Heat Shield Design Project
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Heat Shield Design Project Non-Ablating Heat Shield Design Team 1 October 2009 Design Supervisor: Devin Tegelberg Materials Manager: Corey Ndifon Spokesperson: Andrew Hollands Aviation High School 615 S 200th St Des Moines Phone (206) 716-0006
Abstract •
Devin Tegelberg- Design Supervisor. Devin was in charge of keeping the group on task and to help with the design and building.
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Corey Ndifon- Materials Manager. Corey was in charge of materials and made sure our design was precise in measurement and in neatness.
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Andrew Hollands- As a spokesperson, Andrew agreed with our designs and he took pictures of all of the designs and testing.
The reason that people should care about this project is that we are searching for solutions that do not only protect a chocolate bunny from extreme heat, but learning future ideas for heat shields in future missions to the moon and soon to different planets and reentry. Our challenge was to come up with a design that will protect a chocolate bunny from intense heat. We also had to consider the best area, mass and specific heat capacity. Our first design was an aluminum can with four tiles on the bottom with fiberglass insulation. For our second design, we cut the can in half and added sawdust. For our third design we used one tile instead of the usual four and we put a thin layer of aluminum foil between the tile and the can. Our results were great: the ‘astronaut’ survived, so we tried to develop our figure of merit to make it better. Our first Figure of Merit was 0.03452 and our last one was 0.013. our temperature changes were the first one with 4.2 degrees of temperature change and the last one with 4.65 degrees of temperature change. Our good records mean that if we upgrade to better parts of our design to withstand real reentry heat, we might be able to leave the atmosphere and come back successfully.
Rationale: Our HS1 design was the best design we could think of because, according to our figure of merit, all the factors were exceeding in quality. The area of our shield is really not that space consuming. The weight of our shield is a pretty typical weight according to all of the other designs in the class. Our design is pretty simple and cheap. The construction of our design consists of a soda can, tiles, fiberglass insulation, and caulk. Our insulating design is perfect for low temperature change using fiberglass. Our figure of merit explains all this. Because of all the fiberglass, we hope that this won’t fail and our astronaut won’t perish as well. Budget as of 8 October 2009: $1,752,000 FoM=95/2*4.2C*187g*$1,752,000 FoM: 0.03452 Before:
After:
Lessons Learned: In the designing we found out that tiles cost a lot of money. In the building, we found that it was easy to assemble. In the testing, we found out that our design was a good one and protected the chocolate. In the whole process we learned that we could make a good design that withstood the heat of the gun.
Rational: The only thing we changed was the mass. We cut the can in half and used less fiberglass. We also added a centimeter of sawdust below the fiberglass to help insulate and compensate for the loss of fiberglass. The construction of the design includes caulk as well. We hope to achieve a better FoM with these changes while still protecting the “astronaut” from perishing. We think making the design smaller with sawdust will not increase the temperature as much as our first design. If this works, we should be in good hands.
Vermiculite $385,000 Can
$1,000
Caulk $15,000 Tiles $12,000 Testing Apparatus $150,000 Hershey Kiss $50,000 Budget as of 15 October 2009: $200,250 FoM= 90.25/3*4.25*172*7.9=.0052093254 FoM=.0052093254
Lessons Learned: In the design we learned to use less can to have a smaller cost. In the building, we learned that the can is hard to cut. Ion the testing we learned that the tiles could break with enough force from the meteor. In the whole process, we learned that less can doesn’t really help our FoM.
Rationale: Last round, we had less cost but our tile cracked and our change in temperature increased. The construction of our new design has a layer of foil on the bottom of the heat shield. We also have one tile under the can instead of four. These changes increased area and decreased cost. This design is better than other designs because it uses minimum cost and complexity at maximum heat resistance. Budget as of 11/2/09: $1,593,062.50 Foil $39,062.5 Can $1,000 Tile $3,00 Vermiculite $385,000 Caulk $15,000 Testing Apparatus $150,000 Astronaut 1,000,000 Budget as of 11/2/09: $1,593,062.50 FoM= 157/55*15.930625*4.65*3 FoM= .0128448767 FoM=0.013
Lessons Learned: In the design we learned to increase area for a better FoM. In the building, we learned that foil is cheap. In the testing we learned that foil is a bad heat reflector compared with other materials. In the whole process, we learned that increasing area helps your FoM a lot.
