Farming System Research And Advisory Services

Farming system Research and Advisory services

CSR ON FARM (ECF) RESEARCH CENTER IGKV,RMD, COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE & RESEARCH STATION AMBIKAPUR, DISTRICTSURGUJA (C.G.)

Farming system-Concept • Farming System is a complex inter related matrix of soil, plants, animals, implements, power, labour capital and other inputs controlled in part by farming families and influenced to varying degrees by political, economic, institutional and social forces that operate at many levels. • In the farming system, the farm is considered as an entity of inter dependent farming enterprises to be carried out on it (farm). The farm is viewed in a holistic manner. The farmers are subjected to many socioeconomic; biophysical, institutional, administrative and technological constraints.

• The farming system conceptually is a set of elements or components that are interrelated and interact among themselves. At the centre of the interaction is the farmer- exercising control and choice regarding the types of results of interaction.

• The income from cropping alone for small and marginal farm is often insufficient to sustain the farmer’s family. But, under Farming system management a judicious mix of one or more of Suitable enterprises viz. Dairy, Fishery, Piggery, horticulture etc. with agronomic crop, has been initiated to complement the farm income and helping in recycling the farm residues/wastes The selection of enterprises was mainly based on the cardinal principles of minimizing the competition and maximizing the complementary behavior between the enterprises.

• The multi disciplinary approach has been under taken for developing the various farming systems models in accordance with the agro-eco systems in Northern hills zone of CG.

Objectives of FSA : • To develop farm- house hold systems for rural communities on a sustainable basis • To improve efficiency in farm production • To raise farm and family income. • To increase welfare of farm families and satisfy their basic needs. • To create an opportunity for developing diversified models for different type of farmers and different category of farmers. • To bring consequential a complex change through F.S. model developed by On Farm -Research and Extension Programmes.

•

To take the help from Government line department for necessary intervention needed for development of farming systems enterprises.

•

To ensure complements component-oriented approach To ensure active participation of rural communities.

• • • •

Emphasizing understanding of farm house holdcommunity inter linkages. Review constraints and assesses potentials To combine improvements desired from better technology. Timely analysis, planning testing, monitoring and evaluation of programmes for continuous, dynamic

• In view of serious limitations on horizontal expansion of land and agriculture, only alternative left is for vertical expansion through various farm enterprises require less space and time but giving high productivity and ensuring periodic income specially for the small and marginal farmers..

• The following farm enterprises could be combined. • AGRI – LIVESTOCK • AGRI – LIVESTOCK – POULTRY • AGRI – HORT – LIVESTOCK • AGRO – FORESTRY, SILVI – PASTORAL • RICE + FISH • RICE + FISH + MUSHROOM • FLORICULTURE + APIARY (Bee-keeping) • Fishery+ Duckery+ Poultry

• For meaningful execution of integrated farm-enterprises, the following activities have been undertaken by • a multi-disciplinary team and Extension Professional with farmers participation and involvement at all stages.

Through: • Thorough understanding of existing farming systems and their components • Assessment of resource availability in the farm environment and identification of biophysical, socio-economic, institutional, administrative and technological constraints. • Developments of economic viable and efficient integrated farming systems suitable for various Farming conditions.

• Diffusion of improved technology and receiving “feed back” for further improvement of the system as a whole. • Continuous improvement in components technology to fit into a given farming system • Improvement in quality of farming system. • Research-Extension linkage through “On farm Adaptive Research”.

Summary • Due to ever increasing population and decreasing per capita availability of land in India, there is little scope for horizontal expansion of land for food, feed, fuel and fibre production. • Only vertical expansion is possible by integrating various farm enterprises requiring less space and time and ensuring periodic income to the farmer. • The farming system approach, therefore, assumes great importance for sound management of farm resources to enhance farm productivity, reduce the degradation of environmental quality, improve the quality of life of farmers and above all to maintain sustainability in farm production and productivity.

Predominant farming system in the area of operation S. No.

Crop component

Area (ha)

% of farmers

1

Rice

2

Important constraints (not more than prioritized three) leading to low productivity

330.2

100%

(i)

Wheat

41

33.50

(ii) Sub-optimal use of fertilizer

3

Maize

59

79.31

(iii) Use of less productive local

4

Mustard

50.2

28.58

5

Arhar

26.6

52.70

6

Ramtil

43.1

27.10

7

Urd

17.9

34.98

8

Groundnut

13.7

13.79

9

Vegetable

62 (Kharif+Rabi) (54 +8)

30.54

Lack of irrigation

seed and varieties (iv) Lack of proper plant protection measure (weed, insect, pest and disease).

