Genetic Screening Is Carried Out In Human

Genetic screening is carried out in human Chorionic villus sampling  This process involves inserting a hollow tube into uterusthrough thr pregnant woman’s abdomen and uterine wall  It can also be carried by inserting a catheter thorough the cervix  Fragments of chorionic villus material are drawn up; containing living cells that are actively dividing  A karyotype analysis is done by examining thechromosomal content of these cells  The cells can also be cultured in suitable medium for DNA analysis to detect conditions such as thalessemia and cystic fibrosis Amniocentesis  This process is done by studying cell samples taken from the amniotic fluid, which surrounds the developing fetus in the uterus  It is usually done during the 4th month of pregnancy  With the help of ultrasound for guidance and a local anaesthetic, a hollow tube inserted into uterus through the pregnant woman’s abdomen and uterine walls  A small amount of amniotic fluid is then draen up, containing living cells that have faked off from inside the fetus  The cells are spun by centrifugation and cultured so that they multiply  The chromosomes of the dividing cells are then examined  Certain genetics defects such as Down Syndrome can be detected directly from the chromosome number  They presence alpha-feto protein indicates the risk of spina bifida DNA analysis  This process involves extracting DNA material from cells of an individual.  The DNA is cut into fragments using restriction enzymes and the fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis  Southern blotting is used to transfer the DNA from the gel to nitrocellulose filter  A gene probe is used to detect mutant DNA in a fragment by radioactive labeling  Autoradiography is carried out by putting the filter on an X-ray film  This would show the mutant genes in the bands on the film