚ \nKq-V-Xsb A\m-hc- Ww sNøm≥ {ian-°mw. Cu kq‡w `qan-bpsS \m`n-bp-ambn ˛tI-{µ-_n-µp-hp-am-bn˛ _‘-s∏-´X - m-sW∂v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. a°m ]´-W-Øn\v "DΩp¬Jpdm' (]-´-W-ß-fpsS amXm-hv) As√-¶n¬ `qan-bpsS \m`n Fs∂ms° A¿Yap-≈-Xmbn ImWmw. ssZhm-cm-[-\-°mbn `qan-bn¬ \n¿an-°-s∏´ BZy-tK-lhpw Chn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Jp¿B≥ Cu Imcyw hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. Jp¿-B\ - n¬ a°m ]´-WØ - n\v c≠v ]Z-߃ D]tbm-Kn-®-Xmbn ImWmw˛ _° F∂pw a° F∂pw. _° F∂ ]Z-Øn\v h£- v, kvX\w Fs∂ms° A¿Yw sImSp-°mw. a° F∂ ]Z-Øn\v ASn-h-b-dv, DZcw F∂pw A¿Yw \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Hcp Ip™v amXm-hn¬\n∂v hf¿®-°m-h-iy-amb t]mj-Iß - ƒ kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv DZ-cØ - n¬\n∂v AYhm s]m°nƒs°m-Sn-bn¬\n-∂pw {]k-h-tijw kvX\Øn¬\n-∂p-am-Wv. Ip¥hx F∂ ]Zw, a°t°m _°-t°m- ]-Icw \n¬°p∂ ]Z-am-Ip-∂p. a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\v BZysØ [m¿anI t]mjWw e`n-®Xpw ChnsS \n∂m-bn-cp∂p F∂Xv Hcp Ncn{XhkvXpX am{X-am-Wv. Zo¿L-Imew Cu Ip¥h kq‡w Zpcq-l-am-bn-cp∂p. emtlm¿ Un.-F.hn tImtf-Pnse {]^-kd- m-bn-cp∂ ]fin‰v cmPm-dmapw {]^-k¿ {Kn^vØpw amIvkv ap≈dpw, tUmIv S ¿ ssh‰v \ n- b pw (Whitney), Fw. ªq^o¬Upw a‰p ]fin-X-∑mcpw Ip¥h-xkq‡w Hcp {]tl-fn-I-bm-bn-Øs∂ ImWp-I-bp-≠m-bn. F∂m¬ apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS BK-a-\-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ip¥hx kq‡w Hcp Ipg-°p∂ {]iv\-a-√m-Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. DZc-Øn¬ Hfn-™p-In-S-∂n-cp∂ {KŸn-Iƒ, Ct∏mƒ a\pjy-hw-i-Øn\v t]mjWw \¬Ip-∂, kvX\-Øn-eqsS Hgp-Ip-∂, B sh≈ \nd-Øn-ep≈ £oc-ambn amdn-bncn-°p-∂p. Cu a{¥- Ø n- \ v , ªq^o¬Upw {Kn^v Ø pw, ]fin‰v cmPm-dmapw ]fin‰v JwJ-c\pw (A-e-l_mZv) A¿Yw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. Ah-cpsS hymJym-\-ßsf samØ-Øn¬ Cßs\ kw{K-ln°mw: ""P\-ßtf! _lp-am-\-]p-c- cw CXv {i≤n°q! kv X pXy¿l≥ hmgv Ø - s ∏- S pw. A√tbm Iucam(Kaurama), cpj-am-jns‚ (Rushamas) CS-bn¬\n∂p \mw Adp-]-Xn-\m-bn-chpw sXmÆqdpw kzoI-cn-®n-cn-