*Total Survey of 208 Farmers were conducted before under taking the FSR Prog.

Other components

Average No.

Total farmers having components

Cow

1.92

135

Buffalo

2.32

53

Goat

4.70

108

Sheep

-

-

Beekeeping

-

-

Poultry

14.34

46

Fishery

1.12

08

Piggery

11.31

19

Wage

40 man days

128

II. Farmers are getting income from different components of farming

Sr. No.

Components

Area/NO.

Av. Income(Rs.)

% age of Total Income

1

CROPS

643 ha crops

7235.00

61.84

2

Cow

1.92

1815.00

10.56

3

Buffalo

2.30

2079.00

2.10

4

Goat

4.70

716.00

3.20

5

Poultry

14.37

1650.00

4.26

6

Piggery

11.3

2708.00

2.22

7

Fishery

1.12

3870.00

1.60

8

Wages & Others Income

40 man-days

2576.00

14.22

Farming System Studies of Small , Medium and large farmers (A) Most Common farming system:- Crops +Dairy

Major crops: Rice, Wheat, Maize, Toria and Groundnut. Vegetables: potato, cabbage, onion, cauliflower, cucurbits etc. Major animals:- Cows and Buffaloes Other Enterprises:- goatary , poultry, fisheries & piggery Orchards:-Mango & Jackfruits, Litchi etc.

Major Constraints:Crops :(i) Use of local or over years old T.L. seed of crop varieties. (ii) Sub- optimal use of fertilizer (iii) Poor plant protection. Dairy :(i) Indegenous low yielding local (2-3 Lit.milk /day) breeds of cows. (ii) Fodder with low Nutritive value-i.e., Rice straw, wheat straw, lack of leguminous green fodder, concentrate, Minerals etc.

Fruit cultivation:• Jackfruit, mango, guava, custard apple & litchi are major fruit plantation of fruit tree species. Even in improved varieties of Mango, Jackfruit & litchi etc. Proper schedules of manuring and fertilizers, Irrigation and Plant protection for proper fruit setting and prevention of fruit drops, are not followed .

Fishery, piggery, Poultry & goatery:• Lack of suitable species/breeds and rearing technique; Low productivity and body weight due to poor feeding and health care.

Farming System’s Model At Farmer’s Fields Adopted Under CSR Farming System Research And Advisory Services, IGKV ECF Center Ambikapur .(C.G.)

research and advisory services, Ambikapur. •

The initial or existing component wise evaluation were made and improvements suggested as intervention were proposed as projected - component wise farming system development programme for each farmers.

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Finally the real progress made by individual farmer in respect of enhancement in income of particular component and over all farming system over existing system were evaluated.

• The farming systems advisory committee consisting of scientists/expert, agronomy, Horticulture, Plant protection, Animal nutrition and Veterinary science was constituted to suggest and monitor the component wise improvement in farming system of adopted farmers. The summarized reports are as given below:

Title: Impact Of Technological Interventions & Advisory Services On Improvement Of Farming Systems Production And Profitability Of Different Categories Of Farmers

EFFECT OF FARMING SYSTEM'S STRENGTHENING PROGRAMME ON FARMERS INCOME S. N

1

Name of the farmers and components

Sailendra Majumdar (FC+Veg.+Orc.+Fish+D)

Component wise income Initial FC+V

O

D

G

P

F/Pig

Total

37950

7700

2500 0

2400

4000

6000

83050

2

Sh. Anil Adhikari (FC+Veg.+O.+D)

98000

8000

-

-

-

-

106000

3

Sh. Dwarika Pd. Kushwaha (FV+O+D)

37500

10500

2000 0

-

-

-

68000

4

Sh. Radhe Gupta (FC+V+D)

60000

2000

2150 0

2000

1000 0

-

95500

5

Sh Indra San Kushwaha (FC+V+D)

52700

-

4000

-

-

-

56700

6

Sh. Ram Prasad (FC+V+G+Pig)

39500

-

-

500

650

13000 (pig)

53650

7

Sh. Kamlesh Gupta (FC+V+O+D+P+G+F)

17000

1000

1200 0

900

1000

-

31900

Farmer name &

Income incr ease d%

Achieved after 2 years-Component wise Income

Components

FC+V

O

1.S. Majumdar

97010

D

G

P

F/Pig.