Summary of Data Our first design was a can on four tiles filled with fiberglass insulation.
Our second design had a smaller can, less fiberglass, and sawdust.
Our third design had a can on a tile on foil with fiberglass inside.
Conclusion and Evaluation: Testing to find out the different specific heat capacities of the materials available would help in the choosing of a suitable insulation and materials for the shield. Our next heat shield could use a smaller can and less fiberglass insulation. The tests give good data for temperature change, heat protection, and overview of how the shield protects. The meteorite test is not as good as it could be in modeling a meteor. The materials available are limited and more should be offered. There are many other tests that could be done to help decide the best heat shield. Appendix: Test 1 0
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Abstract •
Devin Tegelberg- Design Supervisor. Devin was in charge of keeping the group on task and to help with the design and building.
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Corey Ndifon- Materials Manager. Corey was in charge of materials and made sure our design was precise in measurement and in neatness.
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Andrew Hollands- As a spokesperson, Andrew agreed with our designs and he took pictures of all of the designs and testing.
The reason that people should care about this project is that we are searching for solutions that do not only protect a chocolate bunny from extreme heat, but learning future ideas for heat shields in future missions to the moon and soon to different planets and reentry. Our challenge was to come up with a design that will protect a chocolate bunny from intense heat. We also had to consider the best area, mass and specific heat capacity. Our first design was an aluminum can with four tiles on the bottom with fiberglass insulation. For our second design, we cut the can in half and added sawdust. For our third design we used one tile instead of the usual four and we put a thin layer of aluminum foil between the tile and the can. Our results were great: the ‘astronaut’ survived, so we tried to develop our figure of merit to make it better. Our first Figure of Merit was 0.03452 and our last one was 0.013. our temperature changes were the first one with 4.2 degrees of temperature change and the last one with 4.65 degrees of temperature change. Our good records mean that if we upgrade to better parts of our design to withstand real reentry heat, we might be able to leave the atmosphere and come back successfully.
Rationale: Our HS1 design was the best design we could think of because, according to our figure of merit, all the factors were exceeding in quality. The area of our shield is really not that space consuming. The weight of our shield is a pretty typical weight according to all of the other designs in the class. Our design is pretty simple and cheap. The construction of our design consists of a soda can, tiles, fiberglass insulation, and caulk. Our insulating design is perfect for low temperature change using fiberglass. Our figure of merit explains all this. Because of all the fiberglass, we hope that this won’t fail and our astronaut won’t perish as well. Budget as of 8 October 2009: $1,752,000 FoM=95/2*4.2C*187g*$1,752,000 FoM: 0.03452 Before:
After:
Lessons Learned: In the designing we found out that tiles cost a lot of money. In the building, we found that it was easy to assemble. In the testing, we found out that our design was a good one and protected the chocolate. In the whole process we learned that we could make a good design that withstood the heat of the gun.
Rational: The only thing we changed was the mass. We cut the can in half and used less fiberglass. We also added a centimeter of sawdust below the fiberglass to help insulate and compensate for the loss of fiberglass. The construction of the design includes caulk as well. We hope to achieve a better FoM with these changes while still protecting the “astronaut” from perishing. We think making the design smaller with sawdust will not increase the temperature as much as our first design. If this works, we should be in good hands.
Vermiculite $385,000 Can
$1,000
Caulk $15,000 Tiles $12,000 Testing Apparatus $150,000 Hershey Kiss $50,000 Budget as of 15 October 2009: $200,250 FoM= 90.25/3*4.25*172*7.9=.0052093254 FoM=.0052093254
Lessons Learned: In the design we learned to use less can to have a smaller cost. In the building, we learned that the can is hard to cut. Ion the testing we learned that the tiles could break with enough force from the meteor. In the whole process, we learned that less can doesn’t really help our FoM.
