Foundation Sample Set 1

SAMPLE QUESTIONS SET # 1 Not a TRUE exam built to ISTQB guidelines, but samples of the types of questions that may be included, in a 40-question set usable as a time test.

• There is exactly one correct answer to each question. • The TRUE exam comprises 40 questions. • A total percentage of 65 must be obtained to pass. • Each question is worth 1 point. • You have 60 minutes to answer all questions on a TRUE exam. • ANSWERS follow at the end, along with a citation of the section of the Foundation Level syllabus where the answer can be found.

Copyright © 2009 American Software Testing Qualifications Board (ASTQB). The authors (ISTQB representatives and ASTQB’s Technical Advisory Group) have agreed to the following conditions of use: 1) Any individual or training company may use these sample questions in a training course if ASTQB and ISTQB are acknowledged as the source and copyright owners. 2) Any individual or group of individuals may use these sample questions as the basis for articles, books, or other derivative writings if ASTQB and ISTQB are acknowledged as the source and copyright owners of the syllabus. 3) Any ISTQB-recognized National Board may translate these sample questions and license the syllabus (or its translation) to other parties.

1. As a test leader you are collecting measures about defects. You recognize that after the first test cycle – covering all requirements - subsystem C has a defect density that is 150% higher than the average. Subsystem A on the other hand has a defect density that is 60% lower than the average.

What conclusions for the next test cycle could you draw from this fact?

A. B. C. D. 2.

It is probable that subsystem C has still more hidden defects. Therefore we need to test subsystem C in more detail. Because we have already found many defects in subsystem C, we should concentrate testing resources on Subsystem A. Observed defect density does not allow any conclusions about the amount of additional testing. We should try to equalize the amount of testing over all modules to ensure that we test all subsystems evenly.

Which of the following are success factors when rolling out a new tool?



I. Roll the tool out to the entire organization to ensure reasonably even coverage. II. Avoid changing existing processes to reduce impact of the tool. III. Provide training and mentoring to new users. IV. Allow users to determine where the tool fits into the process best.



A. B. C. D.

I and II I, III and IV III IV

3.

Which of the following are the main stages of a formal review?



A. B. C. D.

4.

A test case has which of the following elements?



A. B. C. D.

Initiation, Preparation, Informal Review Meeting, Status, Rework, and Follow up. Planning, Preparation, Technical Review, Rework, and Closure. Preparation, Inspection, Rework, Closure, and Follow up. Planning, Kick off, Individual Preparation, Review Meeting, Rework, and Follow up.

A test environment description and test instructions. A set of inputs, execution preconditions, and expected outcomes. A test plan, test inputs, and logging instructions. Execution instructions and a function description to determine correct outcome.

5. Which of the following provides the test group with the ability to reference all documents and software items unambiguously?

A. B. C. D.

Agile testing methodology Effective use of tools Configuration management Requirements traceability matrix

6. In any software development life cycle (SDLC) model, which of the following are characteristics of good testing?

I. Providing complete test coverage of all branches of the system code. II. Having a corresponding testing activity for each development activity. III. Testers should be involved in reviewing documents as soon as drafts are available. IV. Each test level has test objectives specific to that level.



II, III and IV I and III I, III and IV I and II

A. B. C. D.

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ASTQB/ISTQB Foundation Level Sample Questions

7.

Which of the following are potential benefits of adding tools to the test process?



I. Reduction of repetitive testing procedures. II. Ability to hire testers with fewer technical skills. III. Ability to get an objective assessment of progress. IV. Greater consistency in testing procedures.



A. B. C. D.

8.

Which of the following statements describes a key principle of software testing?



A. B. C. D.



II, III and IV I, III and IV I, II and III I, II and IV

Automated tests allow better statements of confidence about the quality of software products. For a software system, it is normally impossible to test all the input and output combinations. Exhaustive software testing is, with enough effort and tool support, feasible for all software. The purpose of software testing is demonstrating the absence of defects in software products.

