Fact Finding

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

trSmpm umv=um±Snpf mG awmufavmifcahJ om jrefrmEdik if . H jynfwiG ;f ppfumv twGi;f t=urf;zufc&H r_rsKd ;pHu k kd trsKd ;orD;rsm; &ifqikd cf pH m;&aomfvnf; xdt k jzpf tysuftm;vHk;udk ta=umif;trsdK;rdsK;a=umifh pHkprf;rSwfwrf;wifr_r±SdcJh=uyg? trsdK; orD;rsm;. a=uuJGp&mtjzpfqdk;rsm;rSm vlrodolrodESifh aysmufuG,fcJh=u&onf? e,fpyfa'orsm;wGif vlŒtcGifhta&;oifwef;rsm;udk vdkufvHydkŒcsonfh tcsdef twGi;f vlŒtcGit hf a&;apmif=h uyfrE_ iS hf ywfoufonft h a=umif;udk oD;oefŒa&;om; &ef rdrdtm; rdwfaqGrsm;u 0dkif;0ef;t}uHay;cJh=uygonf? xdkodkŒ vlŒtcGihfta&; apmif=h uyfrE_ iS yhf wfoufI rdr. d tawGŒtóuHrsm;udk cJaG 0vdo k nfq h EN±cdS ahJ omfvnf; ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK;a=umifh ra&;om;EdkifcJhyg? Asian Center For Women’s Human Rights (ASCENT) tzJŒG ESihf yl;aygi;f ðyvkyc f ahJ om “vufeufuikd yf ÉdyuQrsm;twGi;f ±Sd trsd K ;orD ; rsm;tay: vl Œ tcG i f h t a&;csd K ;azmuf r _ rS w f w rf ; wif j cif ; tvk y f ± H k aqG;aEG;yJG” t+yD;wGif xdkaqG;aEG;yJGrSaqG;aEG;csufrsm;udktajccHI pmtkyfwtkyf a&;om;xkwfa0&ef qHk;jzwfcJhygonf? t"dutm;jzifh trsdK;orD;ESifh vlŒtcGifh ta&;csKd ;azmufr_ owif;rsm;tm; pkaqmif;/ rSww f rf;wif/ tpD&ifc/H vHŒ_ aqmfrr_ sm; vkyu f ikd af eaom jrefrmEdik if rH S vlŒtcGit hf a&;v_y±f mS ;olrsm;twGuf rdrt d awGŒtóuH udk wwfEikd o f a±GŒr#a0Edik &f eftjyif t=urf;zufcH trsKd ;orD;rsm;tm; ulnu D muG,f r_rsm; ay:aygufvmap&ef &nf±G,fygonf? ,ckpmtkyfwGif vufeufudkifyÉdyuQtwGif;±Sd trsdK;orD;rsm;. vlŒtcGifh ta&; csKd ;azmufc&H r_rsm;tay: pHpk rf;ppfaq;r_tm; t"duxm; a&;om;xm;aomf vnf; vlŒtcGifhta&; csdK;azmufr_rsm;ESifhywfoufI vkyfudkifaeaom olrsm; tm;vHk;twGufyg tusdK;±SdEdkifrnf[kar#mfvifhygonf? Tpmtkyfjzifh jrefrmEdkifiHrS trsdK;orD;tcGifhta&;rsm;twGuf wdkufyJG0ifv_yf±Sm;aeaom trsdK;orD;rsm; tm;vHk;udk *k%fðytyfygonf? xdkŒjyif ,ckpmtkyfa&;om;xkwfa0Edkifa&;twGuf

1

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

tm;ay;cJah om ASECENT rS Ms. Indai Sajor ESihf xdik ;f jrefrmyl;aygi;f qufqaH &; aumfrwD (Thai-Burma Cord.) wdkŒtm;txl;yifaus;Zl;wif±Sdygonf? Tpmtkyf a&;om;csd e f twG i f ; rd r d t m; 0d k i f ; 0ef ; ul n D a y;cJ h , H k r u pd w f y d k i f ; qd k i f & mjzif h txl;tm;ay;cJah om vlŒtcGit hf a&;ynmay;Xme (HREIB) rSvyk af zmfuikd zf ufrsm; tm;vHk;udkvnf; aus;Zl;wif±Sda=umif; rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf?

atmifrsdK;rif; 'g±dkufwm vlŒtcGifhta&;ynmay;Xme {+yDv 2001 ckESpf

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vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

“vlŒtcGifhta&;tcsuftvufpkaqmif;r+vufpJG” vufeufudkifyÉdyQatmufrS trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: tcGit hf a&;csdK;azmufrt _ m; pHpk rf;azmfxw k jf cif; How to Investigate, Document and Report Women’s Human Rights Violations Prepared and written by: Aung Myo Min Director Human Rights Education Institute of Burma (HREIB) P.O.Box 37 Chaing Mai University Post Office Chaing Mai 50202 Email: [email protected] -

April 2001 2,000 copies Bangkok, Thailand This publication is supported by Thai Action Committee for Democracy in Burma (TACDB) 90 Soi U-omsin Jaransanitwong 40 Rd, Bangyeekhan, Bangplaad, Bangkok,10700 E-mail : [email protected]

3

rmw dum

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

tcef; (1) vufeufudkifyÉdyuQppfyJGrsm;ESifhtrsdK;orD;rsm; 5 tcef; (2) vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f mt=urf;zufr_

(Sexual Violence)

15

tcef; (3) EdkifiHwumOya'rsm; 20 tcef; (4) vlŒtcGit hf a&;apmif=h uyfjcif;

(Human Rights Monitoring)

24

tcef; (5) pHpk rf;ppfaq;jcif; (Investigation) 26 tcef; (6) rSww f rf;wifjcif;

(Documentation)

53

aemufqufwJGazmif 60 tcef; (7) tpD&ifcjH cif;

4

(Reporting)

61

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

tcef; (1) vufeufudkifyÉdyQppfyJGrsm;ESifhtrsdK;orD;rsm; vufeufudkif yÉdyuQrsm;twGif;wGif trsdK;orD;ESifh trsdK;om;wdkŒonf vlŒtcGit hf a&; csKd ;azmufrr_ sKd ;pHw k Œkd udk &ifqikd cf pH m;=u&onf[k qdv k ifu h pm; trsKd ; orD;rsm;onf ‚if;wdkŒ. vdifuJGjym;r_a=umifh trsdK;om;rsm;xuf vdifuJGjym;r_udk tajccHaom vlŒtcGit hf a&; csKd K;azmufrr_ sm;udk &ifqikd óf uHawGŒ&wwfonf? trs;kd orD;rsm;jzpfaoma=umifh t"rRðyusifhjcif;/ vdifaus;u|eftjzpf apcdkif;cH&jcif;wdkŒ onf trsKd ;orD;rsm;awGŒóuH&wwfonfh trsKd ;orD;tcGit hf a&; csKd ;azmufc&H r_rsm; xJrS vlodrsm;=uaom csdK;azmufr_rsm;jzpfonf? vdifuJGjym;r_udktajccHonfh trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: vlŒtcGifhta&; csdK;azmufr_rsm;rSm ppfyJG[lI pwifay:ayguf vmuwnf;u jzpfymG ;cJah omfvnf; xdv k Œl tcGit hf a&;csKd ;azmufjcif;onf vufeuf udkifppfyJGrsm;twGif; txl;us,fus,fjyefŒjyefŒusL;vGefcHae&aom tjzpfqdk;rsm; jzpfa=umif;udk r=umao;ciftcsdefurS EdkifiHwumu vufcHcJhonf? a±S;umv ya0\%Duwnf;u ppfyrGJ sm;twGi;f trsKd ;orD;rsm;tm;t"rRusirhf r_ sm; axmifykH &myHk&SdcJhaomfvnf; EdkifiHwumu xdkjypfr_rsm;udk ppf&mZ0wfr_rsm;tjzpf rrSwf ,lcahJ y? xdŒk twGuaf =umifh ukvor*~. trsKd ;orD;rsm; t=urf;zufrq _ ikd &f m txl; pHkprf;ppfaq;a&;t&m±Sdu “trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; t"rRusifhr_onf vltrsm;u jypfwif±w _ cf sr_ tenf;yg;qH;k aom ppf&mZ0wfr”_ jzpfonf[k olr. tpD&ifcpH m xJwGif xnfhoGif;a&;om;cJhonf? trsdK;orD;tcGifhta&; csdK;azmufr_[kqdkvdkufv#if trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; t"rRrk'def;usifhr_ wrsdK;udkom csufcsif;awG;rdavh±Sdonf? odkŒaomf vufeufudkif yÉdyuQtcsdeftwGif; vdifuJGjym;r_tay:tajccHaom t=urf;zufr_rsm;pGm ±Sdao; onf? 1993 ckEpS f 'DZifbmvuusi;f ycJah om urBmu h v k or*~taxGaxG nDvmcH u twnfðyjyXmef;cJo h nfh trsKd ;orD;rsm;tm; t=urf;zufry_ aysmufa&; a=unm pmwrf;wGif trsdK;orD;rsm;tm;t=urf;zufr_qdkonfrSm “trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; ±kyfydkif;/ pdwfydkif;ESifh vdifydkif;qdkif&mtE &W m,fjzpfapaom/ temw& cHpm;apaom/

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vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

cHpm;ap&rnf[lI +cdrf;ajcmufr_rsm;tygt0if ajcmufvSefŒodrf;oGif;r_rsm;/ ‚if;wdkŒ . vGwfvyfr_rsm;tm;rw&m;z,f±Sm;r_rsm; jzpfapr_/ xdkodkŒjzpfapEdkifavmufonfh f & apmfum; tðytrlrsm; tm;vH;k ” [k t"dym` ,fziG q hf x kd m;onf? xdŒk a=umifh vdit cH&rnf[laom +cdrf;ajcmufr_/ trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; tca=u;ay;I aysmfyg;Edkifap&ef apcdkif;r_/ vdifydkif;qdkif&maESmuf,Sufr_/ t"rRjynfhwefqmtjzpf oGyfoGif;r_wdkŒ rSmvnf; vdifuJGjym;r_udktajccHaomtrsdK;orD;rsm;tay: t=urf;zufr_jzpfonf? vd i f u J G j ym;r_ o uf o uf o mr[k w f b J trsd K ;orD ; rsm; usif v nf t ouf ± S i f & m ywf0ef;usiftwGif;wGif trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; edrfhusaom vlwef;pm;tjzpf ±_jrif aomtjrifrsm;ESihf wqifah tmufusaomvlwef;pm;tjzpf owfrw S af om wefz;kd xm;r_wdkŒuvJ xdkodkŒt=urf;zufr_rsm;jzpfyGm;atmif wenf;wzHk wGef;tm;ay; vsuf±Sda=umif; avhvmawGŒ±Sd&onf? vufeufudkifyÉdyuQrsm;twGif;±Sd trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: vdifydkif;qdkif&m t=urf;zufrt _ m; ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;a=umifh usL;vGecf =hJ ua=umif; avhvm awGŒ±Sd &onf? yxrOD;qHk;ta=umif;rSm trsdK;orD;rsm;. vdifuJGjym;r_ESifh ‚if;wdkŒtay: vdifcJGjcm;onfhtjrifrsm;a=umifh jzpfonf? vdifuJGjym;r_ wckxJomru “vdif uJ G j ym;aom trsd K ;orD ; rsm;ud k t=urf ; zuf I &onf / vd i f t &tjrwf x k w f I &onf” [laom vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f mtjriftpJrG sm;u usL;vGeo f rl sm;udk vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m t=urf ; zuf r _ r sm; usL;vG e f a p&ef t"d u tm;ay;tm;ajr‡ m uf ð yaeonf ? trsdK;orD;rsm;udk bufvdkufaomtjriftpJGrsm;±Sdxm;aom ywf0ef;usifrsdK;wGif vufeufudkifyËdyuQjzpfyGm;ygu trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: vdifydkif;qdkif&m t=urf; zufr_rsm; ydkrdkrsm;jym;onfudk awGŒjrifEdkifonf? xdkodkŒjzpf&jcif;rSm txufwGif azmfjycJhaom trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: cJGjcm;zdESdyfonfh tjrifrsm;. wGef;tm;ay;r_ a=umifh[k oHk;oyfEdkifonf? trsKd ;orD;rsm;tm; vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f mt=urf;zufjcif;. 'kw, d ta=umif;rSm ‚if;wdŒk ywfoufaeaom trsKd ;om;rsm;a=umifjh zpfonfukd awGŒ&onf? trsKd ;orD; rsm;. zcif/ tudk/ armifESifh aqGrsdK;rsm;onf vufeufudkiftzJGŒrsm;u rvdkvm; rESpfoufolrsm;/ qefŒusifzufwzufuvlrsm;jzpfaeonfhtwGuf ‚if;wdkŒESifh

6

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

oufqdkifywfoufaeaom trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: vdifydkif;qdkif&m t=urf;zufr_rsm; usL;vGefwwf=uonf? wwd,ta=umif;tcsufrSm trsdK;orD;rsm;. vlr_a&;/ bmoma&;/ wdik ;f &if;om; rsKd ;EG,jf zpfrw _ Œkd a=umifh t=urf;zufc&H jcif;jzpfonf? vlrsKd ;EG,f wpkEiS hf wpkt=um;/ bmoma&;uJGjym;onfh tkyfpkwpkESifhwpkt=um; vufeufudkif yÉdyuQrsm;jzpfonfhtcg xdkvlrsdK;EG,f0if/ bmoma&;tkyfpk0iftrsdK;orD;rsm;tay: ypfrSwfxm;I vdifydkif;qdkif&m t=urf;zufapmfum;avh±Sd=uonf? ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK;a=umifh vdifydkif;qdkif&m t=urf;zufr_usL;vGefovdk &nf±, G cf sut f rsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh usL;vGew f wfonfuv kd J awGŒ±S&d onf? trsKd ;orD;rsm;tm; vdifydkif;qdkif&m t=urf;zufr_rsm; usL;vGefvdkufjcif;jzifh a'otwGif;±Sd jynfol tm;vH k ; wk e f v _ y f a jcmuf j cm;oG m ;+yD ; e,f a jrtwG i f ; ppf a &;t& xd r f ; csKyf r _ atmifjrifEikd rf nf[al om &nf±, G cf sujf zifh vkyaf qmifwwfonf? xdkoŒkd usL;vGerf _ rsdK;udk yÉdyuQppfyJGrsm;twGif; trsm;qHk;awGŒjrifEdkifonf? xdkodkŒusL;vGefvdkuf jcif;jzifh xdt k rsKd ;orD;rsm;ESihf ywfoufaeaom vlrsKd ;wl/ bmomwltrsKd ;om;rsm; taejzifh olwdkŒ.trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: olwdkŒumuG,fr_ray;Edkifygvm;[laom tawG;rsdK;ay:ayguf+yD; pdwf"mwfusqif;ap&eftwGuf wrif&nf±G,fonfhtcgvJ ±So d nf? xdŒk tjyif trsKd ;orD;rsm;xHrS ‚if;wdŒk ESiyhf wfoufaeaom trsKd ;om;rsm;. owif;ud&k ±Sad p&ef &nf±, G I f ESyd pf uft=urf;zufapmfum;jcif;rsKd ;vJ ±Sw d wfonf? xdkr#rubJ vlrsdK;pkwpkvHk;aoG;aESmI rsdK;wkef;oGm;apvdkaom &nf±G,fcsufjzifh trsdK;orD;rsm;udk pepfwus vdifydkif;qdkif&m t=urf;zufapmfum;onfudkvJ awGŒhjrifEdkifonf? abmfpeD;,m;yÉdyuQtwGif; qmhAfppfom;rsm;u qmhAfvlrsdK; r[kwaf om trsKd ;orD;rsm;udk ypfrw S x f m;I vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m t=urf;zufc=hJ uonf? xd k o d k Œ t=urf ; zuf a pmf u m;jcif ; jzif h qmh A f v l r sd K ;r[k w f a om vl r sd K ;rsm;rS m aoG;aESmcH&+yD; vlrsdK;uG,faysmufoGm;ap&ef ppfa&;t&AsL[mcs vkyfaqmifaom vkyf&yfjzpfonf? vlrsdK;pkwpkvHk;aoG;aESmI aysmufuG,fap&eftwGuf AsL[mcs vkyaf qmif&mwGif qmhApf pfom;rsm;u olwŒkd vlrsKd ;r[kwaf omolrsm; aexdik o f nfh ±Gmrsm;twGif;odkŒ 0ifa&mufI vltrsm;a±SŒwGif trsdK;orD;rsm;udk t"rRðyusifh=u

