Forensics

History Fingerprint A

• 1901 Introduction England and Wal Edward Richard H System, used eve • 1902 First system York Civil Service pioneers U.S. fing •• 1924 1903 An Theact NewofYo Division theofF systematicofuse • Leavenworth 1904 The use ofco f Penitentiary in Ka F.B.I. fingerprin were assisted by • 1946 The F.B.I Detec duty at the St. Lou Around 1870 a French anthrop cards in manua • 1905 The use of measure and record the dimen million cards. Identifyi later the U.S. Nav the body. Marine Corp. Dur • With the introdu

History History of Fing

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• In earlier civilizations maiming were used t History of Fin for what he was. • The thief was deprive committed the thieve • The Romans employ

Charac Fingerprint

Approximately five p

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Evalu Fingerprint •

Characteristics

• Fingerprints are found on all people and some animals. They are unique to thenine differen • • Johannes Purkinjie described individual and recognized today as remain four main types whos fingers. These four mainatypes arch,is•te ELLIPSE. Anare Ellipse unchanged over lifetime. Arch patterns are rare and the line-type most comm ovalshaped • The pattern of ridges on the wh found in the friction skin of the fingers, center of Whorl patter • Arch: ridges enter from one palms, toes, sole of the foot

Minutia

Gain Identifying C

• Because of• the biological p The comparison permanence, prints, this makes th footprints identification of personsscien by fingerprint • No matter how s • The identification of individu is the from additional of one fingerprint, an u known prints tha Fingerprint matching techniques • Latent prints ar comparing it to a fingerprint expert. eye. Theyand arecoc categories: minutae -based • The characteristics are com • This ability is ga II: Identify Spe materials first that Minutiae-based I: Mark Print techniques fi stfo number are• inThe agreement work under the g Patterns on 1 p method us their relative placement on the fin that they are from the same • Fingerprint com type of surface However, there are some difficu anyone who exp prints were left • Classifying the general pat difficult to extract the minutiae • 1. Dust the surfacep crime lab. demanding. appropriate them to quality. be stored inpowder a filin is of low • They are Itcomparison. isdoes difficult, but the area containing retrieved for Also this method notcomp take

Comparing Fin L

How

been at th can have choose the app don't get discou

Techniques for Dev

Reasons

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•

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• Fingerprin WHY moreUSE thanF InkingCRIMINAL A Perso used in law I • Because o conclusive WHY USE among ad Fingerprint CRIMINAL • However, its ground more soph

1. “Powder Dusting - a powder of contrasting color to the surface being dusted is chosen. Impressions on objects such as metal, plastic, glass, tile and other non-porous surfaces are easily processed with various • The steps for inking finger fingerprint powders. • According to impressions on the 2. Iodine Fuming - vapor fromcard a investigator warmed iodine crystals dissolves in • Each finger is rolled throu the skin oils in a latent print, yielding a then that finger impression fundamenta yellow brown print. The developed latent prints are photographed card. – A fingerprin immediately because they fade • All (Lee rolling made • The individu bebe found th rapidly” 140).should roll back- aand forth. upon the ge 3. “Nynhydrin chemical reagent possess id

Types of fin

• There are three types Arches (5%) crime scenes. – Arches are

Fingerprint ca hills a – visible prints into are made

colored materials such – plastic prints are formed Whorl (30%) • The fingerprints can surface such as clay, so – Whorl is ci three basic formatio – Latent prints the are print. invisibl – the Loops body’s natural grea – Arches • The glands in th • sweat Because it cannot be Loops (65%) fingerprint powders, produce a water based – Whorls – Loops are

Why do peo fingerp

Common L Further Clas Found in F

Arch • Fingerprint Lo (shapes) wh 1. Plain Arch 1. Radi Further Clas Line-ty classificatio 2. Tented ArchArch, 2. Loop Ulna • ROD-A The 'Pattern Rod the center straight linea Line-typ Good P the line-type recurve fea • found This area a in the • Fingerprint scan qualit classificatio SPIRAL-A Spi fingerprint's of any electronic finger etc.). from the cen

Integrated Line-types fou Identific

The Integrate • TENTED• ARCH-Resem System line-type•quickly rises More commo Line-types fou H steep angle. They finge tend • National by with Tentedmaintained Arch patte Criminal Just • United States • ISLAND-An Island is a • ten IAFIS provide fingerprin which stands alone. (i. capabilities, la Typica • touch LOOP-A Loop is a rec Line-types fou • Parts of the storage, and another line-type enters and leaves from responses, 24 – Key contained in the patter • As a result of the fingerprint. – Major • MINUTIAE POINTS interest.) agencies rece

define

– Primary print fingerpri common mic

Law Enforceme Phy Syste

• AFIS is •part of one Latent fing Law Enforceme in the U.S. . The ot primary m Che Syste • Black fing – Combined DNA Ind best resul • All three• systems (A Chemical all have two types o visualizing • Magnetic Development of Che – Ballistics – Integrated Knowns-available files of kno specimens, images (IBIS) • Fingerprint – residue, Ninhydr • Small part Silver ni inorganic and organ

Bloody F Chemical M Sp

• Physical• Developer Fingerprin Combination type process basedS the sticky Light onto latent fingerpri violet • US Secret Service Various types of lig Bloody Fingerpr uses colloidal gold illuminate fingerprin • Most com System Special Si • Normally powder, used after w (plant •fingerprints Latent dev • Bloody Bright white lightpoll (5 water – primarilyand compose

Recognition, Co Preservation of Fing

• Fingerprints are am • Objects at a crime Test Toms believed to contain collected • If collection is impos development techni • Photographing of de advisable