Hebraic Haggadah 2008

epzreyil dcbd Declaration of our Salvation And it shall be when your children shall say to you, “What is this service to you?” And you shall say to them, “It is the sacrifice of the Passover of dedi who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, in smiting Egypt, but our houses He delivered.”

:m«¤k¨l z`Ÿ−Gd d¬cŸa£r«d d²n m®¤kip§A m−¤ki¥l"` E¬x%n`Ÿ«iÎi¦M d¾*id+e Æ dÀ*eŸdi«©l `E¹d gq¸¤RÎg©a«4f m¿7Y%xn"`«9e m:i½x§v=n§A l>`x%U:iÎi«p§a i³>Y¨AÎl©r gÂq¨R x´7W"` li®¦S=d Epi´>Y¨AÎz7`+e m:i−x§v=nÎz7` F¬R+b*p§A

gmt zevn xexn

Preface 1. Passover commemorates the deliverance of the Children of Israel from four hundred thirty years of bondage in Egypt. The Passover is one of the “seasons of YAHWEH1” as set forth in the 23rd chapter of Leviticus. As YAHWEH commanded, we observe Passover during the month Abib, the first month of the year2. The term Passover, as used in the Hebrew Scriptures, refers to: a. The 14th day of the first month3, the date on which the lambs were sacrificed; b. The lamb that was sacrificed4 whose blood was smeared on the door posts of the houses of the Children of Israel and those Egyptians who feared YAHWEH; and c. The event 5in which YAHWEH passed over (spared) the houses of the Children of Israel when he smote the first born of Egypt; Over the course of time, the term Passover has come to also include the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the 15th through the 21st days of the first month, as unleavened bread is an integral part of the Exodus from Egypt. 2. The account of the Exodus from Egypt is rehearsed by those known as Hebrews, Israelites and Jews6 throughout the world. Traditionally, the account of Passover is told during a service called the Seder7 using a Haggadah8, the book that serves as the guide, script, and liturgy of the Passover Seder. Regrettably, the Rabbinical Jewish Seder includes elements that are in conflict with or inconsistent with the Hebrew Scriptures and YAHWEH’s instructions concerning Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread. Most noticeably, the Seder plate includes a roasted egg, which has no basis in the Hebrew Scriptures or Good News9 and is suspiciously reminiscent of an Easter egg. Traditions are not necessarily in conflict with the word or will of God. Some traditions, while not commandments of God, have value and are beneficial. This Messianic Hebraic Haggadah is a genuine effort to rehearse the account of the Passover free of those traditions of men, which are in conflict with or inconsistent with YAHWEH’s instructions concerning His appointed season. Furthermore, this Haggadah points out the Messianic revelations imbedded in the accounts and rites of the Passover and how those prophecies are fulfilled by Yahushua Ha Mashiach10. 1

YAHWEH (literally “He Who Exists”) is the Supreme Authority’s, i.e. God’s name forever - Exodus 3:14, In Exodus 12:2, YAHWEH established Abib as the first month of the year vs. the seventh month called Tishri on the Rabbinical Calendar. Abib is the only month named in the first five books of the Hebrew Scriptures. All other months are numbered. Abib corresponds to March/April on the Gregorian calendar. 3 Leviticus 23:5 4 Exodus 12:21, 2nd Chronicles 35:6 5 Exodus 12:13 6 Differences in terminology reflect ethnic, cultural, and theological differences 7 Seder comes from a Hebrew root meaning order 8 Haggadah comes from a Hebrew root meaning to tell or to declare 9 Isaiah 52:7 (a.k.a. the New Testament, Renewed Covenant or B’rit Ha Khadashah in Hebrew) 10 Yahushua means YAHWEH Saves or YAHWEH is Salvation. Yahushua vs. Yeshua or Jesus is the name given by Yosef and Miriam to her firstborn son in strict compliance with the instructions given them by the messenger Gabriel. Ha Mashiach means “The Anointed” Christos in Greek 2

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xcmd Order of Service

Order

Service

Scriptural Reference Numbers 10:1 – 7, Psalms 81:3 - 4

Page(s)

1

Sounding of the Shofar

2

The Sh’ma (Hear O’ Israel)

3

Passover Blessings

4

When Your Children Shall Ask

5

God’s Covenant with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob

6

The Rehearsal of the Exodus from Egypt

Exodus 12:26 - 27 Genesis 15:1 -15, 26:1 – 5 and 28:10 - 22 Exodus Chapter 1 through Chapter 15:20

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The Song of Moses (Abbreviated)

Exodus 15:1 - 21

16

8

A Shadow of Things to Come

17

9

Yahushua Fulfills the Passover

Leviticus 23:4 - 14 Deuteronomy 18:15 John, Chapters 13 - 21 Matthew Chapters 26 – 28, Mark Chapters 14 – 16, Luke Chapters 22 – 24, 1st Corinthians 5:7 – 8 and 11:23-29

10

Summation Psalm

Psalm 105

19

11

The Aaronic Blessing Parting Hymn Adon Olam (Sovereign of the Universe)

Numbers 6:22 - 27

19

The Psalms

20

12

Deuteronomy 6:4 Leviticus 23:4 – 14, John 4:1 -14 & 6:35

APPENDIX Communion on Pages 21 - 24

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4 4 5 6-7 7 7 - 16

17 - 19

epzexgl lecb xteya rwz Sound the Great Horn for Our Freedom

1. The Seder leader (or one he/she so designates) sounds the shofar to call the assembly together (Numbers 10:1 - 10, Psalm 81:3 - 4). Make thee two trumpets of silver; of beaten work shall you make them; and they shall be to you for the calling of the congregation, and for causing the camps to set forward. And when they shall blow with them, the entire congregation shall gather themselves unto you at the door of the tent of meeting. And if they blow with only one, then the princes, the heads of the thousands of Israel, shall gather themselves unto thee. And when you blow an alarm, the camps that lie on the east side shall take their journey. And when you blow an alarm the second time, the camps that lie on the south side shall set forward; they shall blow an alarm for their journeys. But when the assembly is to be gathered together, you shall blow, but ye shall not sound an alarm. And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall blow with the trumpets; and they shall be to you for a statute for ever throughout your generations. And when ye go to war in your land against the adversary that oppresses you, then ye shall sound an alarm with the trumpets; and ye shall be remembered before the LORD your God and you shall be saved from your enemies. Also in the day of your gladness, and in your appointed seasons, and in your new moons, ye shall blow with the trumpets over your burnt offerings, and over the sacrifices of your peace-offerings; and they shall be to you for a memorial before your God: I am the LORD your God.

