Gmat Verbal - Test

Choose the word or set of words for each blank in the following questions that best fits the meaning of the sentence. 1. In one shocking instance of .... research, one of the nations’s most influential researchers in the field of genetics reported on experiments that were never carried out and published deliberately ...... scientific papers on his nonexistent work. (1) comprehensive, abstract (2) theoretical, challenging (3) fraudulent, deceptive (4) derivative, authoritative (5) erroneous, impartial 2. Japan’s industrial success is ..... in part to its tradition of group effort and ...., as opposed to the emphasis on personal achievement that is a prominent aspect of other industrial nations. (1) responsive, independence (2) related, introspection (3) equivalent, solidarity (4) subordinate, individuality (5) attributed, cooperation 3. We are ..... the intellects of the past; or rather, like children we take it for granted that somebody must supply us with our supper and our ..... (1) ungrateful to, ideas (2) dependent on, repose (3) unfaithful to, needs (4) fortunate in, allowance (5) generous to, wants 4. Because she had a reputation for ..... we were surprised and pleased when she greeted us so ..... . (1) insolence, irately (2) insouciance, cordially (3) graciousness, amiably (4) arrogance, disdainfully (5) querulousness, affably 5. Baldwin’s brilliant ‘The Fire Next Time’ is both so eloquent in its passion and so searching in its ..... that it is bound to ..... any reader. (1) bitterness, embarrass (2) romanticism, appal (3) candour, unsettle (4) indifference, disappoint (5) conception, bore Select the lettered answer that contains the best version of the underlined section. 6. A bite from the tsetse fly invariably paralyzes its victims unless an antidote is administered within two hours. (1) its victims unless an antidote is administered (2) its victims unless an antidote can be administered (3) its victims unless an antidote was administered (4) its victims unless an antidote is administered to the victims (5) its victims unless they receive an antidote 7. Accepting the assignment as given was a decision to be made between the manager and I.

(1) given was a decision to be made between the manager and I (2) it was given was a decision to be made between the manager and I (3) given was to be decided by the manager and I (4) given was to be decided by the manager and me (5) given was a decision to be made between the manager and me 8. Suresh, Subodh, Shishir and me were all cited for contempt of court. (1) Suresh, Subodh, Shishir and I were all cited (2) Suresh, Subodh, Shishir and I were all cited (3) Suresh, Subodh, Shishir and I were the ones cited (4) Suresh, Subodh, Shishir and I were cited (5) Suresh, Subodh, Shishir and I was cited 9. All of the companies registered represent companies that signed up ahead of time. (1) companies registered represent companies (2) companies’ registered represent companies (3) companies registered represent companies’ (4) companies’ registered represent companies’ (5) companie’s that registered are companies 10. Jamie Salvadors presentation was by far the most eloquent on the panel. (1) Jamie Salvadors presentation was (2) Jamie Salvadors’ presentation was (3) Jamie Salvador’s presentation was (4) Jamie Salvadors’ presentation was (5) James Salvador’s presentation was Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly similar in meaning to the word in capital letters. 11. INNOCUOUS (1) not capable (2) not dangerous (3) not eager (4) not frank (5) not peaceful 12. FOMENT (1) spoil (2) instigate (3) interrogate (4) spray (5) maintain 13. REMISS (1) lax (2) lost (3) foolish (4) violating (5) ambitious 14. MINION (1) monster (2) quorum (3) majority (4) host (5) dependent 15. AUGMENT (1) make noble (2) anoint (3) increase (4) harvest (5) reach Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. 16. BENIGN (1) tenfold (2) peaceful (3) blessed (4) wavering

