Final Take-home Quiz

Take-Home Quiz Due at 6:30 pm, December 10 You may refer to your notes and textbook for this quiz. Do not use the Internet. Answers should be in your own words. If you choose to support your ideas with a quote from the textbook, be sure to use quotation marks and cite the page number using the following format: An abacus is “the flat slab at the top of a capital, directly under the entablature” (601). Answer the following questions on separate sheets of paper (either typed or hand-written). Short answer (2-4 points each) 1. During the Gothic age, illuminators used columns, medallions and colors that were influenced by what? 2. What is an unusual feature of the Church of Sainte-Chapelle? 3. Define flying buttress. 4. Describe the process of rib vaulting. Give an example. 5. Which is the very large round window above the entrance to a Gothic church? 6. In making glass for stained glass windows, what element was added in order to make it turn red? 7. In making glass for stained glass windows, what element was added in order to make it turn blue? 8. What is the iron frame into which an assembled piece of stained glass is placed? 9. Define grisaille. Give an example. 10. What are the tall, narrow windows crowned by a pointed arch? 11. What made huge windows possible in Gothic Architecture? 12.

What was a Book of Hours and what was its purpose?

13. Artists in what country continued to work in a classically inspired tradition throughout the Gothic period? 14. The new scholastic thought caused sculpture to again be increasingly based upon what?

15. Which ancient scholar's work became available to Thomas Aquinas and consequently changed the church, all because the crusades brought Europe into contact with Byzantium and Islam? 16. Gothic originally meant what? 17. Where did Gothic Architecture begin? 18. Who originated the word Gothic? 19. What makes Giotto’s Virgin and Child Enthroned painting more innovative than Cimabue’s Virgin and Child Enthroned painting. 20. List two aspects of the work of Contemporary artist Kiki Smith that are inspired by Gothic art. 21. Define the term “Renaissance.” 22. Define orthogonal. 23. The concept of the ideal city was greatly influenced by De re aedificatoria. Who was the author? 24. Define sgraffito. Give an example. 25. In architecture, what are rough stone blocks called? 26. Which type of buttressing did the Florence Cathedral use? 27.

Who created the first large-scale bronze nude of the Renaissance?

28. How many members of the painters’ guild of Bruges were women in the1480s? 29. What was the area of western Belgium, southwestern Netherlands, and a small part of northern France called in the 15th century? 30. Where was oil paint invented? 31. To whom did Giorgio Vasari give the credit for "setting art upon the path that may be called the true one, for he learned to draw accurately from life and thus put an end to the crude Greek manners"? 32. Briefly explain linear perspective. Give an example. 33. Give one example of how ordinary objects are used as disguised religious

symbols in The Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife by Jan van Eyck. 34.

Describe Mannerism. Give an example.

35.

Which contemporaries of Raphael appear in The School of Athens?

36.

What generally happened to art in churches that became Protestant?

37.

Which invention fueled the Reformation?

38. In which work does Albrecht Durer first use a cannon of ideal human proportions? 39. Thomas Jefferson’s home at Monticello was most directly influenced by which architect? 40.

Which classical building was the main inspiration for the Villa Rotunda?

41. What made a painting of a female nude socially acceptable during the Renaissance? 42. What type of architectural plan was used for both Michelangelo’s and Bramante’s St. Peters? 43.

Where did Michelangelo include a self-portrait in the Last Judgment?

44.

What is usually depicted in the photography of Thomas Struth?

45. What were the two main ingredients in the Humanistic philosophy that produced the High Renaissance? 46. On which numbers did Leonardo base his last supper? 47. Which of Leonardo’s works explores the relationship of the circle and the square to the ideal human body? 48. What was unusual about Leonardo’s notebooks? 49. What event marks the end of the classical phase of the High Renaissance? 50. What were three qualities did the Council of Trent require CounterReformation art to posses? 51.

What was Bernini representing with the colonnade in front of St. Peter’s?

52.

What inspired the spiral-turned columns of Bernini’s Baldacchino?

53. List one of the decorative elements on Bernini’s Baldacchino that symbolize the pope’s family. 54.

Define quadratura. Give an example.

55.

Define di sotto in su. Give an example.

56.

Define tenebrism. Give an example.

57.

Why were Caravaggio’s paintings sometimes rejected?

58. Which older painting is Caravaggio referencing in his painting The Calling of St. Mathew? 59.

Name the female artist who was heavily inspired by Caravaggio.

60. Define genre painting. Give an example. 61. Define sfumato. Give an example. 62. Define chiaroscuro. Give an example. 63. Name an artist who had a bad temper and was always in trouble with the law. 64. What Baroque artist had a profound influence on the nineteenth-century art movement Impressionism? 65.

The 18th century is often called the Age of what?

66. What artistic style was partly inspired by the archeological discovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum? 67.

What was the “Grand Tour”?

68.

What two revolutions were inspired by Enlightenment ideals?

69. David’s Oath of the Horatii uses a story of ancient Rome as a symbol of patriotic duty because David supported what French political event? 70.

David became the official painter for what future emperor?

71.

What is an odalisque?

72.

What was new and shocking about the subject matter of Gericault’s Raft

of the Medusa? 73. Briefly explain the difference between “naturalistic” and “dramatic” Romantic landscape painting. Give an example of each. 74. Explain the major difference between the daguerreotype and the calotype. Give an example of each. 75.

Realism stemmed from what French historical event?

76.

Briefly explain what was revolutionary about Courbet’s A Burial at Ornans.

77. 48 points: On a separate sheet of paper (or cardboard or posterboard), draw a timeline depicting the evolution of the various art movements we have studied since the last quiz (listed here in no particular order: Neoclassical, Early Renaissance, Gothic, High Renaissance, Baroque, Realism, Rococo, Romanticism). Include the name, approximate dates, and the title of a specific work of art for each movement. Hint: There is a timeline at the end of each chapter, but you might have to turn to the text for some of the dates. Optional: You can earn up to 10 points extra credit for creativity (making it fun/pretty). Optional: You can earn up to 21 points extra credit for including the other movements we have covered since my first day, October 15, (listed here in no particular order: Romanesque, Byzantine, Late Roman Empire, Roman Republic, Early [Imperial] Christian/Jewish, Early Roman Empire, Early Medieval).