Highrise

Santa Cruz County Fire Agencies Operations Manual

LOW-RISE / HIGH-RISE FIREFIGHTING OPERATIONS PLAN Adopted by the FIRE CHIEF'S ASSOCIATION of Santa Cruz County December, 1998

INTRODUCTION Effective fireground management at low-rise or high-rise fire incidents requires an organized and controlled approach to problem solving and resource utilization. Organization and control are what the Incident Command System (ICS) is all about. The procedures contained herein conform with the ICS to provide for: • Standardization of organizational structure • Definitions of terminology • Specialized areas of responsibilities • Operational procedures This plan is not an attempt to author another book on low-rise/high-rise tactics and strategy. However, some tactical guidelines will be addressed.

ORGANIZATION The implementation of the ICS will provide effective organization and management of resources for any jurisdiction confronted with a low-rise or high-rise incident. The organization shown on Chart One reflects the basic, familiar, Incident Command organization structure. Several specific positions have been added to provide for unique services and functions needed during a low-rise or high-rise incident. The specific positions added are: • • • • •

FIRST IN ENGINE COMPANY INTERIOR STAGING AREA MANAGER BASE STAGING AREA MANAGER LOBBY & SYSTEMS CONTROL SUPERVISOR STAIRWELL SUPPORT SUPERVISOR

The Incident Command System must be activated as soon as possible during a low-rise or highrise incident to eliminate any confusion for arriving resources. Specific ICS positions are filled as needed.

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COMMAND POST AND FACILITIES LOCATIONS This plan also identifies areas where specific command, functional and service facilities will be located.

• Command Post The Command Post should be located a minimum of 200 feet away from the fire building. This is mainly due to flying glass. On shorter buildings, this distance may be reduced. The location of the Command Post must be announced. The Incident Commander must consider a location that allows for overall control of the incident. It should allow for adequate observation of the firebuilding and also be easy to locate by incoming resources and cooperating agencies.

• Base Staging Area The Base Staging Area is, in essence, an "Exterior" staging area. It is referred to as "BASE" so as not to be confused with the Interior Staging Area. BASE should be located no closer than 200 feet to the building to allow for safety while the units and personnel are there. Its location must also provide for safe access into the building by fire personnel. BASE's location must be announced, must be easy to find and must provide to park anticipated resources.

sufficient room

A BASE Staging Area Manager needs to be assigned early on to insure control of the area and proper reporting to the Incident Commander.

• Interior Staging Area The Interior Staging Area, referred to as "STAGING" should be located a minimum of two floors below the fire floor. The area needs to be large enough to provide room for personnel and equipment that are ready to be assigned to Suppression/Rescue duties, provide for an area for exchanging SCBA bottles and also provide for an area for rest and relief. An Interior Staging Area Manager must be assigned as soon as possible to allow for the proper establishing and set up of the STAGING AREA.

• Operations Section Chief The Operations Section Chief will establish his/her location on the floor below the fire floor.

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COMMUNICATIONS PLAN During low-rise or high-rise incidents it may become necessary to utilize more than one frequency. This is especially true when more and more companies become committed to either suppression and rescue and/or support functions. Upon arrival of the first in company or officer a Tactical frequency should be requested. This will become the tactical frequency utilized by all resources assigned to the Operations Section. If the incident grows additional tactical and command frequencies should be requested and be utilized by companies and personnel assigned to the incident. When two separate frequencies are utilized, it will be necessary for certain individuals to monitor both frequencies. Chart Three identifies those individuals who will need to be able to monitor and transmit on both frequencies. In addition, the Incident Commander will have to monitor the original dispatch frequency for communications between the Command Post and the dispatch center. The utilization of "in-house" communications systems must be considered as part of the establishment of any Incident Communications Plan.

RESOURCES Resources are critical elements in a low-rise or high-rise incident. The Incident Commander must plan for the early activation of additional alarm assignments and Mutual Aid to insure that there will be adequate resources on scene, in a timely basis, to deal with the emergency. As a rule of thumb for every company assigned to a division or group assignment under the Operations Section, there should be at least one company available at the Staging Area and one company available at the Base Area. Any other companies or resources needed to support other functions must be added to the total number needed, as stated above.

GENERAL INFORMATION The following information outlines certain peculiarities in low-rise and high-rise firefighting.

• Preplanning Preplanning for low rise and high rise buildings should include locations of control panels and rooms, hydrant and water systems, building system control rooms. Special considerations should be given to each building by every department on the development of preplans on low rise and high rise occupancies and a need may be identified to also develop information sheets on elevator operations, communication systems, control panels, alarm systems, etc.

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• Heating and Air Conditioning System(HVAC) There are several different types of air conditioning systems in low rise and high rise structures. If you are uncertain about how a system operates, SHUT IT OFF. The building engineer should be immediately contacted for information concerning controlling the air conditioning system. Some systems, if not shut down, will circulate heat and smoke into the uninvolved portions of the structure. In others, the air supply can be shut down and the exhaust blowers used to evacuate the heat and smoke. When in doubt, shut off the system. The Lobby and Systems Control Supervisor shall have this responsibility (but in his absence, the Incident Commander will take action on this duty).

