Gsm - Siemens
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- Words: 3,301
- Pages: 42
Walter Konhäuser VL-Nr. 0432 L 600
Content 3 GSM 3.1 General overview 3.2 Architecture 3.3 The Radio Interface 3.4 Signalling 3.5 Radio Resource Management 3.6 Network Management
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 2
© Siemens, 2003
Reasons for introduction of GSM systems
Ø Governments, operators and suppliers have strong interests in the introduction of a standard for mobile communication systems for voice and data Ø High subscriber capacity Ø Improved grade of service quality Ø Fully automatic international roaming Ø Early demand in some countries Ø Universal interfaces for compatibility purpose
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 3
© Siemens, 2003
GSM/MoU obligations 1982
Foundation of GSM
1986
Field trails
End
1987
Final drafts of all essential recommendations
Early
1988
Call for tenders
Mid
1988
Final drafts of all other recommendations
1988
Contracts
1991
Pre-Commercial operation
1992
Commercial operation
until
1993
Service for all capitals and major airports
until
1995
Service for all traffic routes between capitals GSM Global System for Mobile Communications MoU Memorandum of Understanding
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 4
© Siemens, 2003
Basic factors influencing the layout of Cellular Mobile Radio Systems Spectrum Efficiency
Cost Effectiveness
Optimum Cellular Systems
Traffic Capacity (Erl)
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 5
© Siemens, 2003
Features Ø Fully digital transmission Ø Enhanced frequency economy Ø Privacy Ø Improved hand-held viability Ø Flexible configuration of networks and services Ø International compatibility Ø Enhanced services Ø Based on field-proven EWSD technology
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 6
© Siemens, 2003
Services Ø Basic services •
Telephony
•
Emergency call
•
Short message service
•
Fax Group 3
•
Data up to 9600 bit/s
Ø Supplementary services •
Closed user group
•
Multiparty service
•
Call forwarding
•
Call hold/call wait
•
Calling/connected line identification
•
Subscriber controlled input
•
Barring of calls
•
Advice of charge
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 7
© Siemens, 2003
Content 3 GSM 3.1 General overview 3.2 Architecture 3.3 The Radio Interface 3.4 Signalling 3.5 Radio Resource Management 3.6 Network Management
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 8
© Siemens, 2003
External Interfaces Operator
GSM
External networks
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Users
Page 9
© Siemens, 2003
Subsystem of a GSM-PLMN GSM-PLMN Um A RSS
to/from other Networks
SSS
O
O OMS
RSS
Radio Subsystem
Um, A, O Interfaces
ICM Berlin 03 2003
SSS
Switching Subsystem
OMS
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Subsystem
Page 10
© Siemens, 2003
Public Land Mobile Network PLMN Components Mobile-
Mobile-
Mobile-
Station
Station
Station
Mobile Network Components
Radio Interface
Base Station
Base Station
Mobile Network Components
Base Station
PLMN Fixed Network: Gateway Exchange ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 11
© Siemens, 2003
Public land mobile network (PLMN) System architecture Base station system BSS
Switching subsystem SSS
Other networks
AC
VLR
HLR
PSTN EIR ISDN
BTS
BSC
TRAU
MSC Data networks
Mobile station
OMC-B
OMC-S
PLMN
Operation & maintenance centers AC BSC BTS EIR HLR ICM Berlin 03 2003
Authentication center Base station controller Base transceiver station Equipment identification register Home location register
MSC OMC-B OMC-S VLR
Mobile services switching center OMC base station system OMC switching subsystem Visitor location register
Page 12
© Siemens, 2003
General Definitions Ø
Location Register To establish a call to a mobile station the network must know where this mobile is located.
Ø
Home Location Register (HLR) A mobile subscriber is registered at one location register which functions as its home center for chasrging and billing purposes and for administering its subscriber parameters.
Ø
Visitor Location Register (VLR) The Visitor Location Register is the location register, other than the HLR, used by an MSC to retrieve information for e. g. handling of calls to or from a roaming mobile station currently located in its area.
Ø
Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) The MSC constitutes the interface between the radio system and the fixed networks. The MSC performs all necessary functions in order to handle the calls to and from the base station.
Ø
Base Station Area The Base Station Area is the part of the network covered my a base station. Every mobile station in base station area can be reached by the equipment of the base station.
Ø
Location Area The Location Area is defined as an area in which a mobile station may move freely without updating the location register. A Location Area may include one or several base station areas.
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 13
© Siemens, 2003
Structure of an Intelligent Network (IN)
Communication Interface
Data Base
SMS
Data Base
SCP
X.25 Communication Interface Program Interface Communication Interface
SMS Service Management System - Management of data and statistics - Introduction of new services - Service updates
CCS 7 Network
SCP Service Cotrol Point - Data base for service control • Introduction of new services • Service authentification
SSP
SSP Service Switching Point - Service access - Service processing User
User
User CCS 7: common channel signaling system no. 7
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 14
© Siemens, 2003
Mobilkommunikationssystem als Intelligentes Netz
Communication Interface
Data Base
MS
SMS
MS
Nationale und Internationale Luftschnittstelle for MS
Funkfeld X.25 Communication Interface Program Interface Communication Interface
Data Base
SCP
Funkzelle
PLMN OAMC (SMS) BSS
SMS Service Management System - Management of data and statistics - Introduction of new services - Service updates
CCS 7 Network
BSS zu anderen PLMN
CCS 7
CCS 7 SCP Service Cotrol Point - Data base for service control • Introduction of new services • Service authentification
Datenbasen (SCP)
CCS 7
MCP (SSP)
MCP (SSP)
SSP
BSS:
Base Station System
MS:
Mobile Station
MSC:
Mobile Services Switching Center
CCS 7: Common Channel Signaling No 7 PSTN: Public Switched Telefone Network
SSP Service Switching Point - Service access - Service processing
OAMC: Operation, Administration, Maintenance Center
Fernvermittlungsstellen (oberste Ebene) Teilnehmer (User)
Teilnehmer (User)
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Teilnehmer (User)
PSTN (national) Page 15
Internationale Schnittstelle
© Siemens, 2003
GSM – PLMN Referenzkonfiguration Sprache
22,8 kb/s
16 kb/s
64 kb/s
13 kb/s
3 + 13 kb/s
64 kb/s
Sprache 64 kb/s
Daten
Daten 22,8 kb/s
0,3 kb/s 1,2 kb/s 2,4 kb/s 4,8 kb/s 9,6 kb/s Sync/Async.