7

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

onf? xdo k wif;rsm;ysŒH ESŒH oGm;aomtcg xdak 'otwGi;f a±S;ya0o%Duwnf;u aexdkifaeaomvlrsm;onf a=umuf±GHŒwkefv_yfum xdkae&mrsm;rS ab;vGwf&m ae&mopfodkŒ xGufajy;ukef=uonf? xdkenf;jzifh a'oudk tvG,fwul odrf;ydkuf Ed k i f o vd k qmh A f v l r sd K ;rsm;r[k w f a om tjcm;vl r sd K ;rsm;ud k a'otwG i f ; u armif;xkwfEdkifcJhonf? xdkr#rubJ zrf;qD;rdaom xdkvlrsdK;pk0if trsdK;orD;rsm;udk tusO;f pcef;wGicf sKyfaESmifI t}udr}f udrrf 'k ed ;f usichf =hJ uonf? vlrqefpmG qufqrH _ a=umifh trsdK;orD;rsm;pGmrSm tusOf;pcef;wGif aoqHk;cJh=u&±Smonf? raoqHk;bJ usef±Sdaeolrsm;xJrSm udk,f0ef&±SdoGm;olrsm;udk arG;zGm;vkqJqJ aeŒaphvaphtcsdef txd xyfjyefwvJvJ t"rRusijhf yefonf? aemufq;kH uk, d 0f efukd zsuq f ;D Ir&awmh bJ rjzpfraearG;zGm;&awmhrnfh tcsdefa&mufrSom jyefvnf v$wfay;avh±Sdonf? xdt k rsKd ;orD;rsm;rSm rdrq d ENrygbJ ud, k 0f efaqmifI arG;zGm;vmcJah om aoG;aESmae onfh &ifaoG;rsm;ESifh b0udk qufvufav#mufvSrf; =u&awmhonf? wcgw&HwiG rf l rdrw d Œkd ESi&hf ifqikd w f u kd cf u kd af eaom &eforl sm;tm; rke;f wD;r_/ emusn;f r_rsm; wd;k yGm;ap&eftwGuf 0g'jzefŒonfh &nf±, G cf sujf zifh vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m t=urf;zufrr_ sm;udk xkwjf yefa=unmonfvnf; ±Sad o;onf? trsKd ;orD;rsm;tm; t=urf;zufcH&aom om;aumiftjzpf yHkazmfI olwdkŒtay: usL;vGefonfh rdrd. &efoltay: tjcm;olrsm;u rkef;wD;emusnf;ap&ef &nf±G,fcsufoufoufjzifh vkyfaqmifonfudk r=umc%awGŒ&wwfonf? 0g'jzefŒ&nf±G,fcsuf oufouf jzifhom azmfxkwfjcif;jzpf+yD; trSefwu,fusL;vGefaom olrsm;udk tjypfay; ta&;,l&ef &nfreS ;f csurf ygbJ jzpfwwfonf? xdo k Œkd vkyaf qmifjcif;onf t=urf; zuf apmfum;cH&ol trsKd ;orD;rsm;. epfemcsuu f kd ulnaD qmif±u G af y;&eftwGuf &nf±, G jf cif;r[kwb f J rdr. d 0g'jzefŒcsaD &;twGuf xdak pmfum;cH&onfh trsKd ;orD;rsm; udk xyfrt H oH;k ðyjcif;jzpfonft h wGuf aumif;rGeaf om &nf±, G cf su[ f k rqdEk ikd af y? vuf e uf u d k i f yÉd y uQ w ck j zpf o nf E S i f h wòyd i f e uf trsd K ;orD ; rsm;ES i f h trsdK;om;rsm;rSm 'kuQa&muf&p+rJyif? ppfyJGrsm;t=um; usD;vefŒpmpm; aexdkif ae&jcif;/ wdu k yf rGJ sm;twGi;f rS toufvx k u G af jy;&jcif;/ ESpzf ufwyfrsm;u zrf;qD; ESyd pf ufjcif;/ w&m;Oya'rJh owfjzwfjcif;ponfwŒkd rSm trsKd ;orD;ESihf trsKd ;om;wdŒk

8

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

ESpOf ;D pvH;k óuHawGŒ&aomtjzpfq;kd rsm;jzpfonf? xdrk #ru vufeufuikd f yÉdyuQrsm; a=umifh jynfolwdkŒtvkyftudkifysufjcif;/ pm;eyf&duQmrsm; rvHkravmufjzpfjcif; rsm;udk trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifh trsdK;om;rsm; &ifqdkif=u&wwfonf? odŒk aomf trsKd ;orD;rsm;jzpfaoma=umifh trsKd ;om;rsm;xuf vufeufuikd f yËdyuQrsm;. qdk;usdK;udk ydkrdkcHpm;&onfhtjzpfrsm;vnf;±Sdao;onf? EdkifiHwum vufeufuikd yf ÉdyuQwiG jf zpfap/ jynfwiG ;f vufeufuikd yf ÉdyuQwiG jf zpfap trsKd ;orD; rsm;rSm vdifydkif;t=urf;zufr_tE W&m,fudk tcsdefra±G; &ifqdkifóuHawGŒEdkifonf? vufeufudkifyÉdyuQtwGif; trsdK;orD;rsm; óuHawGŒ&aom tjzpfrsm;onf wOD; ESifhwOD; waoGrwdrf;wlnDr_r±SdEdkifaomfjim;vnf; a,bl,swlnDr_rsm; ±Sdonfudk pdwf0ifpm;zG,fawGŒ±Sd&onf? urBmay:±Sd trsdK;orD;trsm;pkonf ‚if;rdom;pk. aeŒw"l0udpPrsm;udk &ifqdkifajz±Sif;&onfh tdrfaxmif±Sifrrsm; jzpf=uonf? ppfyJG jzpfaeonfhtcsdefjzpfap/ ppfyJGrjzpfonfhtcsdefjzpfap tdrfr_udpP t00udk udkifwG,f ajz±S i f ; aqmif ± G u f o l r sm;rS m trsd K ;orD ; rsm;omjzpf o nf ? vuf e uf u d k i f yËdyuQjzpfymG ;onfEiS w hf òydief uf rdom;pktwGuf wm0ef,x l m;&aom trsKd ;orD; tzdkŒ taESmifht,Sufrsm;udk pwifóuHawGŒ&awmhonf? ppfyJGrsm; rjzpfrDu trsd K ;orD ; rsm;. wm0ef t jzpf owf r S w f x m;cH & aom td r f a xmif x d r f; od r f ; a&;qdik &f m aeŒw"l0vkyif ef;rsm;udk ppfyrGJ sm;twGi;f vkyu f ikd af qmif±u G &f ef tcuf tcJ}uD;pGmóuHawGŒ&onf? xif;acGa&cyfpaom aeŒpOfwm0efrsm;udk ppfyJGtwGif; xrf;aqmif&ef trsKd ;orD;rsm; tcuftcJawGŒ&awmhonf? ppfyrGJ sm; twGi;f rdb armifzmG ;rsm; aoqH;k oGm;ygu ,cifu xdo k rl sm; wm0ef,x l m;aom vkyif ef;rsm; rSm trsdK;orD;rsm;tay:odkŒ 0efxkwf0efydk;rsm;tjzpf pkòyHusa&mufvmawmhonf? rdom;pktouf±Sifa&;twGuf vdktyfaom xif;/ a&/ tpm;tpmESifh tjcm; vdktyfaom t&mrsm;&±Sd&eftwGuf rdrdwdkŒ aexdkifusifvnf&m ae&ma[mif;rS rdrdwdkŒtwGufvHkòcHr_&±SdEdkifrnfh tjcm;aus;±Gm odkŒr[kwf ae&mopf odkŒr[kwf 'kuQonfpcef;qDodkŒ rjzpfraea±GŒajymif;&onf? pcef;jyifyodkŒxGufI rdom; pktwGuf vdktyfaomt&mrsm; ±SmazGpOf trsdK;orD;rsm;onf vlqdk;"m;jy rsm;/ ppfom;rsm;/ tjcm;'kuo Q nfrsm;. apmfum;r_ukd óuHawGŒEdik o f nf? rdom;pk twGuf vdktyfonfrsm;udk ±SmazGaom xdktrsdK;orD;rsm;tzdkŒ vufeufudkiftzJGŒ rsm;.

9

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

owfjzwfr_/ ajrjr‡yfrdkif;rsm;eif;rdI xdcdkuf'%f&m&r_rsm;udkvJ &ifqdkifEdkifonf? 'kuQonfpcef;twGif; vdktyfaom pm;eyf&duQmrsm; &rnf[laom ta=umif;jy csufjzifh wm0ef±Sdolrsm;u trsdK;orD;rsm;udk aoG;aqmifzsm;a,mif;I zsufqD;r_ rsm;vJ óuHawGŒEdik o f nf? xdrk #ru pcef;twGi;f pm;eyf&u d mQ / aq;0g;/ aq;ynmay; r_rsm; rvHak vmufra_ =umifh trsKd ;orD;rsm;tzdŒk &ifaoG;arG;zGm;r_/ ðypkapmifah ±Smufr_ rsm;wGif tcuftcJrsm;pGmawGŒEdkifonf? trsKd ;orD;rsm;tay: vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f mt=urf;zufavh±o dS rl sm;rSmvJ olwŒkd . todrdwfaqGrsm;/ aqGrsdK;om;csif;rsm;/ yÉdyuQzufwzufrS ppfom;rsm;/ vlqdk; "m;jyrsm;/ 'kuo Q nftcsi;f csi;f rsm;/ 'kuo Q nftjzpfcv kd o H_ nfEh ikd if rH S wm0ef±o dS rl sm;/ e,fjcm;apmifw h yfzŒGJ 0ifrsm;/ &JwyfzŒGJ 0ifrsm;/ vl0ifr}_ uD;=uyfa&; 0efxrf;rsm; ponf jzifh vltrsdK;rsdK;yg0ifonfudk awGŒ±Sd&onf?? vufeufuikd yf ÉdyuQtwGi;f trsKd ;orD;rsm;tay: vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m t=urf; zufrr_ mS ae&mra±G; tcsed rf a±G;jzpfymG ;Edik o f nfuv kd J awGŒ±S&d wwfonf? ab;uif; &modkŒrxGufcGmcif/ ab;uif;&mxGufcGmaepOf/ tjcm;wdkif;jynfwGif cdkv_HaepOf/ rdrdwdkif;jynfodkŒjyefvnfydkŒaqmifonfhumvtwGif;wdkŒwGifomru rdrdae&yfwGif jyefvnfae&mcsxm;onfh umvtwGif;wGifyif trsdK;orD;rsm;tzdkŒ vdifydkif; qdkif&m t=urf;zufr_wdkŒudk óuHawGŒEdkifayonf? vufeufudkifyÉdyuQrsm;twGif; trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: pDrHudef;±Sd±Sdjzifh vdifydkif;qdkif&mt=urf;zufr_a=umifh 'kuQonfrsm;tjzpf ab;uif;&m xGufajy; wdrf;a±Smif=u&onfudk r=umc%awGŒjrif&wwfonf? ,cif ,l*dkpvm;AD;,m; Edik if w H iG f jzpfymG ;cJah om vufeufuikd yf ÉdyuQtwGi;f abmfpeD;,m;trsKd ;orD;rsm;udk qmAfw h yfzŒGJ rsm;u &nf±, G cf su±f ±dS jdS zifh rk'ed ;f usichf rhJ a_ =umifh abmpeD;,m;trsKd ;orD; axmifaygi;f rsm;pGmwdŒk onf 'kuo Q nftjzpf ab;uif;&mudk xGuaf jy;vmcJ&h onf? uk v or*~ v l Œ tcG i f h t a&;txl ; pH k p rf ; ppf a q;a&;t&m±S d . tpD & if c H p mwG i f “,l*dkpvm;AD;,m;ESifh &m0rf'gEdkifiHwdkŒwGifjzpfyGm;cJhaom ppfyJGrsm;twGif; t±G,f ra&muf a o;aom uav;i,f r sm;tygt0if trsd K ;orD ; rsm;pG m wd k Œ rS m tpk

10

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

vdkuftòyHvdkuf rk'def;usifhcHcJh=u&onf? xdkodkŒ usL;vGefolrsm;wGif vufeufudkif yÉdyuQwGif yg0ifywfoufaeaom vlrsdK;pktzJGŒwdkif;/ vufeufudkiftzJGŒ0ifwdkif; yg0ifaeonf? xdkŒtjyif rawmfwqusL;vGefjcif;r[kwfbJ vlrsdK;pkrsm; rsdK;ðyef; aysmufuG,fap&ef &nf±G,fcsufjzifh pepfwusrk'def;usifhjcif;udkvJ awGŒ±Sd&onf” [k a&;om;cJhonf? 'kuQonftjzpfab;uif;&modkŒ xGufajy;wdrf;a±Smifvmaom trsdK;orD; rsm;rSmvnf; vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m t=urf;zufrt _ E &W m,fukd qufvufóuHawGŒEdik af o; onf? uifnmEdkifiH. jynfwGif;ppfa=umifh xGufajy;wdrf;a±SmifcJhaom 'kuQonf rsm;teuf trsdK;orD;i,frsm;onf ppfwyfpcef;rsm;/ e,fpyfwyfrsm;udk jzwfoef; &onfhtcgtwGif; jyefay;qJGcH&+yD; vdifydkif;qdkif&mt=urf;zufcHcJh&onf[k trsdK; orD;tcGit hf a&; tpD&ifcpH mwckwiG f azmfjyxm;onf? txl;ojzifh rdom;pk0ifrsm; ESifh tjcm;olrsm;. apmifha±SmufumuG,fr_uif;rJhaom wudk,fa& trsdK;orD; rsm;rSm xdktE W&m,fudk ydkrdkóuHawGŒ&a=umif; xdktpD&ifcHpmu qdkygonf? tjcm;EdkifiHodkŒ a&muf±Sdcdkv_HcJhaomfvnf; vdifydkif;qdkif&mt=urf;zufr_ tE W&m,frS vGwfajrmufoGm;+yD[k rqdkEdkifao;ay? bmompum;uJGjym;aom ywf0ef;usiftopfwGif trsdK;orD;rsm;rSm vdifydkif;qdkif&m taESmuft,Sufrsm;udk qufvufóuHawGŒ&avh±Sdonf? t0wfwxnfudk,fwckESifh xGufajy;wdrf;a±Smif vmcJh&aom tjzpfrsdK;wGif trsdK;orD; 'kuQonfrsm;rSm ‚if;wdkŒ. vdktyfcsuf tm;vHk;twGuf tjcm;olrsm;tay: t&m&mrSDcdktm;udk;ae&wwfonf? xdktcg rsKd ;wGif vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m tjrwfxw k f apmfum;r_u&kd ifqikd cf &H zdŒk tjzpfEikd q f ;kH tajc taersdK;jzpfonf? xdkrSru ajrpdrf;a&pdrf;wGif 'kuQonftjzpf cdkv_Hae&aom b0twGif; vifa,musfm;rsm;cHpm;&aom pdwfwif;=uyfr_rsm;/ ra&&mr_rsm;/ tajymif;tvJrsm;. tusdK;qufa=umifh jzpfyGm;wwfaom tdrfwGif;t=urf;zuf ±dkufESufr_rsm;udk cH&olrsm;rSmvJ trsdK;orD;'kuQonfrsm;yifjzpfonf? 'kuQonfrsm;udk ae&yfodkŒjyefvnfydkŒaqmifonfhtcgwGifvJ trsdK;orD; rsm;tzd k Œ t=urf ; zuf r _ r sm;ud k aemuf x yf ó uH a wG Œ Ed k i f a om tajctaeod k Œ

11

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

qdkufa&mufapEdkifao;onf? xdkodkŒ ae&yfodkŒjyefvnfydkŒaqmifr_onf 'kuQonf rsm;. qENt&jyefvnfydkŒaqmifonf[k oufqdkif&mwdkŒu qdkavh±Sdaomfvnf; xdq k ENrsm;onf pcef;acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ vlrsKd ;pkacgi;f aqmifrsm;. qENrsm;omjzpf+yD; trsKd ;orD;'kuo Q nfrsm;. qENrsm;yg0ifjcif;r±Sw d wfa=umif; awGŒ±S&d onf? 'kuo Q nf tm;vHk;udk,fpm; acgif;aqmifrsm;u udk,fpm;ðyqHk;jzwfonfhtcgwdkif; trsdK;orD; rsm;. qENrsm;udk vpfvsL±_ccH =hJ u&onf? qENrsm;udk xkwaf zmfEikd cf iG hf tcGit hf a&; rsm;vJ cHpm;cGifhr±Sdwwf=uacs? xkdr#omru ae&yfodkŒjyefvnfydkŒa&;twGuf pDpOf aqmif±u G af eonft h a=umif; odoifo h x d u kd af om owif;tcsut f vufrsm;udyk if trsdK;orD;rsm;od±Sdjcif;r±Sd&onfudk r=umc%awGŒjrif&onf? ae&yf o d k Œ jyef v nf y d k Œ aqmif o nf [ k q d k a omf v J xd k a e&mrsm;onf wnf+idrfr_ aumif;pGmr±Sdao;aomae&mrsm;/ topfwzef tprSjyefvnftajccs &rnfh ae&mrsm;jzpfavh±Sdonf? wcgw&HwGif vufeufudkifyÉdyuQrsm;yif aumif; pGmtqHk;royfao;onfhtcsdeftcgrsdK;vJ jzpfwwfonf? Oyrmqdk&v#if uarBm 'D;,m;EdkifiHwGif 'kuQonfrsm;udk ae&yfodkŒjyefvnfydkŒaqmifcsdefwGif crmeDrsm;ESifh wdu k yf rGJ sm;yif +yD;qH;k jcif;r±Sad o;acs? ae&yfoŒkd jyefvnfyŒkd aqmifc&H aom 'kuo Q nf rsm;onf tcsdefra±G;usa&mufvmEdkifaom tE W&m,fqdk;rsm;twGuf usD;vefŒ pmpm;aexdik af ecJ=h u&onf? xdo k Œkd aom tajctae tcsed t f cgrsKd ;wGif jyefvnfyŒkd aqmifjcif;cH&aom trsdK;orD;rsm;twGuf vHkòcHa&;udk rnfolurS ta&;w,l vkyfudkifaqmif±Gufay;cJhjcif;r±SdcJhay? xdktajctaersdK;wGif trsdK;orD;rsm;tzdkŒ ±kyyf ikd ;f ESihf vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f mt=urf;zufrr_ sm;udk cH&Edik o f nf? jyefyŒkd cH&aom 'kuo Q nf rsm;udk oufqdkif&mtpdk;&rsm;u vdkvdkvm;vm;ESifh apmifha±SmufulnDvdkpdwfvJ enf;yg;wwfonfhtcgrsdK;/ apmifha±Smufvdkaomfvnf; rwwfpGrf;omonfh tcg rsdK;wGif ydkrdkqdk;0g;onfhtcuftcJrsm; jzpfyGm;Edkifonf? vufeufukdif yÉdyuQjzpfyGm;onfESifhwòydifeuf aemufqufwJG óuHawGŒ &aom tjzpftysurf mS t&yfom;rsm; tpkvu kd t f òyHvu kd f ab;uif;&modŒk wdr;f a±Smifr_yifjzpfonf? xdkodkŒt&yfom;rsm; tpkvdkuftòyHvdkuf xGufcGmwdrf;a±Smif jcif;onf xdkolwdkŒ. wdkif;jynftwGif;rSmyifjzpfap/ e,ferdwfudk jzwfausmfI

