Gerunds And Infinitives

Emie: grammar

Gerunds and Infinitives CUANDO UN VERBO TIENE FUNCIÓN DE SUJETO > INFINITIVO CON “TO”O GERUNDIO Playing basketball takes up too much of her time. To play basketball for UConn is her favourite fantasy. CUANDO UN VERBO TIENE FUNCIÓN DE OBJETO> INFINITIVO CON “TO”O GERUNDIO

Her favorite fantasy is to play basketball for UConn. Her favorite fantasy is playing basketball for UConn.

DETRÁS DE UN SUSTANTIVO > INFINITIVO CON “TO

Her desire to play basketball for UConn became an obsession. I could never understand her desire to play basketball for UConn. Ejemplos de sustantivos advice appeal command decision desire fact instruction motivation

opportunity order permission plan possibility preparation proposal recommendation

refusal reminder request requirement suggestion tendency wish

Emie: grammar DETRÁS DE UN ADJETIVO > INFINITIVO CON “TO” She was hesitant to tell the coach of her plan. She was reluctant to tell her parents, also. But she would not have been content to play high school ball forever. Ejemplos de adjetivos ahead amazed anxious apt ashamed bound careful certain content delighted

determined disappointed eager eligible fortunate glad happy hesitant liable likely

lucky pleased proud ready reluctant sad shocked sorry surprised upset

DETRÁS DE UNA PREPOSICIÓN > + GERUNDIO a. She wrote a newspaper article about dealing with college recruiters. b. She thanked her coach for helping her to deal with the pressure.

Two prepositions, except and but, will sometimes take an infinitive. a. The committee had no choice except to elect Frogbellow chairperson. b. What is left for us but to pack up our belongings and leave?

Emie: grammar

CUANDO TIENEN FUNCIÓN DE OBJETO DIRECTO > GERUNDIO, INFINITIVO CON “TO”O INFINITIVO SIN “TO”, SEGÚN GRUPO

GRUPO 1 : VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE INFINITIVOCON “TO” Emotion care desire hate

hate like loathe

love regret yearn

Choice or Intent agree choose decide decide expect

hope intend need plan prefer

prepare propose refuse want wish

Initiation, Completion, Incompletion > begin cease commence fail

get hesitate manage neglect

start try undertake

Mental Process forget know how

learn

remember

Request and Promise demand offer

promise swear

threaten vow

seem

tend

Intransitives appear happen

Miscellaneous ( = otros)

Emie: grammar afford arrange

claim continue

pretend wait

GRUPO II : VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE PRONOMBRE + INFINITIVO CON “TO” Example : I begged him to let me the flan. Communication advise ask* beg* challenge command convince

forbid invite order permit persuade promise*

remind require tell warn urge

Instruction encourage instruct help teach

train

Causing allow cause choose

force get hire

need* would like*

Miscellaneous dare* expect*

trust prepare*

want*

GRUPO III: VERBOS + GERUNDIO Initiation, Completion and Incompletion anticipate avoid begin cease complete

delay finish get through give up postpone

quit risk start stop try

Communication admit advise

encourage mention

report suggest

Emie: grammar deny discuss

recommend

urge

Continuing Action continue can't help

practice involve

keep keep on

love mind don't mind miss prefer

regret can't stand resent resist tolerate

Emotion appreciate dislike enjoy hate like

Mental Process anticipate consider forget

imagine recall remember

see can't see understand

GRUPO IV : VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE GERUNDIO O INFINITIVO SIN “TO” (CASI DIFERENCIA DE SENTIDO) attempt begin continue hate

like love can't stand neglect stand prefer start

GRUPO V : VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE GERUNDIO O INFINITIVO CON “TO” (CON DIFERENCIA DE SENTIDO) Forget

I forgot to lock the door I forgot locking the door

Se me olvidó cerrar la puerta Se me olvido que había cerrado la puerta Recordé invitarle Recordé que le había invitado

Remember

I remembered to invite him I remembered inviting him

Stop

I stopped to talk to him I stopped talking to him

Me paré para hablar con él Paré de hablarle

I tried to do it but I couldn’t I tried doing it just in case.

Lo intenté pero no lo conseguí (proeza) Lo intenté por si a caso (experiencia)

I regret to tell you that… I regret telling you that…

Lamento decirte que…. Lamento haberte dicho que…..

Try

Regret

Emie: grammar Mean

I didn’t mean to hurt you It meant working a lot

No fue mi intención herirte´. Eso suponía mucho trabajo

GRUPO VI : VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE PRONOMBRE + GERUNDIO (acción en curso) Example: I felt him coming towards me ( sentí como venía hacia mí)

Verbs Involving Senses feel hear listen to

look at notice observe

overhear see watch

GRUPO VII : VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE PRONOMBRE + INFINITIVO SIN “TO”(acción terminada) a. We watched him clear the table. (ví como quito la mesa) b. They heard the thief go through the door. (oyerón como entró el ladrón) c. We helped her finish the homework. ( la ayudamos a terminar el trabajo) GRUPO VII: PASSIVE MEANINGS : INFINITIVE CON “TO” O “GERUNDIO” SEGÚN LOS VERBOS a. Children are made to work hard in Japan ( obligan a los niños a trabajar duro en Japón) b. You are not allowed to smoke in here (no te està permitido fumar aquí) c. He is believed to be the criminal ( se cree que él es el criminal) d. Your car needs cleaning ( Tienes que limpiar el coche) e. I am not used/accustomed to cleaning ( no estoy acostumbrado a limpiar)

GRUPO VIII: CON ALGUNAS EXPRESIONES IDIOMÁTICAS

a. There is no point in going there . ( no sirve de nada ir allí?

Emie: grammar b. It’s worth working hard (merece la pena trabajar duro)

GRUPO IX : EXPRESIONES + INFINITIVO SIN “TO”

a. I’d better go, it’s getting late. (mejor sera que me vaya, se està haciendo tarde) b. I’d rather do it myself (prefiero hacerlo yo) c. Let me tell you ( dejame que te diga) d. Do they make you wear a uniform to school? (Tienes que llevar uniforme en el colegio) e. I have a decorator paint my flat ( Me pinta el piso un decorador) f. I got my hair cut ( Me he cortado el pelo)