Rationale: Last round, we had less cost but our tile cracked and our change in temperature increased. The construction of our new design has a layer of foil on the bottom of the heat shield. We also have one tile under the can instead of four. These changes increased area and decreased cost. This design is better than other designs because it uses minimum cost and complexity at maximum heat resistance. Budget as of 11/2/09: $1,593,062.50 Foil $39,062.5 Can $1,000 Tile $3,00 Vermiculite $385,000 Caulk $15,000 Testing Apparatus $150,000 Astronaut 1,000,000 Budget as of 11/2/09: $1,593,062.50 FoM= 157/55*15.930625*4.65*3 FoM= .0128448767 FoM=0.013
Lessons Learned: In the design we learned to increase area for a better FoM. In the building, we learned that foil is cheap. In the testing we learned that foil is a bad heat reflector compared with other materials. In the whole process, we learned that increasing area helps your FoM a lot.
Summary of Data Our first design was a can on four tiles filled with fiberglass insulation.
Our second design had a smaller can, less fiberglass, and sawdust.
Our third design had a can on a tile on foil with fiberglass inside.
Conclusion and Evaluation: Testing to find out the different specific heat capacities of the materials available would help in the choosing of a suitable insulation and materials for the shield. Our next heat shield could use a smaller can and less fiberglass insulation. The tests give good data for temperature change, heat protection, and overview of how the shield protects. The meteorite test is not as good as it could be in modeling a meteor. The materials available are limited and more should be offered. There are many other tests that could be done to help decide the best heat shield. Appendix: Test 1 0
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148
28.630179498
28.4674123142
149
28.8164730062
28.4674123142
150
28.7466736941
28.5139105409
151
28.7699386776
28.5836678487
152
28.839742374
28.4906607706
153
28.839742374
28.630179498
154
28.839742374
28.6069229881
155
28.8862855732
28.6534373899
156
28.8630132258
28.630179498
157
28.7932051112
28.5139105409
158
28.909750203
28.700148032
159
28.839742374
28.7466736941
160
28.8630132258
28.700148032
161
28.8630132258
28.7234101494
162
28.8630132258
28.7699386776
163
28.9795809578
28.6768873307
164
28.839742374
28.700148032
165
28.8164730062
28.700148032
166
28.9795809578
28.8164730062
167
29.0494256838
28.7932051112
168
29.0959967476
28.8862855732
169
29.0261425371
28.839742374
170
29.0727104168
28.8630132258
171
29.0959967476
28.839742374
172
28.9795809578
28.909750203
173
29.0494256838
28.8630132258
174
29.0959967476
28.8862855732
175
29.0494256838
29.0028609656
176
29.0727104168
29.0028609656
177
29.0959967476
28.9795809578
178
29.2592377299
28.9795809578
179
29.1660563588
28.9795809578
180
29.2126437121
29.0028609656 Test 2
0
23.4065467209
23.6390259428
1
23.4065467209
23.6854702985
2
23.4065467209
23.7319104094
3
23.4530137447
23.7319104094
4
23.4530137447
23.7783463702
5
23.4994760481
23.7551289027
6
23.4530137447
23.7319104094
7
23.4762454805
23.8017531186
8
23.4530137447
23.7551289027
9
23.4530137447
23.824968562
10
23.5459337264
23.8713964903
11
23.5227054594
23.8946089987
12
23.5459337264
23.8481830153
13
23.5459337264
23.8946089987
14
23.5459337264
23.8481830153
15
23.4994760481
23.9410311631
16
23.5459337264
23.9410311631
17
23.5691608609
23.9410311631
18
23.5691608609
23.9410311631
19
23.6158021434
23.9642408426
20
23.6158021434
23.9642408426
21
23.5691608609
23.9410311631
