Gastrointestinal System

ESOPHAGUS    cervical thoracic abdominal 3 esophageal constrictions    Small Intestine     Duodenum- Jejunum- Ileum-LARGE VS SMALL BOWEL        Abnormal gas patterns

      Generalized ileus    Small bowel obstruction       Mechanical LBO       Mechanical LBO    

 Hiatal Hernia 1. Sliding Hiatal Hernia (99%) 2. Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia Carcinoma of the Esophagus

Hampton’s line Ulcer collar Ulcer moundRing shadow X-ray signs of malignant ulcers Carmen meniscus sign-Kirklin meniscus complex Carcinoma of the Stomach Histology Morphology

Esophageal Varices 1. Uphill varices Causes 2. Downhill varices Causes Plain film Upper GI Series CT scan Achalasia Gastric Ulcers Location • Almost all lesser curvature gastric ulcers <1cm are benign X-Ray Signs of a benign gastric ulcer Ulcer crater-(penetration)

Metastases Malignant ulcer Ulcerating malignancy Linitis plastica (scirrhous carcinoma)signet ring cell Duodenal Ulcer Disease Pathophysiology Location • Bulbar (95%) • Postbulbar (3-5%) X-ray Kissing ulcers Giant duodenal ulcer Clover-leaf deformity

Complications Diffuse Small Bowel Disease Sprue X-ray dilatation and dilution Segmentation Fragmentation Moulage sign Scleroderma X-ray dilated not have increased secretions Whipple’s Disease X-ray nodules markedly thickened bowelwall Amyloidosis X-ray thickening of the valvulae Hypoproteinemia X-ray Folds are quite thick (picket-fence) Giardiasis X-ray Thickening of the folds Marked spasm and irritability of the bowel Ischemic Bowel Disease X-ray narrowed Folds are thickened“thumb-printing” Intramural Bleeding

X-ray Radiation Enteritis X-ray Lymphoma Sigmoid Volvulus 8% elderly Abdominal plain films usually diagnostic 1. Inverted U-shaped 2. Loss of haustra 3. Coffee-bean sign Sigmoid volvulus – Cecal volvulus – 4. Bird’s-beak or bird-of-prey sign  Ascariasis Life cycle X-ray findings          

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  Causes of bull's eye, or target, metastases       Causes of calcified metastases     Causes of heterogeneously echogenic liver metastases              

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