• Communications Generally, it is difficult to maintain adequate communications with portable radios inside these types of buildings as the masses of concrete and steel act as barriers to the radio waves. Sometimes an improvement can be effected by moving a few feet in one direction or another. Usually getting nearer to a window or outside wall will make a radical difference. Placing the antenna against or out of a window often eliminates all difficulties. If the fire is on one of the top floors, transmitting from the roof may eliminate most of the problems. If a reliable contact between the fire area and other areas, and the Incident Command Post cannot be maintained with portable radio, the Dispatch Center may be able to assist in relaying information over the radio or may be able to talk with the person in the building on a phone and then communicate with the Incident Command Post When radio or telephone communications cannot be established, utilize messengers. It is absolutely essential that all radio messages be acknowledged. If acknowledgement is not received, assume that the message did not get through. To enhance communications and to assist the IC a incident dispatcher should be requested to the scene via Net Com.

• Exterior Spread of Fire Personnel must remain constantly alert to the possibility of an outside vertical spread of the fire. This will require sending firefighting crews to the floor above the main fire. If firefighters are sent above the fire to control lapping from floor to floor, control of the vertical passageways must be maintained to provide safe exits for firefighters. Spread of fire in low-rise and high-rise structures present many the same problems as would been countered in protecting exposures at a ground level incident or stopping an attic fire. Personnel and equipment must get ahead of the fire. Putting out the burning material on the floor above the fire floor, only to find it has spread to the next floor, can continue on until several of the upper floors are involved. Note: Sometimes exterior application of water is feasible and should be considered.

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• Helicopters On some buildings, helicopters can transport firefighters and equipment to the roof if the elevators are not operational or are judged unsafe. There may be a number of civilians on the roof that must be moved to a safe area before a landing can be attempted. Helicopters can often be utilized to size-up a fire when access is difficult or prolonged. They are useful to warn of the exterior spread of fire and to watch for spot fires on adjacent roofs. Helicopter pilots should be aware that noise from their craft may disturb communications. They should not necessarily hover adjacent to the building or close to the ground When helicopters are requested, notify the Dispatch Center of their intended duties so they can respond properly equipped. Assign a Helicopter Coordinator and necessary personnel to prepare and maintain a helispot in a parking lot or street intersection and service the helicopter as needed. The helispot should be selected so that a clear route can be established and maintained any time helicopters are being used to lift equipment from a ground helispot to the roof of a building.

• Interior Stairways Until the fire has been located, the stairways shall be used to proceed to the fire floor. When it can be avoided, stairwells should not be used to remove heat and smoke from a building. If the fire floor is well involved, these stairwells will be required for organizing an attack upon the fire. In structures where the stairwell doors are kept locked, place a wedge or lock-stop in place every time a door is opened. Duct tape has been found useful in preventing lock latch from closing by allowing smoke barrier to close.

• Rescue and Evacuation The rescue of building occupants, and their removal to a safe location, should always receive first consideration at every fire and at other emergency incidents. Usually a prompt, aggressive attack on the fire and adequate ventilation procedures are the best methods of saving lives and preventing further extension of fire. Companies must be immediately sent to the involved floor(s) and to the top floor as these floors are where people die first. If the hazards are not too great, request the people to close the doors and remain where they are. If there is a danger of the fire extending to the upper floors, or if the people are apprehensive or insistent, evacuate or relocate them. When the upper floors of a high-rise building are involved, it may be more advantageous to establish a safe refuge area three or more floors below the fire. This may be easier and require less firefighters than allowing the people to descend from the structure. Some people are not physically capable of descending 20 or more flights of stairs. Police units may be requested to control bystanders and building occupants after they have been evacuated.

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• Salvage Salvage work should receive prompt attention. If all of the first alarm assignment is committed to firefighting and rescue, additional companies should be requested. Large quantities of sawdust are often required. Water vacuums may be obtained upon request from the Interior Staging Area Manager. If this type of material and equipment is going to be necessary, it may have to be special ordered from an "off incident" location.

• Standpipe and Sprinkler System Inlets Whenever an actual fire exists, a pumper(s) should be connected to the standpipe inlets and pump a minimum of 150 P.S.I. After the extent of the fire has been determined, this pressure may be varied to meet the on-scene requirements. One of the first-in engines should normally assume this duty. In addition, subsequent arriving engine(s) must be assigned to supply sprinkler systems. Consideration must be given to engine placement, while charging Fire Department Connections, so that the engine and personnel will not be subject to falling and flying glass. Fire attack companies should utilize their own hose packs and appliances. The house line and nozzles which are provided on the hose lines and some standpipe systems, are not always up to Fire Department standards. The hose may burst at high pressures and the nozzles may be small, straight-bore tips with no shut-offs. Pressures are usually controlled by orifice plates which allow a moderate nozzle pressure. When a greater quantity of water is needed, it is sometimes possible to remove the orifice plate at the outlet. If you are forced to use a house line, disconnect the hose provided and attach your hose pack. Companies must be prepared for acts of vandalism against the built-in firefighting appliances. Hoses may be cut, threads damaged and nozzles removed. It may be necessary to connect to outlets several floors below the fire if all outlets in the immediate area are damaged. If the combination standpipe system malfunctions, or is damaged beyond use, a hose line(s) will have to be laid up the stairwells: • The Base Staging Area Manager shall provide personnel and equipment necessary to accomplish this task. • The Stairwell Support Supervisor shall coordinate the operation.