°p∂p'' (Ip-¥-hx-kq-‡w). Cu a{¥-Øns‚ \mev hymJym-\-ß-fn¬ Xmsg ]d-bp∂ \mev hkvXp-X-Iƒ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-´-Xmbn ImWmw. 1. BcmWv hmgvØ-s∏-´-h≥. 2. Adp-]-Xn-\m-bnchpw sXmÆqdpw F¥ns\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. 3. F¥psIm≠v Cu Imcyw P\-߃ _lp-am-\] - p-c  - cw {i≤n°-Ww. 4. "cpj-amjpw' "Iuc-ambpw' F¥ns\ kqNn∏n-°p∂p? ]pcm-X\ C¥y≥ Ncn{Xw Cu a{¥-Øn¬ ]cmar-jvS-amb H∂n-te°pw shfn®pw hoip-∂n-√. F∂m¬ Ckvem-ans‚ BZy-Ime Ncn-{X-Øn-te-°v, Cu a{¥w i‡n-bmbn hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂Xv \ap°v ImWm≥ Ignbpw. apl-ΩZv F∂ ]ZØns‚ A¿Yw hmgvØ-s∏-´h≥ F∂m-Ip-∂p. inAv_p-_-\o-lm-in-anse A_q-Xzm-en-_ns‚ ho´n-em-bn-cp∂p \_n-bpsS P\-\w. \_n P\n-®-t∏mƒ amXmhv Ip´n-bpsS ]nXm-a-ls‚ ASp-°te°v B kt¥mj hm¿Ø-bp-ambn Bsf Ab-®p. At±lw Ip´n°v apl-ΩZv F∂v t]¿ hnfn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ad-_n-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ apºv Cu t]¿ {]Nm-c-Øn-ep≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Adp-]-Xn-\m-bncw F∂Xv a°-bnse P-\-kwJysb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ah¿ `qcn-`m-Khpw \_n(k)sb FXn¿°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. "cpj-amjv' F∂Xv \_n(k)-bpsS i{Xp-°-sf-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. "Iuca' F∂Xv \_n-bpsS hnti-j-W-am-Wv. A¿Yw IpSn-tbdn∏m¿Ø-h≥, As√-¶n¬ kam-[m\sØ t{]m’m-ln-∏n°p∂-h≥. Ip¥hx kq‡- Ø n¬ henb {]h- N - \ - ß ƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂X - p-sIm-≠m-Wv, Cu a{¥w k{i≤w {ihn°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´-Xv. \mev thZ-ß-fn¬ C{X-b-[nIw Xm¬]-cy-]q¿hw A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNø-s∏´ a{¥-߃ hfsc hnc-f-am-Wv. Cu a{¥-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn® "kvXhn-jytX' F∂ kwkvIrX ]Zw `mhn-Ime {Inb-bmWv. "Ah-≥ hmgvØs∏Spw' F∂m-W¿Yw. Hcp e£-Øn¬]cw {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ apl-ΩZv \_n-bmWv G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ ]pI-gvØ-s∏-´, hmgvØs∏-´ {]hm-N-I≥ F∂Xv Hcp Ncn-{X-bm-Ym¿Yy-a-s{X. F√m thZ-{K-Ÿ-ßfpw apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS BK-a-\sØ-]‰n Zo¿L-Z¿i\w sNbvXXv {it≤-ba- mb as‰mcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. i{Xp-°fpw an{X-ßfpw Hcp-t]mse \_n(k)sb ]pI-gvØp-I-bp-≠m-bn. F≥ssk-t¢m-]oUnb {_n´m-\n° apl-ΩZv \_nsb G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ hnPbw hcn® {]hm-N-I-s\∂v ]pI-gvØn-∏-d-bp-∂p. thZ-E-jn, "\cm-iw-k-kvX-hn-jytX' F∂p ]pIgv Ø n- b - X ns‚ A¿Yw "apl- Ω Zv ]pI- g v Ø - s ∏- S pw, At±lw kvXpXy¿l-\m-Ip∂p' F∂m-Wv. apl-ΩZv F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿Yw Cu a{¥-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°s∏´ ]Z-hp-ambn ]q¿W-ambpw tbmPn-°p-∂p. ]pI-gvØ-s∏-´, kvXpXy¿l-\mb apl-Ω-Zns‚