Total

18950 72960

2500

11000

15000

217420

161

145738

26800 15000

-

-

-

172238

62

154570

14200 66000

-

-

-

234770

245

193280

7000

49500

4500

32000

-

286280

199

5

Indra San Kushwaha (FC+V+D)

121825

-

16000

-

-

-

137825

143

6. Ram Prasad

110440

-

-

2300

4600

18500 (pig)

135840

153

61800

1000

842000

4500

43000

64000

1015300

3082

(FC+Veg.+O rc.+Fish+D

2 . Anil Adhikari (FC+Veg.+O.+D)

3. Dwarika Pd. Kushwaha (FV+O+D)

4. Radhe Gupta (FC+V+D)

(FC+V+G+Pig)

7. Kamlesh Gupta (FC+V+O+D+P+

EFFECT OF FARMING SYSTEM'S STRENGTHENING PROGRAMME ON FARMERS INCOME & CROPPING INTENSITY S. N

Name of the farmers Income (Rupees) Initial Achiev and component ed

1

Sailendra Majumdar (FC+Veg.+Orc.+Fish+D)

Cropping Intensity(%) Increse (%)

Initial

Achieve d

Incres e (%)

83050

217420

161

118

207

75

2

Sh. Anil Adhikari (FC+Veg.+O.+D)

106000

172238

62

207

259

25

3

Sh. Dwarika Pd. Kushwaha (FV+O+D)

68000

234770

245

200

256

28

4

Sh. Radhe Gupta (FC+V+D)

95500

286280

199

130

161

24

5

Sh Indra San Kushwaha (FC+V+D)

56700

137825

143

262

275

5

6

Sh. Ram Prasad (FC+V+G+Pig)

53650

135840

153

138

190

29

7

Sh. Kamlesh Gupta (FC+V+O+D+P+G+F)

31900

1015300

3082

107

172

60

PACKAGE FOR NUTRITION & HEALTH CARE FOR ANIMAL COMPONENTS S.No Animal Component s

1.

CowBuffalos

Animal Components

Nutrition & health care package

Before

After

Average milk 6.8Lit./per day Average bodyweight

Average 9.5 Liter milk per day

Concievement/dry period

irregular & poor

proper & regular

Productivity Growth/development

(increased 25%)

Sound growth & body weight

2.

Calf

Mortality %

Higher (50 60%)

Minimum (10 to 15%)

3.

Poultry

Mortality % Body wt. in one month

30 to 40% 0.5 to 0.6 kg

5 to 10% 0.9 to 1.2 kg

4.

Goat

Mortality % Growth Productivity

Higher 30% Poor 01 each

Low 5-10% Healthy (25% higher body weight)

PACKAGE FOR NUTRITION & HEALTH CARE FOR ANIMAL COMPONENTS S/No

Animal component

No

Package/Nutritional supplement

1.

Cow

26

Nutrition : Syrp. Ostovate + Vimerol (100+60ml)/day/ animal Min.Mix. Chelated Agriminefort 30gm/animal/day

Buffalos

09

Dewarming : Tab. Panacar 1.5gm x 2 each animal

Total

35

Feeds & Fodders : Chari, Barseem Oat, Maize grain, Oil cakes

Calf

16

Nutrition : Syrp. Ostovate + Vimerol (20ml/day)

2.

Dewarming : Albomar 10ml each/day

. 3

Poultry

200

Syrp. Vimerol 5ml per liter water Oxitetra cycline 5gm per liter water

Suitable Cropping systems for Remunerative production Cropping Maize Cabbage Potato Onion sys. Sowing/T April 10th June 20th Sept. 20th January 5th P Variety Pro-agro Laurel/Ba Early Jawahar Royal 4212 har Selection-1 Spacing 50x25 50x30 50x20 15x10 (cm) Fertilizer 80:50:30 120:80:50 120:80:50 120:80:50 NPK kg/ha Micronutrients - Zinc sulphate 25kg + Multiplex - 50kg/ha. FYM 10-15 ton/ha ton/ha

Croppin Chilli g sys. Sowing/ 10 March TP Variety Tejashwani/ CM-Hot/ Godawari Spacing 80x50 (cm) NPK 120:100:80 kg/ha

Green Wheat Maize pea 15 20 Dece. 15 April Sept. Golden Vidisha 4212 (GC) /Aric le 30x10 20cm 50x20

30:60:2 100:60:4 80:50:30 0 0 Zinc sulphate 30kg + Multiplex -

Micronutrients 100kg FYM 20 ton/ha

Croppin g sys.

