Gist Weekly Issue 4 - Hanukkah

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Trivia, Humor, Puzzles, and More

December 17, 2008

Hanukkah

INSIDE What is one of the most geographically diverse but economically poor countries in the world?

Hanukkah begins at sunset on December 21this year. Below is some information you might not know • about the Jewish Festival of Lights.

International Info. . . . . . P AGE 4

How did the ancient Greeks explain winter?

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Monthl y Mythol ogy. . P AG E 5

How did Tetris get its name? By the Numbers . . . . . . . PAGE 6

Which aviation milestone happened 105 years ago this Wednesday? Samuel L. Jackson’s birthday is Sunday. How old is he? B i r t h da ys . . . . . . P A G E 7 Plus games including: Crossword— PAGE 2 Scavenger Hunt— PAGE 2 Trivia Quiz— PAGE 3 Sudoku— PAGE 6 ...And More!

Menorah based on image by MS

This Week in History . . . PAGE 7

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Congratulations to B. Gruenwald! He won an EcoBag by playing the Gist Weekly Scavenger Hunt.

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Hanukkah—also spelled Chanukah, among other spellings— celebrates events surrounding the victory of a small Jewish Maccabee army over a larger army of Greek Syrians nearly 2,200 years ago. The Syrians had banned Judaism and desecrated the Temple in Jerusalem. The Maccabees recaptured the temple and rededicated it using a small amount of consecrated oil. Although it appeared that they only had enough oil to last for one night, it lasted for eight, long enough to prepare new oil. The rededication of the Temple gives the holiday its name; Hanukkah comes from the Hebrew word for “consecration” or • “dedication.” To commemorate the origins of the holiday, it is tradition to light candles on a menorah for the eight nights of Hanukkah, adding one candle per night. The light of the candles is symbolic of the light of the oil lamp that lasted for eight days and nights. Because of the holiday’s association with oil, it is also customary to eat foods baked or fried in oil during Hanukkah. These foods

may include latkes (potato pancakes) or fruit-filled doughnuts. Another popular Hanukkah activity is playing the dreidel game. A dreidel is a four-sided top. Each side of the dreidel is labeled with a Hebrew letter: ‫( נ‬Nun), ‫ג‬ (Gimel), ‫( ה‬Hei), and ‫( ש‬Shin). The letters are an acronym for the Hebrew phrase “Nes gadol haya sham,” meaning “a great miracle happened there.” In the game, the dreidel is used like a die. Whichever side lands face up after a player spins the dreidel determines what the player gets from or gives to the pot on that turn: nun—do nothing, hei—take half the pot, gimel— take the whole pot, shin—add one to the pot. The pot may consist of coins, poker chips or candy, especially chocolate coins called “gelt.” Hanukkah, like other Jewish holidays, does not occur on a set date each year by the Gregorian calendar (the calendar most people use in their day-to-day lives). That is because the dates are based on the Jewish calendar, which has between 353 and 385 days, depending on the year. Hanukkah always begins on the 25th of Kislev according to the Jewish calendar, but that can be from late November to late December by the Gregorian calendar.

ISSUE #4

The Dreidel Song “I Have a Little Dreidel,” also called “The Dreidel Song,” or “Dreidel, Dreidel, Dreidel” is a traditional part of Hanukkah celebrations. The standard lyrics are well-know, even among nonJews. Some people have also come up with alternative lyrics to the song for some Hanukkah humor (Chanukah chumor?).

Standard Lyrics: I have a little dreidel I made it out of clay And when it’s dry and ready Then dreidel I shall play! Chorus: Oh dreidel, dreidel, dreidel I made it out of clay And when it’s dry and ready Then dreidel I shall play! It has a lovely body With legs so short and thin And when my dreidel’s tired It drops and then I win! (Chorus) My dreidel’s always playful It loves to dance and spin A happy game of dreidel Come play now, let’s begin! (Chorus)

Humorous lyrics: I had a little dreidel I made it out of snow But when I looked last summer Where did my dreidel go? I had a little dreidel I made it out of bread It looked so very yummy I ate it up instead

You could be a winner, too! Play this week’s scavenger hunt—instructions are on page two.

I had a little dreidel I made it out of gin That dreidel wouldn’t turn, But the room began to spin!

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I had a little dreidel, I made it out of clay, My brother tried to eat it, And his tummy said, “oy vey!”

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Word Search

Hanukkah

December 17, 2008

Joke of the Week

FUN AND GAMES

Tired of the standard blonde jokes? Here’s one with a twist.

