Health Education

Health Education .Prof Nashwa Radwan [email protected]

Impact of behavior on health Direct effect. Self care, preventive behavior, diet, physical fitness.  Indirect effect. Utilization of health services, environmental control. 

Factors affecting behavior :(Leading) change predisposing factors Knowledge. Attitude. Believes.

(Motivating) Enabling factors Available resources Accessibility to services. Skilled health worker. (Supporting) Reinforcing factors Family, friends. Neighbors. Doctors. Nurses.

Stages of behavior :change 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Stage of awareness. Stage of interest. Stage of evaluation. Stage of trial. Stage of adoption.

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Behavior changes resulting from education, information, and knowledge of alternatives and consequences is defined as voluntary adaptation.

:Definition

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HE is any combination of learning experiences designed to predispose, enable and reinforce voluntary adaptations of individual or collective behavior conductive to health.

:Definition

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HE is a process that informs, motives and helps people to adopt and maintain healthy practices and lifestyle and advocates environmental changes needed to facilitate this goal.

Patient education 

Is initiated by medical personnel to strengthen the motivation and ability of the patients to adhere to prescribed medical regimens and self care.

School health education 

Is initiated and directed by personnel in the preschool, school or college to develop the motivation and skills required by students to cope with challenges to health and to build foundations of knowledge required for further health.

Health promotion 

Any combination of educational, organizational, economic and environmental supports for behavior and conditions of living conductive to health.

:Objectives 1. 2. 3.

Informing people. Motivating people. Guiding into action.

Components of health education

Components of health education 

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Educator: has especial purpose needed to achieve. Recipient: either individual or group of individuals. Message: the idea or information prepared in special method. Method used by the educator. It differs according to the message and its contents.

Requirements of good educator       

Leadership abilities. Efficient personality. Popular person. Ideal behavior. Interest in work. Background knowledge of public health psychology and sociology. Know the characteristics of the recipients e.g. their education, occupation, living conditions, culture.

Requirements of the message 

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The included data must be correct and scientifically based. The content should not contradict with traditions and ethics of the community. The content must be suitable with the mental abilities of the recipients (depending on age, education, culture). The content must touch the health needs of the recipients. The message must focus on the lovely aspect of acceptability.

Methods of health :education 1. 2. 3. 4.

Methods of giving information. Methods of conversation. Methods of confidence. Methods of learning and training.

Methods of giving :information       

Radio. TV. Lectures. Newspaper. Posters. Books. Booklets.

Methods of :conversation   

Individual meeting. Counseling. Role playing.

: Methods of confidence

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Counseling. Discussion in group. Role playing.

Methods of learning and :training  

Models. Learning by doing.

Types of approach

Direct: Face to face (communication).  Indirect: Community organization. Mass media. 

Definition 

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It is a process of exchange of ideas and information between two persons or more through effective way to achieve both general and special purpose. Communication is a key skill in getting what you need from life. It is basically the sending and receiving of messages.

Face to face    

More attention and attraction. More convention. Content are more flexible. Limited covering.

Mass media 

Using the different mass media for communication with people to transfer the message of health education.

Community organization     

Formal leaders: doctors Informal leaders: famous people. Arousing interest of people in their health. Making people feel their own health problems Creating confidence of public in health services.

planning a health education program Community diagnosis  Social diagnosis.  Epidemiological diagnosis.  Behavioral diagnosis.  Educational diagnosis.  Administrative diagnosis.

This is called PRECEDE model Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in .Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation

PROCEED model

Policy, Regulatory and Organizational Constructs in Educational and .Environmental Development

Principles of Health :Education   

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Interest. Participation. Education should start from the known and lead the people to the unknown. Comprehension. Reinforcement or repetition of information. Motivation. Learning by doing. Good human relationship. Leaders.

Elements of health :education      

Sound health habits. Personal hygiene. Healthful lifestyle. Nutrition education. Sex education. Patient education.