Gist Weekly Issue 12 - Language Trivia

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A Free Paper of Trivia, Humor, Puzzles, and More

February 18, 2009

Language Trivia

INSIDE

By Kane Casolari

What is a gaucho? International Info. . . . . . PAGE 4

Who was the first president to have a beard? Presidential Trivia . . . . . . . .PAGE 5

What were the Twelve Labors of Hercules? By the Numbers . . . . . . . PAGE 6

Which unusual weather event happened 30 years ago this Wednesday?

The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization— better known as UNESCO—has proclaimed February 21 International Mother Language Day. In honor of this celebration, Gist Weekly has found some interesting information about languages. •

This Week in History . . . P AGE 7

Which Pulp Fiction star turns 55 this Wednesday? Bi rt h day s . . . . . . P A GE 7 NEW: Comic Strip—Back Page

Plus games including: Crossword— PAGE 2 Scavenger Hunt— PAGE 2 Trivia Quiz— PAGE 5 Sudoku— PAGE 6 ...And More! •

•

Your source for FREE books! “This site is amazing. I love the fact that I can exchange all of the books that I have read (and will probably never read again) for new books. I am an avid reader and have saved so much money with this site. You guys have done a fantastic job and I will recommend this site to everyone that I know.” Alexandra D.—Worcester, MA

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about the fourth century until the discovery of the Rosetta Stone by Napoleon’s troops in 1799. The stone contained translations of a text in Ancient Greek, hieroglyphics, and Demotic (another Egyptian language), helping translators understand hieroglyphics.

Many languages t hroughout t he • In North America, world are in danger many Native American of becoming exlanguages are dying tinct, with only a with their last elderly few living speakers. speakers. Siletz Dee-ni, Language experts for example, is only estimate that of the spoken by one person roughly 7,000 lanliving in the Siletz Resguages spoken in ervation in Oregon. The Rosetta Stone, the key that the world today, helped language experts decipher • Manx Gaelic, spoabout 2,000 of them Egyptian hieroglyphics ken on the Isle of Man will no longer have (located between Ireland and any speakers a century from now. Great Britain), lost its last native The Sami or Saami group of lanspeaker, Ned Maddrell in 1974. guages spoken in some of the Some language enthusiasts have northern portions of Scandinavia begun an effort to revive it, and are endangered—a few of the today, about 100 people speak languages in that group have alManx. ready gone extinct. Despite their • Some languages have been sucrarity and limited contact with cessfully revived after going exEnglish, the Sami language family tinct. One of the most notable has contributed at least one word examples of language revival is to the English language: “tundra.” Hebrew. After being a “dead lanAfter a language dies, it may be guage” for roughly two millennia, gone forever, especially if the lanit began to be used again in the guage does not have a written 19 th century, with some European form. Even written languages can newspapers printed in the lanbe extremely difficulty to deciguage. When Israel was created in pher once dead. Egyptian hiero1947, the country chose Hebrew glyphics were unreadable from as its official language.

ISSUE #12

Coming Soon: Gist Weekly’s editor answers readers’ questions—on any topic! Gist Weekly is planning a feature called Ask Kane. Submit questions with factual answers (for example, “What is the record for the fastest one-mile run?”1 or “Does chewing gum really take seven years to pass through a human digestive system?”2) and editor Kane Casolari will do his best to answer them in a future issue. Send questions to [email protected] or use the contact form on Gist Weekly’s website (www.gistweekly.com/contact). 1

3 minutes, 43.13 seconds by Hicham El Guerrouj in 1999 2 No

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Gist Weekly

Page 2

Word Search

February 18, 2009

FUN AND GAMES

Languages

Scavenger Hunt

Find the following languages (the top ten most spoken, listed in order) in the grid above. They may be forward, backward, up, down, or diagonal. Mandarin Portuguese Hindustani

Bengali

Spanish

Russian

English

Japanese

Arabic

German

Search this issue of Gist Weekly to find the pictures and words listed below. They may be anywhere in the issue, in articles, Image: MS games, or ads. (Sorry, but finding them in this box doesn’t count.) Answers are on page 8. Text

Images

The psychic placed candl es around the room, turned off the lights, and seemed to go into a trance. She moaned and her eyes rolled back in her head. Soon, a voice came from her lips, saying, “Granddaughter? Is that you?” The w oma n re spo nd s, “Grandma? Is it really you?” “Of course it is, dear.”