16 kb/s
3,6 kb/s 6 kb/s 12 kb/s
64 kb/s 8 kb/s 16 kb/s
3,4 + 12,6 kb/s
0,3 kb/s 1,2 kb/s 2,4 kb/s 4,8 kb/s 9,6 kb/s Sync/Async.
8 kb/s 16 kb/s
Luftschnittstelle Mobile Station (MS) TE
MT
MT R F M
CC
RFM
TRAU
Vermittlungs- Interworking Funktion = IWF funktion (IWE)
TRAU-Frame (20 ms)
CCU
MSC
Luftschnittstellen-
BS- MSC/IWF
Verbindungselement
Verbindungselement
BS CC CCU IWE IWF L2R MSC
CC
RA
RA
L2R/RLP
L2R/RLP GSM-PLMN Verbindungstyp (Connection Type)
RLP TE TRAU
GSM-PLMN Verbindung (Connection) Netzzugangspunkt ICM Berlin 03 2003
Netzzugangspunkt Page 16
MT RA RFM
© Siemens, 2003
Base Station Channel Coding Cannel Coding Unit Interworking Equipment Interworking Function Layer 2 Relay Function Mobile Service Switching Center Mobile Terminal Rate Adaption Radio Frequency Management Radio Link Protocol Terminal Equipment Transcoding and Rate Adaption
Microwave: Products/Systems
•• PtP PtP Radio Radio Links Links •• PmP PmP Radio Radio Links Links •• WLL WLL Access Access Systems Systems PtP
MSC
PmP
BTS
BSC RNC
NodeB
BTS
NodeB
OMC
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 17
BTS
NodeB
© Siemens, 2003
Content 3 GSM 3.1 General overview 3.2 Architecture 3.3 The Radio Interface 3.4 Signalling 3.5 Radio Resource Management 3.6 Network Management
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 18
© Siemens, 2003
GSM Multiple Access Scheme (FDMA/TDMA)
Zeitschlitznummer 1 Zeitschlitz
7
≈ 0,577 ms (156,25 bits)
6 5 1 TDMARahmen ≈ 4,615 ms (1250 Bits)
4 3 2 Zeit 1 0 Frequenz 200 kHz Funkkanal
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 19
© Siemens, 2003
Strukturbaum der logistischen (funktionalen) Kanäle Speech
TCH/FS Traffic Channel Full rate for Speech TCH/HS Traffic Channel Half rate for Speech
Data
TCH/F… Traffic Channel Full rate for Data TCH/F… Traffic Channel Half rate for Data
TCH Traffic Channel
Logical Channels
USC User Specific Channel
CCH Control Channel
DCCH Dedicated Control Channel
SDCCH Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel
ACCH Associated Control Channel
FACCH Fast Associated Control Channel
UPCH User Packet Channel BCH Broadcast Channel
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel FCCH Frequency Correction Channel SCH Synchronization Channel
CAC Common Access Channel
PCH Paging Channel CCCH Common Control Channel
ICM Berlin 03 2003
SACCH Slow Associated Control Channel
Page 20
RACH Random Access Channel AGCH Access Grant Channel © Siemens, 2003
Content 3 GSM 3.1 General overview 3.2 Architecture 3.3 The Radio Interface 3.4 Signalling 3.5 Radio Resource Management 3.6 Network Management
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 21
© Siemens, 2003
Functional planes Operator
User
OAM CM
MM RR
OAM:
Operation, Administration and Maintenance
CM:
Communication Management
MM:
Mobility Management
RR:
Radio Resource Management
Transmission
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 22
© Siemens, 2003
GSM Signalling Architecture MS
BTS
relay MSC
BSC
anchor MSC
RIL 3 - CC
CM
HLR
RIL3:
Radio Interface Layer 3
MAP:
Mobile Application Part
RSM:
Radio Subsystem Management
MAP/D RIL3 - MM
MM
RR
BSSMAP: Base Station System Management
RIL3 - RR RSM
BSS MAP
MAP/E TCAP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
LAPDm
LAPD
MTP
MTP
MTP
Layer 1
Layer 1
Layer 1
Layer 1
Layer 1
Abis ICM Berlin 03 2003
TCAP:
Transaction Capabilities Application Part
SCCP:
Signalling Connection Control Part
LAPD:
Link Access Protocol
(LAPDm): for the D-Channel (Dm-Channel) MTP:
AInterface Page 23
© Siemens, 2003
Message transfer part
Protocols and Interfaces HLR
VLR
AC
EIR
CC MM RF DT AP
L2 L1
RSS MAP
RSSAP
GSM Air Interface
X
BST
BSC
MAP TCAP
CCS7
SCCP
SCCP
MTP
MTP
CCS7
ISUP SCCP MTP
CCS7
MSC
ISDN line signalling
MS
X.25
X.25 PSTN
OMPR
OMC e.g.