22
23.5925772473
23.9874496028
23
23.6854702985
23.9874496028
24
23.6622486572
24.0804658877
25
23.6854702985
24.1268737041
26
23.7319104094
24.1036702202
27
23.7551289027
24.1036702202
28
23.824968562
24.1500763509
29
23.8017531186
24.1268737041
30
23.824968562
24.1964791803
31
23.8481830153
24.1964791803
32
23.8946089987
24.2428788024
33
23.8946089987
24.2196793865
34
23.9642408426
24.1964791803
35
23.9874496028
24.2894654542
36
23.9642408426
24.2662675896
37
24.0106574553
24.3358589304
38
24.0804658877
24.3358589304
39
24.1500763509
24.3358589304
40
24.1732781724
24.3822494804
41
24.1500763509
24.4054436873
42
24.2196793865
24.4286371978
43
24.2196793865
24.4518300234
44
24.2662675896
24.4750221758
45
24.2894654542
24.4982136668
46
24.3358589304
24.5447847919
47
24.3590545653
24.5447847919
48
24.4054436873
24.5679743631
49
24.3822494804
24.5911633196
50
24.4982136668
24.6143516729
51
24.5447847919
24.6143516729
52
24.4982136668
24.6607266164
53
24.5447847919
24.6607266164
54
24.5679743631
24.6839132299
55
24.6143516729
24.6607266164
56
24.6839132299
24.7536598154
57
24.6375394346
24.7768442676
58
24.7304748414
24.7536598154
59
24.7536598154
24.8000282096
60
24.7304748414
24.823211653
61
24.7768442676
24.8927591078
62
24.823211653
24.8695770905
63
24.8463946095
24.8927591078
64
24.8695770905
24.9159406727
65
24.8927591078
24.9391217971
66
24.8927591078
24.9623024923
67
24.8927591078
25.032032113
68
24.9623024923
25.032032113
69
24.9856727705
25.0088526389
70
24.9856727705
25.0783899244
71
25.0552112043
25.1015682848
72
25.1015682848
25.1015682848
73
25.1247462971
25.1711013233
74
25.1711013233
25.1247462971
75
25.1944683348
25.1711013233
76
25.2871735686
25.1944683348
77
25.2176450673
25.2176450673
78
25.2639976728
25.2871735686
79
25.3798747085
25.3103492086
80
25.4495882724
25.3103492086
81
25.3566997671
25.40304944
82
25.4495882724
25.3798747085
83
25.5422840133
25.4262239732
84
25.5654575963
25.5191103009
85
25.61180442
25.4727624419
86
25.7046869617
25.5191103009
87
25.6583408074
25.5654575963
88
25.7046869617
25.5886310614
89
25.7278599594
25.61180442
90
25.8205516882
25.6349776836
91
25.7510329195
25.6349776836
92
25.8668975555
25.6815139148
93
25.8900705299
25.7278599594
94
25.9366065606
25.7278599594
95
26.0061262114
25.7510329195
96
26.0292996122
25.8205516882
97
26.0292996122
25.7973787725
98
26.0292996122
25.7973787725
99
26.1917071192
25.8900705299
100
26.0988205262
25.959779697
101
26.1917071192
25.959779697
102
26.1685327005
26.0061262114
103
26.2148817287
26.0061262114
104
26.3541240006
26.052473124
105
26.3075823036
26.0756467582
106
26.3307580384
26.0988205262
107
26.4004768163
26.1221843901
108
26.4004768163
26.1917071192
109
26.5163641892
26.1685327005
110
26.539542669
26.1685327005
111
26.539542669
26.2612315661
112
26.5163641892
26.2612315661
113
26.6324503199
26.3075823036
114
26.6092703221
26.2844068166
115
26.7251744961
26.3307580384
116
26.7947223403
26.4004768163
117
26.8180959444
26.3773002674
118
26.8412800193
26.4468308056
119
26.8412800193
26.4700082688
120
26.9108353454
26.4700082688
121
26.9108353454
26.4931860595
122
27.0035834406
26.4931860595
123
27.0035834406
26.5627215105
124
27.073340736
26.5860907201
125
27.073340736
26.5860907201
126
27.1197219834
26.6556307249
127
27.1197219834
26.6788115483
128
27.189298724
26.6556307249
129
27.2124923147
26.6788115483
130
27.2588815798
26.7019928016
131
27.2588815798
26.7483566431
132
27.3286610001
26.7715392541
133
27.3286610001
26.8180959444
134
27.3982570221
26.8180959444
135
27.4446582586
26.8876497084
136