12

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

tjcm;EdkifiHxdwdkifatmif jzpfavh±Sdwwfonf? vuf±SdurBmay:wGif 'kuQonfaygif; 18oef;cefŒESifh rdrdwdkif;jynftwGif;rSmyif twnfwusr±SdbJ vSnfhvnfaexdkif d nf[k cefŒrSe;f xm;vsu±f &dS m xdo k l ae&olaygi;f oef;aygi;f 20 rS 30 twGi;f ±So trsm;pkrSm trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifh uav;oli,frsm;jzpf=uonf? xdkŒtjyif ppfyJGrsm; twGi;f aoqH;k cJ&h aom t&yfom;rsm;xJwiG v f nf; trsKd ;orD; yrm%rsm;jym;vS a=umif; awGŒjrifEdkifonf? avhvmawGŒ±Sdcsufrsm;t& ppfyJGrsm;twGif; aoqHk;cJh =u&aom tjypfrJht&yfom;rsm;xJwGif trsdK;orD;rsm;onf 75 &mcdkifE_H; yg0if vsuf±Sdonf? Ttcsufrsm;udk =unfhjcif;tm;jzifh ppfab;'%fESifh vufeufudkif yÉdyuQwdkŒ. qdk;usdK;udktrsm;qHk;cHpm;&olwdkŒrSm trsdK;orD;rsm;jzpfa=umif; awGŒjrifEdkifonf? 'kuQonfrsm;ESifh rdrdwdkif;jynftwGif;rSmyif twnfwusr±SdbJ vSnfhvnfaexdkifae&olwdkŒtxJwGif trsdK;orD;yrm% trsm;qHk;yg0ifaeaomfvJ ‚if;wdŒk ESiyhf wfoufonfh pDru H ed ;f rsm; csrw S &f mwGif xdt k rsKd ;orD;rsm;twGuf txl; ulnDr_ umuG,fr_vdktyfaer_rsm;ryg0ifbJ r=umc%qdkovdk vpfvsL±_ cHae& onfrSmvJ 0rf;enf;p&maumif;aom tcsufwcsufyifjzpfonf? vufeufudkifyÉdyuQrsm;twGif; trsdK;orD;rnfr# t=urf;zufapmfum; cH&onfudk ppfwrf;ðyvkyf&efrSm trSefwu,fcufcJaom tvkyfwckjzpfonf? t=urf;zufapmfum;cH&aom trsdK;orD;rsm;onf olwdkŒtay: ulnDapmifha±Smuf r_rsm; r±Sdonfhtcg xkwfazmfajymqdkjcif;r±SdbJ vlrodolrodESifh a&iHkElwfydwf =uavh±o dS nf? rdród uHawGŒcHpm;cJ&h aom vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f mt=urf;zufr_ukd rdrt d ay: pmemem;vnfolrsm;udkom ajymvdk=uonf? rdrdajymvdkufrS rdrdtay: tjypfwif cH&rnf/ ESdrfhcscHrnfudk pdk;&drfa=umuf±HGŒaoma=umifh rnfolŒudkrS zGifh[rwdkifyif 0hHonfhtjzpfrsm;vJ rsm;pGm±Sdonf? tcsdKŒuvnf; rdrdxkwfazmfajym vdkufygu rdrt d ay: aemufxyfapmfum;r_rsm; jzpfvmvdrrhf nf/ rdrx d w k af zmfajymonft h wGuf usL;vGeo f u l rdrt d ay: vufwek Œf jyefvrd rhf nfukd pd;k &drf a=umufvefŒaoma=umifh rajym0hHonfvJ ±Sdwwfonf? txl;ojzifh t=urf;zufapmfum;olrsm;onf wm0ef±o dS rl sm;/ tm%m±So d rl sm;jzpfygu ydrk akd =umuf±ŒHG aewwf=uonf? xdŒk tjyif xdkodkŒjzpf&jcif;rSm rdrd.trSm;a=umifh/ rdrdtoHk;rusaoma=umifh jzpf&onf[k ,lqonfh rSm;,Gi;f aom t±Suw f &m;a=umifh xkwf azmfrajymonf wdŒk vJ ±So d nf?

13

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

wcsdKŒvlaer_todkif;t0dkif;wdkŒwGif vdifydkif;qdkif&m apmfum;cH&oltrsdK;orD;udk 0dik ;f 0ef;pmemulnrD a_ y;&rnft h pm; rdom;pktwGuf t±Su&f onf[q k u kd m 0dik ;f 0ef; tjypfqdkr_/ 0dkif;usOfr_rsm;±Sdonf? vdifydkif;apmfum;jcif;onf trsdK;orD;wOD;. *k%foduQmudk apmfum;jcif;jzpfonf[k jrif&rnfhtpm; xdkodkŒ usL;vGefapmfum; cH&aom trsdK;orD;a=umifh rdom;pk. *k%foduQmudk !‡dK;EGrf;aponf[k jrifonfh tjrifrsdK;uvnf;±Sdao;onf? xdktcgrsdK;wGif t=urf;zufapmfum;cH&aom trsdK; orD;rsm;u xkwaf zmfajymqd&k efr0hrH &JjzpfI owif;tcsut f vufrsm;&±S&d ef cufcJ jcif;jzpfonf? xdkŒtjyif xdkodkŒt=urf;zuf apmfum;r_rsm; usL;vGefjzpfyGm;aom ae&mrsm;onf jyifyrStjcm;olrsm; oGm;a&mufowif;,l&ef cufcJaom ae&m a'orsm; jzpfavh±adS oma=umifh tcsut f vufrsm; &±S&d efrmS vJ cufcw J wfonf? vufeufudkifppfyJGrsm;a=umifh trsdK;orD;rsm;&ifqdkifcHpm;&onfh t=urf; zufr_rsm;/ vlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_rsm;rSm qdk;0g;vSoavmuf xdktjzpfrsm;udk wdwdususrSwfwrf;wifazmfxkwfr_rSm enf;yg;vSonfudkvJ pdwfraumif;zG,f awGŒ±Sd&onf? tcsuftvufrsm;udk ±SmazGazmfxkwfolrsm;/ rSwfwrf;wifolrsm; onf trsm;tm;jzifh trsdK;om;rsm; jzpfaoma=umifh trsdK;orD;rsm; cHpm;&aom tjzpfqdk;rsm;onf rSwfwrf;wifr_r±dSbJ vlrodolrodESifh aysmufuG,fcJh=u&onfh tjzpfrsm; rsm;pGm±SdcJhonf? xdkŒtwGufa=umifh trsdK;orD;rsm;. b0udk pmem em;vnfaom vlŒtcGit hf a&; pHpk rf;ppfaq;olrsm; xGe;f um;&efvt kd yfvaS yonf?

14

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

tcef; (2) vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f mt=urf;zufr_ (Sexual Violence) vdifydkif;qdkif&mt-urf;zufr+qdkwmbmvJ? vdifydkif;qdkif&mt=urf;zufr_qdkonfrSm toGiftrsdK;rsdK;±Sdwwfonf? atmufygwdkŒrSm vdifydkif;qdkif&mt=urf;zufr_ESifh tóuH;0ifaomt&mrsm;jzpfonf? (1) t"rRvdifqufqHjcif/ rk'def;usifhjcif;/ (2) rzG,fr&mvkyfjcif; (om;jrwf/ &ifom;wdkŒudk udkifwG,fjcif;) (3) vdifaus;u|eftjzpfapcdkif;jcif;/ (4) twif;t=uyf vufxyfapjcif;/ vufxyf,ljcif;/ (5) twif;t=uyf udk,f0ef,lapjcif;ESifh udk,f0efzsufcsapjcif;/ (6) vdifwefqmtm;zsufqD;jcif; ponfwdkŒjzpfonf? vdifydkif;qdkif&mt=urf;zufr_udk EdkifiHwumOya'rsm;wGif twdtus t"dym` ,fziG q hf x kd m;jcif;r±Sad o;yg? r=umcifzŒGJ pnf;Edik af wmhrnfjzpfaom Edik if w H um &mZ0wfr_qdkif&mw&m;±Hk; (International Criminal Court) wGif vdifydkif;qdkif&m t=urf;zufr_udk atmufygtwdkif;t"dy`m,fzGifhqdkxm;onf? “usL;vGefolonf wpHkwa,mufudkjzpfap/ vlwpkudkjzpfap tiftm;oHk;I - tiftm;oHk;I +cdrf;ajcmufv#if/ ab;=uyfeH=uyfjzpfapv#if - t=urf;zufcH&rnfudk a=umuf±HGŒI vdkufavsm&v#if - zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifcH&rnfudk a=umuf±HGŒI vdkufavsm&v#if - pdwfydkif;qdkif&mzdESdyfr_cH&rnfudk a=umuf±HGŒI vdkufavsm&v#if - tm%mudktvJGoHk;pm;ðyIvkyfaqmifv#if - tjcm;a±G;p&mvrf;r±Sdawmhojzifh vdkufavsm&onfjzpfv#if rdrdqENtrSeftwdkif; xkyfazmfajymqdkcGifhr±Sdawmhonfhtajctaejzpfv#if vdifydkif;qdkif&mqufqHr_ðyvkyfv#if/ usL;vGefv#if vdifydkif;qdkif&mt=urf;zufr_ ajrmufonf” [kqdkxm;onf? xdkodkŒusL;vGefjcif;onf ppfyJGqdkif&mOya' (War

15

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

ESihf vlom;wrsKd ;vH;k udk xdcu kd af pEdik af omjypfr_ (Crime against Humanity) ajrmufonf[k twdtvif;zGifhqdkxm;jyefygonf? xdkusL;vGefr_onf EdkifiHwum ppfyJGwGifjzpfap/ jynfwGif;vufeufudkifyÉdyuQwGifjzpfap tóuH;0ifonf[kvnf; qdkxm;ygonf? Crimes)

vdifydkif;qdkif&mt-urf;zufr+ESifh owfrSwfcsufrsm; usL;vGefonfhtjzpftysufudkrlwnfI vdifydkif;qdkif&mt=urf;zufr_udk trnftrsdK;rsdK;ac:a0: owfrSwfavh±Sdonf? vdifydkif;qdkif&mt=urf;zufr_trsm;pk (txl;ojzifh-rk'def;usifhjcif;/ vdifaus;u|eftjzpfapcdkif;jcif;/ twif;t=uyf vyfxyfaygif;oif;jcif;) wdkŒonf ESdyfpuf!‡if;yrf;jcif; (Torture) ajrmufI xdktr_ rsm;xuf t=urf;zufr_avsmhenf;aomtðytrlrsm;udk vlom;rqef/ &ufpuf =urf;ñuwfaom qufqrH _ tjypfay;r_ (cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment) [k owfrw S af vh±o dS nf? xdŒk jyifvid yf ikd ;f qdik &f m t=urf;zufrw _ Œkd onf vlom;xkw&yfvHk; tay:xdcdkufapaom&mZ0wfr_ (Crime against humanity) ajrmufonf[v k nf; qdak vh±=dS uonf? vufeufuikd yf ÉdyuQrsm;twGi;f usL;vGef aom vdifydkif;qdkif&m t=urf;zufr_wdkŒonf ppfrufqdkif&moabmwl pmcsKyfyg tcsuf r sm;ud k usL;vG e f a oma=umif h ppf y J G q d k i f & m&mZ0wf r _ (War crime) ajrmufonf[kvnf; qdk=uonf? Edik if rH sm;. oufqikd &f m &mZ0wfrq _ ikd &f m Oya'rsm;xJwiG v f nf; vdiyf ikd ;f qdkif&m t=urf;zufr_trsdK;rsdK;udk EdkifiHtvdkuf oD;oefŒt"dy`m,fzGifhqdk usifhoHk; avh±o dS nf? xdŒk twGuaf =umifh trsKd ;orD;rsm;tay: vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m t=urf;zufrE_ iS hf ywfoufI v_yf±Sm;aqmif±GufolwdkŒonf rdrdwdkŒEdkifiHawmf. &mZ0wfr_Oya'rsm; xJwGif vdifydkif;qdkif&mt=urf;zufr_wdkŒESifh ywfoufI rnfuJhodkŒ t"dy`m,fzGifhqdk jyXmef;xm;onfudk a=ua=unufnuf avhvmxm;&ef txl;vdktyfonf? Oyrm- rk'def;usifhr_udk rdrdEdkifiHawmf±Sd&mZ0wfr_qdkif&m Oya'xJwGif rnfuJhodkŒ t"dy`m,fzGifhqdkxm;onf? rnfonfhtcsufrsdK;// rnfonfhtqifhrsdK; usL;vGefrS &mZ0wfr_ajrmufonf[k qdkxm;onfwdkŒudk aocsmpGm avhvm&efvdktyfonf?

16

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m t=urf;zufonfh tðytrltm;vH;k udk Edik if w H um vlŒtcGihf ta&; Oya'rsm;ESifh vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;aom Oya'ESpfrsdK;pvHk;wGif wm;jrpfxm;onf? xdEk ikd if w H umOya' ESprf sKd ;pvH;k wGif vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f mt=urf;zuf r_udk &mZ0wfr_tjzpf owfrSwfxm;onfudk awGŒ&onf? vdifydkif;qdkif&mt-urf;zufr+ESifh ESdyfpuf!‡if;yrf;jcif; vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f mt=urf;zufrE_ iS hf ESyd pf uf!i‡ ;f yrf;jcif;udk avhvm&eftwGuf EdkifiHwumvlŒtcGifhta&;pmcsKyfrsm;wGif ESdyfpuf!‡if;yrf;r_udk rnfodkŒt"dy`m,fzGifh qdx k m;onfukd yxrOD;qH;k avhvm&rnf? ukvor*~u jyXmef;xm;onfh ESyd pf uf !‡if;yrf;jcif;ESifhtjcm;aom &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfaom/ vlom;rqefaom/ vlŒ*k%f odumQ udk !‡Kd ;EGr;f apaomqufqrH _ odŒk r[kwf tjypfay;r_qikd &f m oabmwlpmcsKyf (twdkaumuf - ESdyfpuf!‡rf;yrf;jcif;qdkif&mpmcsKyf) wGif ESdyfpuf!‡if;yrf;r_udk atmufygtwdkif; t"dy`m,fzGifhqdkxm;onf? “ESdyfpuf!‡if;yrf;r_qdkonfrSm vl wa,muf odŒk r[kwt f jcm;vlwa,mufxrH S owif; odŒk r[kwf 0efccH suf &±Sad p &eftwGujf zpfap/ vlwa,muf odŒk r[kwf tjcm;vlwa,mufu usL;vGecf ahJ om odŒk r[kwf usL;vGeo f nf[k ,lq&aom vky&f yftwGuf tjypf'%fcwfjcif;twGuf jzpfap/ vlwa,muf odŒk r[kwf tjcm;vlwa,muftm; taESmuft,Sujf zpfap &ef odŒk r[kwf t=uyfuikd &f ef &nf±, G I f jzpfap/ cJjG cm;zdEydS rf _ ta=umif;t&mwckcu k kd tajccHIjzpfap/ pHpk rf;ppfaq;aeonfh tcsed t f awmtwGi;f odŒk r[kwyf gu wm0ef±dS yk*~dKvfjzpfap w&m;0if wm0eftqifhtwef;udk xrf;aqmifaeaomoljzpfap wOD;OD;u odvsuEf iS hf odŒk r[kwf qENjzifh ±kyyf ikd ;f qdik &f m/ pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f m jyif;xefaom emusifr_ odkŒr[kwf a0'emudkcHpm;apaomtðytrl” [k qdkxm;ygonf? EdkifiH wum. vufcx H m;csut f & ESyd pf uf!i‡ ;f yrf;ajrmuf&ef tcsuf (3) csuEf iS hf jynfph kH &rnfjzpfonf? xdktcsufrsm;rSm yxrtcsuftaejzifh jyif;xefaom emusifr_ odŒk r[kwf a0'emjzpfap&rnf? 'kw, d tcsut f aejzifh &nf±, G cf su±f ±dS jdS zifh usL;vGef aom vkyf&yfjzpfap&rnf? xdkodkŒESdyfpuf!‡rf;r_onf wm0ef±Sdyk*~dKvf odkŒr[kwf w&m;0ifwm0eftqifhtwef;udk xrf;aqmifaeaomol wOD;OD;u odvsufESifh odŒk r[kwf qENjzifh usL;vGerf j_ zpfap&rnf? xdŒk rSom ESyd pf uf!i‡ ;f yrf;r_ajrmufayrnf?