MFC-R2
PLMN ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 24
© Siemens, 2003
other Networks
Protokollstruktur SSS MAP
CP
TCAP
CP
LTG
BSSAP
ISUP
MTP CCNC ICM Berlin 03 2003
Massage transfer part (Physikalischem Sicherungs-, Vermittlungsebene)
SCCP
Signalling Connection Control Part (Adressierung und Lenken von Nachrichten - auch über Grenzen eines Netzes)
ISUP
ISDN User Part
BSSAP
Base Station System Application Part (Auf der A-Schnittstelle MSC – BSC)
TCAP
Transaction Capabilities Application Part (Basis für Transaktions-Abwicklungen)
MAP
Mobile Application Part (Mobilfunkspezifische, transaktionsorientierte Nachrichten zwischen Einheiten der SSS)
LTG C P, L T G
SCCP
MTP
Page 25
© Siemens, 2003
Content 3 GSM 3.1 General overview 3.2 Architecture 3.3 The Radio Interface 3.4 Signalling 3.5 Radio Resource Management 3.6 Network Management
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 26
© Siemens, 2003
Radio Resource Management The technological field of Radio Resource Management is signalling GSM signalling is a split in three functional domains: – Communication Management – Mobility Management and – Radio Resource Management In a cellular system like GSM, a dedicated channel over the radio interface is provided to the mobile stations only on demand and for the duration of the call. Therefore two features are needed: – Dynamic channel allocation (dedicated mode and idlemode) and – Handover.
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 27
© Siemens, 2003
RR, MM und CM-Layers n
Radio Resource Management (RR) The role of the radio resource management layer is to establish and release stable connections between mobile stations and an MSC for the duration of a call for instance, and to maintain them despite user movements. It must cope with a limited radio resource (and the corresponding terrestrial resources) and share it dynamically between all needs. The functions of the RR layer are mainly performed by the handover process lies entirely within the RR layer, part of the functions implemented in the MSC are within the RR domain, in particular the ones related to inter-MSC handovers.
n
Mobility Management (MM) The machines concerned with mobility management are mainly the mobile station (and more precisely the SIM inside the mobile station), the HLR and the MSC/VLR. The management of the security functions are done by the same machines, and more particularly by the AuC inside the HLR. The BSS is not concerned with the MM plane.
n
Communication Management (CM) The functions of the communication management layer, or CM layer, consist in setting up calls between users at their request, as well as of course maintaining these calls and releasing them. It includes the means for the user to have some control over the management of the calls he originates or receives, though the “Supplementary Services”. The variety of the Communication Management functions makes it easier to describe as three sub-domains.
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 28
© Siemens, 2003
RR-session and RR connection anchor MSC
relay MSC
MSC
MSC
A - Interface CM transactions
BSC
BSC
BSC
RR-session
anchor MSC relay MSC
Abis - Interface
BSC
RR-connection
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
inter-MSC handover
BTS
inter-BSC handover intra-BSC inter-BTS handover or change of channel on same BTS
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 29
© Siemens, 2003
Content 3 GSM 3.1 General overview 3.2 Architecture 3.3 The Radio Interface 3.4 Signalling 3.5 Radio Resource Management 3.6 Network Management
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 30
© Siemens, 2003
Operation and Maintenance Subsystem OMS-Tasks Configuration Management
Fault Management
Performance Management
Security Management
Accounting Management ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 31
© Siemens, 2003
Mobile Markets – Challenges Network Management Challenge
Market Trends • Increasing competition • Invest in UMTS • Increasing complexity • Up-coming data services • Market consolidation
MNO Strategy for OSS é Centralisation
é Specialisation é Full automation of operational process
MNO Challenge
é Customer orientation
n Increasing complexity of multi-standard mobile networks n Shorter innovation cycles of network elements & services n New NM paradigms through IP and NG OSS/eTOM n From network to service centric operations
é New service propositions é Quality of service
n Decrease of Systems Integration Tax
é Customer satisfaction
ê Time-to-service ê OPEX
NG OSS eTOM
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 32
New Generation Operations Services and Software enhanced Telecom Operations Map
© Siemens, 2003
Business Drivers Operators’ priorities have changed significantly Today's focus of operators on CAPEX and availability will shift towards total cost of ownership
Commercial Operation Initial Roll-out § Price (CAPEX) § Time to Service
§ Price (CAPEX) + OPEX § Network Growth § Network Quality § Network Optimization & Performance
O&M the decisive differentiator for the manufacturer ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 33
© Siemens, 2003
Economical Solutions Understand the organization and cost structure of the mobile operator
OPEX 55%
n Analysis of business and operational processes n Identification of OPEX saving measures
Efficient operational concepts n Excellent mobile network usability with intuitive management n Automation of operational processes by Self-Optimizing-Networks, Auto-discovery ...