rny 2. The Sh’ma

l`xyi rny epidl` dedi cg` dedi ceak my jexa cre mlerl ezekln

Hear O’ Yisrael YAHWEH is our Supreme Authority YAHWEH is One Blessed be His Glorious Reputation His Kingdom is Forever and Ever

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gqtd zekxa 3. Passover Blessings Blessed are you YAHWEH our Supreme Authority, King of the Universe The Supreme Authority of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob, Who has sanctified us by the blood of Yahushua our Messiah and, in the abundance of Your mercy, has kept us alive and preserved us, and brought us to this appointed season of YAHWEH. Blessed are You YAHWEH our Supreme Authority, Who has given us Living Water to drink that we thirst no more And the Bread of Life to eat that we not hunger Blessed are You YAHWEH our Supreme Authority who has planted everlasting life in our midst. Amen and Amen

mlerd jln epidl` dedi dz` jexa awri idl`e wgvi idl`e mdxa` idl` epgiyn reyedi mca epycw xy` epniwe epigdy,jcqg axae dfd dedi crenl epribde mlerd jln epidl` dedi dz` jexa zezyl miig minÎz` eplÎozp xy` cer `nvi `le arxi `le lk`l miigd mgle epidl` dedi dz` jexa epkeza rhp mler iig on`e on`

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z`Ÿ−Gd d¬cŸa£r«d d²n 4. When Your Children Shall Ask: A child is selected to ask one of the following questions regarding the Passover or all of the children ask each question at the same time. Each question is then answered by the adults: Child/Children: “What is this service to you?” Exodus 12:26 Adult: “It is the sacrifice of the Passover of YAHWEH who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when He smote Egypt, but our houses He delivered.” Exodus 12:27 “It is because of what YAHWEH did for me when I came forth out of Egypt” Exodus 13:8 Child/Children: What is this? Exodus 13:14 Adult: “By strength of hand YAHWEH brought us forth out from Egypt from the house of bondage. And it came to pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go, that YAHWEH slew all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man, and the firstborn of beast;…” Exodus 13:14 – 15 Child/Children: “What do the testimonies, and the statutes, and the judgments mean, which YAHWEH our God has commanded you?” Deuteronomy 6:20 Adult: “We were Pharaoh's bondmen in Egypt; and YAHWEH brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand. And YAHWEH showed signs and wonders, great and sore, upon Egypt, upon Pharaoh, and upon his entire house, before our eyes. And He brought us out from there that He might bring us in, to give us the land which He swore unto our fathers. And YAHWEH commanded us to do all these statutes, to fear YAHWEH our God, for our good always, that He might preserve us alive, as it is at this day. And it shall be righteousness unto us, if we observe to do this entire commandment before YAHWEH our God, as He hath commanded us.”

c*i w4fŸg§A With a Strong Hand (2x) With a strong hand and an outstretched arm He brought them out of the land of Egypt By the hand of Moses and Aaron his brother He did many wonders A night to be (much) observed is upon us The feast of unleavened bread draws nigh No leaven shall be eaten Neither shall a morsel be found in our house

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d®*iEh+p ©rF´x+fE c*i w4fŸg§A m:i«x§v=n u>x7`>n mzF` i¦vFd ei=g` oFx"d`+e d7WŸn c9i§A zFAx zF`¨l§t:p dU¨r Epi¥l£r mi=xEO=W l¥l ax%w:i zFSOd bg u«>ng l−¥k`«i `¬÷ Ep>zi¥a§A xŸx§v `¬¥vO:i `¬÷+e awrile wgvil mdxa`l dedi zixad 5. YAHWEH’s Covenant with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob Seder Leader: The account of the deliverance of the Children of Israel from Egypt begins with the blood covenant that God swore unto Abraham by his name YAHWEH and confirmed with Isaac and Jacob. The following passages are read by volunteers or selected members of the assembly. a. Genesis 15:1 – 15 b. Genesis 22:1 – 24 c. Genesis 26:1 – 5 d. Genesis 28:10 – 22

6. The rehearsal of the Exodus from Egypt The children of Israel were fertile and prolific, multiplied, and increased very greatly, so that the land was filled with them. Now a new king arose over Egypt who did not know Joseph. He said to his people, "The Children of Israel are much too numerous for us. Let us deal wisely with them otherwise they will further increase so that when our enemies attack us in war they may join them and get out of the land."

