Hamlet; The Annunciation To The Virgin Mary

DARK LADY PLAYERS WORKING PAPER (2009) NUMBER 1

HAMLET; THE ANNUNCIATION SCENES Ophelia sewing scene Biblical Allegory

Astronomical Allegory Ophelia reading scene/ kissing carrion/nunnery

COMMENT We need to understand both the astronomical allegory as well as the Biblical allegory to get the full meaning. Hamlet as the son of Hyperion is Helios, the sun. In the annunciation scene Hamlet stares at Ophelia and oddly walks while still looking at her backwards over his shoulder (a retrograde movement?). There are ‘sun beamed eyes’ in LLL 5,2,170-1 in a section which contrasts the sunshine of one’s face with the other’s face as a moon. Hamlet’s eyes “bended their LIGHT” on her. Hamlet is the sun, and this is a split annunciation scene in which Ophelia gets pregnant by his sun rays, like the Virgin Mary, like a sungod kissing carrion. The passage also echoes passages from an apocryphal gospel annunciation scene. Staging. The cuts. Sun beams (torches?) clothed with the sun? maggots? do the ‘as I was sewing in my closet’ passage as an inset dumbshow of the sun impregnating the virgin?Handpuppets? Hamlet as devil—being from hell, and sugaring over the devil? REFERENCES (1) BIBLICAL/RELIGIOUS ALLEGORY Conception is a Blessing Author(s): Evan K. Gibson Source: PMLA, Vol. 64, No. 5 (Dec., 1949), pp. 1236-1238 Medieval theologians thought the way that the sun can create worms in rotting flesh was a symbol of Christ, who was born of flesh, without sperm. The conception of the virgin Mary was imagined as if sunlight shining through glass—in that sunlight can penetrate but not cause physical damage, thus Mary could have conceived and maintained her virginity. Hamlet's "God Kissing Carrion": A Theory of the Generation of Life Author(s): John E. Hankins Source: PMLA, Vol. 64, No. 3 (Jun., 1949), pp. 507-516 Hamlet goes from his comment about the maggots in the dog, directly to a reference to conception and Ophelia, linking both these attributes. Painted Women: Annunciation Motifs in Hamlet R Chris Hassel Jr. Comparative Drama. Kalamazoo: Spring 1998. Vol. 32,. 1, p. 47-84 (38 pp.) Polonius and Claudius set Ophelia up with a book. In most representations of the annunciation the virgin holds a book. Ophelia is asked to show “devotion’s visage”,

implying it is a book of devotions or prayers. Claudius’s reference to his most painted word refers to the words ’be it unto me according to thy word’ that were most painted in annunciation paintings as her response to the angel (?) Hamlet’s request that she remember his sins though her prayers or orisons, alludes to the Virgin Mary remembering and interceding for our sins. Hassle calls Hamlet an ‘unorthodox Gabriel’, and refers to “Hamlet’s continuing parody of the annunciation”. In the N Town mystery plays Father Son and Holy Ghost entered carrying beams of sunlight. Linda Hoff Hamlet’s Choice, chapter 6 Ophelia She emphasises that Ophelia is frightened as in the gospel story, compares the sewing to the sewing in the apocryphal gospel, and the head nodding to the passage in Isaiah. Hamlet has come from hell not from heaven. Does it construct Ophelia/Mary as the pregnant woman clothed with the sun in the book of Revelation? (2) ASTRONOMICAL ALLEGORY http://www.hamletregained.com/other_figures.html Hyperion to a satire 1.2.139-40; ... Hamlet compares his father, former King as Hyperion and King Claudius as a Satyr. In Greek mythology, Hyperion is one of the Titans, and the father of Helios, the sun god. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AAS...199.4004 Sixteenth Century Astronomical Telescopy Usher, P. D. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 33, p.1363 Ophelia (opposite to Helios) in Shakespeare's Hamlet is named for the ``moist star" which in mythology is the partner of Hamlet's royal Sun. Together the couple seem destined to rule on earth just as their celestial counterparts rule the heavens, but the tragedy is that they are afflicted, just as the Sun and Moon are blemished. In 1.3 Laertes lectures Ophelia on love and chastity, describing first Cytherean phases (crescent to gibbous) and then Lunar craters. Spots mar the Sun (1.1, 3.1). Also reported are Jupiter's Red Spot (3.4) and the resolution of the Milky Way into stars (2.2). "Hamlet and Infinite Universe" by: Peter Usher (Research/Penn State, Vol. 18, no. 3 (September 1997)) http://www.rps.psu.edu/sep97/hamlet.html When Claudius asks the Prince why he is still so dejected at the death of his father, Hamlet puns, "I am too much in the sun," thus associating himself with the reference point for planetary alignments. The royal couple express their desire that Hamlet not return to Wittenberg by saying that such a course "is most retrograde to our desire." Here they refer to Hamlet's retrograde—or contrary—motion to the seat of Copernican cosmology. The astronomical meaning of "retrograde" dates to Chaucer in the 14th century, while the senses of "moving backward" or "returning upon a previous course" were in use at least by about 1530 and 1564, respectively. But here the term "retrograde" follows hard upon the term "opposition," which is the very time when planets undergo retrograde motion, leaving the astronomical metaphor in no doubt. "Why should we in our peevish opposition / Take it to heart?" says Claudius. "Fie, 'tis a fault to heaven." To geocentrists, retrograde motion was indeed a "fault to nature" or a "fault to heaven," for clearly Nature is going against common sense here.