(5) malignant 17. PUERILE (1) fragrant (2) adult (3) lonely (4) feminine (5) masterly 18. RUDDY (1) robust (2) witty (3) wan (4) exotic (5) creative 19. JETTISON (1) salvage (2) submerge (3) descend (4) decelerate (5) repent 20. UNTENABLE (1) supportable (2) tender (3) sheepish (4) tremulous (5) adequate Select the lettered pair in the following analogy questions that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original capitalised pair. 21. NAIVE : INGENUE (1) ordinary : genius (2) venerable : celebrity (3) urbane : sophisticate (4) crafty : artisan (5) modest : braggart 22. ANNOTATE : TEXT (1) enact : law (2) prescribe : medication (3) caption : photograph (4) abridge : novel (5) censor : film 23. SNICKER : DISRESPECT (1) whimper : impatience (2) chortle : glee (3) frown : indifference (4) sneer : detachment (5) glower : cheerfulness 24. ROUT : DEFEAT (1) ovation : applause (2) triumph : failure (3) grief : loss (4) pathway : rim (5) memory : oblivion 25. INDOLENT : SLOTH (1) wrathful : ire (2) arrogant : acuity (3) covetous : enigma (4) gluttonous : loyalty (5) impatient : apathy Objective Key 1.(3) 2.(5) 3.(1) 4.(5) 5.(3) 6.(5) 7.(5) 8.(2) 9.(1) 10.(3) 11.(2) 12.(2) 13.(1) 14.(5) 15.(3) 16.(5) 17.(2) 18.(3) 19.(1) 20.(1) 21.(3) 22.(3) 23.(2) 24.(1) 25.(1) The sentences (four/five/four between 1 and 6) given in each question, when properly sequenced form a

coherent paragraph. Each sentence in labelled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences from among the four given choices to construct a coherent paragraph. 1. (A) Of course, they weren’t known then IPOs (initial public offerings). (B) Back then, seasoned investors will recall, it wasn’t uncommon to have public issues from 30-40 companies hitting the market every month–true many of those companies were of dubious antecedents, several have since disappeared without a trace. (C) It was 1990, and IPOs were hitting the market like a hailstorm that refused to stop. (D) That happened a bit later, thanks to the entry of foreign institutional investors (FIIs), who brought jargon with their money to the Indian market. (1) CDBA (2) DCBA (3) CABD (4) CBDA 2. (A) The cold calculus of business doesn’t recognize sentiment : to expect NRI’s to invest in India simply because it is their country of origin is downright stupid; the community will invest in the country if the risk-reward equation is favourable–if it isn’t they’ll seek better avenues. (B) ‘Pravasi’ ..... will likely not fetch the returns expected of it, or anywhere close to it. (C) “India will have to undertake major political, administrative, and judicial reforms,” explains Sam Pitroda, Chairman, World Tel, “if it wants to tap its NRI network like China did.” (D) China succeeded in attracting investments from overseas Chinese on the basis of policies that made it attractive for foreign companies to invest in the country. (1) DCBA (2) BCDA (3) BDCA (4) CDBA 3. (A) A partial list of such ‘wards’ would include : R. Gopalakrishnan, Vice Chairman, Indian Hotels and Tata Tea, Prakash Nedungadi, President, Madura Garments, Sanjiv Gupta, Deputy President, Coca-Cola India, Muktesh ‘Micky’ Pant, Chief marketing Officer, Reebok, Utpal Sengupta, CEO, Agro Tech Foods, Motorola’s Amit Sharma, General Mills’ Samir Behl and a clutch of senior managers at HLL, including incumbent chairman M.S. Benga and Director (personal Products) Arun Adhikari. (B) When you spend 35 years at a company that is preferred hunting ground for poachers on the look for CEOs and marketing heads, it is highly likely that your old boys network include some of India Inc’s best-known execs. (C) Between 1960 and 1995, Shunu Sen, HLL’s former marketing head who died on January 3, 2003 didn’t just work with such a sampling, he tutored it.

