Gurmail Singh

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INTRODUCTIO N OF COMPUTER  SUBMITTED BY

SUBMITTED TO

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Introduction To Computers What is a Computer? The word “Computer” comes from the word “compute” . A computer is considered to be a calculating device that can perform arithmetic operation at enormous speed. More accurately a computer is an electronic device used to process data. A computer can convert data into information that is useful to people. It is also called Data Processor.

Components of a Computer System

 A complete computer system includes

four different parts: Hardware Software Data User

Computer Hardware  A computer's hardware consists of

electronic devices; the parts you can see and touch.  The term "device" refers to any piece of hardware used by the computer, such as a keyboard, monitor, modem, mouse, etc.

Computer Hardware The four primary components of a computer system are:  Input :Input devices send data and instructions to the central processing unit.  Output: Central processing unit executes computer instructions. Memory holds data and programs temporarily.  Processing: Output devices make processed data available to the user.  Secondary Storage :Secondary storage devices store data and programs permanently.

Input Devices  Input devices accept data and instructions from the

user or from another computer system.  Also, the input devices send the data or instructions to the processing unit to be processed into useful information.  The most commonly used input devices are : 1. Keyboard , 2. Mouse.  There are other input devices, such as touch screen, joystick, modem, scanner, and voice recognition systems.

Keyboard

The keyboard looks like the typewriter. A numeric keypad is located to the right of the keyboard. Numeric keys have the same placement as a 10-key calculator, which allow the operator to enter data rapidly.

Mouse The mouse is a device that allows you to control the movement of the insertion point on the screen. The operator places the palm of the hand over the mouse and moves it across a mouse pad, which provides traction for the rolling ball inside the device.

Characteristics of Computer •

Speed : While talking about the speed of a computer, we do not talk in terms of seconds or even milliseconds (10-3). Our units of speed are microseconds (10-6), the nanoseconds (10-9), and even the picoseconds (10-12). A powerful computer is capable of performing about 3 to 4 million simple arithmetic operations per second.

Characteristics of Computer 1. Accuracy : The accuracy of a computer is consistently high and the degree of a particular computer depends upon its design. But for a particular computer, each and every calculation is performed with the same accuracy.

Characteristics of Computer 3. Diligence : Unlike human beings, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness, lack of concentration,and hence can work for hours together without creating any error

Characteristics of Computer 4. Versatility : Versatility is one of the most wonderful things about a computer. All that is required to change its talent is to slip in a new program into it. Briefly, a computer is capable of performing any task provided that the task can be reduced to a series of logical steps.

Characteristics of Computer 5. Power of Remembering : A computer can store and recall any amount of information because of its secondary storage capability. Every piece of information can be retained as long as desired by the user and can be recalled as and when necessary.

Characteristics of Computer 6.

No I.Q : A computer is not a magical device. It can only perform tasks that a human being can. It possesses no intelligence of its own. Its I.Q. is zero.

Characteristics of Computer 7. No Feelings : Computers are devoid of emotions. They have no feelings and no instincts because they are machines. Computers cannot make judgments of their own, their judgment is based on the instructions given to them in the form of programs that are written by us. They are only as good as man makes and uses them.