Scavenger Hunt

Find the following words and phrases in the diagram above. They may be forward, backward, up, down, or diagonal. Candles Dreidel Eight Nights Gelt Hanukkah Holiday

Search this issue of Gist Weekly to find the pictures, words, phrases, and names listed below. They may be in articles, games, or ads. (Sorry, but finding them in this box doesn’t count.) When you’ve found them all, visit www.gistweekly.com/contest to send in an entry with the page number where you found each Image: MS one. One winner will be randomly chosen from all entries in the contests for issues 3-6. You may enter once per issue. The winner of the contest will receive an Eco-Bag, an environmentally–friendly alternative to paper or plastic bags. More details on the prize can be found in the ad on page four. The drawing will be held January 7, 2009. Limit one entry per person per issue. Winners are limited to one prize per household every four weeks.

Jewish Latkes Lights Maccabees Menorah Oil

A. B. C. D. E.

Batman* Benjamin Disraeli Coelacanth Diamonds Elephant*

F. G. H. I. J.

Gimel Jazz Piggy Bank* Santa Claus* Toothpaste

*Picture

MAZE

While information in Gist Weekly is collected from sources judged to be reliable, the accuracy of all information cannot be guaranteed. Gist Media is not responsible for the content or accuracy of advertisements. Advertisements are the property of their respective companies and/or creators. The Gist Weekly name and logo are property of Gist Media. Any other trademarks used are the property of their respective owners. All images not otherwise indicated are in the public domain. For image credits, WC: Wikimedia Commons; MS: Microsoft Corp., used under license; PD: public domain; CC BY #: Creative Commons Attribution License (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/#, where # is the number next to “CC BY”).

Find your way from the upper-left corner to the lower-right

Any text and puzzles created by Gist Media and not otherwise indicated as being in the public domain or created/copyrighted by a third party were created by Kane Casolari and are released under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. For more information, visit g i st w ee k ly . co m / li c en s e o r creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0.

CROSSWORD

ACROSS 1. Eight bits or two nibbles* 5. DC Comics’ first Silver Age superhero* 10. Moscow’s land: abbr. 14. Escaping fluid 15. Aegean region 16. Inner: Prefix 17. A single time 18. Ran swiftly 19. June 6, 1944

20. Idle 22. Ruler’s length 24. Single piece of information 25. Pertaining to the nose 26. Warty hopper 29. Discontinue 33. Narc’s find 36. Huge 39. Make into an act 40. Grad 42. Calf catcher

44. Fund-raising suffix 45. Shrub of the cashew family 47. Shallow water 49. Amtrak stop: abbr. 50. Show 51. Discharged a debt 53. Mooch 57. The Battle of the ___* 61. Dancer Duncan 63. Republic in SW Asia 64. Strike breaker 65. A medieval element* 67. Diminutive suffix 68. Gap 69. Grave marker 70. Glide on surface 71. Poker stake 72. Noblemen 73. Project to detect radio signals from space DOWN 1. One of the four ancient humors* 2. Gossip 3. Understood 4. Barely make 5. A classical element* 6. Hawaii’s Mauna ___ 7. The elbow 8. City near Florence 9. Greek god of the underworld* 10. Fragrant 11. Word processing command 12. “Now!” 13. Asian condiment

A blonde and a lawyer are sitting next to each other on an airplane. The lawyer, hoping to have some fun and make a little money, says to the blonde, “Let’s play a game. We’ll take turns asking each other questions. Each time one of us is stumped, we owe the other person five dollars.” The blonde refuses. Thinking that he’ll win each round anyway, the lawyer says, “Okay, I’ll give you tento-one odds; each time you can’t answer a question, you owe me five dollars. Every time you stump me, I owe you $50.” The blonde agrees to the terms. “I’ll ask first.,” says the lawyer. “What is the closest star to Earth?” The blonde thinks for a while. “I don’t know,” she responds, and handed the lawyer a five-dollar bill. “It’s the Sun,” says the lawyer. “Now you ask me.” The blonde asks the lawyer, “What goes up a hill with three legs and comes back down with four?” The lawyer is shocked that the blonde has stumped him. After thinking for a bit, he gives up. Frustrated, he hands the blonde $50. “What’s the answer?” he asks. Without a word, the blonde hands him five dollars. 21. Urban haze 23. Visage 27.One of the four classical elements* 28. Raised platform 30. Exclamations of surprise 31. Native of Scotland 32. Sicilian volcano 33. Gone by 34. Hint 35. Cougar 37. Bad idea 38. ‘Vette option 41.One of the soldi ers who recaptured the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem* 43. Battery size 46.Country bordering the Central African Republic* 48. Ad ___ 52. Coercion 54. Search for water 55. Persona non ___ 56. Fast finisher? 58. Potato pancake* 59. Dig? 60. Fragrant resin 61. Image 62. NaCl 63. 401(k) cousins 64. Doo-wop syllable 66. Former measure of length *Starred clues have answers that can be found elsewhere in this issue Solutions to all puzzles are on page 8