(D) “His ready smile, easy access, deep insights into marketing, and ability to protect his wards endeared him to us,” recollects Saurav Adhikari, President–BPO (North America), HCL Infosystems. (1) ABCD (2) DCBA (3) CDBA (4) BCDA 4. (A) “I definitely had the choice of joining Hero Honda,” he says, “but chose to follow the Honda philosophy which embodies the joy of creation,” and diversification. (B) Apollo’s investment was routed through Apollo International, a company run by Kanwar’s younger son Raja; elder son Neeraj is already COO of Apollo Tyres. (C) The companies themselves will likely attribute their recent unrelated diversifications to emerging opportunities but chances are, Apollo’s foray into insurance through a joint venture with Vijaya Bank, Punjab National bank, and Principal Group, and the Hero group’s entry into the business of bill collection through Easy Bill, are efforts to find space for a growing family. (D) Easy Bill is to be headed by Rahul Munjal, son of the late Raman Kant Munjal, the first Managing Director of Hero Honda. (1) CBDA (2) BDAC (3) BADC (4) CDBA 5. (A) While the actual deal-making and selling may be taken care of by others, and while his association, in them may merely be a CEO’s, there’s no taking away from the fact that Paul’s background–an MBA from the Univ of Massachussets, stints at Pepsi Co, Bain and Co, and notably, GE–and location make him the ideal brand ambassador for Wipro Technologies. (B) From his base in Santa Clara, California, Paul orchestrates Wipro’s strategy : he is widely perceived to be the man behind the Wipro-Ericsson deal. (C) Rainmaking is all about being able to front a deal, speak the same language, business and cultural, as the customer and Paul’s credential on both fronts are impeccable. (D) Wipro acquired Ericsson’s development centres in India–a logical acquisition for a company with significant expertise in telecom software–but not before Paul managed to wring out the commitment of some consulting assignments from the telecom major. (1) CDBA (2) DCBA (3) DCAB (4) BDAC Choose the word or set of words for each blank in the following questions that best fits the meaning of the sentence. 6. The ..... of the early morning light ..... the room, making it larger and cozier at once.

(1) brilliance, shattered (2) softness, transformed (3) harshness, transfigured (4) warmth, disfigured (5) glare, annihilated 7. As ..... of the original team, Mickey had free ..... for all their games. (1) a survivor, advice (2) a scholar, passage (3) an institution, admission (4) an organizer, submission (5) a member, entrance 8. From his ..... manner, we could all tell that he was of ..... birth. (1) boorish, noble (2) aristocratic, humble (3) regal, royal (4) refined, common (5) courteous, illegitimate 9. The ..... of the ‘Titanic’ could have been avoided if more safety ..... had been taken. (1) tragedy, precautions (2) embargo, preservers (3) disaster, reservations (4) crew, measures (5) fiasco, inspectors 10. We are ..... going to have to face the reality that the resources of Earth are ..... (1) finally, worthless (2) gradually, limitless (3) eventually, finite (4) quickly, unavailable (5) seldom, vanished Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly similar in meaning to the word in capital letters. 11. INTERDICT (1) acclaim (2) dispute (3) prohibit (4) decide (5) fret 12. REMONSTRATE (1) display (2) reinstate (3) protest (4) resign (5) reiterate 13. WAYLAY (1) ambush (2) journey (3) rest (4) road map (5) song 14. TENTATIVE (1) prevalent (2) portable (3) mocking (4) wry (5) experimental 15. ZEALOT (1) beginner (2) patron (3) fanatic (4) murderer (5) leper Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. 16. VALEDICTORY (1) sad (2) collegiate (3) derivative (4) salutory (5) promising 17. RETENTIVE (1) forgetful (2) accepting (3) receptive (4) avoiding (5) fascinating

18. OVERWEENING (1) humble (2) impotent (3) avid (4) acrimonious (5) exaggerated 19. NEBULOUS (1) starry (2) clear (3) cold (4) fundamental (5) porous 20. JEOPARDY (1) patience (2) courage (3) safety (4) willingness (5) liberty Select the lettered pair in the following analogy questions that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original capitalised pair. 21. MASON : WAL (1) artist : easel (2) fisherman : trout (3) author : book (4) congressman : senator (5) sculptor : mallet 22. METAPHOR : FIGURATIVE (1) fable : contemporary (2) adage : paradoxical (3) precept : instructive (4) irony : dramatic (5) satire : lamentations 23. PLEAD : SUPPLIANT (1) disperse : rioter (2) slum : outcast (3) revere : elder (4) beg : philanthropist (5) translate : interpreter 24. MASTHEAD : NEWSPAPER (1) footnote : essay (2) credits : film (3) spine : book (4) ream : paper (5) advertisement : magazine 25. DRUDGERY : IRKSOME (1) encumbrance : burdensome (2) journey : wearisome (3) ambivalence : suspicious (4) compliance : forced (5) dissonance : harmonious

