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CH4 He O2
MFC AC power supply
MFC
MFC blow heater
Plasma Reactor
heating tape
Figure 1. Experimental setup
1
GC
hydrotalcite malachite
CuO ZnO
Intensity (a.u.)
oven dried
after calcination
after reaction 10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
o
2θ ( )
(a)
Intensity (a.u.)
hydrotalcite malachite
CuO ZnO
CZA
1%Pt/CZA
3%Ni/CZA 3%Fe/CZA 3%Y/CZA 10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
o
2θ ( ) (b) Figure 2. The XRD patterns of the catalyst (a) the XRD phases change of CZA at various catalyst treatments (b) the uncalcined XRD pattern of CZA as function of various types of metal loading.
2
(a)
(b)
3
(c)
Zn Cu
Cu
Al
Zn Cu Zn
(d) Figure 3. (a-c) SEM surface picture of CZA (a-b) after calcinations (c) after 6 hours plasma reaction (d) EDS elemental analysis
4
3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0
CZA CZAi CZAb Catalyst loading: 0.5 gram
0.5 0.0
0
40
80
120
160
200
Time (minute) Figure 4. Methanol increment selectivity and its stability as comparison between prepared CZA catalyst and commercialized CZA catalysts.
5
Methanol selectivity (%)
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
blank
0.5 gram
1 gram
1.5 gram
Catalyst loading Figure 5. Methanol selectivity as a function of catalyst loading.
6
50
CH4 conversion or CH3OH selectivity (%)
45 40
CH4 conversion
35 30 25
CH3OH selectivity (CZA)
20 15 10
CH3OH selectivity (blank )
5 0
50
100
150
200
Power (Watt) Figure 6. Effect of power supply on the conversion of methane and methanol selectivity
7
Methanol selectivity (%)
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
blank
CZA
1%Pt/CZA 3%Ni/ CZA 3%Fe/ CZA 3%Y/ CZA
Catalyst Figure 7. Effect of various types of metal loading of CZA catalyst on the methanol selectivity
8
MFC AC power supply
MFC
MFC blow heater
Plasma Reactor
heating tape
Figure 1. Experimental setup
1
GC
hydrotalcite malachite
CuO ZnO
Intensity (a.u.)
oven dried
after calcination
after reaction 10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
o
2θ ( )
(a)
Intensity (a.u.)
hydrotalcite malachite
CuO ZnO
CZA
1%Pt/CZA
3%Ni/CZA 3%Fe/CZA 3%Y/CZA 10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
o
2θ ( ) (b) Figure 2. The XRD patterns of the catalyst (a) the XRD phases change of CZA at various catalyst treatments (b) the uncalcined XRD pattern of CZA as function of various types of metal loading.
2
(a)
(b)
3
(c)
Zn Cu
Cu
Al
Zn Cu Zn
(d) Figure 3. (a-c) SEM surface picture of CZA (a-b) after calcinations (c) after 6 hours plasma reaction (d) EDS elemental analysis
4
3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0
CZA CZAi CZAb Catalyst loading: 0.5 gram
0.5 0.0
0
40
80
120
160
200
Time (minute) Figure 4. Methanol increment selectivity and its stability as comparison between prepared CZA catalyst and commercialized CZA catalysts.
5
Methanol selectivity (%)
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
blank
0.5 gram
1 gram
1.5 gram
Catalyst loading Figure 5. Methanol selectivity as a function of catalyst loading.
6
50
CH4 conversion or CH3OH selectivity (%)
45 40
CH4 conversion
35 30 25
CH3OH selectivity (CZA)
20 15 10
CH3OH selectivity (blank )
5 0
50
100
150
200
Power (Watt) Figure 6. Effect of power supply on the conversion of methane and methanol selectivity
7
Methanol selectivity (%)
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
blank
CZA
1%Pt/CZA 3%Ni/ CZA 3%Fe/ CZA 3%Y/ CZA
Catalyst Figure 7. Effect of various types of metal loading of CZA catalyst on the methanol selectivity
8