D. Eagle

“It’s really, truly you?”

B. Filter

E. Margarita

“Yes, granddaughter.”

C. Unbroken

F. Sun

The woman looks confused. “Are you completely sure you’re my grandmother?”

Find your way from the upper-left corner to the lower-right

“I told you, dear, I am.” The woman pauses, then says, “Grandma, I have just one question to ask you.” “Anything you want, child.”

Any text and puzzles created by Gist Media and not otherwise indicated as being in the public domain or created/copyrighted by a third party were created by Kane Casolari and are released under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. For more information, visit gistweekly.com/ license or creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0.

“When did you learn to speak English?”

CROSSWORD

ACROSS 1. Disease for which vaccinations began in the 1950s* 6. Suffix with Caesar 9. Tides that attain the least height 13. Exxon alternative 14. Word processing command 15. Public exhibition 16. Without the necessary tools 18. Electrical units 19. No ifs, ___ ...

A woman, hoping to contact her recently deceased grandmother, visited a local psychic.

A. Apartments

MAZE

While information in Gist Weekly is collected from sources judged to be reliable, the accuracy of all information cannot be guaranteed. Gist Media is not responsible for the content or accuracy of advertisements. Advertisements are the property of their respective companies and/or creators. The Gist Weekly name and logo are property of Gist Media. Any other trademarks used are the property of their respective owners. All images not otherwise indicated are in the public domain. For image credits, WC: Wikimedia Commons; MS: Microsoft Corp., used under license; PD: public domain; CC BY #: Creative Commons Attribution License (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/#, where # is the number next to “CC BY”).

Joke of the Week

20. Maneuvers 21. Dublin’s home 22. Overflow 24. Puts a stop to 25. Funds 28. Montana’s capital 31. Yankee manager Joe 32. Arrive at 33. ___ Tin Tin 36. A kind of mollusk 37. Lincoln was the first president to

have one* 38. Windmill blade 39. In what way 40. Varieties 41. Healthcare benefits giant 42. ___ Mary* 44. ___ Abe* 45. Eva or Juan* 47. Traded 48. Melody 49. Aggressive, personalitywise 52. Exile isle 56. Mrs. Lincoln’s maiden name 57. Entertainment 59. Verge 60. Un amigo 61. The Rosetta ___* 62. Requirement 63. Colo. clock setting 64. Clock pointers DOWN 1. Sunscreen ingredient 2. Arab League member 3. Nobleman 4. Storm of freezing rain 5. How exciting! 6. Finishes 7. Zip-___-Doo-Dah 8. Lets head fall wearily 9. With 53D, one of the creatures Hercules had to kill as one of his labors* 10. Stimulate 11. Toward the port side

12. Assumed attitudes 14. US coin word 17. One of the Twelve Olympians* 23. Female sheep 24. Laugh sound 25. Engrave with acid 26. Court plea, for short 27. Traffic stopper 28. Intoxicating 29. Hearing organs 30. Digital readout, for short 32. Tear apart 34. Taverns 35. Trim 37. High school class, for short 38. Private feud 40. ___-Tiki 41. “You’ve got mail” co. 43. Full 44. Hoodwink 45. Communion plate 46. Become eroded 47. Singer known for “Kiss from a Rose”* 49. Streetcar 50. Slangy assents 51. Plot of ground 53. See 9D* 54. That which binds 55. Hydrocarbon suffixes 58. Powdery residue *Starred clues have answers that can be found elsewhere in this issue Solutions to all puzzles are on page 8

ISSUE #12

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Argentina is known for its gau- • chos, nomadic horsemen who thrived from the mid 18 th century to the middle of the 19th century. Like American cowboys, gauchos have been celebrated in literature • and films for their honor, pride, and sometimes heroism.

