Gsm Fundamentals

Internal

www.huawei.com

GBSS Training Team HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 2

  

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 3

Chapter 1 GSM System Overview Chapter 2 Features of GSM Chapter 3 GSM Network Structure Chapter 4 Service Area and Number Planning Chapter 5 Handover and Frequency hopping Chapter 6 Location Update Chapter 7 Propagation Mechanisms Chapter 8 GPRS & EDGE Introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 4

GSM system overview    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 5

GSM system overview    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 6

GSM system overview CELLULAR TELEPHONY    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 7

GSM History and Overview

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 8

Cell Definitions Macro Cell and Micro Cell  



HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 9

Multiple Access Technique  

 FDD-TDMA

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 10

FDMA

Frequency

  ，

Time

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 11

TDMA

Frequency

 

Time

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 12

CDMA Frequency

 

Time

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 13

Frequency Spectrum GSM 900    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 14

Frequency Spectrum Extended GSM(EGSM)    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 15

Frequency Spectrum DCS 1800   

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 16

Frequency Spectrum

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 17

Chapter 1 GSM System Overview Chapter 2 Features of GSM Chapter 3 GSM Network Structure Chapter 4 Service Area and Number Planning Chapter 5 Handover and Frequency hopping Chapter 6 Location Update Chapter 7 Propagation Mechanisms Chapter 8 GPRS & EDGE Introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 18

Features of GSM INCREASED CAPACITY    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 19

Features of GSM AUDIO QUALITY   

USE OF STANDARDISED OPEN INTERFACES  

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 20

Features of GSM IMPROVED SECURITY AND CONFIDENTIALITY    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 21

Features of GSM CLEANER HANDOVERS   

SUBSCRIBER IDENTIFICATION   

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 22

Features of GSM ENHANCED RANGE OF SERVICES     

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 23

Features of GSM FREQUENCY REUSE   

    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 24

Frequency Reuse

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 25

Cell Types

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 26

Chapter 1 GSM System Overview Chapter 2 Features of GSM Chapter 3 GSM Network Structure Chapter 4 Service Area and Number Planning Chapter 5 Handover and Frequency hopping Chapter 6 Location Update Chapter 7 Propagation Mechanisms Chapter 8 GPRS & EDGE Introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 27

GSM-GPRS Network Component

SS7

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 28

Interface Between Different Entities

SS7

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 29

Mobile Station—MS   



HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 30

Mobile Station—MS 

CLASS POWER OUTPUT 1 2 3 4 5

20W 8W 5W 2W 0.8W

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 31

Base Station Subsystem-BSS

 The Base Station Controller –

BSC  The Base Transceiver Station –

BTS  The Trans-coder – TC and Sub

multiplexer (SM)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 32

Base Station Subsystem-BSS     

Transcoder (XCDR) or Remote transcoder (RXCDR) . Base Station Controller (BSC). Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) assigned to the BSC.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 33

Transcoder       

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 34

Transcoder

BSC

Transcoded information from four calls

0

1

2

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

16 All rights reserved

31 Page 35

Base Station Controller-BSC   

Controls the BTS components.Performs Call Processing. Performs Operations and Maintenance (O & M). Provides the O & M link (OML) between the BSS and the OMC. Provides the A Interface between the BSS and the MSC. Manages the radio channels. Transfers signaling information to and from MSs.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 36

Base Tran receiver Station-BTS    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 37

BTS Connectivity

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 38

Packet Control Unit - PCU

 Packet data switching  Bridge between SGSN

and BSC  Provide Pb and Gb

interface

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 39

Network Switching System

Mobile-service Switching Center Home Location Register Visitor Location Register Equipment Identity Register Authentication Center Echo Cancellor HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

– MSC – HLR – VLR – EIR – AUC – EC All rights reserved

Page 40

Mobile-service Switching Center - MSC      

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 41

Home Location Register - HLR  



 

Subscribers ID (IMSI and MSISDN ) Current subscriber VLR. Supplementary services subscribed to. Supplementary services information (eg. Current forwarding address ). Authentication key and AUC functionality. TMSI and MSRN

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 42

Visitor Location Register -VLR    

Mobile status ( Busy / Free / No answer etc. ) Location Area Identity ( LAI ) Temporary Mobile Subscribers Identity ( TMSI ) Mobile Station Roaming Number ( MSRN ) 

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 43

Authentication Centre - AUC    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 44

Equipment Identity Register - EIR

 White List: All Valid

assigned ID’s  Black List: Service

allowed but noted  Grey List: Service

denied

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 45

Operation and maintenance Centre for Radio – OMC-R   

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 46

OMC Functional Architecture

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 47

Different Interfaces in GSM

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 48

Terrestrial Interface   

2 Mb/s Signaling System (C7 or SS7) Packet Switched Data Abis using the LAPD protocol (Link Access Procedure D )

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 49

Interface Names 

NAME

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

INTERFACE

All rights reserved

Page 50

2 Mbits/s Trunk 30-Channel PCM    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 51

Chapter 1 GSM System Overview Chapter 2 Features of GSM Chapter 3 GSM Network Structure Chapter 4 Service Area and Number Planning Chapter 5 Handover and Frequency hopping Chapter 6 Location Update Chapter 7 Propagation Mechanisms Chapter 8 GPRS & EDGE Introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 52