9. During testing, a defect was found in which the system crashed when the network got disconnected while receiving data from the server. The defect was fixed by correcting functionality which checks the network availability during data transfer. Existing test cases did cover 100% of the module statements. To verify the fix and ensure more extensive coverage, some tests were designed and added to the test suite. What types of testing are mentioned above?

I. Functional testing II. Structural testing III. Confirmation testing IV. Performance testing



A. B. C. D.

I, III and IV I and III II and IV I, II and III

10.

Which of the following statements are TRUE for informal reviews?



I. Easy to get started and have some benefit II. Have no or minimal formal process III. The process must be documented IV. May include “paired programming”



A. B. C. D.

I, II and IV I and III III and IV I, III and IV

11.

Which of the following are Black Box test design techniques?



I. Boundary value analysis II. Branch condition testing III. Equivalence partitioning IV. State transition testing.



I, II, III and IV I and III III and IV I, III and IV



A. B. C. D.

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ASTQB/ISTQB Foundation Level Sample Questions

12.

Which of the following are success factors for reviews?



I. Clear objectives for each review. II. Checklists and/or roles are used to increase effectiveness of defect identification. III. There is an emphasis on process improvement. IV. People issues and psychological aspects are not reviewed.



A. B. C. D.

I and III II, III and IV I, II and III IV

13.

Which of the following is a valid objective of an incident report?

14.

A. B. C. D.



Prove that the tester is contributing to the quality of the system. Provides test management ideas for test process improvement. Gives a statistical way to determine which modules to redesign. Provides developers a way to critique their individual work processes.

Which of the following are test management tool capabilities?



I. The enforcement of coding standards. II. Support for requirements traceability activities. III. The generation of testing progress reports IV. Generation of test process improvement information.



A. B. C. D.

II, III and IV I and II I, III and IV III and IV

15.

Which of the following statements contains a valuable objective for a test team?



A. B. C. D.

16.

Which of the following are good candidates for manual static testing?



A. B. C. D.

17.

Which of the following could be a disadvantage of independent testing?



A. B. C. D.

18.

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about the use of static analysis tools?



A. B. C. D.

Prove that the remaining defects will not cause any additional failures. Run all of the tests that are defined for the test object as quickly as possible. Prove that all faults have been identified through thorough testing. Cause as many failures as possible so that faults can be identified and corrected.

Requirement specifications, test plan, code, memory leaks. Requirement specifications, test cases, user guides. Requirement specifications, user guides, performance. Requirement specifications, website, code, use cases.

Developer and independent testing will overlap and waste resources. Communication is limited between independent testers and developers. Independent testers are too slow and delay the project schedule. Developers can lose a sense of responsibility for quality.

Static analysis tools can change the code to reduce complexity. Static analysis tools are intended to support developers only. Static analysis tools aid in understanding of code structure and dependencies. Static analysis tools cannot be used to enforce coding standards.

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ASTQB/ISTQB Foundation Level Sample Questions

19.

Which of the following best describes typical test exit criteria?

A. B. C. D.

Reliability measures, number of tests written, and product completeness. Thoroughness measures, reliability measures, cost, schedule, tester availability and residual risks. Thoroughness measures, reliability measures, test cost, amount of time spent testing and product completeness, number of defects. Time to market, residual defects, tester qualification, degree of tester independence, thoroughness measures and test cost.

20.

How does testing contribute to software quality?



A. B. C. D.

Testing ensures that the system under test will not error out in a production environment. Testing identifies defects which ensures a successful product will be released to market. Testing increases the quality of a software system by avoiding defects in the system under test. Testing through verification and validation of functionality identifies defects in the system under test.

21. Company ABC is going to provide their employees with a bonus which will be based on the employee’s length of service in the company. The bonus calculation will be zero if they have been with the company for less than two years, 10% of their salary for more than two but less than five years, and 25% for five to ten years, 35% for ten years or more. The interface will not allow a negative value to be input, but it will allow a zero to be input.