One of Argentina’s biggest cultural cont ributi ons i s t ango, which includes both the style of music and the associated romantic dance. Argentina gets its name from the Latin word for silver, argentum.

• The stage When musical and m o s t film Evita tells A m er i the story of c a n s the life of one think of of Argentina’s South most famous A m e rcitizens, Eva The Flag of Argentina ica, they Perón. As the think of second wife of Argentine Presitropical and subtropical climates. dent Juan Domingo Perón, Eva Argentina is subtropical in the was Argentina’s First Lady from north, but the southern tip is not 1946 until her death in 1952. Her far from Antarctica and is covgovernment and charity work ered in tundra. made Evita an extremely popular Argentina’s Human Development figure public figure. When she Index—a United Nations measdied of cancer at the age of just ure of quality of life—is the high33, the whole country went into est in Latin America and 38 th out morning. of the 177 ranked countries in the • From 1976 to 1983, Argentina world. was under the rule of a right-wing Like most of South America junta, or military dictatorship. (except for Brazil), Argentina is During this time, thousands of predominantly a Spanish-speaking citizens whose views conflicted country. Due to a large proporwith those of the government tion of people of Italian descent, “disappeared” in the so-called Italian is the second most com“Dirty War.” During this time, monly spoken language in the some forei gn government s— country. Argentina is also home including the United States— to Lunfardo, a dialect that develaided the dictatorship because oped among prisoners and the they saw it as a necessary evil to poor and is often featured in stop the spread of Communism tango lyrics today. in Latin America.

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TRIVIA QUIZ Each question below relates to the topic of a feature in this issue of Gist Weekly, but is not answered in it. Answers are on page 8. 1. Languages (Page 1): What language did L. L. Zamenhof invent in the late 1800s in the hopes that it would serve as a universal second language? 2. International Info: Argentina (Page 4): Which islands were at the center of a conflict between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1982? 3. Presidential Trivia: Abraham Lincoln (Page 5): What Tom Taylor-penned comedic play was Lincoln watching when he was assassinated? 4. By the Numbers: 12 (Page 6): Is noon 12 AM or 12 PM?

Presidential Seal: WC (PD)

ISSUE #12

Presidential Trivia: Abraham Lincoln “Honest Abe” recently celebrated his 200 th birthday. You probably learned about most of the important facts of his life—the Civil War, Gettysburg Address, Emancipation Proclamation, and his assassination, for instance—in school, but you might not have learned these less-important but still interesting details about one of the most respected U.S. presidents ever. •

•

5. This Week in History (Page 7): Pittsburgh began vaccinating children against polio 55 years ago this Wednesday. Who invented the polio vaccine? 6. This Week’s Celebrity Birthdays (Page 7): Jennifer Love Hewitt turns 30 this Saturday. On which 1990s television drama did she play the si ster of characters played by Matthew Fox (Lost) and Neve Campbell (Scream)?

Page 5

Abraham Lincoln was the first U.S. president to be born outside of the original thirteen states. He was born in Kentucky. (Lincoln moved to Illinois in his twenties.) Quick: What was Lincoln’s middle name? Give up? It’s a trick • question: Lincoln, like most of the presidents before him, didn’t have a middle name.

•

Lincoln was the first president to have a beard.