CAPEX Licence 15% 30%
Network Size and Complexity ... Process Automation ... GSM
GPRS
Optimal tailored network and service management solutions meeting mobile operator needs n Hiding network complexity n Full service orientation ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 34
© Siemens, 2003
OPEX UMTS
Network Management Landscape Mobile OSS Service Fulfillment
OSS
Service Assurance
Open Interface Policy
Service Billing
Interfaces Applications
Own Products
Netviewer
Radio Commander
Switch Commander
IP Manager
@vantage Commander
Element Managers Message Coordinator Microwave
Mobile Data Mobile Radio
IMS
Mobile Core IP and 3rd party equipment Enabling Services
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 35
© Siemens, 2003
NetViewer NME O&M Microwave (SDH, PDH and ATM based products) n Fault, configuration and performance management of all SMC microwave links, security n Different transport technologies: SDH, PDH, ATM n Full range of payload capacity: 2x2 … 8x155 Mbit/s n Various topological scenarios (point-to-point vs. point-to-multipoint; ring vs. tree, ...) n Friendly and useful graphical user interface (GUI)
Benefits
Managed objects: SRA family, SRT family, SRA L family, SkyWeb P-MP ICM Berlin 03 2003
n Standard platform (MS Windows) reduces training and operating costs n Capability to manage the whole microwave catalogue and 3rd party devices n Scalability in accordance with the network growth SDH PDH ATM
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy Asynchronous Transfer Mode Page 36
…
© Siemens, 2003
Radio Commander O&M Radio (Radio Access Network) n Fault, configuration, performance, security and software management n Future-proof and scalable system architecture n Value-adding application O&M ToolSet n Comfortable graphical user interface (GUI) and command line interface (CLI) n Open and standardized interfaces, e.g. MCCM
Benefits
Managed objects: BTS, BSC, TRAU NodeB, RNC ICM Berlin 03 2003
n Management of 2G and 3G networks by one user interface reduces training and operating costs and saves investment n Scalability for a quick and cost efficient network growth n Open interfaces for a smooth integration into the multi-vendor environment Page 37
© Siemens, 2003
Switch Commander O&M Core n Fault detection and reparation for mobile core technologies n Configuration, Performance measurements n Value added applications: Network Configuration Management (NCM), backup & restore n Authorization and access control n Remote access to its graphical user interface (GUI) and automation tools
Benefits n Investment protection by management of 2G and 3G networks with one GUI n Scalable, adaptable to network changes and extensions n Efficiency by customizable user interface and unified look-and-feel for all managed elements.
Managed objects: e.g. SGSN, MSC ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 38
© Siemens, 2003
IP Manager O&M for 3rd party IP/IT based network elements n n n n n
Fault, configuration, performance and security management Powerful integration of OEM capabilities Telnet for mass data configuration Value adding applications: e.g. Mprobes, Watchdog User friendly and high customizable graphical user interface (GUI) n Open and standardized interfaces, e.g. SNMP Benefits SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
Managed objects (e.g. Gateways, Server, Routers, Firewalls) ICM Berlin 03 2003
n Increased operating efficiency through a highly integrated O&M solution for multi-vendor IP-based network elements n High scalable (network growth), high flexible operational area n Independent rollout schedules and release cycles possible n Flexible 3rd party integration Page 39
© Siemens, 2003
Middleware-Commander O&M IN, Charging and IMS n Fault, configuration, load and security management real-time performance monitoring, backup&restore n Future-proof and scalable system architecture (based on Solaris) n Comfortable graphical user interface (GUI) n Open standard interfaces (SNMP, FTP, Corba, XML) n Carrier grade availability (up to 99.95% for 2 node cluster) SNMP FTP CORBA XML B&R
Simple Network Management Protocol File Transfer Protocol Common Object Request Broker Architecture Extended Markup Language Backup and Restore
Managed objects: Enabling Services, (e.g. Charging), IP Multimedia Subsystem, e.g. HSS, CSCF) ICM Berlin 03 2003
Benefits n OPEX reduction due to centralized flexible element management and backup&restore for different network element types n Scalability: from small up to large networks n Small-footprint: 1 @vantage Commander manages whole domain (up to 80 network elements) n Dual vendor strategy: SUN or FSC for servers n “2 in 1” configuration: @vantage Commander and B&R server on one host. Page 40
© Siemens, 2003
Message Coordinator n n n n
Multinetwork technology (GSM, GPRS, UMTS) Multivendor capability Data collection (FTAM, FTP, GTP´) GUI with JAVA environment, easy adaptation to the customer interfaces and its changes n Auditing n Alarming per SNMP (Session) (Service) (Content)
Bill
GGSN Radius MSP Call Data Records (raw)
Inter Accounting Call Analysis Fraud Detection Consolidated CDRs
n Investment protection by support of 2G and 3G networks and IP services n Redundancy (acc to 3GPP) to ensure transmission security n Comprehensive billing mediation. Service
FTAM FTP GTP SNMP
Content ICM Berlin 03 2003
SGSN
Billing
Benefits
Message Coordinator
Session
MSC
MessageCoordinator
Charging gateway and billing mediation for offline charging
Page 41
File Transfer, Access and Management File Transfer Protocol GPRS Tunneling Protocol Simple Network Management Protocol © Siemens, 2003
Mobile OSS – Open Interface Policy Siemens offers interfaces, consulting and integration support n Northbound interfaces on element managers and network elements n Interfaces are documented in detail
OSS Systems Service Fulfillment FM
CM
Service Assurance PM
Fault Config Perform. Mgmt Mgmt Mgmt
n Interoperability tests offered to mobile operators and to OSS vendors
Subscriber Mgmt
Element ManagerElement Manager
Network Elements
Benefits n Open access to Siemens Network equipment’s northbound interfaces n Mobile network operators are not restricted to proprietary solutions n Open interfaces cut integration costs ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 42
Service Billing
© Siemens, 2003
Content 3 GSM 3.1 General overview 3.2 Architecture 3.3 The Radio Interface 3.4 Signalling 3.5 Radio Resource Management 3.6 Network Management
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 2
© Siemens, 2003