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• Ventilation One of the major firefighting problems in low-rise and high-rise buildings is the ventilation of smoke. If a serious fire exists, attempt to provide cross-ventilation by opening, removing, or breaking out windows. The Police should keep bystanders and firefighters away from the base of the building. Recent tests have shown that pieces of glass (shards) will fall almost straight down. This is contrary to previous information that glass will sail for quite a distance. Heat and smoke should not be channeled into stairwells unless the fire is on the upper floor or the amount of heat and smoke does not warrant breaking out windows. When the stairwells are utilized for ventilation, the Division or Group performing these operations must be certain that lives are not endangered. This method of ventilation is extremely inefficient. The stairwells may be needed to provide firefighters with access to the fire floor above and permit evacuation of the building occupants. When the decision has been made to ventilate the floors above the fire, the floor by floor ventilation procedure starts at the top floor and works down.

• Overhaul Whether or not the elevators are operative, the overhaul will normally be conducted on the floor where the problem exists. If possible, channel water down floor drains, possibly by removing a toilet. If stairwells are utilized, dam other door openings. If it can be prevented, water or other debris should not be removed through window or other above-ground exterior openings.

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SPECIFIC OPERATION PROCEDURES AIR SUPPORT

RESPONSIBILITIES Consideration for use of Helicopters will be determined by the Incident Commander. The intended needs will be relayed to Communications identifying number and size of helicopters.

• Availability Air National Guard Coast Guard CDF

• Manage All Helicopter Activities with Respect to Logistics Functions Resources (number and size Helicopters) Personnel Auxiliary Equipment

• Air Support Officer is Subordinate to the Operations Officer

• Develop Organization Sufficient to Accomplish Mission Determination must be made early as to intended or potential use of helicopters for logistics functions.

• Emergency Suppression Activities are Under Operations When such functions occur, helicopters and involved personnel are functionally detached from Air Support and assigned to Operations until released. Those personnel in the helicopter or working with the helicopter in Emergency Suppression activities are functionally under Operations. Support activities for the helicopters such as fueling, loading, etc., continue as an Air Support activity under Logistics.

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ESTABLISH LOCATIONS • Helispot A location where a helicopter can land and take off, location within general incident area for parking, fueling, maintenance, etc., of helicopters. Helispots(LZ) should normally be assigned an engine company for safety and crash/rescue.

• Rooftop: Survey Fire Building Conditions, People, Obstacles Make early survey of rooftop conditions. Determine need for helicopter, assign personnel to clear obstacles, control people, etc. Announce Helibase location to Communications, Incident Commander, and Logistics.

STRATEGY AND TACTICS • Consult with Logistics Officer as to Planned, Potential Helicopter Missions Due to time factors, early determination must be made as to planned and potential use of Helicopters.

• Access Resource Needs Command Communications Equipment Apparatus Personnel Reliefs

• Give Assignments • Potential Rooftop Logistics Personnel and equipment may be flown from Helicopter base to roof. Personnel shall be equipped with full protective clothing, equipment. If conditions warrant, personnel can then be directed to carry equipment down stairwell to Interior Staging and report in to Interior Staging in reverse. Another method is to fly equipment only to roof, Ground Support Force to deliver equipment from roof to Interior Staging.

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SPECIFIC OPERATION PROCEDURES BASE

INTRODUCTION The Incident Base is the location at which primary support activities are performed. The Base will house all apparatus, equipment, and personnel, support operations between Base and Staging. All resources will travel from Base to Staging.

RESPONSIBILITIES Manage all Base Control activities. Direct company personnel and equipment from Base to Staging. Maintain Records.(ICS 214)

ESTABLISH LOCATIONS Block street. Utilize off-street parking lot. Police assistance when available.

STRATEGY AND TACTICS Confirm location with Incident Commander. Consult with Incident Commander and Exterior Staging for minimum staffing reserve. Initial control of traffic. Stock apparatus equipment and personnel pool.

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BASE MANAGER — DUTY CHECKLIST

Radio Identifier: BASE Duty Position - Responsibility: Establish and maintain a staging area for incoming resources and disperse by priorities.

Duty Checklist: q

Obtain situation briefing from immediate supervisor

q Don position identification vest q

READ ENTIRE DUTY CHECKLIST

q

Assess situation

q

Appoint and brief personnel, as needed

q

A minimum of one company is recommended

q

Establish and identify a Base Staging Area with these considerations

q

Be away from danger zone (at least 200 feet from involved building)

q

Be large and well-identified

q

Be readily accessible to large equipment and numerous personnel

q

Be arranged so that resources can be easily dispersed

q

AREA MUST BE TIGHTLY CONTROLLED

q

Coordinate with law enforcement agency for area and access control

q

Establish communications and advise of location with: q

Immediate Supervisor

q

Interior Staging Area Manager

q

Lobby & Systems Control Supervisor

q

Incident Commander

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q

Order and disperse resources: q

Order additional resources from IC

q

Disperse as directed by Interior Staging Area Manager

q

Have arriving units unload needed equipment via the Lobby & Systems Control Supervisor

q

Prioritize items: forcible entry tools, hose bundles, air supplies

q

When directed, secure operations and release units under your supervision

q

Forward reports through channels to the Logistics Section Chief

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SPECIFIC OPERATION PROCEDURES COMMAND POST STAFF

RESPONSIBILITIES Manage All Command Staff Functions Assigned by INCIDENT COMMANDER Establish Command and functional Organization Utilizing Individual Officers, Members: • Organization established according to need. • Utilize responding Staff Specialists to form nucleus of organization. • Plan: 1) Radio Operator 2) Water Officer 3) Recorder/Documentation 4) Information Officer 5) Safety Officer 6) Liaison Officer 7) Staging Officer

ESTABLISH LOCATIONS Assigned Work and Reporting Areas for Personnel Will Vary Depending On Functions or Activity Considerations • Accessible, or removed from Command Post. • Communication capability. • As necessary, provide isolation barriers around Command Post.