apl-ΩZv \_n hnti-jm¬]-Xn∏v 155

as‰m-c-S-bmfw At±lw "Iuc-a\m'bncn°pw F∂-XmWv. Iuc-a≥ F∂-Xns‚ ]Zm¿Yw, \_n-bpsS Pohn-XØnse lnPvd-sbbpw, kam-[m-\-Øn\pw im¥n°pw th≠n \ne-sIm≈p∂ Ckvem-an-s\bpw \_n-bpsS kam-[m-\t- {]-as- Øbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. IqSmsX 60000˛-tØmfw i{Xp-°ƒ°n-S-bn-em-Wv, A√mlp apl-ΩZv \_n°v {]tXyIw kwc-£Ww \¬In-b-Xv. Cu kwc£Ww sIm≠p am{X-amWv \_n°v hnPbw hcn-°m≥ Ign-™-Xv. Ip¥h kq‡-Ønse "\cm-iwk' F∂ ]Zw aplΩZv \_nsb Ipdn-°p∂p F∂v Icp-Xmt\ \ymb-ap-≈q. Ip¥hx kq‡-Ønse c≠m-asØ a{¥-Øns‚ A¿Yw Cß-s\-bmWv: ""At±-ls- Øbpw `mcy-am-scbpw AXn-th-KØ - n¬ Nen-°p-∂, CW-I-tfmSv IqSnb Ccp-]Xv H´-I-ß-fmWv hen-°p-∂-Xv. H´Iw hen-°p∂ B cYw BIm-i-hpambn ap´ptam F∂ `b-Øm¬, \{a-am-bn-´mWv \n¬°p∂-Xv. cY-Øns‚ ta¬`mKw BIm-isØ kv]¿in-°pwhn[w Db-c-Øn-emWv.'' Ip¥hx kq‡-Ønse H∂m-asØ a{¥-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in® hy‡n Xs∂-bmWv Chn-sSbpw ]cm-a¿in°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv. "H´-I-∏p-dØv bm{X sNøp∂ At±-lØns‚ cY-Øns‚ Dbcw BIm-i-tØmfw Db¿∂p \n¬°p∂p' F∂ {]kvXmhw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ ]e Imcy-ßfpw a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw. Hcp C¥y≥ Ejn H´-I-∏p-dØv bm{X sNøp-sa∂v \mw {]Xo-£nt°-≠Xn-√. am{X-a√, a\p-kvarXn V: 8-18˛¬, H´-IØns‚ ]mepw amwkhpw C¥y≥ Ejn°v \njn-≤-am°n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ChnsS kvac-Wo-ba- m-Wv. IqSmsX "H´I-∏p-dtØm Igp-X-∏p-dtØm {_m“-W≥bm{X sNøpI-bm-sW-¶nepw \·-\mbn kv\m\w sNøp-I-bm-sW¶nepw Abmƒ Aip-≤cmIpw' F∂pw a\p-kvarXn ]dbp-∂p-≠v. CXn¬\n∂v a\- n-em-Ip-∂Xv: {]kvXpX a{¥-Ønse Ejn C¥y≥ Ejn-b√ - . AtX-ka- bw aplΩZv \_n-bpsS {][m\ hml\w H´-I-am-bn-cp∂p F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ X¿°-hp-an-√. Gsd ASp-ØXp ImcWw BImiw ap´ptam F∂ `b-Øm¬ cYw \{a-am-bn -\n¬°p∂p F∂ a{¥Ønse ]cm-a¿iw, Db¿®-bpsS ]mc-ay-Ønepw \_nbpsS hn\-b-`m-h-sØbpw ssZh-`-b-sØbpw kqNn-∏n°p-∂-Xm-hmw. hnP-bhpw hn\-bhpw hnkv-a-bm-h-l-amwhn[w Hcp-an-®p-tN¿∂XpsIm-≠m-Wt√m At±lw Ncn{X-Ønse AXpey ]pcp-j-\m-bn-Øo¿∂-Xv.