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Therefore he set taskmasters over them to oppress them with forced labor, and to build store cities for Pharaoh, Pithom and Raamses. But the more they were oppressed, the more they increased. The Egyptians began to dread the Children of Israel, so that they dealt ruthlessly with the children of Israel. They made their lives bitter with hard labor with bricks and mortar and work in the fields. The king of Egypt commanded the Hebrew midwives that when they tend to the Hebrew women giving birth, "If you see that the child is a boy, kill him.” But the midwives feared God and did not do as the king ordered. Therefore Pharaoh ordered his own people, "Every male child born of a Hebrew woman must be thrown into the Nile." Now there was a certain Hebrew woman of the tribe of Levi who gave birth to a boy. She hid him for three months. When she could no longer hide him she made a basket of reed grasses and caulked it with bitumen to seal it. She placed the child in it and placed the basket among the reeds by the river. Shortly after, (as it was the plan of God) the daughter of Pharaoh came walking along the bank of the river, she and her maidens, and spied the basket among the reeds. She commanded one of the slave girls to fetch it. When she uncovered the baby it was crying. As soon as she saw the child she loved it. Meanwhile the sister of the child stood some distance from the river to observe what would become of the basket. When she saw that the daughter of Pharaoh embraced the child, she approached Pharaoh's daughter and said, "Shall I get a wet nurse for you so that she can nurse the child for you?" Now Pharaoh's daughter realized that the child was a Hebrew. Therefore, she agreed with the girl and sent her to fetch the wet nurse. The girl immediately went to her mother to give her the good news. The mother was given back her own son by the mercies of God. Pharaoh's daughter said to the woman, "Take this child and nurse it and I will pay you your wages." The woman gladly took the child and did as she was told. When the child was weaned, she brought the child back to Pharaoh's daughter who made him her son. Because she took him out of the water she called him Moses. When Moses grew up he went out to see his people. He grieved in his heart to see them groaning under their labors. At this time he saw an Egyptian striking one of his countrymen. He looked around and saw that the coast was clear; so he struck the Egyptian so that he died. When Pharaoh heard the news of the killing, he sought to slay Moses. Moses fled to Midian. The priest of Midian had seven daughters. Their job was to water their fathers flock. As was their custom, on a certain day, they brought the sheep to be watered, but the shepherds drove them away. Moses observing this came to their rescue. When the' girls returned home so quickly their father inquired as to how this was possible. They told their father that an Egyptian rescued them from the shepherds. Reuel, the Midianite priest invited Moses to eat with them. Moses was pleased to stay with the man. So Reuel gave Moses one of his daughters for a wife, her name was Zipporah. She bore Moses a son, Gershom.11 Moses began to tend his father-in-law’s sheep. One day he drove the flock into the desert and came to Horeb, the mountain of God. As he passed by a certain place he spied a bush. It was on 11

Literally “a stranger there” because Moses said, “'I have been a stranger in a strange land.” Exodus 2:22

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fire, but miraculously the bush was not consumed. Moses seeing this approached the bush to get a better look. Suddenly the voice of God called to him out of the burning bush, "Moses, Moses, do not come any closer! Remove your sandals from your feet. The ground you are standing on is holy ground. I am the God of your fathers Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.” Moreover YAHWEH said to him, "I have seen the hardships of my people in Egypt and have come down to save them from the Egyptians; and to bring them to the land of Canaan, a land flowing with milk and honey. Come now, I will send you to Pharaoh so that you will free my people.” Upon hearing this Moses was greatly dismayed. Moses replied "When I come to the Children of Israel and say to them, the God of your fathers has sent me to you to deliver you and they say, what is his name, what should I tell them?” YAHWEH said, "Tell them Ehyeh Ahsher Ehyeh (I Shall Be What I Shall Be). Thus shall you say to the Children of Israel, Ehyeh (I Shall Be) has sent me to you.” And God said furthermore to Moses, “Thus shall you say to the Children of Israel, YAHWEH12 The Supreme Authority of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, has sent me to you. This is my name forever. Go, and gather the elders of Israel together, and say unto them, YAHWEH, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob, hath appeared unto me, saying, I have surely remembered you, and seen that which is done to you in Egypt. And I have said I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt unto the land of the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Amorite, and the Perizzite, and the Hivite, and the Jebusite, unto a land flowing with milk and honey.” Moses expressed his fear of returning to Egypt because Pharaoh had sought his life after he killed the Egyptian. YAHWEH told Moses that he need not fear because that Pharaoh had died. YAHWEH assured Moses that He would be with him when he returned to Egypt, after Moses expressed doubts about speaking to the king of Egypt. YAHWEH showed Moses two miracles-He made Moses' staff turn into a snake; and changed the color of his hand. Moses believed God. He returned to his father in-law and asked for leave to return to Egypt to see how his countrymen were doing. Moses and his wife and their son set out for Egypt. At the site they chose to rest for the night God revealed to Moses that the child should be circumcised. This custom was appalling to Zipporah but nevertheless she took a flint stone and circumcised him herself. On the way back Moses met his brother Aaron concerning whom God had told him would be his spokesperson. As soon as Moses and Aaron returned to Egypt they went before Pharaoh and declared this proclamation, "Thus says the God of Israel--Let my people go!" Pharaoh answered and said, "Who is this God. I do not know him, and I will not let the people go. Moreover I will make the people work even harder because they are idle saying let us go into the wilderness to worship our God." So Pharaoh commanded that there be no more straw given to the people to make bricks and that they must provide their own straw. However, the tally of the bricks previously provided must not decrease. The children of Israel scattered throughout the land of Egypt to gather straw. The taskmasters hastened the people with whips and verbal reprimand saying, "Fulfill your 12

God gives two answers regarding His name in response to Moses’ question. Both answers are derived from the Hebrew verb “to exist” not to be confused with the English verb “to be.” The first answer, I shall Be What I Shall Be (not I Am That I Am), is someone cryptic. It incorporates the future tense of the verb “to exist” and is therefore prophetic. What God “Shall Be” is firstly Israel’s Salvation, which Israel proclaims in song following the Red Sea crossing, and subsequently mankind’s Salvation. I Shall Be What I Shall Be is never used again in the Hebrew Scriptures. The second answer, YAHWEH, incorporates the present tense of the verb “to exist” affirming that His continual existence. YAHWEH was the name known to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and is God’s name forever.

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quotas!" The people cried to Pharaoh concerning the lack of straw. But Pharaoh answered them saying, “You are idle. You are idle therefore you ask to go into the desert to worship.”