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STRATEGY AND TACTICS Consult with Appointing Authority Authority, Constraints, and Scope of Involvement With Respect To: • Incident dispatcher Incoming/Outgoing Communications dispatched Recording and Documentation. • Water Officer: Refer to Plans and Section Chief assignments. • Recorder/Documentation: Refer to Plans and Section Chief Assignments. • Public Information Officer: Assigned member to coordinate dissemination of Public Information to: 1) News Media 2) Dispatch Office 3) Authorized Agencies, Individuals • Safety Officer: Assigned Officer to access, identify and report hazardous conditions; unsafe activities within incident area. Clarify assignment with respect to: 1) Emergency authority, control methods of implementing 2) Accident investigation 3) Records • Liaison Officer: Assigned Officer to coordinate liaison with outside agencies. Clarify assignment with to: 1) Active and potential agency involvement 2) Staffing requirements 3) Communication, report methods 4) Records • Equipment Location Refer to Plans and Division Chief Officer: assignments.

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SPECIFIC OPERATION PROCEDURES Division Group Supervisor

ESTABLISH LOCATION Location Most Advantageous to Manage Operation Announce Location to Subordinates and to Operations Officer Consider Communication Capability

STRATEGY & TACTICS • Consult with Operations Involves broad overall strategy: • Fire Attack • Fire Behavior - spread, lapping, fire load, etc. • Rescue/Evacuation • Ventilation • Salvage Each listed item must be given separate consideration. • How to handle • Resource requirement (personnel and equipment) • Staffing and relief requirements

• Communicate Strategy, Tactics to Subordinate Command Officers Inform subordinates Direct their activities Inform subordinates of changing conditions

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• Communicate with Operations Anticipate needs and advise: • Present and future needs; relief, companies, equipment, etc. • Communication methods • Stairwell, elevator, rooftop conditions

• Wrap-up Investigate and determine cause Plan and organize overhaul

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SPECIFIC OPERATION PROCEDURES BASE (Exterior Staging)

INTRODUCTION The objective of Base (Ground Level) is to provide a resource area for all manpower and equipment arriving at the scene of the emergency at a later time.

RESPONSIBILITIES Verify Location of Base with Incident Commander Manage All Operations at Base • Apparatus Parking and security • Company Standby Area • Equipment Pool Area • Traffic • Pedestrian Control Around Building Deliver Equipment from Staging to Base • If large amounts of equipment are to be moved, transportation should be via fire apparatus or pick up, if available. • Direct Personnel to Staging through Base, Marshaling area for Personnel and Equipment IMPORTANT: Organize early. (If not - mass confusion.) Provide Personnel to Manage Base until Company is Assigned

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ESTABLISH LOCATION Apparatus • Block street for Base. Preplan: Use first available apparatus to block street intersection, another apparatus to block opposite intersection.

at one

• Utilize off-street parking lot, if available. • Police assistance when available. (Not on scene initially.) • Control Apparatus Parking Preplan Diagonal Parking of Apparatus: 1) Will leave portion, if street open 2) Takes less space 3) Orderly 4) Better control 5) Demobilization Exterior Staging Command Location • Control • Communication Equipment Pool Location • Selection of the Exterior Staging Area should be in an area large enough to accommodate arriving apparatus, equipment, and tools. • Orderly arranged. • Companies to bring priority equipment from their apparatus. Take equipment from the closest apparatus. Company Reserve Stand By Area • Keep company together. Reserve Apparatus Stand By Area • Remove from congestion with space to expand and respond.

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STRATEGY AND TACTICS Confirm location of Base with Incident Commander and Logistics: • All Companies report to Base location.

Prepare and move priority equipment: • The personnel in charge of this function are responsible to determine a safe route of entry to the building. • Coordinate with Staging, Logistics, and Base. • Everyone takes equipment into building when leaving Base area. • If no request for resources, use judgment.

Consult with Incident Commander and Logistics for: • Minimum Staffing Reserve. • Establish Reserve, order through Logistics.

Maintain records: • Assign specific personnel. • Keep a running inventory of apparatus, manpower, and equipment available at the Staging area. This information should be made available to the Incident Commander. • Company units: (in, out, on hand, on the way). • Equipment: (needed, on hand, sent aloft). • Request: (Personnel, Equipment).

Initial Control of Traffic, Pedestrians: • Law enforcement assistance • Use Reserve Companies to augment your staff needs.

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FIRE ATTACK TEAM — DUTY CHECKLIST

Radio Identifier: Use radio number until ICS position is assigned.

Duty Position - Responsibility: Make visual check on floors below the fire while ascending to the fire floor, make initial size-up, determine nature and extent of involvement, communicate information to IC and initiate rescue and fire attack. This position will usually be held by the Company Officer of the First In Company.