17

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

xdt k "dym` ,fziG q hf ckd sut f & tpd;k &0efxrf;rsm;jzpfaom ppfwyf/ &J/ tusO;f axmifESifh tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;u trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; t"rRðyusifhjcif;onf trsdK; orD;rsm;tm; ESyd pf uf!i‡ ;f yrf;r_ajrmufonf? xdo k Œkd t"rRðyusijhf cif;a=umifh ±kyyf ikd ;f qdkif&m '%f&mtemw&jzpfapovdk trsdK;orD;rsm;. pdwfydkif;qdkif&mESifh pdwfcsrf; ajrŒr_wdkŒudkvJ xdcdkufemusifaponfhtwGufa=umifhjzpfonf? xdkŒtwl trsdK; orD;tusO;f om;rsm;udk axmiftr_xrf;rsm;/ vHòk cHa&;wyfzŒGJ 0ifrsm;/ ppfom;rsm;u t"rRusifhjcif;rSmvnf; ESdyfpuf!‡if;yrf;r_ ajrmufonf[k qdkEdkifonf? tb,f a=umifhqdkaomf vdifydkif;qdkif&mt=urf;zufr_udk &nf±G,fcsuf±Sd±Sdjzifh usL;vGefjcif; jzpfonft h jyif cHpm;&oltrsKd ;orD;rsm;udk ±kyyf ikd ;f ESiphf w d yf ikd ;f qdik &f m temw&jzpfap aoma=umifhjzpfonf? wcgw&HwGif t=urf;zufcH&onfh ae&mrsm;onf tusOf; axmiftwGif;r[kwfaomfvJ trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; zrf;qD; csKyfaESmifxm;onfh tusOf;axmif r[kwfonfhae&mrsm; odkŒr[kwf trsdK;orD;rsm;. vGwfvyfcGifhudk uefŒowfydwfyifxm;aom ae&mrsm; jzpfavh±Sdonf? xdkodkŒaomae&mrsm;wGif usL;vGefcH&onfqdkyguvnf; trsdK;orD;rsm; xGufajy;I r&Edkifatmif xdrf;odrf; uefŒowfxm;aom tajctaersm; v$rf;rdk;aeaoma=umifh tusOf;axmifwGif csKyfaESmifxm;+yD; apmfum;cH&onfESifhrjcm;onfh tajctaersdK;omjzpfonf? tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzJGŒrsm;u vdifydkif;qdkif&mt-urf;zufjcif; tjynfjynfqdkif&m vlŒtcGifhta&; Oya'rsm;xJwGif vdifydkif;qdkif&m t=urf;zufr_onf wm0ef±Sdyk*~dKvfjzpfap w&m;0if wm0eftqifhtwef;udk xrf; aqmifaeaomoljzpfap odvsufESifh odkŒr[kwfqENjzifhðyrlrSom ESdyfpuf!‡if;yrf;r_ odŒk r[kwf &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfaom/ vlom;rqefaom/ vlŒ*k%o f u d mQ udk !‡Kd ;EGr;f apaom qufqrH _ odŒk r[kwf tjypfay;r_ajrmufonf[k qdx k m;onf? xdo k Œkd qdv k #if tpdk;&wyfzJGŒrsm;r[kwfaom vufeufudkiftzJGŒrsm;u usL;vGefaom trsdK;orD; rsm;tay: vdifydkif;qdkif&mt=urf;zufr_udk rnfuJhodkŒ owfrSwfrnf qdkonfrSm ar;p&mtcsufjzpfvmonf? xdkuJhodkŒ tpdk;&tzJGŒ0ifrsm;r[kwfbJ tjcm;aom tzJŒG 0ifrsm;u usL;vGeaf om vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f mt=urf;zufrr_ sm;udv k J xdt k zJŒG rsm;u

18

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

wm0efcH&rnfjzpfonf? vdifydkif;qdkif&mt=urf;zufr_wckxJom r[kwfbJ tjcm; rw&m;onft h ðytrlrsm;jzpfaom ±du k Ef u S jf cif;/ jyefay;qJjG cif;/ zrf;qD;jcif;rsm;vnf; tóuH;0ifrnfjzpfonf? tb,fa=umifq h akd omf vufeufuikd f yÉdyuQjzpfymG ;onfEiS hf wòydkifeuf xdkyÉdyuQwGif yg0ifywfoufaeaom tiftm;pkrsm; tm;vHk;wdkŒonf ppfyJGqdkif&mEdkifiHwum vlŒtcGifhta&; oabmwlpmcsKyf[k trsm;uvufcH oabmwlxm;onfh *seD AD mpmcsKyfyg vlŒtcGit hf a&; tcsut f vufrsm;udk av;pm; vdu k ef m&ef wm0ef±+dS yD;jzpfonf? rnfonfzh ufujzpfap xdpk mcsKyfygtcsujf zpfonfh trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; ESdyfpuf!‡if;yrf;jcif;ESifh ravsmfruef wdkufcdkufapmfum;r_rsm; rvkyfaqmif&ef wm;jrpfxm;onfhtcsufudk av;pm;&ef/ rcsdK;azmuf&ef wm0ef±Sd onf? xdŒk twGuaf =umifh tpd;k &r[kwaf om vufeufuikd t f zJŒG 0ifrsm;u vufeuf udik yf ÉdyuQtwGi;f trsKd ;orD;rsm;tay: vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m t=urf;zufrr_ sm; usL;vGef ygu xdktzJGŒrsm;wGif wm0ef±Sdayonf? xdkolrsm;udk EdkifiHwum Oya'ESifhom r[kwfbJ jynfwGif;EdkifiHawmfOya'rsm;jzifhvnf; ta&;,ltjypfay;Edkifonf? vlwOD;csif;u vdifydkif;qdkif&mt-urf;zufjcif; xdkodkŒqdkv#if tjcm;vlwOD;u usL;vGefaom vdifydkif;qdkif&mt=urf;zuf r_udk rnfuJhodkŒowfrSwfrnfenf;[laom ar;cGef;wck aemufxyfay:aygufvm Edkifonf? EdkifiHwumOya'rsm;t& tpdk;&u xdkodkŒt=urf;zufr_udk odvsufESifh rod[efaqmifaom odkŒr[kwf xdkodkŒusL;vGef&ef tm;ay;tm;ajr‡mufðyaom tcgro S m xdt k r_twGuf Edik if aH wmftpd;k &wGif wm0ef±rdS nfjzpfonf? xdo k Œkd r[kwf ygu vlwOD;csif;usL;vGefaom vdifydkif;qdkif&m t=urf;zufr_rsm;onf omref &mZ0wfr_om ajrmufayvdrfhrnf?

19

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

tcef; (3) EdkifiHwumOya'rsm; EdkifiHwumOya'rsm;rnfodkŒay:aygufvmoenf;? EdkifiHwumOya'rsm;onf t"dutm;jzihf toGifoHk;rsdK;udk tajccHxm; onfukd awGŒ±S&d onf? yxrwrsKd ;rSm tjynfjynfqikd &f mESihf a'oqdik &f m oabmwl pmcsKyfrsm;jzpf+yD; vufrSwfa&;xdk;&efvdkaom yÉdnmOfrsm;/ oabmwlpmcsKyfrsm;/ pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;jzpfonf? t"dutm;jzifh urBmhukvor*~u twnfðyjyXmef; xm;avh±Sd+yD; oufqdkif&mEdkifiHrsm;u vufrSwfa&;xdk;&efvdktyfonf? vufrSwf a&;xdk;aom EdkifiHudkomv#if =oZmoufa&mufr_±SdEdkifonf? aemufxyfwckrSm tjynfjynfqdkif&m vufcHxm;aom xHk;xrf;pOfvm usifhxHk;rsm;jzpf+yD; vufrSwf xdk;xm;onfjzpfap rxdk;xm;onfjzpfap urBmEdkifiHtoD;oD;u av;pm;vdkufem &ef vdktyfonfhoabm±Sdonf? vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;aomOya' (Humanitarian Law) rsm;onf EdkifiHwumtaejzifh ppfyJGtwGif; av;pm;vdkufem&ef wm0ef±adS om usi0hf wfrsm;jzpfaoma=umifh ,cktrsKd ;tpm;wGif yg0ifonf? xdo k Œkd vdkufem&efvdktyfaom xHk;xrf;pOfvmrsm;udk urBmhordkif;wGif ay:aygufcJhaom EdkifiHwumcHk±Hk;rsm;/ a'oqdkif&mcHk±Hk;rsm;. qHk;jzwfr_rsm;wGif trsm;qHk;awGŒjrif& onf? aemufq;kH wckrmS tm%m±Sad om tzJŒG tpnf;wckcu k t"dym` ,fziG q hf x kd m; csurf sm;/ ay:vpDrsm;jzpfonf? Oyrm- tar&duefEikd if rH sm;tm;vH;k qdik &f m vlŒtcGihf ta&;w&m;±H;k u Edik if w H umtodik ;f t0dik ;f rsm;taejzifh av;pm;vdu k ef m&ef vdt k yf onf[k xkwaf zmfajymqdo k nfh a=unmpmwrf;rsm;/ t}uHay;csurf sm;/ tqdðk ycsuf rsm; ponfwdkŒjzpfonf? xdkt&mrsm;onf wnfqJEdkifiHwum Oya'rsm;uJhodkŒ EdkifiHtm;vHk;udk vdkufem&rnf[laom oufa&mufr_r±dSao;aomfvnf; EdkifiH wumOya'rsm; aemufxyfay:ayguv f m&mwGif xdt k csurf sm;udk rlvyxrtqifh uyif xnfo h iG ;f pOf;pm;avh±adS oma=umifh ‚if;tcsurf sm;onfvnf; ta&;ygonf udk awGŒ&onf? xdt k oGio f ;kH rsKd ;wdŒk rSwqifh Edik if w H um Oya'rsm; ay:aygujf rpfzsm; cHvm=ujcif;jzpfonf? xdkodkŒay:aygufvmaom EdkifiHwumOya'rsm;onf EdkifiH

20

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

wumu xdu k ¾ESiyhf wfoufI xdOk ya'rsm; vdt k yfa=umif; 0dik ;f 0ef;oabmwlI om ay:aygufvm&jcif;jzpfonf? EdkifiHtrsm;pku vufcHoabmwlnDr_r±SdbJ xdkEdkifiHwumOya'rsm; ay:ayguftouf0if vmvdrfhrnfr[kwfyg? vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;aomOya' (Humanitarian Law) ppfyOGJ ya' (Laws of War) [kvnf; ac:a0:avh±adS om vlom;csi;f pmem axmufxm;aomOya'onf vlom;csi;f pmemaxmufxm;aom &nf±, G cf sujf zifh vufeufudkifyÉdyuQ. qdk;usdK;oufa&mufr_udk uefŒowfEdkif&ef pmcsKyfpmwrf; jzifhjzpfap/ av;pm;vdkufem&ef wm0ef±Sdaom "avhxHk;pHjzifhjzpfap wnf±Sdvsuf ±Sdonf? xdkOya'onf vufeufudkifyÉdyuQtwGif; tE W&m,fusa&mufEdkifol/ ulnDr_rsm;vdktyfolrsm;udk umuG,fay;&eftwGuf &nf±G,fay:aygufvmcJhjcif; jzpfonf? [mcfhòrdŒoabmwlpmcsKyf (Conventions of the Hauge)/ 1949 ckESpf *seD AD moabmwlpmcsKyf (Geneva Convention –1949)/ 1977 aemufqufwGJ pmcsKyf ESpfck (two additional protocols – 1977) wdkŒESifh EkdifiHwumcHk±Hk;rsm;. qHk;jzwf csufrsm;tygt0if tjcm;EdkifiHwumxHk;xrf;pOfvmrsm;onf Tvlom;csif; pmemaxmufxm;aom Oya'rsm;. tajccHrsm;yifjzpfonf? trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifh vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;aom Oya'rsm; trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; ppfom;rsm;u vdifydkif;qdkif&m t=urf;zufjcif;ESifh tjcm;olrsm;u trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: vdifydkif;qdkif&m t=urf;zufr_rsm; usL; vGeaf p&ef tpd;k &wm0ef±o dS rl sm;u odov d suEf iS hf tm;ay;tm;ajr‡mufðyjcif;rsm;udk vGefcJhaom &mpkuxnf;uyif vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;aom Oya'rsm;wGif wm;jrpfydwfyifxm;onf? xdkŒtjyif xdkOya'rsm;xJwGif vufeufudkifyÉdyuQrsm; twGif; t&yfom;trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;t=um; cJGjcm;zdESdyfr_r±SdbJ wef;wltcGifhta&;ay;&efudkvnf; xnfhoGif;jyXmef;xm;onf? vufeufudkif yÉdyuQrsm;twGif; trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; wef;wltcGifhta&;&±Sdatmif vkyfaqmif ay;&rnfhtjyif t=urf;zufcH&r_udk ydkrdkóuHawGŒ&ifqdkifEdkif&onfh trsdK;orD;rsm;

21

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

twGuf umuG,fr_rsm; txl;vkyfaqmifay;&rnf[kvnf; xdkOya'rsm;wGif qdkxm;onf? omreft&yfom;rsm;tay: umuG,fr_rsm;tjyif ppfyJG.raumif;r_ qd;k usKd ;rsm;udk ydrk ckd pH m;&Edik rf nf/h tE &W m,fyrkd u kd sa&mufEikd rf nfh trsKd ;orD;rsm;tm; ydrk u kd n l aD pmifah ±Smufr_ vdt k yfonf[q k v kd jkd cif;jzpfonf? *seD AD moabmwlpmcsKyf. tyd'k f (2&) wGif “trsKd ;orD;rsm;. *k%o f u d mQ udk xdcu kd f epfemapaomwdu k cf u kd rf _ (txl;ojzifh t"rRusijhf cif;/ t"rRjynfw h efqmtjzpf apcdik ;f jcif;ESihf tjcm;ravsmf uefonfhxdcdkufapr_rsm;) tm;txl;umuG,fay;&ef” azmfjyxm;onf? Edik if w H um vufeufuikd f yÉdyuQr[kwaf om jynfwiG ;f ppfrsm;twGi;f wGif vnf; trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; txl;umuG,fr_ðy&ef *sDeDAmoabmwlpmcsKyf aemuf qufwJGpmcsKyf 2 . tydk'f 4 (2) (e) wGif “trsdK;orD;rsm;. *k%foduQmudk xdcdkufepfemapaom wdkufcdkufr_ (txl;ojzifh t"rRusifhjcif;/ t"rRjynfhwefqm tjzpf apcd k i f ; jcif ; ES i f h tjcm;ravsmf u ef o nf h xd c d k u f a pr_ r sm;) tm; txl ; umuG,fay;&rnf” [k qdkxm;onf? *sDeDAmpmcsKyfESifh aemufqufwJGpmcsKyfrsm;onf ‚if;udkvufrSwfrxdk;xm;aom EdkifiHrsm; tay: tóuH;0ifEdkifygovm;? vlom;csi;f pmemaxmufxm;aom Oya'tawmfrsm;rsm;udk oabmwl vufrSwfa&;xdk;onfjzpfap/ rxdk;onfjzpfap xdkOya'rsm;udk EdkifiHrsm;taejzifh av;pm;vdkufem&ef wm0ef±Sdonf? *sDeDAmpmcsKyfESifh aemufqufwJGpmcsKyfrsm;udk EdkifiHtm;vHk;eD;yg;u vufrSwfxdk;xm;onfhtwGuf xdkpmcsKyfygtcsufrsm;udk av;pm;vdkufem&efwm0ef±Sd+yD;jzpfonf? xdkr#ru *sDeDAmpmcsKyfyg oabmxm; rsm;udk EdkifiHuvufrSwfxdk;onfjzpfap/ rxdk;onfjzpfap av;pm;vdkufem&ef vdktyfonf[laom t,ltqudk axmufcHolrsm; ,aeŒtcg ydkrdkrsm;jym;vm ae+yDjzpfonf? xdkŒtjyif xdktcsufrsm;udk vufeufudkif yÉdyuQwGif yg0ifaom tzJGŒtpnf;rsm;tm;vHk; vdkufem&ef/ EdkifiHwum ppfyJGrsm;wGifomru jynfwGif; vufeufudkif yÉdyuQrsm;wGifyg vdkufem&efvdkonf[k EdkifiHwum &mZ0wfr_ w&m;±Hk;u zGifhqdkxm;onf?