As soon as the people came out from before Pharaoh they confronted Moses and Aaron saying, “YAHWEH look upon you and what you have done. You have made us loathsome to Pharaoh and his servants. You put a sword in his hand to destroy us!" Moses returned to YAHWEH in dismay and cried out. "Adonai,13 why did you bring harm to this people? Because I came to Pharaoh and spoke in your name he has done worse to this people than before I came." YAHWEH answered Moses and said, "You shall soon see what I will do to Pharaoh. He will let them go because of the might with which I will deal with him. He will drive them out. I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and great chastisements. I will take you to be my people, and I will be your God, and you will know that I am YAHWEH who has freed you from the Egyptians. I will bring you into the land that I swore to your fathers Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. I will give it to you for a possession (forever)." So Moses and Aaron returned to Egypt to confront Pharaoh in the name of God. AGAINST ALL THE GODS OF EGYPT14 Now the Lord told Moses and Aaron, when Pharaoh commands you saying show a miracle, have Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh and it will become a snake. So Moses and Aaron came before Pharaoh and did so and the rod became a snake. The magicians of Egypt cast down their rods also and they became serpents also, but Aaron's rod swallowed up their rods. Yet the heart of Pharaoh was hardened so he would not heed their petition. The Lord said to Moses, "Pharaoh is hard hearted. He refuses to let the people go. Therefore, go in the morning to meet him. He will be coming out to the edge of the Nile. Take the rod that turned into a snake and confront him. Say to him, “YAHWEH God of the Hebrews has sent me to tell you, let my people go that they may worship me in the wilderness."

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Here Moses addresses God as “Adonai” literally “My Lords” the qualitative plural of Adoni i.e. My Lord Exodus 12:12 and Numbers 33:4 - Each individual plague seems to be targeted to a specific deity in the Egyptian pantheon with the tenth plague being the cumulative death blow to the entire pantheon at once

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YAHWEH said to Moses, “Tell Aaron to take the rod and hold it over the river that all the waters of Egypt may turn to blood; the rivers, the canals, its ponds and all bodies of water." He lifted up his rod and smote the water and there was blood throughout all the land of Egypt, so that the land stank, neither could the Egyptians drink the water because of the blood. But Pharaoh turned and went to his palace and paid no heed to this second sign. When seven days had passed since the Lord had Aaron smite the waters; the Lord said to Moses, "Go to Pharaoh and say to him, thus says the Lord: Let my people go that they may worship Me! If you refuse to let them go, I will plague your land with frogs. The Nile will swarm with frogs. They shall come up and enter your palace, your bedchambers and your houses and upon you and your servants. The Lord said "Tell Aaron to hold out his arm with the rod over the rivers, so that the canals and ponds may bring up the frogs on the land of Egypt. Aaron did so and the frogs came up and covered the whole land of Egypt. The magicians of Egypt, with their spells, brought frogs upon the land also. Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, "Plead with YAHWEH to remove the frogs from me and my people and I will let the people go to sacrifice to YAHWEH." Moses said to Pharaoh, "When shall I plead on your behalf that the frogs be cut off from your homes, that they may be found only in the river?” "Tomorrow," he replied. So Moses and Aaron went out from before Pharaoh and prayed to YAHWEH and the frogs died out from the houses, the courtyards and fields. They piled them up in heaps. The land stank because of them. When Pharaoh saw that the frogs were gone he hardened his heart and would not let the people go. (His heart was hardened by the will of God that God might multiply his wonders against Egypt.) And YAHWEH said to Moses, "Tell Aaron to hold out the rod and strike the dust of the earth and it shall turn to lice throughout the land of Egypt." Aaron held out his arm with the rod and struck the dust of me earth, and the vermin came up upon man and beast. The magicians of Egypt tried to duplicate this marvel but could not. Moreover they declared to Pharaoh, "This is the finger of God!" But Pharaoh's heart stiffened and would not heed them as God had spoken. And YAHWEH said to Moses, "Get up early in the morning to meet Pharaoh as he comes out to the water, and say to him, ‘Thus says YAHWEH, Let My people go that they may worship Me. If not I will let loose swarms of insects upon you and your servants. They will be in your homes and on the ground that you stand upon, but they shall not be in the land of Goshen where my people dwell." And YAHWEH did so. Swarms of insects came up upon the land; in Pharaoh's palace and the houses of his servants. Egypt was ruined because of the swarms of insects. Again Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said plead with God that the insects be taken away from me and my people and then go sacrifice in the land! But Moses said cattle are an abomination to the Egyptians. "If we do this in the presence of the Egyptians they will stone us. We must go at least three days in to the wilderness to sacrifice to our God.” Pharaoh replied, “Very well go but do not go very far. Intercede for me. "Moses said,” I will plead for you, but let not Pharaoh deal deceitfully any longer in not letting the people go." So Moses left the presence of Pharaoh and prayed to God. God removed the insects from Pharaoh and from his servants. Not one remained. Nevertheless, Pharaoh stiffened his heart again.

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THE PLAGUE OF PESTILENCE The hand of YAHWEH struck the livestock, the horses, the asses and the sheep in the field. THE PLAGUE OF INFLAMMATION Then YAHWEH said to Moses and Aaron, "Each of you take handfuls of soot from the oven and throw it toward the sky. It will become fine dust all over the land of Egypt.” Yet again Pharaoh hardened his. Heart and would not let the people go. THE PLAGUE OF HAIL YAHWEH gave command and hail fell upon Egypt such as never happened before or after. YAHWEH warned Pharaoh and his servants, cattle left out in the open field would be destroyed. Those who feared God gathered their livestock under cover. Those who didn’t left them out in the open field and they died. Pharaoh remained stubborn. THE PLAGUE OF LOCUSTS YAHWEH commanded and locusts came up on the land of Egypt very grievously. There was never such like it before or after. They ate every green thing--grass and trees. Pharaoh hurriedly Summoned Moses and Aaron and said, "Plead for me to your God that He take away this plague also.” Moses did so but he still refused to let the people go. THE PLAGUE OF DARKNESS YAHWEH said to Moses, "Hold out your arm toward heaven that there be darkness throughout all the land of Egypt, darkness that can be felt. But, there will be light in the dwelling place of Israel.” And there was darkness for three days throughout all the land of Egypt. Yet Pharaoh remained obstinate. THE SLAYING OF THE FIRST BORN YAHWEH said to Moses, "I will bring one more plague upon Pharaoh and upon Egypt, after that he will let you go, he will drive you out with haste.” Moses called all the elders of Israel together and said to them, "Go pick out lambs for your families, and slaughter the Passover offering. Take a bunch of hyssop, dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and apply some of it to the lintel and the two doorposts of your houses. This way the destroying angel will see it and pass over you.”