Duty Checklist: q Obtain information regarding fire prior to ascending q Lock box for keys and/or floor plans q Check Fire Alarm Panel and/or Security Systems for indication of fire conditions q Check HVAC system and control location q Verify any built-in communications systems q Designate IC prior to ascending q Operator of First In Company temporarily can act as IC until a ranking Officer arrives, or q Relay information to next in nuits and advise. q Initiate water supply operations q Determine permanent supply q Charge each system with a separate engine q Pre-Ascent checklist q Gather crew and equipment at stairwell q Take minimum equipment aloft q SCBA and 1 spare bottle per fire fighter q Portable radios q Keys and forced entry tools q Flashlights q Hose packs q Make any necessary information exchange with IC

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q USE STAIRWELLS ONLY q Ascend to fire floor q Keep crew together q Observe conditions on all floors of a building 5 or less stories in height. or q Observe conditions on floors starting 3 floors below the suspected fire floor for buildings 6 or more stories in height. q Observation of these floor should include: q Smoke and/or fire conditions q Occupants q Basic layout/floor plan q Suitability for a safe refuge area minimum 3 floors below fire floor q Suitability for Staging Area minimum 2 floors below the fire floor q Suitability for Operations Chief's positioning minimum of 1 floor below the fire floor q When determining suitability, consider: • Need for large open areas for Staging and the refuge area • Ease of access into stairwells q Make sure all standpipe valves are CLOSED q Observe conditions on the floor ABOVE fire floor q SIZE UP fire floor q Determine any rescue problems q Determine fire and smoke conditions q Determine spread, make sure to check above dropped ceilings q RELAY ALL GATHERED INFORMATION TO INCIDENT COMMANDER q Attack Fire q Connect hose lines to standpipe discharge on floor below fire floor q Protect vertical openings q As assistance arrives, check for vertical extension

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SPECIFIC OPERATION PROCEDURES STAIRWELL SUPPORT

INTRODUCTION The objective of the Ground Support Force is to transport personnel and a given item/items of equipment and/or tools from ground level stairwell entrance to the Interior Staging floor area. This will be a team effort.

RESPONSIBILITIES Move Priority Equipment (Via Stairways) from Stairwell Entrance (Ground Level) to Hallway (Interior Staging Area): • Subordinate to the Logistics Officer. • Communicate with Interior Staging. Until the elevators have been inspected and judged safe, the stairways must be used to move equipment and personnel to the Interior Staging area to any other portion of the building as directed.

ESTABLISH LOCATION Designated Stairwell, to be used — designated by Systems Control.

STRATEGY AND TACTICS Information: Determine Assignment — Attempt to Assign: • One member per two floors. • One Officer per five floors. •

Staging is Responsible for Taking Equipment from Ground Support:

• Stairwell may become filled with smoke — members retain breathing apparatus at landing. NOTE: A Ground Support Force may also be utilized for equipment movement from the roof down. AIR SUPPORT may be used to deliver priority equipment to the roof. Ground Support Force assignments and procedures are similar to those outlined above.

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INCIDENT COMMANDER — DUTY CHECKLIST

COMMUNICATIONS: DISPATCH NET:____________________ COMMAND NET:____________________ TACTICAL NET:____________________ TACTICAL NET:____________________

DUTY POSITION: The Incident Commander is responsible for all incident activities including establishing objectives, approving the final action plan, filling command and general staff positions as needed and approving the requesting and releasing of all resources.

DUTY CHECKLIST: q Obtain briefing from current INCIDENT COMMANDER q Obtain building Pre-plan if available q For confirmed fire: q Officially establish command, if not already established q Obtain Tactical Frequency q Request additional Alarm Assignment q Request additional staff officers q Identify Command Post location q Identify Base Area q Start establishing initial ICS positions q Fire Attack Team q Division Supervisor q Water Group Supervisor q Base Staging Area q Operations

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q Identify Staging Area q Request traffic control q Request building responsible person(s) to respond

q Verify Safety of Building Occupants q Primary search of area completed q Selective or complete evacuation of building q Total evacuation from building q Move citizens to safety area within building located at _____________________ q Occupants not threatened, verify for extension above fire area q Verify for Extension Above Fire Area q Fire on Floors Above q Smoke Extension on Floors Above Assure adequate water supply to handle incident q Assure Adequate Water Supply to Handle Incident q Supply each separate building system with a separate engine q Assure Adequate Personnel to Handle Incident q Request additional personnel to provide sufficient suppression/rescue forces and relief. Maintain the same number of relief companies in Staging and at the Base. q Establish support elements (IC is responsible for the following functions until the positions are filled): q Base

q

q Ground Support

Information q

Safety

q Security

q

Liaison

q Logistics

q

Planning

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SPECIFIC OPERATION PROCEDURES INCIDENT COMMANDER

RESPONSIBILITIES

• Manage All On-Scene Operations The Incident Commander is responsible for the overall management of the incident. IC will prepare the incident objectives, approve the final action plan, fill command and general staff positions as needed and approve all requests for ordering and releasing of resources.