_p≤-{]-h-N-\-ß-fnse ssat{X-bbpw apl-ΩZv \_nbpw Ing-°≥ XocsØ I´m-°nse PK\mYn¬\n∂v 20 \mgnI AI-se-bp≈ "t[mfn'(Dhauli)bn¬\n∂v In´nb Icn-¶¬ ]mdbnse inem-enJn-X-amWv _p≤s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ icn-bmb Nn{Xw \ap°v \¬Ip-∂-Xv. t[mfn inem-en-JnXw (Dhauli Inscritpion) -F∂ t]cnemWv CXv Adn-bs- ∏-Sp-∂X - v. Cu c≠p inem-tc-JI - fpw _p≤-a-XsØ ]‰n-bp≈ sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Ifpw Bi-b-°p-

156

apl-ΩZv \_n hnti-jm¬]-Xn∏v

g-∏-ßfpw Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂p. Cu inemen-Jn-X-ß-fn¬, Dt√-J\w sNø-s∏´ ]Zw "Ckm\' (ISANA) F∂m-Wv. AXns‚ A¿Yw c£-I≥, ssZhw, bP-am-\≥, kwc-£-I≥ Fs∂m-s°-bm-sW-∂mWv inhdmw B]v‰n-(Shivaram Apti)bpsS kwkvIr-X-˛-Cw•ojv \nL-≠p-hn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. injy-∑m¿ Xs∂ kvXpXn-°p-∂X - v _p≤≥ CjvSs∏-´n-cp-∂n-√. Hcn-°¬ h’-e-in-jy-\mb kmcn-]p-{X≥(Sariputra) Cßs\ ]d™p: ""alm-flm-th! Aß-bptS-Xn-t\-°mƒ al-Xz-ta-dn-b, Kw`o-ca- mb Hcp aXw CXphsc D≠m-bn-´n-√. Ct∏mƒ C√. C\n D≠m-hp-I-bpan√.'' _p≤≥ kzXx-kn-≤-amb im¥-X-tbmSpw \¿at_m-[t- ØmSpw tNm-Zn-®p: ""icn-bmWv kmcn-]p-{Xm. CXphsc temI-Øp-≠m-bn-´p≈ F√m _p≤-∑m-scbpw \n\°-dn-bmtam?'' "C√ Kptcm'˛ kmcn-]p-{X≥ {]Xn-h-Nn-®p. "C\n hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ _p≤-∑m-sc-∏‰n \n\-°d- n-bmtam?' "Adn-bn√ Kptcm.' "F∂m¬ kmcn-]p-{Xm, C{X ss[cyambn, kwi-b-te-i-at\y \n\°v Fßs\ AXp ]dbm≥ Ign™p?' (`mc-Xob ss]Xr-Iw _p≤-s‚- Po-hnXw, t]Pv 171). _p≤≥, kmcn-]p-{X-t\mSv ]d™p˛ ImIp-k¥bpw (kakusandha) sImsW-Ka- \ - bpw (konagamana) Ikm-∏bpw (kasapa) ChnsS Pohn-®pIgn™n-cn- °p∂p. Rm≥ {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p∂ Hcp _p≤-\s- {X. F∂m¬ Fs‚ tijw ssat{X-b (Maitreya) hcpw. AtXmsS Cu l¿jP N{Iw ({]-hm-NI - i - rw-Je - ) Ah-km-\n-°pw. Cusb-Ønb _p≤≥, _p≤-∑m-cn¬ ]c-tam-∂X ]Z-ae- ¶ - c n- ° p- ∂ - h \pw a\p- j y¿°p t\XrXzw \¬Ip∂h\pw hgn-Im´nbpam-bn-cn°pw' (_¿aokv t{kmX- pI-fn¬\n-∂v). B\-µ≥ A\p-Kr-lo-X-\mb _p≤-t\mSv ]d™p˛ "alm-flmth! Aßv t]mbn-°g- n-™m¬ Rßsf Bcv ]Tn-∏n°pw?' At∏mƒ _p≤≥ ]d™p: ""`qan-bn¬ h∂ BZysØtbm Ah-km-\-sØtbm _p≤-\√ Rm≥. ]cn-ip≤\pw Bflo-b-ambpw km∑m¿Kn-I-ambpw Db¿∂ ⁄m\ {]Im-i\w e`n-®-h-\p-amb {]_p-≤-\mb Hcp _p≤≥ bYm-k-abw hcpw. kz`mhw sIm≠pw XØz⁄m\w sIm≠pw AXp-ey-\m-bn-cn°pw At±-lw. a\pjy¿°pw amem-Ja- m¿°pw t\Xm-hm-bn-cn°pw At±-lw. Rm≥ \n߃°p shfn-hm-°nØ∂ AtX Znhy-k-Xy߃ At±-lhpw \nßsf ]Tn-∏n-°pw. D¬]-ØnsIm≠pw