27.4910627114
26.8412800193
137
27.4446582586
26.9108353454
138
27.514456368
26.9340215258
139
27.560865829
27.0267719079
140
27.560865829
27.0035834406
141
27.6769047432
27.0965310426
142
27.6536951709
27.0267719079
143
27.7467292786
27.073340736
144
27.8163721303
27.1197219834
145
27.862805606
27.1429135697
146
27.9092431135
27.1661058128
147
27.9324634075
27.189298724
148
27.9556847435
27.2356865962
149
27.9556847435
27.2588815798
150
28.0487711111
27.3054638362
151
28.0952256696
27.3286610001
152
28.1184546251
27.3286610001
153
28.2115723295
27.3750575818
154
28.3045184746
27.421457244
155
28.3509988412
27.4446582586
156
28.3509988412
27.4910627114
157
28.4207287634
27.514456368
158
28.5139105409
27.560865829
159
28.5139105409
27.6072787332
160
28.630179498
27.6072787332
161
28.630179498
27.6769047432
162
28.6768873307
27.7233266511
163
28.7234101494
27.7233266511
164
28.8164730062
27.8395883698
165
28.9330255878
27.8163721303
166
29.0261425371
27.862805606
167
29.0494256838
27.862805606
168
29.1427651529
27.9556847435
169
29.1427651529
27.9092431135
170
29.2825372664
28.0255454854
171
29.2825372664
28.0255454854
172
29.3524461233
28.0487711111
173
29.3992517388
28.1184546251
174
29.4691868268
28.1184546251
175
29.4925020907
28.1881483321
176
29.5391380386
28.1881483321
177
29.6092968733
28.1881483321
178
29.6792813029
28.2580430009
179
29.7026132195
28.3045184746
180
29.7726204499
28.2580430009 Test 3
0
22.7316129542
22.5684604369
1
22.8014301241
22.6150289425
2
22.8014301241
22.5684604369
3
22.7781592669
22.6150289425
4
22.7781592669
22.6150289425
5
22.847967301
22.7083374746
6
22.8246994648
22.7083374746
7
22.8246994648
22.6850604298
8
22.847967301
22.6617818079
9
22.8246994648
22.7316129542
10
22.847967301
22.7083374746
11
22.8712336449
22.754886881
12
22.8712336449
22.7781592669
13
22.894689198
22.754886881
14
22.894689198
22.754886881
15
22.9179525814
22.8014301241
16
22.894689198
22.8014301241
17
22.9179525814
22.8246994648
18
22.9412145088
22.8014301241
19
22.9644749922
22.8246994648
20
23.0109916755
22.8014301241
21
23.0109916755
22.8014301241
22
22.9877340438
22.894689198
23
22.9644749922
22.9179525814
24
23.0342478994
22.9179525814
25
23.0109916755
22.894689198
26
23.080756172
22.9179525814
27
23.0342478994
22.9644749922
28
23.080756172
22.9877340438
29
23.1040082448
22.9877340438
30
23.1040082448
23.0109916755
31
23.1971936003
22.9644749922
32
23.1739469051
23.0109916755
33
23.2436830681
23.0575027276
34
23.220438984
23.0575027276
35
23.2436830681
23.1506988863
36
23.2436830681
23.1040082448
37
23.2669258645
23.1274495319
38
23.3366466476
23.1274495319
39
23.3833114091
23.1506988863
40
23.3833114091
23.2436830681
41
23.3366466476
23.220438984
42
23.4297808288
23.220438984
43
23.3833114091
23.220438984
44
23.4762454805
23.2669258645
45
23.4994760481
23.3134076423
46
23.4994760481
23.3134076423
47
23.5227054594
23.3134076423
48
23.4994760481
23.3366466476
49
23.6390259428
23.3366466476
50
23.6390259428
23.4297808288
51
23.6158021434
23.4530137447
52
23.6854702985
23.4762454805
53
23.6622486572
23.4530137447
54
23.7319104094
23.5227054594
55
23.7783463702
23.4994760481
56
23.7319104094
23.5459337264
57
23.824968562
23.5691608609
58
23.824968562
23.5459337264
59
23.824968562
23.6390259428
60
23.8946089987
23.5691608609
61
23.9178205524
23.6390259428
62
23.9410311631
23.6854702985
63
23.9642408426
23.7319104094
64
24.0572606946
23.7319104094
65
24.0106574553
23.7319104094
66
24.0338644119
23.7551289027
67
24.0804658877
23.7783463702
68
24.1500763509
23.8017531186
69
24.1268737041
23.824968562