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d¨l+iÀ©Nd i´¦v"g«©A i´=d+i9e And it Came to Pass at Midnight YAHWEH struck down all the first-born throughout all the land of Egypt, from the first-born of Pharaoh to the first-born of the captives in the dungeon, and all the first-born of cattle. A great cry went up in all the land of Egypt. There was not a house that there was not at least one dead. So Pharaoh arose that night, he and his servants, and began to thrust the Children of Israel out of his land. At that time the Children of Israel plundered the Egyptians by asking them for gifts of gold and silver and articles of clothing. So the children of Israel went out of Egypt with a high hand and gladness of heart. Since the Children of Israel were thrust out of Egypt they had no time to leaven their bread, therefore eating bread without leaven is part of the ordinances of the Passover season. The eating of bitter herbs is done to typify the bitterness of servitude in Egypt. A lamb of the first year is selected; the use of a goat is also lawful. The animal must be perfect without blemish. Between the Evenings15 of the fourteenth day of the first month it is slaughtered and roasted whole and eaten after nightfall, (which is the fifteenth day of the month) and that night only. If any of the Passover Lamb remains until morning it cannot be eaten. It must be burnt with fire. It is the duty of all Children of Israel to observe this Appointed Season.

The Passover Meal The lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs, the three foods prescribed to commemorate the Passover, are now served. A blessing is recited for each of the three prescribed foods. After each blessing is recited, a small amount of each item is eaten. After the prescribed foods are eaten, other traditional foods with symbolic meaning pertaining to the Passover such as kharoseth16, karpas17 may be served.

The Hebrew expression miaxrd oia (Bein Hah Arbayeem) is accurately translated “Between the Evenings” vs. twilight, dusk, eve, or evening. This expression refers exclusively to the timing of a sacrifice i.e. the “Evening Sacrifice” and the time specified for the slaughter of the Passover lamb. It is approximately halfway between noon and evening, roughly corresponding to the “ninth hour” when Yahushua expired on the execution stake. 16 A mixture of fruit, grape juice and nuts used to symbolize mortar used by the Hebrew slaves in Egypt 17 A vegetable other than bitter herbs, such as parsley or celery dipped in salt water (which represents tears) 15

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gqtd dkxa Blessing for the Passover Lamb Blessed are you YAHWEH ELOHIM, King of the Universe Who set us apart and commanded us concerning the eating of the Passover Lamb

mlerd jln epidl` dedi dz` jexa gqtd dy zlik` lr epzieve epycw xy` zevnd dkxa Blessing for the Unleavened Bread Blessed are you YAHWEH ELOHIM, King of the Universe Who set us apart and commanded us concerning the eating of Unleavened Bread

mlerd jln epidl` dedi dz` jexa zevnd zlik` lr epzieve epycw xy` xexnd dkxa Blessing for the Bitter Herbs Blessed are you YAHWEH ELOHIM, King of the Universe Who set us apart and commanded us concerning the eating of Unleavened Bread

mlerd jln epidl` dedi dz` jexa xexn zlik` lr epzieve epycw xy`

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After Pharaoh released the Children of Israel, God didn’t lead them by the way of the land of the Philistines18, although that was near. For God said, ‘If the Children of Israel are confronted by war with the Philistines, they may be discouraged and want to return to Egypt.’ So God led them in the opposite direction, by the way of the wilderness by Yam Suf19. And the children of Israel went up armed out of the land of Egypt. And Moses took the bones of Joseph with him because Josef bound the Children of Israel by an oath, saying, “God will surely remember you and you shall carry up my bones away from here with you.” And YAHWEH went before them by day in a pillar of cloud and by night as a pillar of fire so they could travel both by day and by night. And YAHWEH advised Moses that he would harden Pharaohs heart once more. When Pharaoh realized the Children of Israel had departed, he said to his people, “What have we done in letting the Children of Israel go from being our slaves?” Pharaoh prepared his army and all of his chariots including six hundred of his elite chariots and pursued after the Children of Israel because they had put the Egyptians to shame. Pharaoh and his army overtook the Children of Israel encamped by Yam Suf. When the Children of Israel saw Pharaoh’s approaching army they were terrified and cried out to YAHWEH. And they said to Moses, “Is it because there were no graves in Egypt that you led us into the wilderness to die? Didn’t we tell you while we were still in Egypt to leave us alone to serve the Egyptians, since it would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the wilderness?” And Moses said to the people, “Do not be afraid. Stand still and see the Salvation of YAHWEH which He will work for you today. While you have seen the Egyptians today, you will see them no more forever.”20 And the LORD said unto Moses, “…Lift up your rod and stretch out your hand over the sea, and divide it; and the children of Israel shall go into the middle of the sea on dry ground. And I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they shall go in after them; and I will get Me honor upon Pharaoh, and his entire army, upon his chariots, and upon his horsemen. And the Egyptians shall know that I am YAHWEH, when I have gotten Me honor on Pharaoh, on his chariots, and on his horsemen.” And the messenger of God, who went before the camp of Israel, removed and went behind them; and the pillar of cloud removed from before them, and stood behind them; and it came between the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel; and there was the cloud and the darkness here, yet gave it light by night there; and the one came not near the other all night. And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea; and YAHWEH caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided. And the Children of Israel went into the middle of the sea on dry ground; and the waters were a wall on their left and right. And the Egyptians pursued, and went in after them into the middle of the sea, all Pharaoh's horses, his chariots, and his horsemen. And it came to pass in the morning watch, that YAHWEH looked on the army of the Egyptians through the pillar of fire and of cloud, and discomfited the Egyptian troops. And He took off their chariot wheels, and made them to drive heavily; so that the Egyptians said, “Let us flee from the face of Israel; for YAHWEH fights for them against the Egyptians.” And YAHWEH said unto Moses, “Stretch out thy hand over the sea that the waters may come back upon the Egyptians, upon their chariots, and upon their 18