Objective Key 1.(1) 2.(3) 3.(4) 4.(1) 5.(4) 6.(2) 7.(5) 8.(3) 9.(1) 10.(3) 11.(3) 12.(3) 13.(1) 14.(5) 15.(3) 16.(4) 17.(1) 18.(1) 19.(2) 20.(3) 21.(3) 22.(3) 23.(5) 24.(2) 25.(1) The sentences (four/five/four between 1 and 6) given in each question, when properly sequenced form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence in labelled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences

from among the four given choices to construct a coherent paragraph. 1. (A) There are hundreds of such turnaround stories which the NA can boast of. (B) At the end of the meeting which are regularly conducted in key cities like Darjeeling, Imphal, Kolkata, Mumbai, Bhubaneswar, Pune, Bangalore, Chandigarh, Delhi and Chennai, members pass a hat around to collect whatever funds it takes to rent halls, pay for snacks, electricity and publishing literature. (C) A self-supporting group, its finances are equally modest. (D) But there is no hype. (1) ABCD (2) ADCB (3) ACDB (4) ABDC 2. (A) Thousands of government officers, PSU employees and defence personnel have registered themselves as “frequent flyers” at government expense to avail of special deals offered by domestic airlines like free tickets for couples to various international destinations. (B) Trust India’s highflying bureaucrats to maximise their returns, make those return flights. (C) An LIC official won a Mercedes Benz in the frequent flyer raffle but the LIC union insisted that since he had not paid for his tickets, the car belongs to the office. (D) Officials of the three airline majors reveal that half of the 25,000 registered frequent flyers are government servants. (1) BDCA (2) CDBA (3) ABDC (4) BADC 3. (A) But officials say the medicos don’t understand either. (B) “People don’t understand how badly we need doctors who can not only treat sportsmen, but also understand their psyche,” he says. (C) Though the course was introduced in 2000-01 academic session, there was “total lack of interest among the medical community,” says a senior university official. (D) In sports-crazy Kolkata, it took six years to persuade the Culcutta University to include a certificate course on sports medicine in its curriculum. (E) All thanks to Sunil Thakur, an orthopaedic who specialises in treating Kolkata’a football brigade. (1) EDBAC (2) DEBAC (3) EDABC (4) DEBCA 4. (A) The revolution has just begun. (B) But faced with severe budget cuts for its ambitious space exploration programmes, NASA junked the technology. (C) Yet though it is just out, Trehan feels the machine is only like the “Model Tof robots.”

(D) The robosurgeon was actually developed way back in the 1980s by NASA, the premier US space organisation, to operate on astronauts in case there was an emergency when travelling in space. (E) A decade and a half later, Intuitive bought the rights and honed it to perfection. (1) DBECA (2) DCBAE (3) ADBEC (4) AEDBC 5. (A) “Orissa would do well to have a turtle policy at the earliest,” says Dattatri. (B) But then, idiosyncracies have been the hallmark of turtle conservation–rather the absence of it. (C) What is required is administrative will to help turtles and the fisherfolk, who surprisingly are at the receiving end of irrational rules. (D) The illogical ban from January to March on traveling for “turtle safety” within 20 km of the Devi and Rushikulya nesting sites is unnecessary. (E) A 5 km ban should be enough since the Ridleys mate close to the shore and not in the deep sea. (1) ABCDE (2) BEDCA (3) EDBCA (4) ACDEB Choose the word or set of words for each blank in the following questions that best fits the meaning of the sentence. 6. Although he did not consider himself ....., he felt that the inconsistencies in her story ..... a certain degree of incredulity on his part. (1) an apostate, justified (2) an optimist, intimated (3) a hypocrite, demonstrated (4) a charlatan, dignified (5) a skeptic, warranted 7. Critics were misled by Williams’ obvious ..... exaggerated theatrical gestures into ..... his plays as mere melodramas, “full of sound and furry, signifying nothing.” (1) disinclination for, disparaging (2) repudiation of, misrepresenting (3) indulgence in, acclaiming (4) penchant for, denigrating (5) indifference to, lauding 8. While some of the drawings are well rendered, others are mere .....; nonetheless, nearly all possess a sort of rude ..... that catches the yes. (1) portraits, grandeur (2) illustrations, finesse (3) daubs, vigour (4) caricatures, polish (5) mementoes, familiarity 9. With their pea–sized brains and giant bodies, dinosaurs became a symbol of lumbering stupidity; their extinction seemed only to ..... their ..... design