22

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

tjynfjynfqidk &f mvlŒtcGit hf a&;Oya' (International Human Rights Laws) tjynfjynfqidk &f m vlŒtcGit hf a&;Oya'rsm;xJwiG f vufeufuikd f yÉdyuQ rsm;twGi;f ±Sd trsKd ;orD;rsm;tm; umuG,af y;r_EiS hf oufqikd af om tcsut f vuf rsm;udk tjynfjynfqdkif&m vlŒtcGifhta&;a=unmpmwrf; (Universal Declaration of Human Rights)/ Edi k if o H m;ESihf Edik if aH &;tcGit hf a&;qdik &f m oabmwlpmcsKyf (International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights- ICCPR)/ trsKd ;orD;rsm;tm; enf;rsdK;pHkjzifhcJGjcm;xm;r_tm;vHk; yaysmufa&;oabmwlpmcsKyf (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women)/ ES d y f p uf !‡if;yrf;r_ESihftjcm; &ufpuf=urf;óuwfaom tðytrlrsm;/ vlom;rqefaomESifh tqift h wef;edru hf sapaom tðytrlrsm;qefŒusiaf &;pmcsKyf (Convention against Torture, and Other cruel, inhumane or Degrading Treatment or Punishment) wdŒk wGif awGŒjrifEdkifonf? xdkEdkifiHwumOya'rsm;xJwGif trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: t=urf; zufr_tm; vufeufudkifyÉdyuQtcsdeftwGif;omru tjcm;+idrf;csrf;aom tcsdef twGif;wGifyg wm;qD;ydwfyifxm;onf? vufeufudkifyÉdyuQtwGif;±Sd trsdK;orD; rsm;tm; vd i f y d k i f ; qd k i f & m t=urf ; zuf j cif ; onf txuf a zmf j yygEd k i f i H w um vlŒtcGifhta&; Oya'rsm;xJwGif umuG,fapmifha±Smufxm;aom trsdK;orD; tcGifhta&;rsm;udk t}uD;tus,f csdK;azmufjcif; ajrmufonf?

23

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

tcef; (4) vlŒtcGit hf a&;apmif=h uyfjcif; (Human Rights Monitoring) vlŒtcGifhta&;apmifh-uyfjcif; qdkonfrSmtb,fenf;? vlŒtcGit hf a&; apmif=h uyfjcif;qdo k nfrmS vlŒtcGit hf a&;ESihf tajccH vGwf vyfciG rhf sm;udk tpd;k &rsm;u rnfr#umuG,af eonf? rnfr#w;kd wufatmif vkyaf e onfukd t+rJrjywfavhvmapmif=h uyfaejcif;jzpfonf? Edik if aH wmftpd;k &u oabm wlvufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;aom vlŒtcGifhta&; oabmwlpmcsKyf tcsuftvuf rsm;udk xdkEdkifiHtpdk;&taejzifh trSefwu,fvdkufemaqmif±Gufjcif; ±Sdr±Sd od±Sd&ef twGuf vlŒtcGit hf a&; apmif=h uyfro _ nf r±Srd jzpfvt kd yfonf? odŒk rSom vlŒtcGihf ta&; oabmwlpmcsKyfrsm;. &nf±, G cf surf sm;udk tpd;k &wGif wm0ef±o dS nft h wdik ;f jynfh0atmifxrf;aqmifr_±Sdr±Sd od±SdEdkifayrnf? vlŒtcGifhta&;Oya'rsm;ESifh vlŒtcGifhta&;pHcsdefpHElef;rsm;udk rnfuJhodkŒ taumiftxnfazmf aqmif±Gufaea=umif;od±Sd&ef vdktyfonfhowif;tcsuf tvufrsm; pHkprf;pkaqmif;jcif; (Investigation and Documentation) onf vlŒ tcGifhta&; apmifh=uyfjcif;vkyfief;pOf. yxrtpvkyfief;pOfjzpfonf? vlŒtcGifh ta&; apmifh=uyfr_onf vlŒtcGifhta&;Oya'rsm;xJwGif yg0ifaom pHcsdefpH!$ef; tcsuftvufrsm;udk tajcðy&efvdktyfovdk vlŒtcGifhta&; csdK;azmufr_rsm;udk tcsdefudkuf/ wdwdusus&±SdEdkif&eftwGuf owif;tcsuf tvufrsm; ±SmazG pkaqmif;jcif;udkvnf; aqmif±Guf&efvdktyfonf? xdkowif;pkaqmif;jcif;pepfudk _ rsKd ;tpm;rsm;tvdu k f oD;oefŒa±G;cs,v f yk af qmifygu vlŒtcGit hf a&; csKd ;azmufrt ydrk t kd oH;k 0ifonf/ vufawGŒusonfukd avhvmawGŒ±S&d onf? xdŒk aemuf xdo k ;D oefŒ a±G;cs,fxm;aom tcsufrsm;onf trSefwu,fcsdK;azmufcHae&onf/ EdkifiH tpdk;&u xdktcsufrsm;udk trSefwu,fcsdK;azmufaeonfudk xifxif±Sm;±Sm; oufaojyEdkifrnfhtjzpftysufrsm;/ tajctaersm;udk tao;pdwfqef;ppf&ef (Analysis) vdktyfonf? rdrda±G;cs,fxm;aom vlŒtcGifhta&;tcsufrsm;udk EdkifiH

24

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

tpdk;&u rnfuJhodkŒ&nf±G,fcsufjzifh vkyfaqmifaeonfhtcsufrsm;/ rnfodkŒ aqmif±u G af eonfrsm;udk azmfjyEdik rf nfah wGŒ±Scd surf sm;/ vlŒtcGit hf a&; csKd ;azmufr_ tcsufrsm;onf wckESifhwck rnfodkŒqufpyfae=uonfqdkaom tcsufrsm; qef;ppfazmfxkwfjyoEdkifygu ydkrdktusdK;±Sdrnfjzpfonf? xdo dk Œdk qef;ppfcsurf sm; ðyvkyEf ikd rf nfqykd gu xdv k Œl tcGit hf a&; csKd ;azmufr_ rsm;udk ukpm;Edkifatmif rnfodkŒv_HŒaqmfr_rsm; vkyfaqmifoifhonf/ rnfonfh ulnDvkyfaqmifr_rsm; ðyvkyfoifhonfqdkonfh tcsufrsm; (Planning) vufawGŒ ususay:xGufvmayvdrfhrnf? vlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufcH&olrsm;udk csufjcif; ta&;,laqmif±Gufr_rsm; (Intervention) rnfodkŒvkyfaqmifEdkifrnfvJ/ odkŒr[kwf tvm;wltjzpftysufrsm; aemufxyfray:aygufEdkifatmif rnfuJhodkŒwm;qD; k nft h csurf sm;udk qef;ppfawGŒ±Scd surf sm; umuG,v f ŒH_ aqmfrnfvJ (Advocacy) qdo tay:rlwnfI a±G;cs,f&efvdktyfonf? vlŒtcGifhta&;apmifh=uyfjcif;vkyfief;pOf

(Human Rights Monitoring Process)

pHkprf;ppfaq;jcif; Investigation

tcsuftvufpkaqmif;jcif;/ oHk;oyfjcif;/ tpD&ifcHjcif; Documentation, analysis and reporting

tpDtpOfcsrSwjfcif; Planning

vH_Œaqmfjcif;

=um;0ifaqmif±Gufjcif;

Advocacy

Interventnion

owif;ay;jcif;/ ynmay;jcif;

w&m;a&;ESihf EdkifiHa&;vkyfaqmifr_rsm; vlxktoGifv_yf±Sm;r_rsm;

umuG,fwm;qD;jcif; vkyif ef;rsm; ta&;ay:ulnrD r_ sm;

25

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

tcef; (5) pHpk rf;ppfaq;jcif; (Investigation) pHkprf;ppfaq;jcif;qdkwmbmvJ/ pHpk rf;ppfaq;jcif;qdo k nfrmS vlŒtcGit hf a&; csKd ;azmufc&H onf[k pGypf x GJ m; aom tjzpftysuw f cktm; trSew f u,fvŒl tcGit hf a&;csKd ;azmufygonf[k cdik cf ikd f rmrm ajymqdkEdkif&eftwGuf vdktyfaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;/ oufaocH taxmuftxm;rsm; pkaqmif;±SmazGjcif;jzpfonf? pHkprf;ppfaq;jcif;. t"dut ajccHtcsufrSm vlŒtcGifhta&; csdK;azmufcH&aom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk ±SmazGpHkprf;azmfxkwfjcif;yifjzpfonf? owdðy&eftcsufrSm owif;oufoufudk wifjy,Hkjzifh toHk;usvdrfhr[kwfyg? xdkowif;tcsuftvufudk toHk;ðy+yD; xdk tjzpftysuf trSefwu,fjzpfyGm;cJha=umif; tjcm;olrsm;u,Hk=unfvmatmif vkyfaqmifEdkifrSom toHk;0ifvdrfhrnfjzpfonf? xdkŒtwGufa=umifh rdrd±SmazGpHkprf; azmfxkwfxm;aom owif;onf tao;pdwf us&efvdkovdk wdusr_±Sd&efvnf; txl;ta&;}uD;onf? rdrdtaejzifh xdktjzpfonf vlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_jzpfa=umif; cdkifcdkif vHkvHkajymqdkjyoEdkif&eftwGuf rnfonfhtcsuftvuf/ taxmuftxm;rsm;udk t"duxm;/ rarhravsmh±SmazGpHkprf;&rnfudk ±Sif;±Sif;vif;vif;od±Sd&rnf? odkŒrSom xdktcsufrsm;udk rnfodkŒ&atmif±SmazG&rnfudk óudwifjyifqifEdkifrnf? bma-umifh vlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr+rsm;udk pHkprf;pkaqmif;&efvdktyfovJ? yxrOD;qHk;&nf±G,fcsufrSm vlŒtcGifhta&;rsm;udk vltrsm;od±Sdap&ef twG u f azmf x k w f w if j y&ef j zpf o nf ? trsd K ;orD ; rsm;tay: vl Œ tcG i f h t a&; csdK;azmufr_tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm vlrodolrodjzpfwwfonf? vpfvsL±_r_cH&wwf onf? xdo k Œkd csKd ;azmufc&H r_rsm;azmfxw k w f ifjyjcif;jzifh “'Dvt kd jzpftysuaf wG r±Syd g

26

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

bl;/ 'DtjzpfawG[m vlŒtcGit hf a&;csKd ;azmufrr_ sm;r[kwb f ;l ” [k ,lqxm;onfh t,ltqrSm;rsm;udk acszsufajymif;vJypfEdkifrnfjzpfonf? xdkodkŒ vkyfaqmifjcif; k =um; tm;jzifh xdt k jzpfrsm;udw k m;qD;umuG,o f ifo h nf [laomtodrsm; vlxt wd;k yGm;vmEdik o f vdk Edik if aH &;ESihf Oya'a&;&mt& ulnaD qmif±u G o f ifo h nf[al om v_HŒaqmfr_rsm; tm;aumif;vmapEdkifonf? xdkŒtjyif csdK;azmufolrsm;/ csdK;azmufr_rsm;udk umuG,fwm;qD;&ef ysuf uGufr_onf tpdk;&rsm;. wm0efysufuGufr_jzpfonf[laom tjrifrsm; vlxk t=um;wd;k yGm;vmapEdik &f efjzpfonf? xdv k Œl tcGit hf a&;csKd ;azmufrr_ sm;udk rSww f rf; wifjcif;tm;jzifh trsKd ;orD;tcGit hf a&;rsm;udu k muG,af y;&ef wm0ef±adS om tpd;k & rsm; vlŒtcGifhta&;Xmersm;tay: tzufzufu zdtm;ydkrdkay;apEdkifonf? csdK; azmufolrsm;tay: csdK;azmufr_rsm; &yfwhHoGm;atmif/ avsmhenf;oGm;atmif zdtm;ay;Edkifonf? xdrk #ruao;bJ csKd ;azmufc&H oltwGuf vdt k yfaom ulnrD r_ sm;/ ukpm;r_ rsm; jzpfay:vmatmiftwGuv f nf; &nf±, G v f yk af qmifEikd o f nf? xdo k Œkd csKd ;azmufr_ rsm;udk pHkprf;rSwfwrf;wifjcif;jzifh xdktjzpftysufrsm;udk [efŒwm;&eftwGuf vdt k yfaom ukpm;aqmif±u G rf r_ sm; vdt k yfaea=umif; oufaojy&ma&mufonf? oufqikd &f mtpd;k &taejzihf vdt k yfaom w&m;a&;ESihf tjcm;aom ulnv D yk af qmif r_rsm; vkyaf qmif&ef wm0ef±o dS nf[al om t,ltqjzpfay:apvmEdik af tmifvnf; &nf±G,fvkyfaqmifEdkifonf? wduscdkifrmaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk pHkprf; rSwfwrf;wifjcif;jzifh csdK;azmufcH&oltwGuf vdktyfaom ta&;,l ukpm;r_rsm; tjyif tpkd;&zufu wkefŒjyefaqmif±Gufr_rsm; wdk;wufay:ayguf vmapEdkifonf? aemufqHk;tcsuftaejzifh xda&mufaom v_HŒaqmfr_AsL[mrsm; csrSwf Edik &f efjzpfonf? pHpk rf;ppfaq;aom tcsut f vufrsm; cdik rf mwdusavav v_ŒH aqmf r_rsm; tm;aumif;avavjzpfonf? v_HŒaqmfr_rsm;aqmif±GufoltzdkŒ csdK;azmufcH onfh tcsurf sm;udk wdw f u d susox d m;avav rnfonft h csuu f kd udik I f v_ŒH aqmf &rnfudk oabmaygufavavjzpfonf? xdkŒtwGufa=umifh wduscdkifvHkaom

27

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

owif;tcsut f vufrsm; yhyH ;kd ay;jcif;jzifh aumif;rGeaf omAsL[mrsm; csrw S v f map Edkifayvdrfhrnf? tcsuftvufpHkprf;ppfaq;r+udk b,fvdkjyifqifrvJ? tcsuftvufpHkprf;ppfaq;&eftwGuf tqifhqifhjyifqif&efvdktyfonf? tu,fI rdrdpHkprf;ppfaq;rnfh vlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_owif;onf rdrdteD; tem;wGifjzpfyGm;onfqdkygu rdrdtaejzifh tvG,fwul csufcsif;oGm;a&muf pHkprf;Edkifrnfjzpfaomfvnf; oGm;vm&efrvG,fulaom &yfa0;ae&m odkŒr[kwf tE W & m,f ± S d a omae&mrsd K ;wG i f j zpf a eygu óud w if j yif q if r _ u d k rjzpf r aevk y f aqmif&rnf? xdkowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk rnfodkŒatmifjrifpGm&±Sdatmif vkyfedkifrnfudk óudwifjyifqifxm;rSomjzpfEdkifayvdrfhrnf? yxrOD;qHk;jyifqif&efrSm pHkprf;ppfaq;&onfh &nf±G,fcsufudk csrSwfjcif; jzpfonf? xdkŒaemuf pHkprf;ppfaq;r_udk rnfonfhyHkpHenf;vrf;rsdK;jzifh pHkprf;rnfudk qH;k jzwf&onf? xdak emufwiG rf S trSew f u,fppkH rf;ppfaq;&mwGif vdt k yfrnfh t&m rsm;udk jyifqif&rnfjzpfonf? xdkodkŒjyifqifr_r±Sdygu vdktyfaom owif;tcsuf rsm;udk aumif;rGepf mG &±SEd ikd rf nfr[kwyf g? jyifqifrr_ sm;udak tmufygtwdik ;f wqif+h yD; wqifh ðyvkyfEdkifonf? (1) pH k p rf ; ppf a q;&onf h & nf ± G , f c suf u d k csrS w f j cif ; / pHkprf;ppfaq;&onfh &nf±G,fcsufudk csrSwfjcif;qdkonfrSm rnfonfh &nf±G,fcsufjzifh pHkprf;&jcif;jzpfonfudk aocsmpGm owfrSwfod±Sdem;vnfxm;jcif; jzpfonf? bmtwGufa=umifh pHkprf;ppfaq;&onf/ b,fta=umif;t&m tcsuf rsm;udk rvGwfwrf;pHkprf;&rnf/ rnfonfhatmifjrifr_&±Sdatmif vkyfaqmif&rnf/ pHpk rf;ppfaq;r_t+yD; rnfonfh v_ŒH aqmfr_ (odŒk r[kw)f ta&;,l aqmif±u G rf r_ sKd ;udk vkyfaqmifEdkifrnfqdkaom tcsufrsm;udkyg óudwifpOf;pm; jyifqifxm;oifhonf?