•

Lincoln was not considered a handsome man, though he was a witty one. When a political opponent called him two-faced, he is • said to have responded, “If I were

Darwin, the scientist best known for describing the principles of evolution and natural selection. •

two-faced, would I be wearing this one?” Some stories about presidents— • such as the one about Washington and the cherry tree—are just myths told to illustrate character traits. Many of the stories about Lincoln are true, though; he really was born in a log cabin and did work as a rail splitter and country lawyer before entering politics. Lincoln’s shares his birthdate— February 12, 1809—with Charles

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The 1860 election had four major candidates—Republican Abraham Lincoln, Whig John Bell, Northern Democrat Stephen Douglas (to whom Lincoln had previously lost a Senate election), and Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge. While Lincoln won a large majority of the electoral college votes, he got just under 40 percent of the popular vote, the second-lowest percentage (after John Quincy Adams) of any winning presidential candidate in history. Lincoln was the first President of the United States to be assassinated and only the third to die while in office (after William Henry Harrison and Zachary Taylor’s deaths of natural causes). A previous assassination plot had been foiled by intelligence officer All an Pi nk erton, who l ater founded the famous Pinkerton National Detective Agency.

Page 6

Gist Weekly

By the Numbers: 12 Clock Image: MS

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February 18, 2009

Th e d uo de- • num—part of the small intestine—gets • its name from the Latin word for twelve (duodecim) because it is approxi- • mately twelve fingerwidths long.

Twelve is the highest number to have just one syllable in English.

•

Some people believe that an or- • ganization known as Majestic 12 (or MJ-12) was formed in 1947 by President Harry Truman to investigate and cover up the supposed UFO landing near Roswell, New Mexico.

•

The Christmas carol The Twelve Days of Christmas is still familiar today, even if the tradition isn’t. • Christmas was once celebrated for twelve days, from Christmas Day (December 25) to Twelfth Night (January 5), the eve of Epiphany.

Greek mythology had twelve principal gods, known as the Twelve Olympians. While the gods included among the twelve varied somewhat, they are general considered to be Aphrodite, Apollo, Ares, Artemis, Athena, Demeter, Hephaestus, Hera, Hermes, Hestia, Poseidon, and Zeus.

•

•

•

Only twelve people have walked on the Moon so far, all of them American men. In order, they were Nei l Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Pete Conrad, Alan Bean, Alan Shepard, Edgar Mitchell, David Scott, James Irwin, John W. Young, Charles Duke, Eugene Cerman, and Harrison Schmitt. The flag of Europe has twelve stars. Unlike the stars and stripes on the American flag, the stars do not represent individual members; the number twelve was chosen as a symbol of completeness and perfection.

Before the British currency system switched to decimal, there were twelve pence in a shilling. The twelfth President of the United States was Zachary Taylor.

Also in Greek mythology, Hercules (or Heracles) had twelve labors: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Kill the Nemean Lion Kill the Lernaean Hydra Capture the Ceryneian Hind Capture the Erymant hian Boar

Clean the Augean Stables Kill the Stymphalian Birds Capture the Cretan Bull Capture the Mares of Diomedes 9. Steal the Girdle of Hippolyta, queen of the Amazons. 5. 6. 7. 8.

10. Herd the Cattle of Geryon 11. Steal the Apples of Hesperides 12. Capture Cerberus, the threeheaded dog guarding the gates to Hades.

Number Games SUDOKU

Place a number in each empty box so that every row, column, and 9box square contains each of the numbers from one to nine.

Difficulty:


NONOGRAM

Use logic to determine which boxes to fill in and which to leave white. The numbers above each column and next to each row indicate unbroken sets of filled-in boxes: i.e., “5 2” means that sets of 5 and 2 black boxes appear in it, in that order, with at least one white box in between. Fill in a box only when you are sure it must be black. You may want to mark known white boxes with Xs or dots.

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ISSUE #12

Page 7

This Week in History

The Sahara Desert: Believe it or not, there was snow here (briefly) 30 years ago this Wednesday. •

•

•

•

February 18, 1979: Snow falls on the Sahara Desert for the first— and, to date, only—time in recorded history. The snowstorm, in southern Algeria, lasts only • about half an hour and all of the snow melts within hours. February 19, 1674: As part of a treaty ending the Third Anglo• Dutch War, the Dutch transfer the colony of New Amsterdam to the English, who rename it New York. February 20, 1909: Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti publishes the Futurist Manifesto in the French journal Le Figaro. The Manifesto launches the art move• ment known as Futurism. February 21, 1804: The first fullscale, working steam locomotive, a nameless vehicle built by Rich-