i.e. the “Via Maris” along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea Popularly known as “The Red Sea” The Hebrew “Yam Suf” means “End Sea” i.e. the sea at the southernmost end of the Sinai Peninsula 20 See Deuteronomy 28:68 19

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horsemen.” And Moses stretched his hand over the sea; and the sea returned to its strength when the morning appeared; and the Egyptians fled against it; and YAHWEH overthrew the Egyptians in the middle of the sea. And the waters returned, and covered the chariots, and the horsemen, even all Pharaoh’s troops that went in after them into the sea; there remained not so much as one of them. But the children of Israel walked on dry land in the middle of the sea; and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left. Thus YAHWEH Saved Israel that day out of the hand of the Egyptians; and Israel saw the Egyptians dead upon the seashore. And Israel saw the great work which YAHWEH did on the Egyptians, and the people feared YAHWEH; and they believed in YAHWEH, and in His servant Moses.

7. The Song of Moses (Abbreviated from Exodus 15:1-21) Then sang Moses and the children of Israel this song unto YAHWEH, and spoke, saying: I will sing unto YAHWEH, for He is highly exalted; the horse and his rider hath He thrown into the sea. YAH is my strength and song, and He Has Become My Salvation; this is my God, and I will glorify Him; my father's God, and I will exalt Him. YAHWEH is a man of war, YAHWEH is His name. Who is like You among the mighty ones, YAHWEH? Who is like You, excellent in holiness, revered in praises, doing wonders? YAHWEH will live forever and ever. And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand; and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances. And Miriam responded to them: Sing to YAHWEH, for He is highly exalted: the horse and his rider hath He thrown into the sea.

xŸ®n`¥l E−x%n`Ÿ«I9e d½*eŸdi«©l Æz`ŸGd d³xi=XdÎz7` l¹>`x%U:i i¸p§aE Ád7WŸnÎxi=W«*i f´` D½*i Æzx%n:f+e i³:G¨rT:m«*I©a d¬nx F−a§kŸ«x+e qE¬q d½`*B dŸ´`*bÎi«¦M Æd*Fdi«©N dxi³=W` Wi´=` d−*Fd+iTb :Ed+p«7n%nŸ«x"`«9e i−¦a` i¬>d÷V` Ed½e+p`+e Æi¦l>` d³4f d®¨rEWi«¦l i−¦lÎi=d+i«9e d½*eŸd+i Æm¦l>`«¨A d¨kŸ³n¨kÎi«=n :F«n%W d−*Fd+i d®ng§l=n `¤l«¤t d>UŸ¬r z−ø=d%z `¬xFp W7cŸ®T©A x´C%`4p d¨kŸ−n¨M i¬=n c«¤r*e m¬¨lŸr§l K−÷%n:i d¬*Fd+i oŸ²x"d«` zF¯g"` d¹`i¦a+Pd m¸*i%x=n ÁgT=Y T:z«÷Ÿg%n¦aE mi−¦R]z§A di½7x"g«` Æmi=W*PdÎl¨k *To`³¤v>Y9e D®c*i§A sŸ−YdÎz7` m«*I©a d¬nx F−a§kŸ«x+e qE¬q d½`*B dŸ´`*bÎi«¦M Æd*Fdi«©l Exi³=W m®*i%x=n m−7d¨l o©r¬Y9e

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8. A Shadow of Things to Come: Leviticus 23:4-16 - Colossians 2:16 – 17. These are the appointed seasons of YAHWEH, holy rehearsals, which you shall proclaim in their appointed seasons. In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month between the evenings, is YAHWEH’s Passover. And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread to YAHWEH. Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. In the first day you shall have a holy rehearsal; you shall do no manner of servile work. And you shall bring an offering made by fire unto YAHWEH seven days; in the seventh day is a holy rehearsal; you shall do no manner of servile work. The Hebrew word cren (Mau-Ahd), as used in the 23rd Chapter of Leviticus, is best translated “appointed season” vs. feast. Each of the appointed seasons of YAHWEH is a permanent injunction that commemorates a past event and is a shadow or picture of a facet of His coming Salvation. YAHWEH defines his appointed seasons, including His Seventh Day Sabbath, as holy rehearsals. The Hebrew expression, ycw i`xwn (Miqrah Quodesh) is best translated “holy rehearsal” vs. holy convocation. The Hebrew root word `xw (Quarah) means read, recite or in this case, rehearse. Each time we observe Shabbat (Sabbath), Pesach (Passover), Khag Ha Matzot (Feast of Unleavened Bread), Shabuot (Pentecost), Yom Teruah (Trumpets), Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) and Succuot (Feast of Tabernacles) we are rehearing a facet of YAHWEH’s plan of salvation in the sequence He brings it to pass. Therefore Shaul21 admonished the gentile Colossians who had come to faith, “Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of a holy rehearsal, or of the new moon, or of the Sabbath, which are a shadow of things to come, except the body of Messiah.”22 9. Yahushua Fulfills the Passover: Luke 24:44-45 And He said to them, “These are the words which I spoke to you while I was still with you, that all things must be fulfilled which were written in the Law of Moses and in the Prophets and in the Psalms concerning Me.” Then He opened their understanding to understand the Scriptures23. 1st Corinthians 5:7: Yahushua is our Passover. Exodus 12:3-6: The Passover lamb is selected on the 10th day of the first month and examined to ensure it is without blemish. Matthew, Chapters 20 – 27:24, Mark Chapters 11 – 15:14, Luke Chapters 18 23:22, John 12 - 18:38: Yahushua entered Jerusalem on the 10th day of the first month, expelled the merchandisers from the temple, taught in the temple and was tried by the chief priests and elders and then by Herod the Tetrarch and finally by Pilate. The chief priests, Pharisees and Sadducees could find no fault in His teachings. Therefore, they 21

