A sentence fragment tries its best to be a sentence, but it just can’t make it. It’s missing something. Often, it’s missing a verb or part of a verb string: John working extra hard on his hook shot lately.
Here, for instance, we’re missing an auxiliary — has been, in this case, probably — that would complete the verb string and the sentence.
Incomplete V Two
erb, Pa rt
A sentence fragment tries its best to be a sentence, but it just can’t make it. It’s missing something.
Often, it’s missing a verb or part of a verb string:
Spending hours every day after school and even on weekends. This time we’re missing a whole verb. “Spending” is a participle wanting to modify something, but there is no subjectverb relationship within the sentence.
Avoiding S entence Fr agme nts
Sometimes a sentence fragment can give you a great deal of information, but it’s still not a complete sentence: After the coach encouraged him so much last year and he seemed to improve with each passing game. Here we have a subjectverb relationship — in fact, we have two of them — but the entire clause is subordinated by the dependent word after. We have no independent clause.
Avoiding S entence Fr agme nts
Be alert for strings of prepositional phrases that never get around to establishing a subjectverb relationship: Immediately after the founding of the college and during those early years as the predominant educational institution in the Philippines.
Avoiding Run-on Sentences The length of a sentence has nothing to do with whether or not a sentence is considered a runon. A runon sentence is one in which two clauses have been connected incorrectly.
Avoiding Run-on Sentences Let’s think of an independent clause as an independently operated train headed west . . .
getting connected to another train headed east.
Some students think they can study for an important exam by “cramming” all night, they are probably wrong.
Avoiding Run-on Sentences Some students think they can study for an important exam by “cramming” all night, they are probably wrong.
This is an example of the dreaded COMMA SPLICE! A comma splice connects two independent clauses with only a comma. There are several ways to fix a comma splice. . . .
Avoiding Run-on Sentences 1. We can insert a period and start a new sentence. Some students think they can study for an important exam by “cramming” all night. They are probably wrong.
2. We can insert a comma plus a coordinating conjunction. Some students think they can study for an important exam by “cramming” all night, but they are probably wrong. 3. We can use a semicolon. Some students think they can study for an important
exam by “cramming” all night; they are probably wrong.