Ji-Elle/WC (PD)

ard Trevit hick and Andrew Viaian, makes its first trip on the Merthyr Tydfil tramroad in South Wales. February 22, 1924: Calvin Coolidge delivers a radio broadcast from the White House, becoming the first U.S. President to do so. February 23, 1954: The first mass vaccination of children against polio begins in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Within 25 years, polio is wiped out in the United States. By 2009, after 55 years of vaccinations, polio is endemic in just four countries: Afghanistan, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan. February 24, 1909: Eight Detroit businessmen found the Hudson Motor Car Company. It later becomes part of the American Motors Corporation (AMC).

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This Week’s Celebrity Birthdays Actor John Travolta (B olt, Pulp Fiction) . . . . . . . February 18, 1954 Singer Seal (“Fly Like an Eagle,” “Kiss from a Rose”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 19, 1963 Actor French Stewart (3rd Rock from the Sun, Hercules) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 20, 1964 Actress Jennifer Love Hewitt (Ghost Whisperer, I Know What You Did Last Summer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 21, 1979 Actor Kyle MacLachlan (Desperate Housewives, Twin Peaks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 22, 1959 Actress Da kota Fanning (Coraline, I Am Sam) . . . February 23, 1994 Comedian and actor Bill Bailey (Hot Fuzz, Black Books) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 24, 1964 Clipart: MS

Historic Birthdays This Week England’s Queen Mary I, aka “Bloody Mary” . . . . . February 18, 1516 Actor Lee Marvin (Gorky Park, Cat Ball ou) . . . . . February 19, 1924 Actress Amanda Blake, best known as Miss Kitty on Gunsmoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 20, 1929 Humorist Erma Bombeck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 21, 1927 President George Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 22, 1732 Naval administ rator and di ari st Samuel Pepys . . February 23, 1633 Shortstop Honus Wagner, one of the first five people inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 24, 1874

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February 18, 2009

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I Got disI qualified thought during you had jury selecjury tion. They duty didn’t think Today. I could Be impartial.

•

Everybody knows about St. Patrick’s day, but what about other, somewhat unusual March Holidays? Find out about them in Gist Weekly’s next issue.

•

This Week in History takes a look at the 80th anniversary of the establishment of a famous National Park and other events that took place between February 25 and March 3..

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In Birthdays, one of the Who turns 65 and a beloved children’s author would be 105.

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By the Numbers looks at a basketball legend, the origins of baker’s dozens, and other things related to the number 13.

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Which state is the only one without commercial airline service? Find out in Fifty State Fun Facts.

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Plus the usual assortment of puzzles and games, including a crossword, sudoku, scavenger hunt, and more.

“Alleg edly.”

Why Not?

Oh, Yeah. I

Look for Issue #13 on Wednesday, February 25!

Allegedly

I Know the Guy Who robbed the Bank.

Know the Guy Who Robbed the Bank.

All planned upcoming features are tentative and subject to change. Planned publication/delivery date may b e delayed due to weather or oth er circumstances.

Game and Quiz Answers —WORD SEARCH— Solution

—MAZE— Solution

—CROSSWORD PUZZLE— Solution

—SCAVENGER HUNT LOCATIONS— A. B. C. D. E. F.

Page Page Page Page Page Page

—MATCH UP— Answers Augusto Pinochet—Chile Francisco Franco—Spain Manuel Noriega—Panama Mobutu Sese Seko—Zaire

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7 (Classifieds) 1 (Nimee Auto Sales/Giovanni’s Auto Repair ad) 6 (Nonogram instructions) 5 (Presidential seal) 8 (Mi Margarita ad) 4 (On Argentina’s flag)

—TRIVIA QUIZ— Answers Esperanto The Falkland Islands Our American Cousin 12 PM Jonas Salk Party of Five

Please recycle this paper or pass it on to a friend when you are done with it.

—SUDOKU — Solution

—NONOGRAM— Solution