How many equivalence partitions are needed to test the calculation of the bonus?



A. B. C. D.

22.

Which of the statements about reviews are correct?

Two equivalence partitions. Three equivalence partitions. Four equivalence partitions. Five equivalence partitions.



I. Reviews are useful because, through their use, defects can be found early, resulting in cost savings. II. Reviews are useful because they help management understand the comparative skills of different developers. III. Testers should not get involved in specification reviews because it can bias them unfavorably. IV. Many early defects are found in reviews, lengthening the time needed for the development life cycle



A. B. C. D.

I IV I and IV I and III

23.

Which of the following BEST describes the task partition between test manager and tester?

A. B. C. D.

The test manager plans, organizes and creates the test specifications, while the tester implements, prioritizes and executes tests. The test manager plans, monitors and controls the testing activities, while the tester designs, executes tests and evaluates the results. The test manager plans testing activities and chooses the standards to be followed, while the tester chooses the tools and controls their use. The test manager reviews tests developed by others, while the tester selects tools to support testing.

24.

Which of the following might be a concern of a test group relying on a test design tool?



A. B. C. D.

The tool may not generate sufficient tests for verifying all aspects of the test object. The tool’s playback function may not work the same for all testers’ workstations. The tool might take too much time to run, putting the schedule at jeopardy. The tool’s test logs may require that the test group upgrade the server memory

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ASTQB/ISTQB Foundation Level Sample Questions

25.

What is integration testing?



A. B. C. D.

26.

Which of the following statements about the benefits of deriving test cases from use cases are true?

Integration of automated software test suites with the application under test. Testing performed to expose faults in the interaction between components and systems. Testing to verify that a component is ready for integration with the rest of the system. Testing to verify that the test environment can be integrated with the product.



I. Deriving test cases from use cases is helpful for system and acceptance testing. II. Deriving test cases from use cases is helpful only for automated testing III. Deriving test cases from use cases is helpful for unit testing. IV. Deriving test cases from use cases is helpful for testing the interaction and interference between different components.



A. B. C. D.

I I and II. III I and IV.

27.

What is the purpose of exhaustive testing?



A. B. C. D.

28.

Which of the following is NOT a test planning activity?

A. B. C. D.

To decide if the system is ready for detailed and further testing. To determine how the existing system may be affected by changes. To make use of every possible input condition as a test case. To determine if a system can function correctly with invalid inputs.

Selecting test conditions based on an analysis of the test object. Scheduling test analysis and design, implementation and execution activities. Assigning resources for the activities to be performed. Making decisions about which roles will perform the test activities and setting the level of detail for the test procedures.

29.

Which of the following is a good reason for a developer to use a Test Harness tool?



A. B. C. D.

30.

Which of the following is true of acceptance testing?



A. B. C. D.

To help the developer to compare differences between files and databases. To reduce the quantity of component tests needed to be run. To make it easier for developers to peer-test each other’s code. To simplify running unit tests when related components are not available yet.

A goal of acceptance testing is to stress-test the system. A goal of acceptance testing is to establish confidence in the system. Acceptance testing is performed by technical staff. Acceptance testing is only used to address functionality issues within the system.

Page  of 9 ASTQB/ISTQB Foundation Levelcoverage? Sample Questions 31. For the following piece of code, how many test cases are needed to get 100% statement



Procedure X Read (Color) // Input color from user IF (Color == “Red”) THEN Call Roses(Color) ELSEIF (Color == “Blue”) THEN Call Violets(Color) ELSE PRINT “User is no Shakespeare” SaveToDatabase(Color) End Procedure X



A. 5 B. 3 C. 1 D. 2

32. An estimate of resources should be made so that an organization can create a schedule for testing. Which of the following approaches can be used for creating an estimate?

I. A skills-based approach, in which the estimate is based on all the testers’ skills. II. An expert-based approach, in which the owner or other expert creates the estimate. III. A metrics-based approach, in which the estimate is based on previous testing efforts. IV. A bottom-up approach, in which each tester estimates their work and all estimates are integrated.