ISSUE #4

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adapted FROM WC Map (PD)

Page 4

International Info: Central African Republic

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The Central African Republic (CAR) is, as its name suggests, located in central Africa. It is completely landl ocked, sur- • rounded by six countries: Cameroon, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), the Republic of the Congo, and Sudan. Although it may look small on the map above, the CAR has a total area of 622,984 sq km (about 24,0540 sq mi)—only • slightly smaller than Texas.

The United Nations ranked the Central African Republic 171st out of 177 countries in its 2007/2008 Human Development Index rankings, due to its poverty, low life expectancy (43.7 years), low literacy (48.6%), and low rate of education: Only about • 30% of children attend school. Most of the country lives off subsistence agriculture. The Central African Republic does have some exports—mainly diamonds, timber, cotton, and coffee—but trade is hindered by its lack of seaports, railroads, and paved roads. Besides shipping goods out

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on its mostly unpaved roads, the only way out of the country is its one international airport. The CAR is home to a variety of animal life. Nearly every variety of African tropical animal lives in the Central African Republic, including antelopes, buffalo, leopards, lions, crocodiles, hippopotamuses, and a variety of primates such as gorillas, chimpanzees, and baboons. Part of the reason for the Central African Republic’s diversity of wildlife is that the country contains rainforests in the south and savannas—grasslands and woodl a n d s — throu ghout much of the rest of the country.

Even though its unemployment rate is only about 8%, the CAR is one of the poorest and least devel oped c o un t ri e s in the world, with a per capita gross domestic product of Flag of the Central African Republic just $700.

December 17, 2008

The CAR protects some of its wildlife— including multiple endangered and threatened species—with its national parks and wildlife preserves. One of these, Manovo-Gounda-St. Floris National Park, was designated a World Heritage site by the UN in 1988. •

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The government of the Central African Republic was a constitutional democracy from 1994 until 2003, when it was overthrown in a military coup. A civilian government was soon reinstated with a new constitution ratified in 2004. The leader of the coup, François Bozizé, was elected president the following year.

MATCH UP Manovo-Gounda-St. Floris National Park in the Central African Republic is a UN World Heritage Site. Match these other World Heritage Sites (L) to their countries (R). (Answers on page 8.) Alhambra

Zambia and Zimbabwe

Kathmandu Valley

Spain

Machu Picchu

Australia

The Tasmanian Wilderness

Nepal

Victoria Falls

Peru

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TRIVIA QUIZ

2. The Central African Republic (Page 4): The Central African Republic is landlocked. Which of the countries bordering the CAR is also landlocked? 3. Mythology (Page 5): In Greek mythology, Persephone was the daughter of Zeus. Who was the Roman equivalent of Zeus? 4. By the Numbers: Four (Page 6): Which rock band was nicknamed “The Fab Four”? 5. This Week in History (Page 7): This Wednesday marks the 105th anniversary of the Wright Brothers’ first successful flight in the Wright Flyer I. What was the Wright Brothers’ day job while working on the Flyer? 6. This Week’s Birthdays (Page 7): Harry Shearer turns 65 this Tuesday. Shearer is the voice of which of the following Simpsons characters: Mr. Burns, Ned Flanders, Dr. Hibbert, Principal Skinner, Mr. Smithers?

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Monthly Mythology:

Persephone Image from WC (PD)

Each question below relates to the topic of a feature in this issue of Gist Weekly, but is not answered in it. Answers are on page 8. 1. Hanukkah (Page 1): Adam Sandler’s “The Chanukah Song, Part I” mentions two Star Trek characters played by Jewish actors. Who are they?

Clip Art: MS

ISSUE #4

In Greek myth, Persephone was the daughter of Zeus, the king of the gods, and Demeter, the goddess of agriculture. Hades, god of the underworld, was in love with Persephone but she did not return his feelings and refused to marry him.

Since she had only eaten a little bit— or possibly because of a compromise between Hades and Zeus— Persephone was not confined to the underworld forever, but for part of each year (the exact length depends on the version of the myth).