• Establish the Incident Organization As the incident grows, the command and general staff and line supervision will expand as needed. Primary emphasis should be given to fill command positions early in the incident. Minor Incident: • Establish IC and command post • Fire Attack/Investigation • Operations 1) Division/Group Supervision 2) Systems Control 3) Staging • Base Area (exterior staging) Major Incident: • Build upon and augment the basic organization of a minor incident. • Activate County Plans as needed 1) Multiple Casualty Incident Plan 2) Hazardous Materials Response Plan

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• Determine Adequacy of Resources Give primary and early consideration beyond a first alarm assignment. • Number of companies required on fire floor • Rescue and Evacuation control • Ventilation • Salvage • Relief companies • Person(s) responsible for the building • Etc. Consideration of operations and logistical needs: • Staging • Expanded operating area • Ground support • Air support • SCBA support • Rehabilitation • Outside agencies 1) Law enforcement 2) Utilities 3) EMS providers 4) Canteen services • Additional Command Officers

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• Direct Activities of Command and General Staff and Positions are Filled Operations Chief: • Assign and clarify overall responsibilities. • As Division and/or Group supervisors may already be in place, Operations must be of the objectives and action plan and what supervisors and already operating. Command Staff (Liaison, Information, Safety) • Assign and clarify overall responsibilities. Logistics Chief: • Assign and clarify overall responsibilities. Planning Chief: • Assign and clarify overall responsibilities.

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ESTABLISHING LOCATIONS

• Command Post Minimum 200 feet from building. Consider location for overall control of incident. Consider location of observation ability. Announce location to communications.

• Base (exterior staging) All units reportto this location unless otherwise assigned. Minimum 200 feet from building. Consider safe entry and exit points to building for fire personnel. Announce location to communications.

• Staging First fire attack company will make an initial assessment of the fire area. They will advise IC on fire conditions and IC will then establish and announce the location of the Staging Area. A minimum of two floors below the fire floor.

• Air Support Establish helispot location one half mile distance from building. Consider noise, wind and traffic congestion.

• Other Multi-casualty medical area. Press area. Etc.

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STRATEGY • Consult with Operations, Planning and Logistics for Overall Strategy: Fire Attack. Rescue/Evacuation. Fire Behavior- spread, lapping, fire load, etc. Ventilation. Salvage. Resources: • Establish relief, medical and special companies. • Staging and Base to maintain a workable reserve. 1) Rule of Thumb: maintain the same number of companies at both the Staging Area and the Base Area. Communications: • Establish Command and Tactical channel(s) • Consider using messengers to carry messages. Wrap-up: • Investigation: origin and cause. • Overhaul. • Demobilization.

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SPECIFIC OPERATION PROCEDURES STAGING

INTRODUCTION The objective of the Staging is to establish an area below the fire (usually two floor) which will serve as an Staging Area and support for Fire Attack.

floors below fire

RESPONSIBILITIES

• Select Location of Staging Area Consider the size of the area — use rooms or offices. Areas selected should be large enough to handle stockpiles of equipment, relief crews, and rehabilitation area for fire fighting crews.

• Plan Layout of the Staging Area Consider number of functions, activities to be performed. All needed equipment and reserve manpower will be centralized at this location. Store same type and like equipment in same areas

• Manage all Staging Area Activities Control of reserves and rehab personnel; maintenance of reserve equipment; first aid station.

•

STAGING is subordinate to the INCIDENT COMMANDER AND/ OR OPERATIONS.

• Communicate with Logistics to Assure Equipment Received.

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ESTABLISH LOCATION

• Personnel Reserve. Rehabilitation (separate reserve personnel from rehab personnel, use rooms or offices). Medic unit for medical monitoring of personnel.

• Equipment Separate and group equipment when received at the Interior Staging Area. The Interior Area Office is responsible to take it from: • Ground Support. • The elevator, if it is in use. When equipment is received at the Staging Area, it is then placed into equipment groupings. Example: • Like equipment together. • Full air bottles separated from empty air bottles. (Mark all empty bottles.) Provide a full breathing apparatus exchange. Provide personnel to change bottles for working fire fighters. Provide separate first aid station. MAKE UP SIGNS AND TAPE ON WALL IDENTIFYING THE DIFFERENT STATIONS OR AREAS.

STRATEGY AND TACTICS • Confirm Incident Commander of the Staging location Normally two (2) floors below fire floor.

• Consult with Logistics and Operations (Give consideration to) minimum staffing reserve: Fire fighting crews and personnel working above this floor are expected to: • Obtain their equipment needs from this location. • Make their equipment needs known to the Staging Officer. • Arrange relief for their crews from this location.

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• Send relieved crews to this location for rest and rehabilitation.

• Control Area Assign specific personnel for control of areas. Example: •

Staging or Systems Control.

• Rehabilitation Area.

• Base or Exterior Staging Area. • First Aid Area. If the stairwell entrance to the Staging Area is not controlled, incoming companies may mistakenly continue to the fire floor.

• Maintain Records Assign Specific Personnel to record Companies, COMMAND Officers, Rehabilitation, Reserve, and equipment that are assigned.

• Determine Equipment Needs Use judgment in attempt to provide Operations with all equipment needs. In absence of Operations requests, make up list and order from LOGISTICS: • Air Bottles. • Hose with fittings. • Breathing Apparatus (Complete). • Smoke Ejectors. • Forcible entry tools. • Salvage Equipment. • Resuscitator. • Pike Poles. • Consider need for extra fittings.

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LOBBY/SYSTEMS — DUTY CHECKLIST

Radio Identifier: LOBBY Duty Position - Responsibility: Coordinate communications and movement of resources from ground floor to Staging Area via Stairwell Support. Control access and egress of resources. Control elevator usage , utilities, HVAC systems and builtin communications.

