Generalisable Aspects Of Expertise (theoretical Frameworks)

Methods to extract expert knowledge to build computer models Long standing controversy as to whether or not highly experienced experts are capable of articulating knowledge that control their actions in complex Expert systems (AI and situations cognitive science) Skill acquisition theories (automation), pattern recognition, and direct access of actions

Qualitatively different representation and organisation of knowledge

Expertise as contextually-based, intuitive action that is difficult or impossible to verbalise (tacit knowledge)

Expert performance is domain-specific, with limited transfer outside domain Systematic differences between experts/novices almost always refelct attributes acquired during training Measures of basic mental capacities are not valid predictors of expertise

Reliably superior performance on representative tasks in a domain

Representative tasks Standardised and controlled measurement Measurement of gradual increases in performance accumulated amount of deliberate Deliberate action and practice is proportionate to level of continuous refinementof performance performance can impact mediating mechanisms

Generalisable aspects of expertise (theoretical frameworks)

Expertise as extrapolation of of everyday skill to extended experience

Elite achievement as a result of superior learning Early instruction and support environment Focus on objective achievement Indvidual differences in (innate) mental capacities