Freedoms Of The Air

Freedoms of the air The freedoms of the air are a set of commercial aviation rights granting a country's airline(s) the privilege to enter and land in another country's airspace. Formulated as a result of disagreements over the extent of aviation liberalization in the Convention on International Civil Aviation of 1944, (known as the Chicago Convention) the United States had called for a standardized set of separate air rights which may be negotiated between states but most of the other countries involved were concerned that the size of the U.S. airlines would dominate all world air travel if there were not strict rules.

First Freedom of the Air (technical freedom) -- is the right to fly over a foreign country without landing. It grants the privilege to fly over the territory of a treaty country without landing.

Second Freedom of the Air -- allows technical stops without the enplaning or deplaning of passengers or cargo. It is the right to stop in one country solely for refueling or other maintenance on the way to another country.

Third Freedom of The Air -- is the right to carry passengers or cargo from one's own country to another. **The third freedom was the first commercial freedom.

Fourth Freedom of The Air -- right to carry passengers or cargo from another country to one's own. **Third and fourth freedom rights are almost always granted simultaneously in bilateral agreements between countries.

Fifth Freedom of The Air -- allows an airline to carry revenue traffic between foreign countries as a part of services connecting the airline's own country. It is the right to carry passengers from one's own country to a second country, and from that country to a third country (and so on).

Sixth Freedom of The Air -- combines the third freedom and fourth freedoms and is the right to carry passengers or cargo from a second country to a third country by stopping in one's own country.

Seventh Freedom of The Air -- is a variation of the fifth freedom. It is the right to carry passengers or cargo between two foreign countries without any continuing service to one's own country.

Eighth Freedom of The Air (consecutive cabotage) -- is the right to carry passengers or cargo between two or more points in one foreign country.

Ninth Freedom of The Air (stand alone cabotage) -- right to carry passengers or cargo within a foreign country without continuing service to or from one's own country.