Duty Checklist: q

Obtain situation briefing from immediate supervisor

q

Don position identification vest

q

READ ENTIRE DUTY CHECKLIST

q

Assess situation

q

Appoint and brief personnel, as needed q

q

q

q

Normally requires a minimum of one company

Establish, identify and control lobby area q

Main point of entry

q

Lobby

Establish communications, advise of location and when operational with: q

Stairwell Support Supervisor

q

Base Area Manager

q

Immediate supervisor

Early consideration should be given to the following: q

Assure water supply is adequate

q

Control of elevators/air handling systems(HVAC)

q

Obtaining building keys/building engineer

q

Check annunciator panels, if applicable for addional alarms

q

Stairwell support, if needed

q

Organizing resources

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q

Maintain log of companies entering and leaving building

q

Lobby Control personnel should have breathing apparatus and hand lights available

q

When directed, secure activities and release units under your supervision

q

Forward reports through channels to the Operations Section Chief

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SPECIFIC OPERATION PROCEDURES LOGISTICS OFFICER

RESPONSIBILITIES

• Manage All Primary Logistics Functions Staging, Systems, Exterior Staging, Ground Support, Air Support, Communications, and Breathing support Subordinate to the Incident Commander. Responsible for all phases of Logistics which support the emergency operations.

• Establish Functional Organization Components: • Companies. • Individual Officers. • Reserves. Organize an functional organization, as necessary to support the operations. Example: • Systems may be handled by a single company. • Ground Support may require one company or more. • Air Support may require a B/C, with a sub-organization.

• Coordinate Personnel and Equipment Resources • Requires continual assessment.

• Request Support Facilities and Supplies • Supply and Maintenance. • Department Utilities. • Public Utilities.

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ESTABLISH LOCATION • Logistics Officer Flexible as to need (Command Post, Systems, Staging, etc.). Natural progression: Report in to Staging, assess operations. If possible, communicate with other subordinates at Systems, Operations Area, etc. Upon establishment of command, physical location depends upon need.

• Subordinates Subordinate Officers will normally remain at functional locations (Systems, Interior and Base, etc.). Control Communications.

STRATEGY AND TACTICS • Consult with Incident Commander Resources (Personnel and Equipment): • Fire Suppression Activities. • Logistics Activities. • Reserves. Consider Resources for: • Personnel and equipment for fire suppression activities in the Building. • Personnel and equipment for logistics activities at Base and Staging, Air Support, etc. (Maintain reserve resources at staging and Base.)

• Communicate Strategy, Tactics to Subordinate Command Officers (Systems, Operations, etc.) Make sure Subordinate Officers know their duties, responsibilities. Make sure all phases are covered. (No break in chain.)

• Maintain Communications Operational at All Times Access overall communication; determine need for change or augmentation. Radios — If needed or available.

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SPECIFIC OPERATION PROCEDURES OPERATIONS Chief

RESPONSIBILITIES

• Manage All Primary Suppression and Rescue Operations Operations • Fire Attack. • Rescue/Evacuation. • Ventilation. • Salvage. • Overhaul. Responsible for management of all primary Suppression and Rescue Operations.

• Establish Functional Organizations • Establish according to needs. • Build as early as possible in order to maintain control. • Attack Teams and Staging officers are subordinate to Operations.

ESTABLISH LOCATION Operations Officer located inside building in most advantageous position to manage operations. Inform immediate subordinates of such position. If in a moving position, aide should be in a stationary position. In position, consideration must be given to communication capability.

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SPECIFIC OPERATION PROCEDURES PLANS

RESPONSIBILITIES

• Manage All Planning Section Functions Situations Status (SIT/STAT) Water Resource Equipment Location Documentation

• Establish Functional Organization Components: • Aides • Individual Officers, Members Organization established according to need. • Aides will handle radio/field phone; place equipment in readiness; maintain status (fire ground situation and list all units, companies, Command Officers assigned to incident).

records

• Water Resources Units shall be activated as necessary to assess overall water supply; recommend solutions for existing or potential water supply problems (building and supply to building). • Locate and record placement of equipment and position of Division Officers. • Documentation Unit should be activated for major fires or unusual incidents in order to provide comprehensive, chronological, and accurate documentation regarding incident. Documentation serves varied administrative needs and provides accurate information for post-fire critiques.

• Control Resources, Maintain Records All requested resources for the incident shall be ordered through the Incident Commander (Command Post). Records shall be maintained to the total resources assigned to incident.

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ESTABLISH LOCATIONS • Command Post Personnel Assignments as Needed Aides Radio Operator. Water Officer. Recorder/Documentation. Public Information Officer. Safety Officer. Liaison Officer. Staging Officers.

STRATEGY AND TACTICS • Consult with Incident Commander Overall strategy — Incident Control. Manage Command Post subordinate to INCIDENT COMMANDER. Includes: • Making Assignments. • Issuing Orders. • Managing.

• Resources Department — Determine adequacy of Department resources. Outside Agencies — Determine need for: • Police. • Water and Power Department. • Elevator Maintenance. • Etc.

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• Job Assignment SIT/STAT (Assign aide to handle situation status). Record. RES/STAT (Assign aide to handle Resource Status). Record. Obtain T Cards for all resources All resources to be ordered will be dispatched through Command Post. Water Resource Officer: • Assign responsible Officer or member to access water supply conditions. 1) To the building. 2) Inside the building. • Considerations: 1) Adequacy of mains. 2) Adequacy of pumps (Department). 3) Adequacy of sources of water to stand pipes. 4) Adequacy of pumps (Building). 5) Adequacy of water (at extinguishing locations). 6) Contingency recommendations. • Direct Water Resource Officer to report findings. Documentation Officer: • Assign responsible officer to compile incident documentation records. • Direct Documentation Officer as to scope of activity, information desired, and format for submission.