28

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

odkŒrSom pHkprf;ppfaq;onfhtcgwGif xdktcsufrsm; atmifjrifatmif aqmif±Guf Edik &f eftwGuf vdt k yfaom tcsut f vufrsm;&±Sad tmif vkyaf qmif Edik af yvdrrhf nf? atmuf y gvk y f i ef ; pOf r sm;ud k wqif h c sif ; vk y f u d k i f r nf q d k y gu aumif ; rG e f a om jyifqifr_jzpfEdkifayrnf? • jzpfyGm;aomtr_udk ±Sif;vif;atmif avhvmyg? jzpfyGm;aomtr_ta=umif;udk ±Sif;vif;atmif avhvmpHkprf;jcif;jzifh rnfo h nft h cGit hf a&;rsm; csKd ;azmufc&H a=umif;udk odomvmayvdrrhf nf? tu,fI rnfonfhtcGifhta&;udkrS csdK;azmufjcif;r±Sdv#if tcsdefukefcHI pHkprf;ppfaq;&ef k yfaom tcsuf vdrk nfr[kwaf y? xdo k Œkd ±Si;f ±Si;f vif;vif;odomap&eftwGuf vdt rsm;jzpfaom jzpfysufyHk/ csdK;azmufcH&ol/ csdK;azmufonf[k pGyfpJGcH&ol/ yg0if ywfoufolrsm;/ csdK;azmufcH&aom ta=umif;t&m/ owif;ay;Edkifavmuf+yD; awGŒqHkar;jref;Edkifavmufaom rsufjrifoufaorsm;/ tjcm;owif;&if;jrpfrsm; ponfwŒkd udk pHpk rf;azmfxw k &f rnf? b,fou l b,foŒl udk b,fae&m b,ftcsed f wH;k u bma=umifh b,fvrkd sKd ;vkycf w hJ ,fqakd om pHpk rf;ar;jref;&mwGif tajccHtus qHk;jzpfaom (b) ajcmufvHk;tcsufrsm;udk pHkprf;&rnf? xd k o wif ; tcsuf t vuf r sm;ud k pH k p rf ; Ed k i f & ef t wG u f xd k o wif ; rsm; &±SdEdkifrnfh owif;&if;jrpfrsm;udk ±SmazG&rnf? owif;&if;jrpftrsdK;rsdK; ±SdEdkifrnf jzpfaomfvnf; trsm;qHk;&Edkifonfhowif;&if;jrpfrsm;rSm-rdrdtm; xdkowif;ay; aomol r sm;/ a'ocH t quf t oG , f r sm;/ owif ; pmrsm;/ a&'D , d k o wif ; rsm;/ tjcm;tzJGŒrsm;rSowif;rsm;/ rdrdESifhqufoG,fr_aumif;rGefaom tm%mydkifrsm; jzpf=uonf? rdrt d m; xdo k wif;ay;olrsm;rSm xdt k jzpftysut f a=umif; =um;odo/l jrifawGŒol/ aqGrsdK;todrdwfaqGrsm; jzpfwwf=uonf? xdkolrsm;xHrS jzpfEdkifor# owif;rsm;udk&,lI ±Sif;vif;atmifavhvmEdkifonf? xdkr#ru tcif;jzpfyGm;&m ae&mwGif aexdkifol/ v_yf±Sm;aqmif±Gufaeolrsm;jzpfonfh rdrd. tjcm;tquf toG,frsm;xHrSvnf; xdkowif;ta=umif;udk xyfrH&±SdEdkifonf? wcgwavwGif

29

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

xdkolrsm;xHrS csJŒum;aom/ r[kwfrrSefaom owif;rsm;vnf; &±Sdwwfonfh twGuf xdkowif;rsm;rSefuefr_±Sdr±Sd aocsmpGmppfaq;&efta&;}uD;vSonf? taumif;qHk;rSm xdktcif;jzpfyGm;&mae&modkŒ udk,fwdkifudk,fus oGm;a&mufpHkprf; jcif;yifjzpfonf? wcgw&HwiG f xdak 'owGi±f adS om tpd;k &r[kwaf om tzJŒG tpnf; rsm;wGifvnf; xdkowif;tcsuftvufrsm;±Sdaewwfonf? xdktzJGŒrsm;taejzifh xdktjzpftysufESifhywfoufI vdktyfaom ta&;,laqmif±Gufr_rsm;udk udk,fwdkif udk,fus vkyfaqmifEdkifr_±SdcsifrS±Sdrnf? odkŒaomf xdktzJGŒrsm;xHrS owif;rsm;udk rdrd&,lI vdktyfaomaqmif±Gufr_rsm; vkyfaqmifEdkifrnfjzpfonf? rsm;aomtm; jzifh tpdk;&tm%mydkifrsm;onf vlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_rsm;udk zkH;uG,f&ef óud;pm;wwf=uaomfvnf; wcgw&HwiG f rdrv d yk if ef;udk tm;ay;pmemaom tpd;k & tm%mydkifrsm;u rdrdtm; cdkifvHkaomowif;rsm; ay;wwf=uavh±Sdonf? xdk owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk toHk;ðy&mwGif rdrd tm; ulnDowif;ay;olrsm; rdrda=umifh tE W&m,frjzpfap&ef txl;owdðy&rnf? • yg0ifaeaom csdK;azmufr_rsm;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwfyg? txufygowif;&if;jrpfrsm;rS vdktyfaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &±S+d yD;ygu xdt k csurf sm;tay: tajccHI rnfonfv h Œl tcGit hf a&; csKd ;azmufrr_ sm; yg0ifywfoufaeonfudk avhvmazmfxkwf&efvdktyfonf? xdkrSwqifh csdK;azmuf aom tcsufrsm;onf rnfonfhEdkifiHawmfOya'ESifh EdkifiHwumOya'rsm;udk csdK; hf a&; csKd ;azmufr_ udpt P awmf azmufusL;vGeaf ea=umif; qef;ppf&rnf? vlŒtcGit rsm;rsm;onf vl w OD ; wa,muf c sif ; uusL;vG e f a om csd K ;azmuf r _ r [k w f b J oufqdkif&mtpdk;&. yg0ifywfoufaeonfh tcsufudkazmfxkwfjyoEdkifrS EdkifiH wum Oya'rsm;t& ta&;,laqmif±GufEdkifonfqdkaom tcsufudk t+rJwap owdcsyo f ifo h nf? vlwOD;wa,mufu usL;vGeaf om vlŒtcGit hf a&; csKd ;azmufr_ jzpfapumrl xdu k sL;vGerf w _ iG f oufqikd &f mEdik if aH wmftpd;k &. wm0efruif;a=umif; oufao/ ta=umif;t&m cdkifvHkpGm±SmazGwifjyEdkif&rnfudk owif;,lolrsm; owdðy&ayrnf? Oyrm - tdrw f iG ;f t=urf;zufrw _ ckwiG f usL;vGeo f o l nf omref

30

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

jynfolwa,mufjzpfaomfvnf; xdkodkŒusL;vGefr_rsm;udk [efŒwm;umuG,f&ef EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u ysufuGufaea=umif;/ xdktr_rsm;udk EdkifiHawmfu ta&;,l aqmif±Gufjcif;r±Sda=umif; azmfxkwfjyoEdkif&ef txl;vdktyfvSonf? odkŒrSom xdktdrfwGif; t=urf;zufr_onf omreftdrfwGif;udpPwckr[kwfombJ EdkifiHawmf tpd k ; &u umuG , f r _ a y;&ef y suf u G u f r _ / tjypf a y;aqmif ± G u f & ef y suf u G u f r _ / Oya'a=umif;t& trsdK;orD;rsm;udk wef;wlumuG,fr_ay;&ef ysufuGufr_wdkŒudk ay:vGifvmvdrfhrnf? xdkrSwqifh EdkifiHwumOya'rsm;t& oufqdkif&mtpdk;&udk xdt k csuw f Œkd udk vkyaf qmif&ef zdtm;ay;Edik rf nfjzpf+yD; aemufxyf tdrw f iG ;f t=urf; zufrr_ sm; ray:ayguv f ma&;twGuf umuG,[ f efŒwm;Edik af yvdrrhf nf? xdo k Œkd yg0if ywfoufaeaom vlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_rsm;udk t=urf;zsif;tm;jzifh awG;q xm;Edkifygu rdrdpHkprf;ppfaq;&jcif;. t"dutcsufrsm; vGwfoGm; Edkifrnfr[kwf awmhay? xkdr#ru rdrdodvdkonfh ta=umif;t&mrsm;&±Sdatmif rnfonfhar;cGef; rsm; ar;&rnfudkvnf; óudwifjyifqifEdkifayvdrfhrnf? • rdrdpHkprf;ppfaq;&jcif;. t"dutcsufrsm;udk owfrSwfyg? pHpk rf;ppfaq;&jcif;.&nf±, G cf su/f t"dutcsuw f Œkd rSm trsKd ;rsKd ;±SEd ikd o f nf? csKd ;azmufc&H ol trsKd ;orD;twGuf epfemcsurf sm;twGuf avsmaf =u;rsm; &atmif vkyfaqmifaom &nf±G,fcsufrSpI EdkifiHtwGif; trsdK;orD;rsm;tm;vHk; &ifqdkif cHpm;ae&aom trsdK;orD; tcGifhta&;rsm;udk azmfxkwfrSwfwrf;wif&ef ponf txd trsd K ;rsd K ;uJ G j ym;wwf o nf ? ao;i,f a om&nf ± G , f c suf r S o nf }uD ; rm; us,jf yefŒaom &nf±, G cf surf sm;txd us,jf yefŒvmwwfonfvnf; ±Sw d wfonf? Oyrm - trdsK;orD;wOD;udk tusO;f axmiftwGi;f vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m apmfum;r_wckukd azmfxkwfwifjy&if; vltrsm;pdwf0ifpm;vmum tusOf;axmiftwGif; jzpfyGm; aeaom tjcm;tjzpftysurf sm;udyk g pHpk rf;azmfxw k v f mwwfonf? rnfoŒkd jzpfjzpf rdrpd pkH rf;ppfaq;r_. &nf±, G cf suu f kd rsuaf jcrysurf o S m rdrv d v kd m;aom v_ŒH aqmfr_ ESifh ta&;,laqmif±Gufr_rsm; &±SdEdkifrnf?

31

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

(2) pH k p rf ; ppf a q;rnf h e nf ; vrf ; rsm;ud k owf r S w f j cif ; / pHkprf;ppfaq;r_rsm; ðyvkyfrnfholonf rdrdpHkprf;r_ ðyvkyfrnfhtajctae/ taetxm;ESifh udkufnDrnfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk toHk;ðy&efvdktyfonf? rdrdpHkprf;r_ ðyvkyfrnfhae&monf ppfyJGjzpfyGm;aeaomae&mvm;/ 'kuQonfpcef;xJwGif vm;/ rdrdtwGuf tE W&m,f±SdEdkifaomae&mvm;/ pdwfcsvHkòcHEdkifaomae&mvm;/ rdrdESifh bmompum;wlovm;/ uJGjym;ovm;[laom tajctaetrsdK;rsdK;udk óudwif pOf;pm;I taumif;qH;k tqifajyEdik rf nfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk a±G;cs,&f ayrnf? xdo k Œkd rwluJGjym;onfhtajctae trsdK;rsdK;ESihf udkufnDonfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk a±G;cs,frS om rdrdvdktyfaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk &±SdEdkifrnfhtjyif rdrd. pHkprf; ppfaq;r_rsm; atmifjrifrnfjzpfonf? pHpk rf;ppfaq;&rnfh taetxm;/ tajctaeudk rlwnfI vkyaf qmif&rnfh enf;vrf;rsm; trsKd ;rsKd ;taxGaxG±EdS ikd af omfvnf; rjzpfraevdu k ef m&onfh tajccH tcsuf oHk;csuf±Sdonf? ‚if;wdkŒrSm - (1) bufvdkufr_r±Sdjcif; (2) cdkifvHkr_±Sdjcif; (3) tao;pdwfusjcif; ponfwdkŒjzpfonf? bufvdkufr_r±Sdjcif;

cdkifvHkr_±Sdjcif;

32

- pHkprf;ppfaq;ol. yk*~dKvfpJGtjrifrsm;/ bufvdkufr_rsm; ryg0ifaom pHkprf;ppfaq;r_omv#if aumif;rGefaom pHkprf; ppfaq;r_[k ac:qdEk ikd af yrnf? owif;ay;ol/ rsujf rif ouf ao/ awGŒqHkajymqdkolrsm;. xGufqdkcsuf oufoufom jzpfatmif twwfEikd q f ;kH aocsmpGmvkyaf qmif pHpk rf;&rnf? tu,fI xdpk pkH rf;ppfaq;r_onf rsuEf mS vdu k af om/ wzuf oyfqefaom pHpk rf;ppfaq;r_ jzpfaernfqykd gu rcdik v f akH om aumufcsucf srr_ sm; ay:ayguv f mapEdik rf nf jzpf+yD; pGypf cGJ o H l zufuvnf; axmufjya0zefrr_ sm;/ csuu f svufuswek Œf jyef ajymqdkr_rsm;udk óuHawGŒ&zG,f±Sdonf? - vlŒtcGifhta&; óud;yrf;aqmif±Gufr_tm;vHk;. tcsuf tcsmaoG;a=umrSm toHk;ðyaomowif;tcsuftvuf/

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

tao;pdwfusjcif;

tjzpftysufwdkŒ. wduscdkifvHkr_jzpfonf? rdrdtoHk;ðyaom enf;vrf;trsdK;rsdK; ±Sdaumif;±SdEdkifaomfvnf; xdkenf;vrf; wdkif;onf owif;tcsuftvuf wdusr_&±SdapEdkifaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzpfatmif óud;yrf;&rnf? rdrdtoHk;ðyaom tcsuftvufwckck wduscdkifvHkr_r±Sdv#if rdrdvkyfaqmif aeaom vk y f i ef ; ud k xd c d k u f a p,H k r S r ubJ rd r d u l n D & ef &nf±G,fvkyfaqmifaeaom vlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufcHol rsm;udkyg xdcdkufepfem aprnfudk tpOfowdðy&rnf? - tao;pd w f u saom tcsuf t vuf r sm;uvnf ; rd r d vkyfief;udk atmifjrifatmif pGrf;aqmifay;Edkifonf? rdrd. awGŒ±Scd suo f nf tao;pdwu f savav/ ydrk t kd oH;k usavav jzpfa=umif; awGŒ±Sd&onf?

xdkazmfjyygtajccHtcsufoHk;csufpvHk;ESifh udkufnDaom pHkprf;ppfaq;r_ jzpfap&eftwGuf atmufygtcsufrsm;udk tpOfowdðy&ayrnf? • ta&;}uD;onfh yg0ifywfoufolrsm;udk wdwdususazmfxkwfowfrSwfjcif;/ pHpk rf;ppfaq;jcif;rðyrD pHpk rf;ppfaq;onfh &nf±, G cf suu f kd csrw S pf Ofumv rSmyif xdkvlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_tjzpftysufwGif rnfolrsm;u ta&;ygaom tcef;u yg0ifa=umif;ukd wGufqcefŒrSef;Edkifonf? rdrdpHkprf;rnfh owif;tcsuf tvufukd rnforl sm;u ay;Edik rf nf/ rnfoŒl xHr&S ±SEd ikd o f nfukd óudwifcefŒrSe;f jcif; onf ta&;}uD;onfh yg0ifywfoufolrsm;udk wdwdususazmfxkwfowfrSwfjcif; tqifhyifjzpfonf? odkŒrSom vdktyfonfrsm;udk óudwifjyifqifEdkifrnfjzpfonf? xdkolrsm;onf vlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufcH&oltrsdK;orD;rsm;/ olwdkŒ. aqGrsdK; oli,fcsif;rsm;/ xdkupd Pudk vdkufvHaqmif±Gufaeonfh tjcm;v_yf±Sm;aqmif±Gufol rsm;/ csKd ;azmufo[ l pk yG pf cGJ &H olrsm;/ xdt k jzpftysuu f kd twdtuso±d o dS rl sm;/ cdik v f kH aom owif;rsm;ay;Edik o f rl sm; jzpfavh±o dS nf? rdrv d t kd yfaom owif;tcsurf sm; ay;Edkifavmufolrsm;udk óudwifowfrSwfEdkifjcif;jzifh rnfhonfhbmompum;udk