Reasons for introduction of GSM systems
Ø Governments, operators and suppliers have strong interests in the introduction of a standard for mobile communication systems for voice and data Ø High subscriber capacity Ø Improved grade of service quality Ø Fully automatic international roaming Ø Early demand in some countries Ø Universal interfaces for compatibility purpose
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 3
© Siemens, 2003
GSM/MoU obligations 1982
Foundation of GSM
1986
Field trails
End
1987
Final drafts of all essential recommendations
Early
1988
Call for tenders
Mid
1988
Final drafts of all other recommendations
1988
Contracts
1991
Pre-Commercial operation
1992
Commercial operation
until
1993
Service for all capitals and major airports
until
1995
Service for all traffic routes between capitals GSM Global System for Mobile Communications MoU Memorandum of Understanding
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 4
© Siemens, 2003
Basic factors influencing the layout of Cellular Mobile Radio Systems Spectrum Efficiency
Cost Effectiveness
Optimum Cellular Systems
Traffic Capacity (Erl)
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 5
© Siemens, 2003
Features Ø Fully digital transmission Ø Enhanced frequency economy Ø Privacy Ø Improved hand-held viability Ø Flexible configuration of networks and services Ø International compatibility Ø Enhanced services Ø Based on field-proven EWSD technology
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 6
© Siemens, 2003
Services Ø Basic services •
Telephony
•
Emergency call
•
Short message service
•
Fax Group 3
•
Data up to 9600 bit/s
Ø Supplementary services •
Closed user group
•
Multiparty service
•
Call forwarding
•
Call hold/call wait
•
Calling/connected line identification
•
Subscriber controlled input
•
Barring of calls
•
Advice of charge
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 7
© Siemens, 2003
Content 3 GSM 3.1 General overview 3.2 Architecture 3.3 The Radio Interface 3.4 Signalling 3.5 Radio Resource Management 3.6 Network Management
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 8
© Siemens, 2003
External Interfaces Operator
GSM
External networks
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Users
Page 9
© Siemens, 2003
Subsystem of a GSM-PLMN GSM-PLMN Um A RSS
to/from other Networks
SSS
O
O OMS
RSS
Radio Subsystem
Um, A, O Interfaces
ICM Berlin 03 2003
SSS
Switching Subsystem
OMS
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Subsystem
Page 10
© Siemens, 2003
Public Land Mobile Network PLMN Components Mobile-
Mobile-
Mobile-
Station
Station
Station
Mobile Network Components
Radio Interface
Base Station
Base Station
Mobile Network Components
Base Station
PLMN Fixed Network: Gateway Exchange ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 11
© Siemens, 2003
Public land mobile network (PLMN) System architecture Base station system BSS
Switching subsystem SSS
Other networks
AC
VLR
HLR
PSTN EIR ISDN
BTS
BSC
TRAU
MSC Data networks
Mobile station
OMC-B
OMC-S
PLMN
Operation & maintenance centers AC BSC BTS EIR HLR ICM Berlin 03 2003
Authentication center Base station controller Base transceiver station Equipment identification register Home location register
MSC OMC-B OMC-S VLR
Mobile services switching center OMC base station system OMC switching subsystem Visitor location register
Page 12
© Siemens, 2003
General Definitions Ø
Location Register To establish a call to a mobile station the network must know where this mobile is located.
Ø
Home Location Register (HLR) A mobile subscriber is registered at one location register which functions as its home center for chasrging and billing purposes and for administering its subscriber parameters.
Ø
Visitor Location Register (VLR) The Visitor Location Register is the location register, other than the HLR, used by an MSC to retrieve information for e. g. handling of calls to or from a roaming mobile station currently located in its area.
Ø
Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) The MSC constitutes the interface between the radio system and the fixed networks. The MSC performs all necessary functions in order to handle the calls to and from the base station.
Ø
Base Station Area The Base Station Area is the part of the network covered my a base station. Every mobile station in base station area can be reached by the equipment of the base station.
Ø
Location Area The Location Area is defined as an area in which a mobile station may move freely without updating the location register. A Location Area may include one or several base station areas.
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 13
© Siemens, 2003
Structure of an Intelligent Network (IN)
Communication Interface
Data Base
SMS
Data Base
SCP
X.25 Communication Interface Program Interface Communication Interface
SMS Service Management System - Management of data and statistics - Introduction of new services - Service updates
CCS 7 Network
SCP Service Cotrol Point - Data base for service control • Introduction of new services • Service authentification
SSP
SSP Service Switching Point - Service access - Service processing User
User
User CCS 7: common channel signaling system no. 7
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 14
© Siemens, 2003
Mobilkommunikationssystem als Intelligentes Netz
Communication Interface
Data Base
MS
SMS
MS
Nationale und Internationale Luftschnittstelle for MS
Funkfeld X.25 Communication Interface Program Interface Communication Interface
Data Base
SCP
Funkzelle
PLMN OAMC (SMS) BSS
SMS Service Management System - Management of data and statistics - Introduction of new services - Service updates
CCS 7 Network
BSS zu anderen PLMN
CCS 7
CCS 7 SCP Service Cotrol Point - Data base for service control • Introduction of new services • Service authentification
Datenbasen (SCP)
CCS 7
MCP (SSP)
MCP (SSP)
SSP
BSS:
Base Station System
MS:
Mobile Station
MSC:
Mobile Services Switching Center
CCS 7: Common Channel Signaling No 7 PSTN: Public Switched Telefone Network
SSP Service Switching Point - Service access - Service processing
OAMC: Operation, Administration, Maintenance Center
Fernvermittlungsstellen (oberste Ebene) Teilnehmer (User)
Teilnehmer (User)
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Teilnehmer (User)
PSTN (national) Page 15
Internationale Schnittstelle
© Siemens, 2003
GSM – PLMN Referenzkonfiguration Sprache
22,8 kb/s
16 kb/s
64 kb/s
13 kb/s
3 + 13 kb/s
64 kb/s
Sprache 64 kb/s
Daten
Daten 22,8 kb/s
0,3 kb/s 1,2 kb/s 2,4 kb/s 4,8 kb/s 9,6 kb/s Sync/Async.