Popularly known as Paul i.e. the Ecclesia, the Congregation of Believers in Messiah or the Church 23 i.e. the Hebrew Scriptures, which are divided into the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Writings, of which the Psalms are a major portion 22

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brought charges of blasphemy against Yahushua and tried Him in an unlawful forum. Even so, they could find no fault in Him and brought false charges of sedition against Him before Pilate. Pilate first deferred to Herod the Tetrarch who found no substance in their charges. Ultimately, Pilate found no fault in Yahushua. Exodus 12:6: And the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it between the evenings. John 13:1, 19:14-42: Yahushua was put to death on the execution stake on the 14th day of the first month, which is the Passover. The Passover itself is not a day during which work is prohibited. During Passover, preparations are made for the Feast of Unleavened Bread, during which “servile work” is prohibited. Therefore concerning the Passover, the day Yahushua was crucified, John writes, “It was the preparation.” Passover, as each of YAHWEH’s holy rehearsals on His lunar calendar, may fall on any day of the week. The Passover that year was on the 4th day of the week (called Wednesday) not the sixth day of the week (called Friday). The Feast of Unleavened Bread was the “High Sabbath” John refers to. It is one of three “High Sabbaths” on YAHWEH’s calendar as written in Deuteronomy 16:16, “Three times in a year shall all your males appear before YAHWEH your God in the place which He shall choose: in the Feast of Unleavened Bread, and in the Feast of Weeks, and in the Feast of Tabernacles.”24 Matthew 27:46, Mark 15:34, Luke 23:44-46: Yahushua expired on the execution stake between the evenings. Matthew 12:39-40, Mark 16:4, Luke 11:29: Yahushua was resurrected after a full three days and a full three nights, fulfilling the sign of Jonah, as He said, “as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the fish so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.” Yahushua was buried just before nightfall on the 4th day of the week (called Wednesday) a few hours after he expired on the execution stake, but before the beginning of the Feast of Unleavened Bread on the 5th day of the week (called Thursday). He was resurrected at the conclusion of the Sabbath, at the start of the first day of the week (called Sunday), thus precisely fulfilling His prophecy concerning the sign of Jonah. Leviticus 23:9-16: YAHWEH commanded Moses and the Children of Israel that when they entered the promised land to offer a sheaf25 of the first fruits of their harvest as a wave offering on the day following the weekly Sabbath. The day following the weekly Sabbath of the Feast of Unleavened Bread begins the counting of the Omer, the countdown to Shabuot. Acts 1:1-5, Acts 2:1-4, 1st Corinthians 15:12-23, Revelations 1:1-6: Yahushua fulfilled first fruits upon his resurrection. The wave offering of the first fruits is prophetic of the resurrection of Yahushua, which 24

The term “High Sabbath” is not used anywhere in the Hebrew Scriptures in reference to any of YAHWEH’s appointed seasons including the weekly Sabbath. Neither is it used in the Hebrew Scriptures in reference to any of the other appointed seasons coinciding with the weekly Sabbath, as is often supposed. The term “High Sabbath” came into use to refer to the three pilgrimage festivals, Feast of Unleavened Bread, Feast of Weeks and Feast of Tabernacles. Also, see page 2 regarding the evolution of the use of the term Passover. 25 Hebrew “omer” a unit of measure of barley

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He prophesied would be three days and nights after He was put to death on the execution stake. In the Hebrew Scriptures, a sheaf is used to typify a person or persons (Genesis 37:5-11). Yahushuah will return to earth (Zechariah 14:4) during His second coming as King over all the earth. He also will bring the sheaves (the believers in Yahushua as the Messiah) with Him (Psalm 126, Mark 4:26-29, Jude 14). The Essence of Passover for the Body of Messiah: Don’t you know that a little leaven leavens the whole lump of dough? Purge out therefore the old leaven that you may be a new loaf, as ye are unleavened. For even the Messiah our Passover is sacrificed for us. Therefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness; but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth. (1st Corinthians 5: 7 -8)

ziteq dldz 10. Summation Psalm: Psalm 105 is fitting for the rehearsal of the Passover. It summarizes Passover beginning with the covenant that YAHWEH made with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and culminates with YAHWEH’s provision of bread from heaven and water from the rock. Yahushua is that unleavened bread of life, which if we partake we will no longer hunger and the living water, which if we drink we will thirst no more. He is the rock of our salvation for Yahushua is YAHWEH and YAHWEH is Yahushua.

l®>`x%U:i i´p§AÎz7` E−k"x«¨a%z dŸ¬M 11. The Aaronic Blessing: Numbers 6:24 - 26 The English translation following the Hebrew below may appear strange or even sacrilegious. However, this more literal translation captures the essence and spirit of the blessing from the original Hebrew.

L«7x%n%W:i+e d−*Fd+i ¬L§k7x«¨a+i *J«4P]gi«:e Li−¤l>` ei²*p¨R d¯*Fd+i x¸>`*i mF«lW −L§l m¬>U*i+e Li½¤l>` Æei*p¨R d³*Fd+i `¸V:i YAHWEH (He who exists) will kneel before you presenting gifts and will guard you with a hedge of protection. YAHWEH (He who exists) will illuminate the wholeness of His being toward you bringing order and He will provide you with love, sustenance and friendship, YAHWEH (He who exists) will lift up His wholeness of being and look upon you and He will set in place all you need to be whole and complete26.