Maize

Sowing/T 10 June P Variety Pro-agro 4212 Spacing (cm)

50x25

Fertilizer 80:50:3 NPK 0 kg/ha FYM 10-15 ton/ha Yield q/ha 150 Aprox Cost System 50000.00

Toria

Wheat

Maize

15 Sept.

20 Dece.

15 April

JT-1

Vidisha

Pro-agro4212

30R-R

20R-R

50x20

80:50:30

100:60:40

80:50:30

-

-

-

10

35

150

Rs. -

Agronomic Management practices for increased production of sugarcane. Objective : To increase the yield by addressing the most important (Limiting) factor no.-1 responsible for low yield i.e., improved variety and constraint No.2 ie. use of recommended dose of fertilizer for sugarcane.

T1 T2 T3 T4

Farmers practice (local variety and less fertilizer 80:48:24 NPK kg/ha) T1(Farmers practice )+ use of improved variety –Co 8201. T1(Farmers practice) + recommended dose of fertilizer200:80:100 NPK kg/ha. All the recommended package of practices , i.e. improve variety + recommended fertilizer + Integrated nutrients (Zinc Sulphate @25kg/ha) and weed management (Atrazine 1.5Kg a.i./ha) etc.

Economical analysis of sugarcane production under different treatments .

T1-FP

T2-FP+IV

ARP

69.62 75900 33300 42600

T3FP+R F 98.50 108350 34700 73650

48.20 53020 28400 24620 0.87 -

1.27 17980

2.12 49030

2.55 88260

Treatments Yield (T/ha) Income(Rs./ha) Cost (Rs./ha) Net Income(Rs./ha) B/C Ratio Additional Net income overFP

143.80 157180 44300 112880

FP-Farmers Practice, IV-Improved Variety, RF-Recommended Fertilizer,

Economical Analysis and Yield Attributes of Sugarcane under different treatments .

T1-FP

T2-FP+IV

48.20 4.10 1.25 24620

69.62 5.6 1.57 42600

Treatments Yield (T/ha) Tillers/hill Weight/Can (kg) NetIncome (Rs/ha)

T3FP+R F 98.50 6.90 1.70 73650

ARP

143.80 8.80 2.36 112880

B/C Ratio 0.87 1.27 2.12 2.55 Additional Net 17980 49030 88260 FP-Farmers incomePractice, overFP IV-Improved Variety, RF-Recommended Fertilizer, ARF-All Recommended Packages & Practices Price cane-Rs. 1000/ton

Other profitable systems ( Intensive) • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1. Cabbage-Potato-Onion-Maize + Cowpea 2. Maize-Cabbage-Potato-Onion-Cowpea 3. Chilli -Table pea –Onion -Maize +Cowpea 4. Cabbage-Cauliflower-Onion-Maize+Cowpea 5. Colocasia -Cabbage-Onion-Cucurbits 6. Maize-Brinjal 7. Maize-Potato-Tomato-Onion+Cowpea 8. Rice-Tomato-Onion-Maize+Cowpea 9. Ginger-Onion-Maize. Common Systems: 1. Rice-Wheat-Moong 2. Maize-Toria-Wheat 3. Maize-Tablepea-Maize

Maize Based Cropping Systems

Maize-Tomato at adopted (FS)Farmers Field

Rice Based Cropping Systems

A View Of Field Day

Maize Based Cropping Systems

PERFORMANCE OF HYB. RICE PRO-6201 UNDER RICE BASED CROPPING SEQUENCE

RESPONSE OF MAJOR NUTRIENTS IN RICE-WHEAT SEQUENCE

MAIZE BASED CROPPING SEQUENCE

MAIZE-WHEAT SYSTEM

A VIEW OF OILSEED CROPS

TABLE PEA-AJAD PEA-1

Agronomical Management In Groundnut-Wheat System

Maize based Cropping System

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VISIT OF Dr.M.S. GILL TO FARMERS UNDER F.S R. AMBIKAPUR(ECF)

VISIT OF Dr.M.S. GILL ,DIRECTOR-PDCSR

.

TO FARMERS UNDER F.S R.AMBIKAPUR(ECF)

Visit Of Hon' able Vice Chancellor Dr. C.R. Hazra

Visit Of Hon' able Vice Chancellor Dr. C.R. Hazra