16 kb/s
3,6 kb/s 6 kb/s 12 kb/s
64 kb/s 8 kb/s 16 kb/s
3,4 + 12,6 kb/s
0,3 kb/s 1,2 kb/s 2,4 kb/s 4,8 kb/s 9,6 kb/s Sync/Async.
8 kb/s 16 kb/s
Luftschnittstelle Mobile Station (MS) TE
MT
MT R F M
CC
RFM
TRAU
Vermittlungs- Interworking Funktion = IWF funktion (IWE)
TRAU-Frame (20 ms)
CCU
MSC
Luftschnittstellen-
BS- MSC/IWF
Verbindungselement
Verbindungselement
BS CC CCU IWE IWF L2R MSC
CC
RA
RA
L2R/RLP
L2R/RLP GSM-PLMN Verbindungstyp (Connection Type)
RLP TE TRAU
GSM-PLMN Verbindung (Connection) Netzzugangspunkt ICM Berlin 03 2003
Netzzugangspunkt Page 16
MT RA RFM
© Siemens, 2003
Base Station Channel Coding Cannel Coding Unit Interworking Equipment Interworking Function Layer 2 Relay Function Mobile Service Switching Center Mobile Terminal Rate Adaption Radio Frequency Management Radio Link Protocol Terminal Equipment Transcoding and Rate Adaption
Microwave: Products/Systems
•• PtP PtP Radio Radio Links Links •• PmP PmP Radio Radio Links Links •• WLL WLL Access Access Systems Systems PtP
MSC
PmP
BTS
BSC RNC
NodeB
BTS
NodeB
OMC
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 17
BTS
NodeB
© Siemens, 2003
Content 3 GSM 3.1 General overview 3.2 Architecture 3.3 The Radio Interface 3.4 Signalling 3.5 Radio Resource Management 3.6 Network Management
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 18
© Siemens, 2003
GSM Multiple Access Scheme (FDMA/TDMA)
Zeitschlitznummer 1 Zeitschlitz
7
≈ 0,577 ms (156,25 bits)
6 5 1 TDMARahmen ≈ 4,615 ms (1250 Bits)
4 3 2 Zeit 1 0 Frequenz 200 kHz Funkkanal
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 19
© Siemens, 2003
Strukturbaum der logistischen (funktionalen) Kanäle Speech
TCH/FS Traffic Channel Full rate for Speech TCH/HS Traffic Channel Half rate for Speech
Data
TCH/F… Traffic Channel Full rate for Data TCH/F… Traffic Channel Half rate for Data
TCH Traffic Channel
Logical Channels
USC User Specific Channel
CCH Control Channel
DCCH Dedicated Control Channel
SDCCH Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel
ACCH Associated Control Channel
FACCH Fast Associated Control Channel
UPCH User Packet Channel BCH Broadcast Channel
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel FCCH Frequency Correction Channel SCH Synchronization Channel
CAC Common Access Channel
PCH Paging Channel CCCH Common Control Channel
ICM Berlin 03 2003
SACCH Slow Associated Control Channel
Page 20
RACH Random Access Channel AGCH Access Grant Channel © Siemens, 2003
Content 3 GSM 3.1 General overview 3.2 Architecture 3.3 The Radio Interface 3.4 Signalling 3.5 Radio Resource Management 3.6 Network Management
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 21
© Siemens, 2003
Functional planes Operator
User
OAM CM
MM RR
OAM:
Operation, Administration and Maintenance
CM:
Communication Management
MM:
Mobility Management
RR:
Radio Resource Management
Transmission
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 22
© Siemens, 2003
GSM Signalling Architecture MS
BTS
relay MSC
BSC
anchor MSC
RIL 3 - CC
CM
HLR
RIL3:
Radio Interface Layer 3
MAP:
Mobile Application Part
RSM:
Radio Subsystem Management
MAP/D RIL3 - MM
MM
RR
BSSMAP: Base Station System Management
RIL3 - RR RSM
BSS MAP
MAP/E TCAP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
LAPDm
LAPD
MTP
MTP
MTP
Layer 1
Layer 1
Layer 1
Layer 1
Layer 1
Abis ICM Berlin 03 2003
TCAP:
Transaction Capabilities Application Part
SCCP:
Signalling Connection Control Part
LAPD:
Link Access Protocol
(LAPDm): for the D-Channel (Dm-Channel) MTP:
AInterface Page 23
© Siemens, 2003
Message transfer part
Protocols and Interfaces HLR
VLR
AC
EIR
CC MM RF DT AP
L2 L1
RSS MAP
RSSAP
GSM Air Interface
X
BST
BSC
MAP TCAP
CCS7
SCCP
SCCP
MTP
MTP
CCS7
ISUP SCCP MTP
CCS7
MSC
ISDN line signalling
MS
X.25
X.25 PSTN
OMPR
OMC e.g.