33

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

toHk;ðy&rnf? bmomjyeftjzpfrnfolu taumif;qHk;ulnDay;Edkifrnf? vdktyf onfh tjcm;owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk rnfolutwdusqHk; ay;EdkifrnfwdkŒudk wGufqEdkifrnf? csdK;azmufol[kcefŒrSef;&olrsm;udk óudwifazmfxkwfowfrSwfEdkifyguvnf; rdrdtwGuftusdK;±SdEdkifonf? tu,fI trsdK;orD;wOD;udk &Jt&m±SdwOD;u rk'def; usifhonfhtr_udk pHkprf;ppfaq;ygu EdkifiHtpdk;&. wm0ef±Sdr_udk azmfxkwfwifjy Edik &f eftwGuf xdt k &m±S. d txuft&m±Su d kd awGŒqHak r;jref;Edik rf nf? odŒk aomf trsKd ; orD;wOD;udk olr.tjcm;todwOD;u rk'def;usifhcJh+yD; &JwyfzJGŒu vHkavmufaom umuG,faqmif±Gufr_rsm;/ ulnDaqmif±Gufr_rsm; rvkyfaqmifonfh udpPudk pHkprf; ppfaq;rnfqdkygu a'ocH&JwyfzJGŒrS wm0ef±Sdolrsm;/ txuft&m±Sdrsm;tjyif tjcm;olrsm;udkvnf; ar;jref;pHkprf;&efvdktyfvm+yDjzpfonf? xdktr_udpPwGif EdkifiHawmftpdk;&wGif wm0ef±Sda=umif; xifxif±Sm;±Sm; jyoEdkif&eftwGuf xdkodkŒ aom tr_rsdK;rSm wckwnf;/ wcgw&HrSomjzpfaom tr_rsdK;r[kwfbJ &JwyfzJGŒu xd k o d k Œ wm0ef y suf u G u f r _ r sm;/ vpf [ if ; r_ r sm;/ ta&;r,l r _ r sm;ud k r=umc% vkyaf qmifaea=umif; ay:vGiaf prnft h csuu f kd xifxif±mS ;±Sm; jyoEdik &f ef vdt k yf onf? xdkodkŒay:vGifEdkif&eftwGuf &JwyfzJGŒrS txufvl}uD; wOD;udkom awGŒqHk ar;jref;jcif;r[kwfbJ xdktcsufudk cdkifrmaprnfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ay;Edkif rnfh tjcm;vlaygi;f rsm;pGmudk pHpk rf;&rnfjzpfa=umif; em;vnfvmayrnf? xdo k rl sm; udkvnf; óudwifazmfxkwfowfrSwfxm;Edkifrnfjzpfonf? • vdktyfaomowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk óudwifjyifa&;qJGxm;jcif;/ tajctaetawmf r sm;rsm;wG i f rnf o nf h o wif ; tcsuf t vuf r sm; &±SdEdkifrnfudk óudwifwGufqEdkifrnfr[kwfaomfvnf; trSefwu,fvdktyfonfh tcsufrsm; usef&pfjcif;r±Sdatmif jyifqif&rnf? xdktcsufrsm;xJwGif “b,fvdk vlŒtcGit hf a&;csKd ;azmufrj_ zpfovJ? xdck sKd ;azmufr[ _ m &Hzef&cH gjzpfjcif; (odŒk r[kw)f pepfwus&nf±, G cf su±f ±dS jdS zifh csKd ;azmufaejcif;vm;/ csKd ;azmufoal wG[m rnfov l ?J csd K ;azmuf r _ a =umif h rnf o l a wG x d c d k u f e pf e mqH k ; ±H _ ; oG m ;ovJ ? csd K ;azmuf r _

34

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

usL;vGefyHktqifhqifh±Sdygu b,fvdkcsdK;azmufcJhovJ? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u b,fvdk wkeŒf jyefaqmif±u G af o;cJo h vJ” ponft h csurf sm; rarhravsmyh g0ifatmif t+rJpw d f ESvHk;oGif;xm;&rnf? vdktyfaomtcsuftvufrsm; ar;jref;pOftwGif; rusefcJh ap&eftwGuf vdt k yfonft h csut f vufrsm;/ ar;cGe;f rsm;udk óudwifpm&if; ðyvkyf xm;oifo h nf? xdo k Œkd ðyvkyx f m;jcif;jzifh tcsut f vufrsm;rusecf , hJ rkH #ru tcsed f ukefvnf; oufomaponf? vlŒtcGifhta&;owif;rsm; oGm;a&mufpHkprf;olrsm; onf tcsdefumvwdkwdktwGif; vdktyfaom tcsuftvufrsm; jynfhpHkpGm&±Sd&ef twGuf óud;yrf;&avh±SdonfhtwGuf tcsdefukeftusdK;r±Sdrjzpfap&ef ,ckuJhodkŒ ar;cGef;rsm; óudwifjyifqifoifhonf? • owif;tcsuftvuf&Edkifrnfh owif;&if;jrpfae&mrsm;udk azmfxkwf owfrSwfjcif;/ rnfonfhowif;rsm;udk pHkprf;&rnfudkqHk;jzwfjcif;xuf xdkowif;rsm;udk rnfolxHu&±SdEdkifrnf[laomtcsufudk ydkrdkcufcJwwfonf? txufwGifazmfjy xm;aom trsdK;orD;wa,mufudk todrdwfaqGwOD;u rk'def;usifhonfh tjzpf tysufudk &JwyfzJGŒuta&;,laqmif±Gufay;r_ r±Sdonfhta=umif;tm; pHkprf; azmfxkwfrnfqdkygu pHkprf;ppfaq;olonf xdktcsufay:vGifaprnfh ta=umif; t&mrsm;udk ±SmazGazmfxkwf&rnfjzpfa=umif; tvG,fwul od±Sdem;vnfaumif; em;vnfayvdrrhf nf? odŒk aomf xdt k a=umif;t&mrsm;udk rnfoal wGu od±EdS ikd rf nf? rnfolxHrS &±SdEdkifrnf/ rnfoluxkwfazmfajymqdkvdrfhrnf/ xdkolrsm;udkrnfuJhodkŒ qufoG,far;jref;EdkifrnfqdkaomtcsufrSm trSefwu,f rvG,fulaom udpPyif jzpfonf? txl;ojzifh trsKd ;orD;rsm;tay: vlŒtcGit hf a&; csKd ;azmufrt _ rsm;pkrS vlo±d iS =f um;r[kwb f J vlrodorl od wdrðf ryfaewwfonft h wGuf xdt k jzpftysuf twGuf vdt k yfaomowif;rsm;udk rnfoal y;Edik rf vJ[k vdu k v f pH pkH rf;±SmazG&onfh tvkyrf mS cufcw J wfonf? rnfoŒkd yifqakd p pHpk rf;ppfaq;r_wikd ;f twGuf owif;rsm; &±SEd ikd af omae&m&if;jrpfrsm; ±Spd +rJjzpfonf? Ttjzpftysuw f iG f yg0ifEikd rf nfo h rl sm;/ vdktyfonfhowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk óudóudwifwifjyifqifEdkifavav xdk owif;rsm;udk ay;Edkifrnfholrsm;udk tcsdefwdkwdktwGif; ±SmazGEdkifavavjzpfonf?

35

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

xdkjzpftysufjzpfyGm;aomae&mrsm;/ owif;&Edkifaomae&mrsm;rS a'ocHrsm;ESifh tquftoG,faumif;rGefaeygu xdkolrsm;u rdrdvdktyfaom owif;twGuf ay;Edkifrnfholrsm;udk ulnD±SmazGpkaqmif;ay;Edkifvdrfhrnf? rdrdESifh qufoG,fa&; aumif;rGefaom/ rdrdvkyfief;udk em;vnfulnDaom a'ocHrsm;xH rdrdvma&muf pHkprf;rnfhta=umif; óudwifowif;ay;ydkŒxm;ygu xdkoltquftoG,frsm;u rdrdudkulnDEdkifayvdrfhrnf? xdkŒtwGufa=umifh tjcm;tzJGŒtpnf;rsm;/ a'ocHtzJGŒ tpnf ; rsm;/ tquf t oG , f r sm;ES i f h t+rJ r jywf q uf o G , f a e&ef v d k t yf o vd k aumif;rGefaom qufoG,fa&;±Sdxm;&efvnf; ta&;ygvSonf? • trSefwu,fvdktyfrnfh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk óudwifjyifqifjcif; owif;rsm;udk oGm;a&mufpHkprf;jcif;rðyrD xdkc&D;pOftwGufvdktyfrnfh vltm;/ aiGtm;/ ±kyf0wWKypPnf;rsm; tm;vHk;udk óudwifwGufqjyifqifxm;&rnf? xdkŒtjyif tjcm;jzpfEdkifrnhfvdktyfcsufrsm;tm;vHk;udkvnf; jyifqifxm;oifhonf? oGm;a&mufpHkprf;rnfholonf vlŒtcGifhta&;Oya'rsm;/ okawoeESifh ta&;tom;u|rf;usifr_ toifhtwihf±Sdxm;oifhonf? ta&;}uD;onfh t&nf tcsif;rSm tjcm;olrsm;ESifh qufqHa&;ajyjypfr_yifjzpfonf? tajymtqdk ajyjypfr_ tjyif tjcm;olrsm;. ,Ofaus;r_"avhxHk;pHrsm;tay: av;pm;wwfr_rSmvnf; ta&;}uD;aom tcsuw f csujf zpfonf? txl;ojzifh pHpk rf;ppfaq;olEiS hf a&ajrtae txm;rwlaom/ ,Ofaus;r_"avhx;kH pHujGJ ym;aom tajctaersKd ;wGif xd"k avhx;kH pH rsm;udk rapmfum;rd&efvt kd yfvo S nf? tcsKd Œaom pHpk rf;ppfaq;r_rsKd ;wGif aq;ynm ±Sirf sm;ESihf tjcm;aomynm&yfqikd &f m u|r;f usio f rl sm; ppfaq;&ef vdt k yfaumif; vdktyfrnfjzpfojzifh xdkolrsm;vdkufygedkif&ef vG,frvG,fudk óudwifjyifqif&rnf? txufygt&nftcsif;rsm;omru oGm;a&mufpHkprf;rnfholonf owif;tcsuf tvufrsm; pkaqmif;jcif; twwfynm/ ar;cGef;ar;jref;jcif; twwfynmrsm; u|rf;usif&ef txl;ta&;}uD;vSonf? tu,fIu|rf;usifr_ r±Sdao;ygu roGm; a&mufru D mvtwGi;f u|r;f usirf ±_ v dS map&ef avhusirhf r_ sm;/ oifwef;rsm;ay;jcif; rsm; vkyfaqmif&rnf?

36

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

xd‹k jyif tjcm;ta&;}uD;aom t&mrsm;jzpfonhf aiGa=u;vHak vmuf&efEiS hf ±ky0f wWKypPn;f rsm;jzpfonfh toHzrf;puf/ uifr&mponfwŒkd udk óudwifjyifqif&efrmS r±SdrjzpfvdktyfvSonf? pufypPnf;ud&d,mrsm; ,laqmifrnfqdkygu ‚if;ESifh wygxnf;vdt k yfonft h jcm;ypPn;f rsm; (Oyrm- toHzrf;puf,al qmifrnfqykd gu uuf q uf acG / "mwf c J ponf j zif h ) wd k Œ ud k rarh a vsmh & ef v d k o nf ? xk d r #ru xdyk pPn;f rsm;udk toH;k ðywwf&ef avhusix hf m;oifo h nf? roGm;a&mufrD prf;oyfI toHk;ðyI&r& ppfaq;oifhonf? owif;tcsuftvufpHkprf;ppfaq;oltm;a±G;cs,fjcif; - tcsut f vufppkH rf;olonf Edik if aH &;tpJu G if;I rsuEf mS vdu k rf r_ ±Sb d J tjzpfreS f h nf? tpJrG ±S&d [kqakd omfvnf; vlŒ udk yuwdtwdik ;f ±_jrifEikd af omoljzpfoifo tcGifhta&;tpJGawmh±Sd&ayrnf? - tcsuftvufpHkprf;olonf awGŒqHkar;jref;enf;/ owif;tcsuftvuf pkaqmif;enf;rsm;udk wwfu|r;f xm;&rnft h jyif oGm;a&mufppkH rf;rnfh ae&m a'o. yx0Dtaetxm;ESihf jzpfysuaf eaomvuf±t dS ajctaewdŒk udk &if;ES;D u|rf;0ifatmif vkyfaqmifxm;oifhonf? - tcsuftvufpHkprf;olrsm;udk a±G;cs,f&mwGif enf;AsL[mususa±G;cs,foifh onf? vlord sm;xif±mS ;olrsm;yg0ifygu rdrpd pkH rf;ppfaq;aom tcsut f vuf rsm;twGuf cdkifvHkr_±Sdonf[laom tcsufudk jzpfay:apaomfvnf; wjcm; wzufwGif rvdkvm;tyfaom pdwf0ifpm;r_rsm;jzpfay:wwfonf? xdkŒa=umifh rnfonfhtcsufudkOD;pm;ay;&rnfudk pOf;pm;&rnf? - tu,f I vd i f y d k i f ; qd k i f & m apmf u m;cH & aom trsd K ;orD ; rsm;ta=umif ; oGm;a&mufppkH rf;ygu pHpk rf;ar;jref;ola&m/ bmomjyefow l Œkd a&myg trsKd ;orD; rsm;jzpfoifo h nf? xdŒk tjyif xdt k rsKd ;orD;rsm;tm; rnfoŒkd ar;cGe;f rsm;ar;&rnf/ rnfuJhodkqufqH&rnfwdkŒudk aumif;pGmem;vnfavhusifhxm;aomolrsm; jzpfoifhonf? - tkyfpkvdkuf pHkprf;ppfaq;a&;tzJGŒrsdK;zJGŒxm;ygu tvGeftrif;qdk;0g;aom tðytrlrsKd ; usL;vGejf cif;rSvI GJ tzJŒG 0ifrsm;udk xkwyf ,fypfjcif;/ wm0efr&S yfpJ

37

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ypfjcif;/ ajymif;vJcefŒxm;jcif;rðyoifhay? - pHkprf;ppfaq;olrsm;u &±Sdxm;aomawGŒ±Sdcsufrsm;udk pHkprf;r_. &nf±G,fcsuf twGuo f m toH;k ðy&rnfjzpf+yD; tjcm;ud, k u f sKd ;twGut f oH;k ðyjcif;/ yk*Kd~ vfa&; twGuf toHk;ðyjcif;r±Sdap&? - pHkprf;ppfaq;olrsm;wGifcHpm;&wwfonfh pdwfzdpD;r_rsm;/ pdwfydkif;qdkif&m cHpm;r_rsm;jzpfay:vmygu oufqdkif&mtzJGŒtpnf;rsm;u xdkolrsm;twGuf pdwfzdpD;r_yaysmufa&;twGuf pdwfydkif;qdkif&mt}uHay;r_rsm;axmufyhHay;jcif;/ tem;ay;jcif;rsm;vkyfaqmifoifhonf? bmomjyefola±G;cs,fjcif; tajctaetawmfrsm;rsm;wGif bmomjyefolrsm; r±Sdrjzpfvdktyfwwf onf? xdkŒtwGuf xdkolrsm;.tcef;u¾rSmvnf; ta&;ygvSonf? bmomjyef rnfholonf vdktyfonfhbmompum;udk u|rf;usifpGmajymwwf,Hkr#rubJ tpJG uif;r_/ wduscdkifvHkr_/ tao;pdwfusr_[laom pHkprf;ppfaq;r_. t"du*k%foduQm rsm;udk rxdcdkufapaomolvJ jzpf&rnf? awGŒqHkar;jref;ol.ajymqdkcsufrsm;udk rlvtwdkif;wduspGm waoGrwdrf; bmomjyefEdkifoljzpf&efvdktyfonf? xdkŒjyif ar;cGef;rsm;udkbmomjyef&mwGif wzufom;xdcdkuf/ cHpm;r_jzpfaprnfhpum;rsm;udk a±Smif=uOfoHk;wwfol jzpfoifh onf? txl;ojzifh vdifydkif;qdkif&mapmfum;r_rsm ;ta=umif;pHkprf;&mwGif ar;jref; aom ar;cGe;f rsm;twdik ;f wdu k ±f u kd 'f 'hJ ;kd bmomjyefjcif;r[kwb f J wzufom; em;cH omrnfh toHk;tEHl;rsm;udk ±SmazGoHk;wwfoljzpfonf? xdkŒjyifbmomjyefolrsm;onf owif;ay;rnfholu vdkufvdkufavsm avsm ajymqdv k o kd nfo h rl sm;jzpfoifo h nf? tcsKd Œae&mrsm;wGif bmomjyefonfo h l onf vlŒtcGihfta&;csdK;azmufolrsm;ESifh qufpyfoljzpfaeygu owif;ay;olrsm; taejzifh owif;ay;&efr0hrH &Jjzpfapwwfonf? xdŒk twGuaf =umifh bmomjyefrnfh olrsm;. aemufa=umif;udkvJ avhvm&efvdktyfonf?