(1) betray, fundamental (2) hypothesize, incongruous (3) invalidate, conscious (4) embody, ultimate (5) confirm, flawed 10. The shortcomings of Mr.Brooks’s analysis are ..... his ..... in explaining financial complexity and the sheer importance of this text. (1) alleviated by, ineptitude (2) offset by, clarity (3) magnified by, precision (4) demonstrated by, adroitness (5) migrated by, incompetence Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly similar in meaning to the word in capital letters. 11. INSINUATE (1) resist (2) suggest (3) report (4) rectify (5) lecture 12. REFRACTORY (1) articulate (2) sinkable (3) vaunted (4) useless (5) unmanageable 13. MEDIOCRE (1) average (2) bitter (3) medieval (4) industrial (5) agricultural 14. TARRY (1) polish (2) restrain (3) surpass (4) linger (5) disturb 15. WAIF (1) soldier (2) urchin (3) surrender (4) breeze (5) spouse Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. 16. RESILIENT (1) pungent (2) foolish (3) worthy (4) insolent (5) unyielding 1.(2) 2.(4) 3.(2) 4.(1) 5.(4) 6.(5) 7.(4) 8.(3) 9.(5) 10.(2) 11.(2) 12.(5) 13.(1) 14.(4) 15.(2) 16.(5) 17.(1) 18.(3) 19.(4) 20.(5) 21.(4) 22.(2) 23.(3) 24.(5) 25.(1) Objective Key 17. UNSULLIED (1) tarnished (2) countless (3) soggy (4) papered (5) homicidal 18. PUNITIVE (1) lacking piety (2) fragile (3) congruent (4) pertinent (5) varied 19. IRRELEVANT (1) lacking piety (2) fragile (3) congruent (4) pertinent (5) varied 20. OPULENCE (1) pessimism (2) patriotism (3) potency (4) passion

(5) poverty Select the lettered pair in the following analogy questions that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original capitalised pair. 21. INDIGENT : WEALTH (1) contented : happiness (2) aristocratic : stature (3) smug : complacency (4) emaciated : nourishment (5) variegated : varied. 22. AUGER : CARPENTER (1) studio : sculptor (2) awl : cobbler (3) seam : seamstress (4) cement : mason (5) apron : chef 23. MARATHON : STAMINA (1) relay : independence (2) hurdle : perseverance (3) sprint : celerity (4) jog : weariness (5) ramble : directness 24. RETOUCH : PHOTOGRAPH (1) hang : painting (2) finger : fabric (3) retract : statement (4) compose : melody (5) refine : style 25. PIGHEADED : YIELD (1) lionhearted : retreat (2) lily-levered : flee (3) dogged : pursue (4) featherbrained : giggle (5) eagle-eyed : discern Objective Key 1.(2) 2.(4) 3.(2) 4.(1) 5.(4) 6.(5) 7.(4) 8.(3) 9.(5) 10.(2) 11.(2) 12.(5) 13.(1) 14.(4) 15.(2) 16.(5) 17.(1) 18.(3) 19.(4) 20.(5) 21.(4) 22.(2) 23.(3) 24.(5) 25.(1)

Choose the word or set of words for each blank in the following questions that best fits the meaning of the sentence. 1. Since we ..... read every book, we ..... only the famous ones. (1) have, sold (2) should, buy (3) must, ignore (4) can, purchase (5) cannot, select 2. Suddenly out of the ..... of weariness an old lady ..... unexpectedly. (1) mosaic, raised (2) context, appeared (3) texture, rose (4) fabric, awakened (5) design, came 3. We have to ..... in our young men and women sense of discipline, which is a ..... for progress and happiness.