One day, while Persephone was picking flowers, Hades kidnapped her, taking her back to his home in the land of the dead. Demeter searched for her daughter everywhere in the land of the living, but couldn’t find her. Eventually, Demeter asked Helios, the sun god who sees everything, what had happened to her daughter. He told her, but Demeter could not compel Hades to give back Persephone without Zeus’ help. Zeus initially refused, but as Demeter grew more heartbroken, the earth became more and more desolate— trees grew bare and crops died in the fields.

This myth is how the ancient Greeks explained the seasons; when Persephone is in the underworld serving as Hades’ queen, Demeter again becomes depressed, withdrawing from her duties as goddess of agriculture and making the land barren (autumn and winter). When they are reunited, Demeter is happy again and vegetation flourishes (spring and summer).

Persephone in an 1874 painting by Dante Gabriel Rossetti

Zeus, seeing the threat to the world, sent the messenger god Hermes to the underworld to bring back Persephone. While Persephone was with Hades, however, she had eaten a few pomegranate seeds. Eating while in the underworld bound her there.

In some versions of the myth, Demeter intentionally makes the Earth unfruitful, to punish either the land itself or its inhabitants for letting Hades abduct Persephone. In other versions, her grief prevents her from being able to due her duties of keeping vegetation alive and growing.

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December 17, 2008

By the Numbers: 4 The word “four” has four letters. It is the only number in the English language for which the number of letters in the word equals the value of the number that it represents. •

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On most digital clock, watch, and calculator displays, a four is made • of four segments, as seen in the image above. Four is the smallest composite number, or number that can be divided by at least one number • other than itself and one. The number four is used in many • of our ways of looking at the world: there are four seasons, four cardinal directions on a compass, and four commonly-used • dimensions (length, width, height, and time). Centuries ago, it was also the number of elements (air, earth, fire, and water) and humors • (blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm) believed to exist in many European cultures.

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Four is considered an unlucky number by the Chinese and Japanese because it is pronounced like their words for “death.”

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Four was an important number in the beginning of the Silver Age of American superhero comics. The Silver Age is generally considered to have started in 1956 with DC

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Comics’ Showcase #4, which introduced a new version of the Flash. For Marvel Comics, the Silver Age—the era when Spider-Man, the X-Men, Iron Man, the Hulk, and many of the company’s other most popular characters debuted—took off with the debut of the Fantastic Four in 1961. DNA has four nucleotide bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, commonly represented by the letters A, C, G, and T, respectively. Four is the atomic number of beryllium, an alkaline earth metal. In physics, there are four fundamental forces: electromagnetism, gravity, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force. In computers, four is the number of bits in a “nibble,” which is half a byte. All seven shapes in the videogame Tetris are made up of four square blocks joined together. These shapes gave the game its name: “Tetra” is the Greek word for four. The shapes in Tetris are called “tetrominoes ,” “tetriminoes,” or “tetrads.” The area in the United States where the most states come together at a single point is Four Corners. Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah (clockwise from northeast) meet at that area.

Number Games SUDOKU

Visit gistweekly.com/currentissue for this week’s issue and a link to the archive of all past issues. You can get an email or RSS reminder when new issues are available online by going to gistweekly.com/subscribe. Place a number in each empty box so that every row, column, and 9box square contains each of the numbers from one to nine.

Difficulty:



NONOGRAM

Use logic to determine which boxes to fill in and which to leave white. The numbers below each column and next to each row indicate unbroken sets of filled-in boxes: i.e., “5 2” means that sets of 5 and 2 black boxes appear in it, in that order, with at least one white box in between. Fill in a box only when you are sure it must be black. You may want to mark known white boxes with Xs or dots.

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ISSUE #4

This Week in History

Page 7

Gist Weekly Featured Distributors You can find a new issue of Gist Weekly each week at these and other locations throughout the Illinois Valley area. Gist Weekly is also available online at gistweekly.com/currentissue.

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December 17, 1903: Orville Wright makes the first powered, piloted, heavier-than-air flight in • history. The first flight of the Wright Flyer I (pictured above) at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina lasts about 12 seconds and 120 feet. December 18, 1898: Gaston de Chassel oup- Laubat sets the world’s first recognized land speed record, going a blistering 39.2MPH in a Jeantaud electric car. (And no, that decimal point is not a typo.)

