Food And Its Components

WELCOME • •

TO OUR PROJECT

FOOD AND ITS COMPONENTS • • INDERJIT SINGH • Sc. Master • G. G. H. S. Lohian

Objectives; 1. Food needs w.r.t. work. 2. To know about food value. 3. Our energy needs. 4. Food needs w.r.t. age. 5. Food for special needs.

What is food? • Food is a substance which when taken digested and absorbed provides energy , growth , repair and reproduction. It is also called fuel for living organisims.

Functions Of food • It provides energy to the body. • It helps our body to grow. • It provides materials for the repair of cells and tissues. • Food controls the life functions.

Carbohydrates? • They are energy yielding organic compounds made up of C ,H , and O.

CARBOHYDRATES

WATER AND

PROTEINS

ROUGHAGE COMPONENTS OF FOOD

FATS

MINERALS

VITAMINS

Carbohydrates ? • They are energy yielding organic compounds made up of C ,H and O.

Types Starch

Sugar

Glucose

Sources of carbohydrates Wheat Maize Rice Potatoes Sugarcane Ripe fruits

FATS ? 

They are made of glycerol and fatty acids SOURCES

Animal fats ;

Vegetable fats ;

milk ,cheese ,butter ,desi ghee ,egg ,meat.

almond oil ,ground nuts ,coconuts ,soyabeans ,sunflower ,mustardoil

TYPES OF FATTY ACIDS • Saturated • They are solid at room temp. • Their molecules have single bond. • e.g.vanaspati,butter, • Desighee.

• • • •

• Unsaturated They are liquid at room temp, Their molecules have double bonds. Vegetable oil Cotton seed oil

Energy value; • Carbohydrates ; • One gram yields 4.2 Kcal. Of energy to the body.

• Fats ; • One gram yields 9.3 Kcal. Of energy to the body.

Proteins ? • They are complex organic compounds containing C ,H ,N and O.

Sources ; Plants sources Groundnuts ,beans ,pulses ,almonds

Animal sources Fish ,eggs ,milk ,cheese ,curd

Types and functions of proteins   



Enzymes Transport proteins Contractile



Harmones

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

Structural



Protective

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

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Biochemical reactions Haemoglobin Muscle contraction and locomotion Insulin, regulate body functions Form parts of cells and tissues Antibodies.

VITAMINS; • They are organic nutrients required in minute amounts to maintain growth and metabolism. VITMIN A VITAMIN B

VITAMIN K TYPES

VITAMIN E

VITAMIN C

VITAMIN D

Sources of vitamin • VITAMIN –A • Green leafy vegetables, • carrot,fish,egg, milk etc.

SOURCE OF VITAMIN B • Milk , soyabean ,cereals ,meat egg,groundnut • vegetables ,etc.

SOURCES OF VITAMIN C • Amla ,lime ,lemon , • Orange ,etc.

SOURCES OF VITAMIN D • Milk ,fish ,egg ,synthesised in the body under the sun shine.

SOURSES OF VITAMIN E • Milk, • Butter • Tomato • Fish.

SOURCES OF VITAMINS K • Synthesized in the body . • Also present in; • Soya beans • Tomato • Liver.

MINERALS? • The metals ,non metals and their salts are called minerals. These are 4percent of our body weight and about 21 minerals are present in our body.

• Sources; •

Milk ,egg ,meat ,fruits ,vegetables ,common salt ,fish ,cheese liver kidney.

WATER ? • Water is an inorganic compound . It is composed of atoms of H and O. • It helps in preparing food for assimilation by body. • Our body contains 65-75 percent of water.

SOURCES OF WATER • Our body collects water from the following SOURCES; • Drinking water, fruits, vegetables, juice, milk, tea etc.

ROUGHAGE ? • Undigestible fibrous material present in the food. • It is not a food , but important for normal working of the digestive system. • SOURCES • Corn cob(bhutta), dalia, salad etc.