(1) generate, concomitant (2) instil, need (3) produce, necessity (4) inculcate, pre-requisite (5) induce, requirement 4. ..... of crops was due to continuous ..... . (1) Destruction, draught (2) Ruin, draft (3) Failure, drought (4) Depreciation, drift (5) Scarcity, famine 5. Disarmament and development in our time are ..... interrelated but ..... development will depend on a change in the world’s political thinking. (1) inevitable, substantial (2) closely, real (3) essentially, true (4) universally, ultimate (5) naturally, final Select the lettered answer that contains the best version of the underlined section. 6. The “Thumri” album by Shobha Gurtu, which is my favourity, is the one that I loaned to Aditi. (1) Shobha Gurtu, which is my favourite, is the one that I loaned to Aditi. (2) Shobha Gurtu, that is my favourite, is the one I loaned to Aditi. (3) Shobha Gurtu, which is my favourite, is the one I loaned to Aditi. (4) Shobha Gurtu which is my favourite is the one which I loaned to Aditi. (5) Shobha Gurtu, which is my favourite, is one that I loaned to Aditi. 7. The reading specialist spent two weeks with each one of us, and she determined that Shubha reads slow. (1) she determined that Shubha reads slower. (2) she determined that Shubha reads slower. (3) she determined that Shubha reads slowly. (4) she determined that Shubha reads more slowly. (5) she determined that Shubha reads more slow. 8. The professor told the students that, given their hard work, their dedication to the material, and their diligence in the class, it was more likelier than not that they would get a good grade. (1) it was more likelier than not that they would get a good grade. (2) it was more than not likelier that they would get a good grade. (3) it was more likely than not that they would get a good grade. (4) it was more than likely than not that they would get a good grade. (5) it was likelier than not that they would get a good grade. 9. The king stood, pulled on his cape, and announced, “I loathe arrogance more than any other thing.” (1) “I loathe arrogance more than any other thing.” (2) “I loathe arrogance most than any other thing.” (3) “I loathe arrogance the most of any other thing.” (4) “I loathe arrogance more of any other thing.” (5) “I loathe arrogance better than any other thing.”

The son who would get the inheritance in the end appeared more quick, because he came by boat. The others waited for the train. (1) in the end appeared more quick, because he came by boat. (2) in the end appeared more quicker, because he came by boat. (3) in the end appeared more quickly, because he came by boat. (4) in the end appeared fast, because he came by boat. (5) in the end appeared quick, because he came by boat. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly similar in meaning to the word in capital letters. 11. EFFACE (1) countenance (2) encourage (3) recognize (4) blackball (5) rub out 12. CILIATED (1) foolish (2) swift (3) early (4) constructed (5) hairy 13. PIOUS (1) historic (2) devout (3) multiple (4) fortunate (5) authoritative 14. DWINDLE (1) blow (2) inhabit (3) spin (4) lessen (5) combine 15. BALMY (1) venturesome (2) dedicated (3) mild (4) fanatic (5) memorable Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. 16. BLAND (1) caustic (2) meagre (3) soft (4) uncooked (5) helpless 17. HUBBUB (1) calm (2) fury (3) capital (4) axle (5) wax 18. LIVID (1) alive (2) mundane (3) positive (4) undiscoloured (5) vast 19. SCANTY (1) collected (2) remote (3) invisible (4) plentiful (5) straight 20. TRITE (1) correct (2) original (3) distinguished (4) premature (5) certain

Select the lettered pair in the following analogy questions that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original capitalised pair. 21. HAIR : BALD (1) wig : curly (2) egg : cooked (3) rain : arid (4) skin : scarred (5) medicine : healthy 22. DINGHY : BOAT (1) novel : book (2) canoe : paddle (3) oar : water (4) deck : stern (5) land sea 23. APPLE : TREE (1) silver : book (2) bronze : copper (3) plank : wood (4) glass : sand (5) pearl : oyster 24. CARNIVORE : MEAT (1) carnivore : vegetable (2) herbivore : plants (3) vegetarian : vitamins (4) botanist : herbs (5) pollinator : plants 25. DEARTH : PAUCITY (1) individual : person (2) scarcity : shortage (3) shortage : plethora (4) prairie : forest (5) commodity : expectation

Objective Key 1.(5) 2.(3) 3.(4) 4.(3) 5.(2) 6.(1) 7.(3) 8.(3) 9.(1) 10.(3) 11.(5) 12.(5) 13.(2) 14.(4) 15.(3) 16.(3) 17.(4) 18.(4) 19.(4) 20.(2) 21.(3) 22.(1) 23.(5) 24.(2) 25.(2)