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December 19, 1776: Thomas • Paine publishes the first pamphlet of his series The American Crisis in the Pennsylvania Journal. The first pamphlet begins with the famous words “These are the times that try men’s souls.” December 20, 1968: The Zodiac Killer murders his first known victims, 17-year-old David Fara-

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day and 16-year old Betty Lou Jensen, near Benicia, California.

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December 21, 1913: The New York World publishes the first crossw or d puz zl e, A rthu r Wynne’s “word-cross.”

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December 22, 1944: During the Battle of the Bulge in Bastogne, Belgium, German troops demand the surrender of forces led by American Brigadier General Anthony McAuliffe. McAuliffe responds with a famous one-word reply: “Nuts!” December 23, 1938: A type of fish called a coelacanth is found off the coast of South Africa. The find is notable because, until then, the coelacanth was thought to have been extinct since the Cretaceous Period (roughly 75 million years ago) because no one had seen a living specimen or found more recent fossils of them.

This Week’s Celebrity Birthdays Musician Mike Mills (R.E.M.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 17, 1958 Guitarist Keith Richards (The Rolling Stones) . . . December 18, 1943 Actress Jennifer Beals (The L Word, Flashdance) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 19, 1963 Actor Jonah Hill (Forgetting Sarah Marshall, Superbad) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 20, 1983 Actor Samuel L. Jackson (The Spirit, Pulp Fiction) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 21, 1948 Actress Barbara Billingsley (Leave It to Beaver, Jim Henson’s Muppet Babies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 22, 1915 Actor Harry Shearer (The Simpsons, This Is Spinal Tap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 23, 1943 Clipart: MS

Historic Birthdays This Week Chemist and physicist Sir Humphrey Davy, discoverer and namer of multiple elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 17, 1778 Leader of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin . . . . . . . December 18, 1878 Astronomer, mathematician, and physicist John Winthrop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 19, 1714 Automobile pioneer Harvey Firestone . . . . . . . . . December 20, 1868 Benjamin Disraeli, the first (and so far, only) person of Jewish heritage to be Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . . . . . . December 21, 1804 Actress Lynne Thigpen (The District, Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 22, 1948 Russia’s Tsar Alexander I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 23, 1777

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Midas Auto Service Experts 4224 Mahoney Drive Peru Mr. Salsa’s 309 E Walnut St Oglesby Oglesby Public Library 111 S Woodland Ave Oglesby Oscar’s Automotive 176 E Walnut St Oglesby Papa John’s 930 Shooting Park Rd Peru Pennzoil 10 Minute Oil Change Center 4239 Venture Dr Peru Quad City Prosthetics 2200 Marquette Rd #112 Peru Salon Patrice 1525 Peoria St Peru Shear Wizards 2007 4th St Peru Smitty’s Service Station 756 Crosat St LaSalle Sparkle Cleaners 225 E Walnut St Oglesby Steak ‘n Shake 4240 Venture Dr Peru Tiki Motel 206 LaSalle Rd LaSalle Waldorf Hair Co. 2129 4th St Peru William White, DDS 225 Gooding St LaSalle To get Gist Weekly delivered to your business for free each week or to correct an address, send an email to [email protected] or go to gistweekly.com/ contact.

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December 17, 2008

Next Week in Gist Weekly: •

The holidays are here, so Gist Weekly’s front page feature reveals the origins of some Christmas traditions.

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In Birthdays, a television personality turns 55 and a president would be 200.

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By the Numbers looks at what it means to “plead the fifth” and other things related to the number five.

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This Week in History covers the 75th anniversary of an important moment in technology and entertainment as well as other historical events that took place between December 24 and December 30.

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Plus the usual assortment of puzzles and games, including a crossword, sudoku, scavenger hunt, and more.

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Look for Issue #5 on December 24! All planned upcoming features are tentative and subject to change.

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minutes, 43.13 seconds by Hicham El Guerrouj in 1999 2 No

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Game and Quiz Answers —WORD SEARCH— Solution

—MAZE— Solution

—CROSSWORD PUZZLE— Solution

—TRIVIA QUIZ— Answers

—MATCH UP— Answers Alhambra—Spain Kathmandu Valley—Nepal Machu Picchu—Peru The Tasmanian Wilderness—Australia Victoria Falls—Zambia and Zimbabwe

1. Captain Kirk and Mister Spock (played by William Shatner and Leonard Nimoy, respectively) 2. Chad 3. Jupiter or Jove 4. The Beatles 5. They manufactured, sold, and repaired bicycles. 6. All of them

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—SUDOKU— Solution

—NONOGRAM— Solution