• Wrap-up Investigation: Probable Cause, as directed by Incident Commander and coordinate with Arson Unit. Demobilization: (Consult with Incident Commander as to overall plan). Overhaul: (Consult with Incident Commander as to determination of overhaul methods.)

responsibility,

• Building management involvement. Transfer of Incident Command: • At time of transferring IC back to subordinate level of command, ascertain that demobilization and overhaul plans are clear and understood. Notify Fire Alarm and All Officers of this transition.

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STAGING MANAGER — DUTY CHECKLIST

Radio Identifier: STAGING Duty Position - Responsibility: Establish and supervise staging area to keep fire suppression forces supplied with resources.

Duty Checklist: q

Obtain situation briefing from immediate supervisor

q

Don position identification vest

q

READ ENTIRE DUTY CHECKLIST

q

Assess situation

q

Appoint and brief personnel, as needed q

q

q

Normally requires a minimum of one company

Establish and identify Interior Staging Area with these considerations: q

Large area, normally two floors below the fire floor

q

Be readily accessible and arranged so that resources can be easily dispersed

q

AREA MUST BE TIGHTLY CONTROLLED

q

Provide an area for a medical aid station

q

Maintain separation rehabilitation and fresh crew area

q

Stockpile equipment in an organized manner, like type and kind

Establish communications, advise of location and when operational with: q

Operations Section Chief

q

Stairwell Support Supervisor

q

Base Area Manager

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q

Order and Disperse resources: q

As directed by Operations Section Chief

q

Prioritize resource needs with Lobby Control and Base Staging Area Managers

q

Maintain predetermined reserve levels

q

Anticipate resources required q

Consider equipment/time limitations

q

Maintain status of companies

q

Equipment needed for personnel q

Breathing apparatus

q

Handlights

q

When directed, secure activities and release personnel under your supervision

q

Forward reports through channels to the various Section Chiefs

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STAIRWELL SUPPORT SUPERVISOR — DUTY CHECKLIST

Radio Identifier: STAIRWELL Duty Position - Responsibility: Supervise and coordinate movement of resources from Lobby Control to Staging via stairwells.

Duty Checklist: q

Obtain situation briefing from immediate supervisor

q

Don position identification vest

q

READ ENTIRE DUTY CHECKLIST

q

Assess situation

q

Position and brief personnel, as needed q

q

One firefighter per floor is recommended

Establish means of communications and advise when operational with: q

Staging Area Manager

q

Lobby & Systems Control Supervisor

q

Immediate supervisor

q

Coordinate activities with Staging Area Manager and Lobby Control Supervisor

q

Stairwell Support personnel should have breathing apparatus and hand lights available to them

q

Anticipate additional resource needs for: q

Stairwell conditions (smoke, traffic, lighting, etc.)

q

Distance and time to Staging Area floor

q

Long hallways (separated stairwells)

q

Relief (extended operations)

q

When directed, secure activities and release personnel under your supervision

q

Forward reports through channels to the Operations Section Chief

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SPECIFIC OPERATION PROCEDURES SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION Maintain control over ventilation, elevators, fire protection, utilities, air conditioning, and annunciator panel systems within the building, complex, or other applicable environment. (Includes high-rise and low-profile buildings, petroleum installations, flood control gates, etc. Shall also provide information as needed to ground support regarding safe avenues of travel.

RESPONSIBILITIES Manage All System Activities: • Elevators, Fire Control Room, Stairwell access, Priority Equipment movement, Building Engineer Contact. Subordinate to the Operations. Responsible in the initial stages for readying the building for Emergency operations.

ESTABLISH LOCATIONS Elevators: • Elevator Control locations, determine elevator status, and assign personnel the responsibility of operation. Stairwells: • Locate ground floor locations, determine safe means of travel for arriving companies.

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STRATEGY AND TACTICS

• Obtain All Necessary Keys, Issue According to Need: (Elevator, Stairwell doors, air handling access, etc.) Keys will be found in the Lock boxes provided, or Fire Control Room.

• Check Elevators Safety considerations: • Did the elevator just come down from the fire floor? • Is there a way of immediately communicating with the fire floor? • Are elevators equipped with Firefighters service controls? (Manual) Designate elevators for use: (Personnel or equipment only) • Equipment only, requires coordination at Systems and Operations. Elevators must be returned to automatic operation to open at designated floor on arrival. If there is a possibility that elevator may be called to fire floor or other floors for occupants, do not attempt.

• Designate Stairwell Use Direct incoming companies; Place member at stairwell entrance for control; Distribute keys, if required. Provide a safe means of egress to persons descending into the lobby due to evacuation of building.

• Air Handling System Control all air circulation systems to the building. If in doubt, shut down system. After consultation with Building Engineer, decision may be made to use system for smoke removal. Coordinate activity with building representatives and the Building Engineer, it they are available.

• Maintain Records Assign specific personnel. Initially maintain records of: • Companies aloft (method of ascent). • Equipment sent aloft (general).

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LOW-RISE / HIGH-RISE Appendices

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