MFC-R2
PLMN ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 24
© Siemens, 2003
other Networks
Protokollstruktur SSS MAP
CP
TCAP
CP
LTG
BSSAP
ISUP
MTP CCNC ICM Berlin 03 2003
Massage transfer part (Physikalischem Sicherungs-, Vermittlungsebene)
SCCP
Signalling Connection Control Part (Adressierung und Lenken von Nachrichten - auch über Grenzen eines Netzes)
ISUP
ISDN User Part
BSSAP
Base Station System Application Part (Auf der A-Schnittstelle MSC – BSC)
TCAP
Transaction Capabilities Application Part (Basis für Transaktions-Abwicklungen)
MAP
Mobile Application Part (Mobilfunkspezifische, transaktionsorientierte Nachrichten zwischen Einheiten der SSS)
LTG C P, L T G
SCCP
MTP
Page 25
© Siemens, 2003
Content 3 GSM 3.1 General overview 3.2 Architecture 3.3 The Radio Interface 3.4 Signalling 3.5 Radio Resource Management 3.6 Network Management
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 26
© Siemens, 2003
Radio Resource Management The technological field of Radio Resource Management is signalling GSM signalling is a split in three functional domains: – Communication Management – Mobility Management and – Radio Resource Management In a cellular system like GSM, a dedicated channel over the radio interface is provided to the mobile stations only on demand and for the duration of the call. Therefore two features are needed: – Dynamic channel allocation (dedicated mode and idlemode) and – Handover.
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 27
© Siemens, 2003
RR, MM und CM-Layers n
Radio Resource Management (RR) The role of the radio resource management layer is to establish and release stable connections between mobile stations and an MSC for the duration of a call for instance, and to maintain them despite user movements. It must cope with a limited radio resource (and the corresponding terrestrial resources) and share it dynamically between all needs. The functions of the RR layer are mainly performed by the handover process lies entirely within the RR layer, part of the functions implemented in the MSC are within the RR domain, in particular the ones related to inter-MSC handovers.
n
Mobility Management (MM) The machines concerned with mobility management are mainly the mobile station (and more precisely the SIM inside the mobile station), the HLR and the MSC/VLR. The management of the security functions are done by the same machines, and more particularly by the AuC inside the HLR. The BSS is not concerned with the MM plane.
n
Communication Management (CM) The functions of the communication management layer, or CM layer, consist in setting up calls between users at their request, as well as of course maintaining these calls and releasing them. It includes the means for the user to have some control over the management of the calls he originates or receives, though the “Supplementary Services”. The variety of the Communication Management functions makes it easier to describe as three sub-domains.
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 28
© Siemens, 2003
RR-session and RR connection anchor MSC
relay MSC
MSC
MSC
A - Interface CM transactions
BSC
BSC
BSC
RR-session
anchor MSC relay MSC
Abis - Interface
BSC
RR-connection
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
inter-MSC handover
BTS
inter-BSC handover intra-BSC inter-BTS handover or change of channel on same BTS
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 29
© Siemens, 2003
Content 3 GSM 3.1 General overview 3.2 Architecture 3.3 The Radio Interface 3.4 Signalling 3.5 Radio Resource Management 3.6 Network Management
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 30
© Siemens, 2003
Operation and Maintenance Subsystem OMS-Tasks Configuration Management
Fault Management
Performance Management
Security Management
Accounting Management ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 31
© Siemens, 2003
Mobile Markets – Challenges Network Management Challenge
Market Trends • Increasing competition • Invest in UMTS • Increasing complexity • Up-coming data services • Market consolidation
MNO Strategy for OSS é Centralisation
é Specialisation é Full automation of operational process
MNO Challenge
é Customer orientation
n Increasing complexity of multi-standard mobile networks n Shorter innovation cycles of network elements & services n New NM paradigms through IP and NG OSS/eTOM n From network to service centric operations
é New service propositions é Quality of service
n Decrease of Systems Integration Tax
é Customer satisfaction
ê Time-to-service ê OPEX
NG OSS eTOM
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 32
New Generation Operations Services and Software enhanced Telecom Operations Map
© Siemens, 2003
Business Drivers Operators’ priorities have changed significantly Today's focus of operators on CAPEX and availability will shift towards total cost of ownership
Commercial Operation Initial Roll-out § Price (CAPEX) § Time to Service
§ Price (CAPEX) + OPEX § Network Growth § Network Quality § Network Optimization & Performance
O&M the decisive differentiator for the manufacturer ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 33
© Siemens, 2003
Economical Solutions Understand the organization and cost structure of the mobile operator
OPEX 55%
n Analysis of business and operational processes n Identification of OPEX saving measures
Efficient operational concepts n Excellent mobile network usability with intuitive management n Automation of operational processes by Self-Optimizing-Networks, Auto-discovery ...