70
24.1964791803
23.8946089987
71
24.2196793865
23.9178205524
72
24.2196793865
23.8946089987
73
24.2894654542
23.8713964903
74
24.3126625639
23.9642408426
75
24.3822494804
24.0338644119
76
24.3590545653
24.0106574553
77
24.4286371978
24.0572606946
78
24.4054436873
24.0572606946
79
24.4518300234
24.1036702202
80
24.5215945941
24.1036702202
81
24.5215945941
24.1964791803
82
24.5679743631
24.1964791803
83
24.5911633196
24.1268737041
84
24.6143516729
24.2196793865
85
24.6143516729
24.2894654542
86
24.6839132299
24.2662675896
87
24.6375394346
24.2662675896
88
24.7304748414
24.3358589304
89
24.8000282096
24.3590545653
90
24.8463946095
24.3590545653
91
24.8463946095
24.3126625639
92
24.8927591078
24.4286371978
93
24.9391217971
24.4518300234
94
24.9391217971
24.4518300234
95
24.9856727705
24.4286371978
96
25.032032113
24.4518300234
97
24.9623024923
24.4982136668
98
25.0783899244
24.4982136668
99
25.1015682848
24.5679743631
100
25.1015682848
24.6143516729
101
25.1479239727
24.6143516729
102
25.1479239727
24.6607266164
103
25.1944683348
24.6607266164
104
25.2639976728
24.6839132299
105
25.2871735686
24.6839132299
106
25.3798747085
24.7536598154
107
25.3566997671
24.823211653
108
25.4262239732
24.7536598154
109
25.4959364475
24.8000282096
110
25.4495882724
24.8463946095
111
25.5191103009
24.823211653
112
25.5886310614
24.8927591078
113
25.5886310614
24.8927591078
114
25.6349776836
24.8695770905
115
25.6815139148
24.9623024923
116
25.6349776836
24.9623024923
117
25.7510329195
24.9856727705
118
25.7742058534
25.032032113
119
25.8205516882
25.0783899244
120
25.8668975555
25.1015682848
121
25.9366065606
25.0783899244
122
25.8668975555
25.0783899244
123
25.9829529101
25.1015682848
124
25.9829529101
25.1944683348
125
26.1221843901
25.1944683348
126
26.1221843901
25.2176450673
127
26.1221843901
25.2408215095
128
26.1453584613
25.2871735686
129
26.2148817287
25.2871735686
130
26.2380565406
25.2871735686
131
26.3075823036
25.3103492086
132
26.3075823036
25.3798747085
133
26.3773002674
25.3335246043
134
26.4236536586
25.3798747085
135
26.4468308056
25.40304944
136
26.5163641892
25.4495882724
137
26.4931860595
25.4959364475
138
26.5860907201
25.4727624419
139
26.6092703221
25.5191103009
140
26.6092703221
25.5422840133
141
26.6788115483
25.5654575963
142
26.7483566431
25.5654575963
143
26.7715392541
25.5886310614
144
26.7715392541
25.6815139148
145
26.8644646035
25.6583408074
146
26.8876497084
25.6349776836
147
26.9340215258
25.6583408074
148
26.9572082609
25.7278599594
149
27.0035834406
25.7046869617
150
27.0035834406
25.7742058534
151
27.073340736
25.8437246121
152
27.1197219834
25.7973787725
153
27.1661058128
25.8205516882
154
27.2124923147
25.8205516882
155
27.2356865962
25.8900705299
156
27.2588815798
25.9134334896
157
27.2822674084
25.8900705299
158
27.3750575818
25.959779697
159
27.421457244
25.9134334896
160
27.421457244
25.9829529101
161
27.4678600773
25.9829529101
162
27.5376606738
26.0292996122
163
27.584071845
26.0756467582
164
27.584071845
26.052473124
165
27.6072787332
26.0756467582
166
27.6769047432
26.1221843901
167
27.7001152328
26.1453584613
168
27.769942596
26.1221843901
169
27.8395883698
26.1453584613
170
27.862805606
26.2148817287
171
27.8395883698
26.2148817287
172
27.9556847435
26.2612315661
173
27.9790974845
26.2380565406
174
27.9790974845
26.2844068166
175
27.9790974845
26.3075823036
176
28.0487711111
26.2844068166
177
28.0952256696
26.3307580384
178
28.164915945
26.4004768163
179
28.164915945
26.3541240006
180
28.1881483321
26.4004768163
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