D®m-h-ÿ-sIm≠pw D∂w-sIm≠pw At±lw sIm≠p-h-cp∂ Pohn-X-]-≤Xn bi-kvI-c-am-bn-cn-°pw. \n¿a-e-am-bXpw kºq¿W-am-b-Xp-amb Hcp Pohn-X-]-≤Xn-bm-bn-cn°pw At±lw {]t_m-[\w sNøp-I. F\n°p iX-°W - ° - n\v A\p-bm-bnIfp≈-t∏mƒ At±-lØ - n\v kl-{k-°-W-°n\v A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-≠m-bn-cn°pw.'' At∏mƒ B\-µ≥ tNmZn®p: ""Fß-s\-bmWv R߃ At±-lsØ Adn-bpI?'' _p≤≥ adp-]Sn ]d™p: ""ssa-Xnb F∂ t]cn-

em-bn-cn°pw At±lw Adn-b-s∏-SpI'' (kn-tem¨ t{kmX- p-I-fn¬\n-∂v-˛Gospel of Buddha by Carus). _p≤s‚ a‰p kw`m- j - W - ß - f n¬ hcm≥ t]mIp∂ _p≤s\ saØntbm (Metteyyo) F∂pw Adm-lØv (Arahet) F∂pw ]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXns‚ A¿Yw bYm-{Iaw Zbmep F∂pw ]cn-≤≥ F∂p-am-Wv. ssN\o-kv, kwkvIrX t{kmX- p-I-fnepw Xn_Ø≥ t{kmX- p-If - nepw "ssa{Xnb'sb] ‰nbp≈ hntij-W-ß-fpw, BK-a-\-sØ-]-‰n-bp≈ {]h-N-\-ßfpw ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. ssN\okv kwkvIrX t{kmX- p-I-fn¬ ssa{Xnb-bpsS icocw kz¿W \nd-Øn-ep-≈Xpw Xnf-°-ap-≈Xp-am-sW-∂pw, Krlw hn´p-t]m-Ip-∂-tXmsS ]cn-]q¿W _p≤-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂-h-\p-am-sW∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p. _p≤-aX {KŸ-ß-fn-se√mw _p≤≥ Zo¿LZ¿i\w sNbvX "ssa-{Xn-b' hyXykvX `mj-I-fn¬ A¬] kz¬] hyXym-kß - t- fmsS ]cm-a¿in-°s∏-´Xp ImWmw. kwkvIr-XØ - n¬ ssa{Xnb (Maitreya)sb∂pw ]men-bn¬ saX-ø(Metteyya)sb∂pw _¿aokv `m-jbn¬ Ac-ta-Znb(Aramidea)-F∂pw ssN\okv `mj-bn¬ ssaXm-enb-(Meitaliya) F∂pw Xn_-Ø≥ `mj-I-fn¬ taXm-enb (Meita-liya) F∂pw P∏m-\okv `mj-I-fn¬ "antdmIp' (Miroku) F∂p-amWv ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈Xv. C\n \ap°v ]men-bnse saXø-(Metteyya)bpsS Cw•ojv kam-\m¿Yw t\m°mw. 1. kvt\l-in-£-I≥ (Techer- of Love) amIvkv ap≈¿. 2. kvt\l-Øns‚ {]`p (Lord of Love) F. [¿a]m¬. 3. Zbm-io-e≥ (he whose name is kindness) Imdkv. 4. DZm-c_ - p-≤≥ (Buddha of kindness) ssdkv tUhnUvkv. 5. km¿h-eu-InI t{]aw (Universal Love) F¬. \dmkp. 6. kmtlm-Zc- y-Øns‚ _p≤≥ (Buddha of brotherly love) en√n. 7. kulr-Z-Øns‚ _p≤≥ (Buddha of friendlines) t^mkvt_mƒ. 8. Icp-Wb - p-≈h - ≥ (Merciful) hneyw ÃoUv. saX-ø-bpsS Cw•ojv kam-\m-¿Yw a\- n-em°n ssa{Xn-b-bpsS Ad-_nIv kam-\m¿Y ]Zw At\z-jn°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ "dlvaØv' F∂ ]Zw AXpƒs°m≈p-∂X - mbn ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. dlvaØv F∂ ]Z-Øn\v loving, kindness, friendliness, compassion, mercy, benevolence F∂o A¿Y-ß-sf√mw tbmPn-°pw. A¿d-lvam≥, A¿dlow F∂o ]Z-߃ dlvaØv

