Foundations Of Individual Behaviour

Foundations of Individual Behaviour By:- Sayad Rashid

Biographical Characteristics Personal characteristics- such as age, gender, and marital status – that are objective and easily obtained from personal records.

Age – has impact on performance, turnover, absenteeism, productivity and satisfaction. Gender – has impact on absenteeism and turnover. Education – This has its impact upon individual behaviour, largely through the level of education received.

Tenure – has its impact on job performance, turnover. Marital status – has impact on absenteeism, turnover, and satisfaction. Number of dependents – has its main impact on absenteeism and turnover.

Ability An individual’s capacity to perform the various tasks in a job. Intellectual abilities Physical abilities The Ability – job Fit

Intellectual abilities – Needed to perform mental activities. Dimensions of Intellectual ability are:  Number aptitude  Verbal comprehension  Perceptual speed  Inductive reasoning  Deductive reasoning  Spatial visualization  Memory

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Physical abilities – The capacity to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics. Nine basic physical abilities are: Strength Factors Dynamic strength Trunk strength Static strength Explosive Strength Flexibility Factors Extent Flexibility Dynamic Flexibility Body coordination Other Factors Balance Stamina

Learning Any relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experience.

Theories of Learning Classical Conditioning: A type of conditioning in which an individual responds to some stimulus that would not ordinarily produce such a response. Operant Conditioning: A type of conditioning in which desired voluntary behaviour leads to a reward or prevents a punishment.

Cognitive Theory of Learning: Cognitive theory of learning assumes that the organism learns the meaning of various objects and events, and learned responses depending on the meaning assigned to stimuli. Social Learning Theory: Social learning theory emphasizes the ability of an individual to learn by observing others.

Principles of Learning Shaping Behaviour- Systematically reinforcing each successive step that moves an individual closer to the desired response. Methods of Shaping Behaviour:  Negative reinforcement  Positive reinforcement  Punishment  Extinction

Motivation Whole versus part learning Learning curves Meaningfulness of material and Learning styles.

Thank You….. Presentation By: Sayad Rashid Parrey Of: International Institute of Business Studies, Bangalore Section: Innovation Email: [email protected]