CAPEX Licence 15% 30%
Network Size and Complexity ... Process Automation ... GSM
GPRS
Optimal tailored network and service management solutions meeting mobile operator needs n Hiding network complexity n Full service orientation ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 34
© Siemens, 2003
OPEX UMTS
Network Management Landscape Mobile OSS Service Fulfillment
OSS
Service Assurance
Open Interface Policy
Service Billing
Interfaces Applications
Own Products
Netviewer
Radio Commander
Switch Commander
IP Manager
@vantage Commander
Element Managers Message Coordinator Microwave
Mobile Data Mobile Radio
IMS
Mobile Core IP and 3rd party equipment Enabling Services
ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 35
© Siemens, 2003
NetViewer NME O&M Microwave (SDH, PDH and ATM based products) n Fault, configuration and performance management of all SMC microwave links, security n Different transport technologies: SDH, PDH, ATM n Full range of payload capacity: 2x2 … 8x155 Mbit/s n Various topological scenarios (point-to-point vs. point-to-multipoint; ring vs. tree, ...) n Friendly and useful graphical user interface (GUI)
Benefits
Managed objects: SRA family, SRT family, SRA L family, SkyWeb P-MP ICM Berlin 03 2003
n Standard platform (MS Windows) reduces training and operating costs n Capability to manage the whole microwave catalogue and 3rd party devices n Scalability in accordance with the network growth SDH PDH ATM
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy Asynchronous Transfer Mode Page 36
…
© Siemens, 2003
Radio Commander O&M Radio (Radio Access Network) n Fault, configuration, performance, security and software management n Future-proof and scalable system architecture n Value-adding application O&M ToolSet n Comfortable graphical user interface (GUI) and command line interface (CLI) n Open and standardized interfaces, e.g. MCCM
Benefits
Managed objects: BTS, BSC, TRAU NodeB, RNC ICM Berlin 03 2003
n Management of 2G and 3G networks by one user interface reduces training and operating costs and saves investment n Scalability for a quick and cost efficient network growth n Open interfaces for a smooth integration into the multi-vendor environment Page 37
© Siemens, 2003
Switch Commander O&M Core n Fault detection and reparation for mobile core technologies n Configuration, Performance measurements n Value added applications: Network Configuration Management (NCM), backup & restore n Authorization and access control n Remote access to its graphical user interface (GUI) and automation tools
Benefits n Investment protection by management of 2G and 3G networks with one GUI n Scalable, adaptable to network changes and extensions n Efficiency by customizable user interface and unified look-and-feel for all managed elements.
Managed objects: e.g. SGSN, MSC ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 38
© Siemens, 2003
IP Manager O&M for 3rd party IP/IT based network elements n n n n n
Fault, configuration, performance and security management Powerful integration of OEM capabilities Telnet for mass data configuration Value adding applications: e.g. Mprobes, Watchdog User friendly and high customizable graphical user interface (GUI) n Open and standardized interfaces, e.g. SNMP Benefits SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
Managed objects (e.g. Gateways, Server, Routers, Firewalls) ICM Berlin 03 2003
n Increased operating efficiency through a highly integrated O&M solution for multi-vendor IP-based network elements n High scalable (network growth), high flexible operational area n Independent rollout schedules and release cycles possible n Flexible 3rd party integration Page 39
© Siemens, 2003
Middleware-Commander O&M IN, Charging and IMS n Fault, configuration, load and security management real-time performance monitoring, backup&restore n Future-proof and scalable system architecture (based on Solaris) n Comfortable graphical user interface (GUI) n Open standard interfaces (SNMP, FTP, Corba, XML) n Carrier grade availability (up to 99.95% for 2 node cluster) SNMP FTP CORBA XML B&R
Simple Network Management Protocol File Transfer Protocol Common Object Request Broker Architecture Extended Markup Language Backup and Restore
Managed objects: Enabling Services, (e.g. Charging), IP Multimedia Subsystem, e.g. HSS, CSCF) ICM Berlin 03 2003
Benefits n OPEX reduction due to centralized flexible element management and backup&restore for different network element types n Scalability: from small up to large networks n Small-footprint: 1 @vantage Commander manages whole domain (up to 80 network elements) n Dual vendor strategy: SUN or FSC for servers n “2 in 1” configuration: @vantage Commander and B&R server on one host. Page 40
© Siemens, 2003
Message Coordinator n n n n
Multinetwork technology (GSM, GPRS, UMTS) Multivendor capability Data collection (FTAM, FTP, GTP´) GUI with JAVA environment, easy adaptation to the customer interfaces and its changes n Auditing n Alarming per SNMP (Session) (Service) (Content)
Bill
GGSN Radius MSP Call Data Records (raw)
Inter Accounting Call Analysis Fraud Detection Consolidated CDRs
n Investment protection by support of 2G and 3G networks and IP services n Redundancy (acc to 3GPP) to ensure transmission security n Comprehensive billing mediation. Service
FTAM FTP GTP SNMP
Content ICM Berlin 03 2003
SGSN
Billing
Benefits
Message Coordinator
Session
MSC
MessageCoordinator
Charging gateway and billing mediation for offline charging
Page 41
File Transfer, Access and Management File Transfer Protocol GPRS Tunneling Protocol Simple Network Management Protocol © Siemens, 2003
Mobile OSS – Open Interface Policy Siemens offers interfaces, consulting and integration support n Northbound interfaces on element managers and network elements n Interfaces are documented in detail
OSS Systems Service Fulfillment FM
CM
Service Assurance PM
Fault Config Perform. Mgmt Mgmt Mgmt
n Interoperability tests offered to mobile operators and to OSS vendors
Subscriber Mgmt
Element ManagerElement Manager
Network Elements
Benefits n Open access to Siemens Network equipment’s northbound interfaces n Mobile network operators are not restricted to proprietary solutions n Open interfaces cut integration costs ICM Berlin 03 2003
Page 42
Service Billing
© Siemens, 2003
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