26

Brenner, Jeff A. Ancient Hebrew Resource Center. http://www.ancient-hebrew.org/12_blessing.html The Aaronic Blessing. Copyright © 1999-2007

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mler oec` 12. Adon Olam Sovereign of the Universe who reigned ere any creature yet was formed. At that time when all was made by His desire, then was His Name proclaimed as King. And after all shall have come to an end, He alone shall reign in awe. He was, He is, and He shall be in honor. And He is One, and there's no other, to compare to Him to contend with Him. Without beginning, without end and to Him belongs strength and dominion. And He is my God, and my redeemer lives, The Rock in my travail in the time of my distress. And He is my banner and my refuge, the portion of my cup in the day that I shall call. Into His Hand I commit my spirit, when I sleep and when I awake, And with my spirit, my body also, YAHWEH is with me and I will not fear.

‫אדון עולם אשר מלך בתרם כל־יציר נברא‬ ‫לעת נעשה בחפצו כל אזי מלך שמו נקרא‬ ‫ואחרי ככלות הכל לבדו ימלך נורא‬ ‫והוא היה והוא הוה והוא יהיה בתפארה‬ ‫והוא אחד ואין שני להמשיל לו להחבירה‬ ‫בלי ראשית בלי תכלית ולו העז והמשרה‬ ‫והוא אלי וחי גאלי וצור חבלי בעת צרה‬ ‫והוא נסי ומנוס לי מנת כוסי ביום אקרא‬ ‫בידו אפקיד רוחי בעת אישן ואעירה‬ ‫ועם רוחי גויתי יהוה לי ולא אירא‬ Next Year in New Jerusalem

dycgd milyexia d`ad dpyl

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The Communion Ceremony Preface Yahushua established the rite of communion and exemplified humility and service by washing his disciple’s feet during the meal commonly referred to as “The Last Supper.” By comparing the synoptic Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke to the Gospel of John, we see that “The Last Supper” occurred after sundown when the 13th day of the first month had ended and the 14th day of the first month had just begun. We recognize that “The Last Supper was not Passover, as Yahushua Himself fulfilled the Passover some hours later.27 Therefore it is fitting that members of the Body of Messiah partake of communion at sundown on the 13th day of the first month as a family unit or in small groups before assembling the following evening for the congregational Seder at the beginning of the Feast of Unleavened Bread. Unlike the Kiddush on Shabbat, the bread used during communion should be unleavened bread and the beverage should be unfermented grape juice representing the sinless Messiah.

Order of Service

Order

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Service

Scriptural Reference

Page(s)

1

Sounding of the Shofar to Call the Assembly to Order

Numbers 10:1 – 7, Psalms 81:3 - 4

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2

The Sh’ma (Hear O’ Israel)

Deuteronomy 6:4

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3

Reflecting on the Body and the Blood

22

4

Partaking of the Body of Messiah

5

Partaking of the Blood of Messiah

1st Corinthians 11:27 – 29 Matthew 26:26, Mark 14:22, Luke 22:19, 1st Corinthians 11:24 Matthew 26:27 – 29, Mark 14:23 - 25, Luke 22:20, 1st Corinthians 11:25

6

Demonstration of Humility (Feet Washing)

John 13:1 - 17

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7

Concluding Hymn

Matthew 26:30, Mark 14:26

24

Matthew 26:26-29, Mark 14:22-25, Luke 22:13-20, John 13:1-17, 1st Corinthians 11:23-29

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22 - 23

23

Sounding of the Shofar

1. The Shofar is sounded to call the assembly to order.

2. The Sh’ma

rny l`xyi rny epidl` dedi cg` dedi ceak my jexa cre mlerl ezekln

Hear O’ Yisrael YAHWEH is our Supreme Authority YAHWEH is One Blessed be His Glorious Reputation His Kingdom is Forever and Ever

3. Reflecting on the Body and the Blood: 1st Corinthians 11:27 – 29 is read aloud. After thoughtful consideration, those who wish to participate in communion may do so.

4. Partaking of the Body of Messiah The following is recited: Yahushua commanded, “Take, eat; this is My body, which is broken for you; this do in remembrance of Me.” The following blessing is recited: Blessed are you YAHWEH our Supreme Authority, King of the Universe, who has given us Living Bread to eat and not Hunger, Amen. The Matzot is broken, shared and eaten.

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mlerd jln epidl` dedi dz` jexa arxi `le lk`l miigd mglÎz` eplÎozp xy` on` 5. Partaking of the Blood of Messiah The following is recited: Yahushua said, “This cup is the Good News in My blood. Whenever you drink of it, do so in remembrance of Me.” The following blessing is recited: Blessed are you YAHWEH our Supreme Authority, King of the Universe, who has given us Yahushua Your Son, the True Vine and Living Water to drink that we thirst no more, Amen. The grape beverage is consumed.

mlerd jln epidl` dedi dz` jexa zn`d otbd jpa reyedi eplÎozp xy` cer `nvi `le zezyl miig mine on` The following blessing is recited: Blessed are You YAHWEH our Supreme Authority who has planted everlasting life in our midst. Blessed be He and say you Amen and Amen.

epkeza rhp mler iig epidl` dedi dz` jexa on`e on` exn`e `ed jexa

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6. Foot Washing John 13:1 – 17 is read aloud. Family members should partner with each other and with guests in the home to wash each other’s feet. The following is traditionally sung during the foot washing.

He Poured Water in the Basin Then He poured water in the basin and He washed his disciples’ feet (2x) If I wash (If I wash) you not (you not), then you have no part with me (2x)

7. Concluding Hymn (As Desired)

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