Service Area

...... cell

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

cell

All rights reserved

Page 53

LAI

The LAI is the international code for a location area MCC: Mobile Country Code ， It consists of 3 digits . For example: The MCC of China is "460" MNC: Mobile Network Code ， It consists of 2 digits . For example: The MNC of China Mobile is "00" LAC: Location Area Code ， It is a two bytes hex code. The value 0000 and FFFF is invalid. For example: 460-00-0011 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 54

CGI

The CGI is a unique international identification for a cell The format is LAI+CI LAI: Location Area Identification CI: Cell Identity. This code uses two bytes hex code to the cells within an LAI. For example : 460-00-0011-0001

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 55

identify

BSIC （

NCC: PLMN network color code. It comprises 3 bit. It allows various neighboring PLMNs to be distinguished. BCC: BTS color code. It comprises 3 bit, used to distinguish different cells assigned the same frequency! HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 56

MSISDN

CC: Country Code. For example: The CC of China is "86". NDC: National Destination Code. For example: The NDC of China Telecom is 139, 138, 137, 136, 135. SN: Subscriber Number. Format:H0 H1 H2 H3 ABCD Example: 86-139-0666-1234

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 57

IMSI

， 。 ， 。 ，

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 58

TMSI TMSI: Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identification)  The TMSI is assigned only after successful subscriber

authentication.  The VLR controls the allocation of new TMSI numbers and

notifies them to the HLR.  TMSI is used to ensure that the identity of the mobile subscriber

on the air interface is kept secret.  The TMSI consists of 4 bytes( 8 HEX numbers) and determined by

the operator.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 59

IMEI IMEI: International Mobile Station Equipment Identification

TAC

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 60

Chapter 1 GSM System Overview Chapter 2 Features of GSM Chapter 3 GSM Network Structure Chapter 4 Service Area and Number Planning Chapter 5 Handover and Frequency hopping Chapter 6 Location Update Chapter 7 Propagation Mechanisms Chapter 8 GPRS & EDGE Introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 61

Handover 

    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 62

Handover    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 63

Handover MS END  

Serving cell downlink quality (bit error rate (BER) estimate. Serving cell downlink received signal level, and six best neighbor cells downlink received signal level. 

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 64

Handover BTS END    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 65

Handover Types

BSC

BTS

Call is handed from timeslot 3 to timeslot 5

  

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 66

Intra-BSC Handover

BSC1

BTS1



Call is handed from timeslot 3 of cell1 to timeslot 1 of cell2 . Both the cells are controlled by the same BSC.

.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 67

Inter-BSC Handover

BSC1

BTS1 MSC

Call is handed from timeslot of cell1 to timeslot 1 of cell2 Both the cells are controlled by the different BSC.

BSC2

BTS2 

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 68

Inter-MSC Handover

MSC1

BSS1 BTS1

Call is handed from timeslot 3 of cell1 to timeslot 1 of cell2 . Both the cells are controlled by the different BSC, each BSC being controlled by different MSC

MSC2

BSS2 BTS2



HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 69

Frequency Hopping

M OT O R OL A

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 70

Introduction to Frequency Hopping  

 

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 71

Introduction to Frequency Hopping 

  

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 72

Increased immunity to Fading    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 73

Increased immunity to Fading    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 74

Types of Hopping Base Band Hopping (BBH)      

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 75

Types of Hopping Synthesiser Frequency Hopping (SFH)      

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 76

Chapter 1 GSM System Overview Chapter 2 Features of GSM Chapter 3 GSM Network Structure Chapter 4 Service Area and Number Planning Chapter 5 Handover and Frequency hopping Chapter 6 Location Update Chapter 7 Propagation Mechanisms Chapter 8 GPRS & EDGE Introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 77

Location Update     

3 digits

1-2 digits

Max 16 bits

MCC

MNC

LAC

 MCC  MNC  LAC

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 78

Location Update Types 

Normal location update



Periodic location update



IMSI attach

Normal Location Update

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 79

IMSI Attach    

Periodic Location Update     

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 80

Chapter 1 GSM System Overview Chapter 2 Features of GSM Chapter 3 GSM Network Structure Chapter 4 Service Area and Number Planning Chapter 5 Handover and Frequency hopping Chapter 6 Location Update Chapter 7 Propagation Mechanisms Chapter 8 GPRS & EDGE Introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 81

Propagation Mechanisms Reflection  

λ



Diffraction (Shadowing) 

λ

 

Scattering 

λ



HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 82

Multipath   

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 83

Multipath Multipath Propagation  

Multipath causes three major things     

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 84

What is Fading?     

Large scale fading component

Small scale fading component

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 85

Rayleigh fading     

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 86

Ricean fading    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 87

Diversity 



HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 88

Need of Diversity     

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 89

Kind of Diversity 









HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 90

Interference



HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 91

Effects of Interference      

Source of Interference    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 92

TYPES OF INTERFERENCE 

Co-channel interference Adjacent channel interference

Co-Channel Interference    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 93

Adjacent-Channel Interference    

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 94

Chapter 1 GSM System Overview Chapter 2 Features of GSM Chapter 3 GSM Network Structure Chapter 4 Service Area and Number Planning Chapter 5 Handover and Frequency hopping Chapter 6 Location Update Chapter 7 Propagation Mechanisms Chapter 8 GPRS & EDGE Introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 95

General packet radio service-GPRS  

   

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 96

Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution Characteristics   

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 97

GSM Development Evolution 2Mbps 384kbps 115 kbps 57.6 kbps 9.6 kbps

IMT-2000

EDGE

GPRS

HSCSD

GSM

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 98

      

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 99