Femoraltriangleandcompartmentsofthethigh-180828034823

Lecture 2 : Femoral Triangle By Hermizan Halihanafiah

Femoral Triangle Triangular area Located at

superomedial one third part of the thigh.

The Boundaries It is bounded by: 1. Superiorly by inguinal ligament 2. Medially by medial border of the adductor longus muscle. 3. Laterally by medial border of the sartorius muscle.

The Boundaries  The floor of the femoral

triangle is not flat but gutter – shaped  Its formed from medial to lateral: 1. Adductor longus 2. Pectineus 3. Iliopsoas  Its roof is formed by the fascia lata (deep fascia).

Contents : the femoral nerve

(not contained within the femoral sheath) the femoral artery the femoral vein and great saphenous vein Inguinal lymph nodes (deep group) and associated lymphatic vessels

Clinical Relevance if Femoral Triangle Femoral Pulse Just inferior to where the femoral artery crosses the inguinal ligament, it can be palpated to measure the femoral pulse. The femoral artery crosses exactly midway between the pubis symphysis and anterior superior iliac spine. The presence of a femoral pulse means that blood is reaching the lower extremity

The femoral pulse can

easily be palpated in the femoral triangle, 2 to 3 cm inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament. The head of the femur lies posterior to the femoral artery at this site, making compression of the vessel easy.

Clinical Relevance if Femoral Triangle Access to the Femoral Artery The femoral artery is located superficially within the femoral triangle, and is thus easy to access. This makes it suitable for a range of clinical procedures. One such procedure is coronary angiography. Here, the femoral artery is catheterised with a long, thin tube. This tube is navigated up the external iliac artery, common iliac artery, aorta, and into the coronary vessels. A radio-opaque dye is then injected into the coronary vessels, and any wall thickening or blockages can be visualised via x-ray.

Clinical significance Heavy bleeding in the leg can be stopped

by applying pressure to points in the femoral triangle Allows for femoral venipuncture.

Summary of Femoral Triangle

Muscles that Move the Hip Joint

Fascial Compartment of the Thigh  Thigh muscles basically enclosed by dense of fibrous tissue known as

a deep fascia (fascia lata)  Thigh region consist of three muscles compartment divide by intermuscular septa (extension of fascia lata): i. Anterior compartment ii. Medial compartment iii.Posterior compartment  Each compartment have the similarities of: i. Nerve supply ii. Blood supply iii.Actions

Muscles that Move the Hip Joint Hip Extensor 1. Gluteus maximus 2. Hamstring

Biceps femoris 2. Semitendinosus 3. semimembranosus 1.

Hip Flexor 1. Psoas major 2. Iliacus 3. Pectineus 4. Rectus femoris 5. Sartorius

Muscles that Move the Hip Joint Hip Abductor  Gluteus maximus  Gluteus minimus  Gluteus medius  Tensor fascia latae

Hip Adductor  Adductor longus  Adductor magnus  Adductor brevis  Gracilis  pectineus

Muscles that Move the Hip Joint Hip Medial Rotator  Gluteus medius  Gluteus minimus  Tensor fascia latae  Psoas major  Iliacus

Hip Lateral Rotator  Gluteus maximus  Piriformis  Obturator internus  Obturator externus  Superior gamellus  Inferior gamellus  quadratus