Falaccies

 A fallacy is a bad argument that may seem to be

correct but is rendered defective by an error in the reasoning.

 A fallacy is a kind of error in reasoning. Fallacies

should not be persuasive. Fallacies may be created unintentionally, or they may be created intentionally in order to deceive other people.

 It involves sneaking doubtful or false premises

into the argument, presuming something is true when it is not true.

It is also called accident It goes from some statement that is often true to

a statement about some particular thing to which because of its special circumstances, the statement does not apply. Example:

Cutting people with a knife is a crime. Surgeons cut people with knives. Surgeons are criminals

 Christians generally dislike atheists. You are a

Christian, so you must dislike atheists.  Men are statistically more aggressive than women.  Therefore I am male, must be more aggressive than you, a female.  Women earn less than men earn for doing the

same work. Miss Samia is a woman. Therefore Miss Samia earns less than male talkshow hosts.

 In this fallacy we simply assume the truth of what

we supposed to be trying to prove.  It often involves saying the something in two

different ways.

 Studying too much for a test is often confusing,

for the reason that if you study too much the material you are trying to master is no longer clear.  We know that God exists because the Bible tells

us so. And we know that the Bible is true because it is the word of God.  “Freedom of speech is an essential right in a free

society, since everyone should have the right to express him or herself with complete freedom.”

 This is a simple trick.  Also known as presupposition, "trick question"  It involves phrasing the question in such a way

that answering it commits the other person to a certain hidden presumption.  This argument is usually intended to trap the

respondent into acknowledging something that he or she might otherwise not want to acknowledge

 Is my opponent prepared to renounce negative

advertising?”  Have you stopped using drug?  Have you tried to stop watching too much television?  Did you ever give up your evil ways?"   Have you stopped beating your wife yet?”  Have you stopped cheating on exams?  Are you going to admit that you’re wrong

 Also called false dilemma  In

this fallacy we presume that on a given question there are only two opposite positions, with no middle ground.  Strictly speaking, the prefix "di" in "dilemma" means "two".  A very common trick it seems to clarify and simplify but in fact tends to warp and confuse everything.  False dilemma can arise intentionally, when fallacy is used in an attempt to force a choice ("If you are not with us, you are against us.") But the fallacy can arise simply by accidental omission—

 You don't want to put sun cream on? What, you'd

rather have cancer?!"  "Slow down or you'll kill someone  Well, it's time for a decision. Will you contribute $10 to our environmental fund, or you on the side of environmental destruction?  Either man was created, as the Bible tells us, or he evolved from inanimate chemicals by pure random chance, as scientists tell us. The latter is incredibly unlikely, so ..."  If you don’t love America then just get the hell out.

 The fallacy of false cause presumes that if event A

happened before event B, event A must have caused event B. This is of course not true. Just because event B follows event A, that doesn’t prove that A caused B; something else might have caused B.  The

fallacy committed mistakenly attempt to connection.

when an argument establish a causal

 It also involves superstitions.

 The moon was full on Thursday evening.

On Friday morning I overslept. Therefore, the full moon caused me to oversleep  "You should go to Harvard, because Harvard graduates make more money."   “She got sick after she visited China, so something in China caused her sickness.”  "Napoleon became a great emperor because he was so short."  A black cat crossed Joe's path yesterday, and he died last night from the bad luck.”