F∂ ]Z-Øn¬\n∂v hyp¬]-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. dlv a Øv F∂ ]Zw ]q¿W- a mbpw saXø (Metteyya) F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿Yw Dƒs°m-≈p∂p F∂Xv `mjm-]-c-ambn Aw-Ko-I-cn-°s∏´ hkvXp-X-bmWv. saXø (Metteyya) F∂ ]Zw saX (Metta) F∂ ]Z-Øn¬\n∂v hyp¬]-∂-am-b-Xm-Wv. taX kq‡ (Mette Sutta)Øn¬ Cßs\ ImWmw: "HcΩ Xs‚ Poh≥ XrW-h¬K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v Xs‚ Ip™ns\ c£n-°m≥ {ian°pw t]mse, F√mhcpw kl-Po-hn-I-tfmSv Zbm-hm-bv]n¬ s]cp-am-d-s´.' ssa{Xnb _p≤≥ apl-ΩZv \_n(-k)-bm-sW∂v kq£va-]-cn-tim-[-\-bn¬ \ap°v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. Jp¿-B\ - n¬ A¬-Aº - n-bmAv A[ym-bØ - n¬ 107˛mw kq‡-Øns‚ A¿Yw Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p. ""temI-Ønse P\-hn-`m-K-߃°v Hc-\p-{K-l-ambn-´p-X-s∂-bmWv \ns∂ (ap-l-ΩZv \_n-sb) \mw Ab®n-cn-°p-∂Xv''. kqd Xu_-bnse 61-˛mw kq‡w: ""I]-Sh - n-izm-knI-fn¬Xs∂ as‰mcp hn`m-K-°m-cp-≠v. Ah¿ \_n°p at\m-th-Z\ D≠m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. (B-sc¥p ]d™m-epw) F√mw tIƒ°p-∂-h-\mWv At±-lsa∂v Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂p. (Hm \_o) \o (A-h-tcm-Sv) ]d-bp-I; \nß-fpsS \∑°v th≠n am{X-amWv F√mw sNhn-sImSpØv tIƒ°p-∂-Xv. At±lw A√m-lp-hn¬ hniz-kn°p-∂p. bYm¿Y hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw At±lw hniz-kn°p-∂p. \nß-fn¬ kXy-hn-izmkw ssIs°m-≠-h¿°v (A-t±lw al-Øm-b) Hc-\p-{K-l-am-Wv. (\n-ß-tfm¿°Ww) ssZh-Zq-X∂p at\m-th-Z\ D≠m-°p-∂h - ¿°p thZ\m-P-\-I-amb in£-bm-Wp-≈-Xv. ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]e-Xh - W apl-ΩZv \_nsb dlvaØv (ssa-{Xn-b) F∂mWv hnti-jn-∏n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. IqSmsX apl-ΩZv \_n Xm≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´Xv ImcpWy-Øns‚ {]hm-NI - \ - m-bn-´m-sW∂v ]d-™X - mbn lZokp-I-fn¬ ImWmw. DlpZv bp≤-Øn¬Xs∂ tZtlm-]{Zhw sNbvX i{Xp-°sf i]n-°m≥ kJm-°ƒ Bhiy-s∏-´t- ∏mƒ "Xm¶ƒ Ab-°s- ∏-´Xv i]n-°m-\s- √∂pw ssZh-Øn-te°v £Wn-°m\pw Imcp-Wy-hm-\m-bn-´p-amsW'∂pw At±lw ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. "ssa{Xnb'sb hni-Zo-Ic- n-°p∂ [mcmfw kw`-hß - ƒ \_n-bpsS PohnX-Øn-ep-≠v. Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ {]hm-NI - \ - m-bn-cp∂p aplΩZv \_n-sb∂Xv temI Ncn-{X-Im-c∑ - m¿ apgp-h≥ FSpØp-]-d™ Imcy-am-Wv.

apl-ΩZv \_n hnti-jm¬]-Xn∏v 157