II, III, and IV I, III, and IV I and IV II and III

A. B. C. D.

33. When conducting reviews, psychological sensitivity is required. Which mistake often occurs when conducting reviews and may lead to interpersonal problems within teams? A. B. C. D.

Testers and reviewers expect that defects in the software product are already found and fixed by the developers. Due to time constraints, testers and reviewers do not believe they can afford enough time to find failures. Testers and reviewers communicate defects as criticism against humans instead of against the software product. Testers and reviewers are not sufficiently trained to accurately identify failures and faults in the item under review.

34.

Which of the following statements about functional testing is TRUE?



A. B. C. D.

35.

Which of the following is a dynamic analysis tool?



A. B. C. D.

Functional testing is primarily concerned with “what” a system does rather than “how” it does it. Control flow models and menu structure models are used primarily in functional testing. Functional testing includes, but is not limited to, load testing, stress testing and reliability testing. Functional testing is often referred to as “structural” testing by testers and developers.

Test comparator Database model checker Coverage measurement tool Memory leak detector

Page  of 9 ASTQB/ISTQB Foundation Level Sample Questions 36. Which of the following statements about test design are TRUE?



I. During test design, the test cases and test data are created and specified. II. If expected results are not defined, a plausible but erroneous result may be accepted as correct. III. The IEEE 829 standard describes the content of test design and test case specifications. IV. Test design is a formal process in which the conditions to be tested are determined.



A. B. C. D.

II, III and IV III and IV I and IV I, II and III

37.

Which of the following details would most likely be included in an incident report?



I. Identification of the test item (configuration item) and environment. II. Development process characteristics such as organization stability and test process used. III. A review of the test basis, such as requirements, architecture, design, interfaces. IV. Scope or degree of the impact on the stakeholders’ interests.



A. B. C. D.

I, II and III. II and III. I and IV. III and IV.

38.

What factors should an organization take into account when determining how much testing is needed?



I. Level of risk II. Tools to be used during test sub-project III. Project constraints such as time and budget IV. Skill of the testers V. Expected selling cost of the system



A. B. C. D.

All of the factors should be taken into account. I and III I, III and IV I, II, IV, and V

39.

What is testing without executing the code?



A. B. C. D.

40.

What is the purpose of regression testing?



A. B. C. D.

Non-functional testing. Structure-based testing (white box). Static testing. Functional testing (black box).

It enables us to reuse all our tests to improve ROI. It can be used to replace acceptance testing. To reduce the amount of impact analysis we must do when modifying a system. To discover any defects introduced or uncovered as a result of a change.

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ASTQB/ISTQB Foundation Level Sample Questions

ANSWER KEY TO FOUNDATION LEVEL SAMPLE QUESTIONS Set # 1 NUMBER

ANSWER

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

A C D B C A B B D A D C B A D B D C B D C A B A B D C A D B B D C A D D C B C D

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SYLLABUS REFERENCE 1.3 6.3 3.2.1 4.1 5.4 2.1.3 6.2.1 1.3 2.3 3.2.3 4.3 3.2.4 5.6 6.1.2 1.1.4 3.1 5.1.1 6.1.3 5.2.3 1.1.4 4.3.1 3.1 5.1.2 6.1.4 2.2.2 4.3.5 1.3 5.2.2 6.15 2.2.4 4.4.1 5.2.4 1.5 2.3.1 6.1.6 4.1 5.6 1.1.5 3.1 2.3.4

DIFFICULTY LEVEL K2 K1 K2 K2 K1 K2 K1 K1 K2 K1 K1 K2 K1 K1 K1 K1 K2 K1 K2 K1 K3 K1 K2 K2 K1 K2 K1 K2 K1 K1 K3 K1 K2 K1 K1 K1 K1 K2 K1 K1

NOTES

ASTQB/ISTQB Foundation Level Sample Questions