38

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

vHkòcHa&;udpPrsm; aqmif±Gufjcif;/ vHkòcHa&;[kqdkvdkufv#if rdrdtwGufomru rdrdtm;owif;ay;olrsm;ESifh rdrdESifh yl;aygif;ulnDolrsm;twGuf vHkòchHa&;udkyg xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ayrnf? pHkprf; ppfaq;r_twGuf jyifqifonfhtcsdefuxnf;u ay:aygufvmEdkifaom tE W&m,f rsm;udk awG;awmI taumif;qH;k vHòk cHr±_ adS &;twGuf jyifqif&rnf? yxrOD;qH;k rSm rdrdtwGufvHkòcHa&;yifjzpfonf? rdrdtwGuftE W&m,f±SdEdkifrnfh tajctaersdK; aocsmygu rsufpdpHkrdSwfIpGefŒpm;jcif;rsdK;udka±Smif=uOfoifhonf? owif;rsm;&&ef ta&;}uD;onfreS af omfvnf; rdrt d ouftE &W m,fux kd cd u kd yf gu xdo k wif;rsm;vJ qHk;±_H;oGm;Edkifonfqdkaomtcsufudk t+rJowdðy&rnf? tu,fI rdrdwpHkw&m tE &W m,fawGŒaea=umif; csucf si;f odEikd &f eftwGuf qufo, G &f rnft h quftoG,f rsm;/ jyefa&muf&efcefŒrSef;aeŒ&ufrsm;udk t+rJðyvkyfxm;yg? odkŒrSom qufoG,f &rnfhtcsdef/ jyefa&muf&rnfhtcsdeftxd rqufoG,f/ jyefra&mufygu rdrdwckck jzpfaeonfqdkonfudk tjcm;olrsm;od±Sd+yD; vdkufvHpHkprf;Edkifvdrfhrnf? xdkaemuf owdðy&rnfhtcsufrSm rdrd&±Sdxm;aomrSwfwrf;rsm;/ owif; tcsuftvufrsm;twGuf vHkòcHr_jzpfonf? xdkowif;tcsuftvufrsm;ygonfh rSww f rf;pmtkyrf sm;udk rdrEd iS t hf +rJwap twlwuGjzpfygap? tjcm;olrsm; tvG,f wulzwf±_Edkifrnfhae&mrsdK;/ tvG,fwulcdk;,lzsufpD;Edkifrnfh tajctaersdK;wGif vH;k 0rxm;cJyh gEiS ?hf uGejf yLwmxJwiG f rSww f rf;rsm;odr;f qnf;xm;ygu xdzk ikd rf sm;udk tjcm;rnfolurS zGifhIr&aom tpDtpOfrsm;vkyfxm;yg? d wm0efjzpfonfukd rarh rdr. d tquftoG,rf sm;. vHòk cHa&;rSmvnf; rdr. avsmyh gEiS ?hf rdrad =umifh xdo k rl sm; tE &W m,frjzpfap&ef ,cifuxnf;u trnf&if; rsm;roH;k bJ eHrnf0u S rf sm;/ pum;0Surf sm;oH;k oifo h vm; óudwifpOf;pm;yg? tu,f I oHk;&efvdktyfygu rnfuJhodkŒenf;rsdK;jzifh vHkòcHatmifoHk;rnfvJqdkonfudk jyifqifyg?

39

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

&±SdEdkifrnfhowif;&if;jrpfrsm; vlŒtcGifhta&; csdK;azmufr_ pHkprf;ppfaq;&mwGif owif;rsm;&±SdEdkifrnfh owif;&if;jrpfrsm; trsm;tjym;±SEd ikd o f nf? xdo k wif;&if;jrpfrsm;udt k ajccHtm;jzifh ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm;cJGjcm;Edkifonf? ‚if;wdkŒrSm - (1) wdkuf±dkufowif;&if;jrpf odkŒr[kwf yxrowif;&if;jrpfEiS hf (2) wdu k ±f u kd rf [kwaf om owif;&if;jrpf odŒk r[kwf 'kw, d aemufqufwJGowif;&if;jrpfrsm;wdkŒjzpfonf? rdrdpHkprf;ppfaq;aeaom ta=umif; t&mESifhywfoufI wduscdkifvHkaomowif;rsm;&±Sdap&ef xdkowif; &if;jrpf trsdK;rsdK;wdkŒrS owif;rsm;&Edkifor# &atmif±Sm&efrSm pHkprf;ppfaq;ol. wm0ef omjzpfonf? owif;&if;jrpfrsm;tm;vHk;rS owif;rsm;&&efvG,fulrnfr[kwfyg? xdkŒ twGuaf =umifh rdrpd pkH rf;ppfaq;rnft h a=umif;t&mrsm;udk rnfo h nfo h wif; &if;jrpf rsm;xHrS &±S&d efv, G u f El ikd rf nfukd cefŒrSe;f xm;&rnf? Oyrm - ESyd pf uf!i‡ ;f yrf;r_qykd g u udk,fwdkifóuHawGŒ&aom um,uH±SifrSvJGI rsufjrifoufao rsm;rsm;pm;pm; ±SEd ikd rf nfr[kwyf g? xdu k o hJ Œkd aomtr_rsKd ;wGif rsujf rifoufaoxuf um,uH±iS u f ydrk w kd u d saomtcsurf sm; ay;Edik rf nfjzpfonft h wGuf um,uH±iS f owif;&if;jrpfukd óud;pm;±Sm&rnf? odkŒaomf rw&m;owfjzwfaom owfjzwfr_ owif;twGuf um,uH±Sifudk±SmazGjcif;xuf rsufjrifoufaorsm;udk ±SmazGjcif;u ydkrdkvG,ful wwfonfhtwGuf owif;ay;Edkifrnfh rsufjrifoufao&if;jrpfrsm;udk ±Sm&rnf? odŒk aomf cdik v f akH omowif;rsm;udk tay;Edik q f ;kH olrmS um,uH±iS rf sm; (odŒk r[kw)f yxrowif;&if;jrpfrsm; (odkŒr[kwf) wdkuf±dkufowif;&if;jrpfrsm; jzpfaoma=umifh f ;kH OD;pm;ay;±SmazG&rnf? um,uH±iS u f xGuf xdo k wif;&if;jrpfrsm;udk twwfEikd q qdak om xGuq f ckd surf sm;onf twdusq;kH jzpfrnf? tao;pdwu f srnf? xdŒk a=umifh xdkolrsm;ESifh wdkuf±dkufawGŒqHkI tao;pdwfar;cGef;rsm; ar;Edkifv#if taumif;qHk; jzpfonf? um,uH±iS f r[kwaf omfvnf; tjzpftysuu f kd rsujf rifu, kd u f sóuHawGŒ cJh&olrsm;xHrS&±Sdaom owif;rsm;uvnf; teD;pyfqHk;wduscdkifvHkEdkifonf? wdkuf±dkufr[kwfaomowif;&if;jrpf (odkŒr[kwf) 'kwd,aemufqufwJG

40

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

owif;&if;jrpfrsm;rSmvnf; wdu k ±f u kd af wGŒqHak r;jref;csurf sm;udk aemufqufwGJ yhyH ;kd ay;Edik o f nft h wGuf xd&k if;jrpfrsm;udv k nf; ±SmazGoifo h nf? xdo k wif;&if;jrpfrsm;rS aeI tjzpftysuf.aemufcHordkif;a=umif;rsm;udk ydkrdkod±SdvmEdkifonf? yxr xGufqdkcsufowif;rsm; rSefuefr_±Sda=umif;udk axmufcHyHhydk;ay;apEdkifonf? xdkŒ twGuf xd&k if;jrpfrsm;rSmvnf; ta&;ygonf? xdo k wif;&if;jrpfrsm;rSm trsm;tm; jzifh w&m;±H;k xGuq f ckd surf sm;/ =um;emppfaq;r_rw S w f rf;rsm;/ aq;ppfwrf;rsm;/ &ifc±GJ kH rSwfwrf;rsm;/ tcif;jzpfyGm;&mudk±dkuful;xm;aom "mwfyHkrSwfwrf;rsm;/ '%f&m rsm;udk rSww f rf;wifxm;aom "mwfyrkH sm;/ w&m;0iftrdeŒf a=unmcsurf sm;/ trdeŒf atmf'grsm;/ w&m;0ifpm±Gufpmwrf;rsm;/ owif;pmrSwfwrf;rsm;/ tjcm; tzJGŒ tpnf;rsm;uxkwfjyefxm;aomowif;rsm; ponfwdkŒjzpfwwfonf? owif;rsm;udk rnfuJhodkŒpkaqmif;rvJ? vlŒtcGit hf a&;csKd ;azmufr_ owif;rsm;udk pHpk rf;&mwGif trsm;qH;k toH;k ðy aom enf;vrf;rSm awGŒqHak r;jref;jcif;enf; (Interview) jzpfonf? xdak wGŒqHk ar; jref;jcif;tm; tajctaetay:rlwnfI ae&mra±G;/ tcsdefra±G;vkyfEdkifonf? odkŒ aomf atmifjriftusdK;±Sdaom awGŒqHkar;jref;jcif; jzpfap&eftwGuf atmufyg tcsufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnf? • ae&ma±G;cs,fjcif; awGŒqHak r;jref;aomae&monf owif;ay;rnfo h t l wGuv f òkH cHaomae&m/ od±Sdxm;aom tcsuftvufrsm;udk pdk;&drfa=umuf±HGŒr_r±SdbJ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf ajymqdkEdkifrnfhae&mjzpf&rnf? owif;ay;rnfholtaejzifh rnfonfhae&mwGif ajymvdkonfudkar;jref;+yD; olŒqENtwdkif;a±G;cs,fapygu ydkrdktqifajyayvdrfhrnf? taumif;qH;k rSm tjcm;olrsm;ESihf a&ma&maESmaESmr±Sad om ae&mrsKd ;/ tajctae rsKd ;wGif owif;ay;oltaeESihf vGwv f w G v f yfvyfajymvdrrhf nfjzpfonf? rdrad jymqdk aeaom tcsufrsm;udk tjcm;olrsm;u0dkif;0ef;em;axmifaeygu xdkoltaejzifh ajymqdk&efwGefŒqkwfaeayvdrfhrnf? b,fvdkrSrjzpfEdkifaom tajctaersdK;wGifrS

41

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

tkyfpkvdkufawGŒqHkar;jref;jcif;udk vkyfaqmifyg? awGŒqHkar;jref;r_udk ppfwyf/ &Jwyf zJGŒ0ifrsm;a±SŒarSmufwGif rnfonfhtcgrSrðyvkyfygESifh? • awGŒqHkrnfhola±G;cs,fjcif; tjzpftysuftay:rlwnfI awGŒqHkar;jref;&rnfh oltrsdK;rsdK; uJGjym; Edik o f nf? taumif;qH;k owif;ay;Edik o f rl sm;rSm um,uH±iS rf sm;/ rsujf rifoufao rsm;jzpfonfhtwGuf xdkolrsm;udk OD;pm;ay;awGŒ&rnf? xdkŒaemufrdrdpHkprf;aeaom tjzpf t ysuf t a=umif ; ud k yd k r d k e m;vnf o abmayguf a prnf h tcsuf t vuf owif;rsm; ay;Edik rf nfo h rl sm;udk awGŒqHak r;jref;Edik o f nf? xdo k rl sm;rSm csKd ;azmufr_ usL;vGecf &H olta=umif;udk aocsmpGmodo/l xdo k . l rdom;pk0ifrsm;/ aus;±Gmol}uD; rsm;/ rdwfaqGoli,fcsif;rsm;/ tvkyfvkyfzufrsm;/ w&m;±Hk;udpPjzpfygu xdkol. a±SŒaersm;jzpfwwfonf? owdðy&eftcsurf mS xdo k rl sm;rSwqifh ydrk I kd cdik v f akH om owif;rsm;&Edkifonfh tjcm;owif;&if;jrpfrsm;xyfrHxGufay: vmwwfonf? xdktcgrsdK;wGif xdkowif;&if;jrpfrsdK;udk awGŒqHkEdkifatmif xyfrH±SmazG&rnf? aemufxyfowif;rsm; ay;Edkifolrsm;rSm '%f&mudkaq;ukoay;aom aq;0efxrf;rsm;/ aq;ppfwrf;xkwfay;aomolrsm;/ aopm&if;xkwfay;olrsm;vJ jzpfwwfonf? xdkolrsm;xHrS jzpfyGm;aom '%f&mrsm;ta=umif;/ ESdyfpufcH&r_ tao;pdwfta=umif;t&mrsm;/ '%f&mtwdrfteufudktajccHI usL;vGefol. &nf±G,fcsuftrsdK;rsdK;wdkŒudk ±SmazGawGŒ±SdEdkifonf? • awGŒqHkar;jref;jcif;vkyfief;tqifhqifh - rdwfqufjcif; awGŒqHak r;jref;jcif;rpwifrD rdr&d nf±, G cf sub f mjzpfonf rdrb d mvky&f rnf udk ±Sif;±Sif;vif;vif;odxm;&ayrnf? rdrdawGŒqHkar;jref;rnfholudkvnf; rdrd ta=umif;/ tzJGŒtpnf;ta=umif;/ awGŒqHkar;jref;&onfh&nf±G,fcsuf/ xdkowif; tcsuftvufrsm;udk rnfodkŒqufvufvkyfaqmifrnf/ tpD&ifcHa&;rnfqdkygu

42

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

rnfolawGxHay;ydkŒrnf ponfwdkŒudk ±Sif;vif;ajymqdk&efvdktyfonf? xdkodkŒ vkyf aqmifro S m vma&mufar;jref;olonf rnforl nf0gjzpfonf? bmtwGuaf =umifh vma&muf o nf / bmta=umif ; ajym&rnf w d k Œ ud k owif ; ay;rnf h o l t aejzif h em;vnfrnfjzpf+yD; owif;ay;&ef oufawmifhoufomjzpfayrnf? - cGifhawmif;jcif; xdkodkŒrdwfquf±Sif;vif;t+yD; owif;ay;rnfholtm; owif;,lcGifhðyrðy cGifhawmif;&efvdktyfonf? trnf/ "mwfyHk/ toHrsm;toHk;ðycGifh±Sdr±Sdudk óudwifI ±Sif;±Sif;vif;vif;cGifhawmif;yg? xdkolcGifhðyEdkifrnfht&mrsm;/ cGifhrðyEdkifrnfht&mrsm;/ rdrdzufuvdkufemapmifhxdef;&rnfhudpPrsm;udk ±Sif;±Sif;vif;vif;oabmayguf+yD;rS awGŒqHkar;jref;jcif;udk a±SŒqufoifhonf? rdrdtm;,Hk=unfpdwfcspGmjzifhajymaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk tjcm;olrsm;tm; ajym=um;jcif;/ odapjcif;rsm; vkyfrnfr[kwfa=umif; odygap? xdkolutoHk;ðycGifhray;aom tcsuftvuf rSeo f r#ukd rdrt d aejzifh vH;k 0toH;k ðyrnfr[kwaf =umif; xdo k , l =kH unfygap? xko d Œkd trnfoHk;cGifhrðyygu trnfwyfwdkif=um; ta&;,laqmif±GufrnfhudpPrsdK;udk aqmif±GufEdkifrnfr[kwfa=umif; xdkolŒudk ±Sif;vif;jyyg? tu,fI "mwfyHk±dkuf toHzrf;jcif;rsm; ðyrnfqykd gu xdo k t l aejzifh pdwt f aESmuft,Suf jzpfapavmuf onftxd rvkyfaqmifoifhay? • rSwfwrf;wifjcif; owif ; ay;rnf h o l u =unf = unf o momjzif h cG i f h ð y+yD ; onf h a emuf r S rSwfwrf;wifjcif;udkvkyfaqmif&rnf? tajccHtusqHk;/ tvdktyfqHk;jzpfonfh atmufygtcsufrsm;udk rSwfwrf;pwif&rnf? owif;ay;ol.trnf vdif vlrsdK; tdrfaxmiftajctae ae&yf

touf bmom tvkyftudkif

43

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

xdkol.yHkyrf;o¾mef awGŒqHkonfhae&m awGŒqHkonfhaeŒpJG

awGŒqHkar;jref;ol bmomjyefol ponfwdkŒudk pwifrSwfwrf;wif&rnf? tu,fI vlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_ ta=umif;t&mESifhywfoufI rSwfwrf;wifawmhrnfqdkv#if vlŒtcGit hf a&;csKd ;azmufc&H r_trsKd ;tpm; - (Oyrm-aysmufq;kH jcif;/ rk'ed ;f usijhf cif;/ w&m;vufvw G zf rf;qD;jcif;/ ypPn;f OpPmrsm;zsuq f ;D jcif;/ t"rR vkyt f m;apcdik ;f jcif;/ t"rRa±GŒajymif;cdkif;jcif;/ owfjzwfjcif;) usL;vGefol.trnf/ &mxl;tqifhtwef;/ wyf&if;wyfzJGŒ/ tcif;jzpfyGm;csdef/ aeŒ&u/f tcif;jzpfyGm;onfhae&m/ (xdktcsufrsm;udk twdtusr&ygu cefŒrSef;ajc pOf;pm; Edkifaom ar;cGef;rsm;ar;I teD;pyfqHk;&Edkifatmifvkyfyg) rnfuJhodkŒ usL;vGefonfhta=umif; tcsuftvuftao;pdwf/ usL;vGecf &H ol. vuf±t dS ajctae (aq;ukor_c, H +l yD;r+yD;/ qufvufzrf;qD;xm; jcif; ±Sdr±Sd)/ usL;vGefol.vuf±Sdtajctae (zrf;qD;xm;jcif;/ qufvufusL;vGefaejcif; ponfjzifh—) wdkŒyg0ifatmifpHkprf;&rnf? • csdefudkufjcif; rdrdod±Sdvdkaom tcsuftvufrsm;tm;vHk; jynfhpHk+yD[k,lqygu xdkrSwf wrf;rsm;udk aoaocsmcsmjyefvnfzwf±&_ efvo kd nf? odŒk rSom a±SŒaemufuv GJ aGJ er_ rsm;/ vdktyfr_rsm;±Sdaeygu csdefudkufEdkifrnfjzpfonf?

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vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

• aus;Zl;wifpum;ajymjcif; ar;jref ; jcif ; tm;vH k ; +yD ; qH k ; oG m ;ygu rd r d t m;ul n D o wif ; ay;ol t m; aus;Zl;wifpum;ajym&ef rarhavsmhoifhay? awGŒqHkar;jref;&mwGif owdðy&rnfhtcsufrsm; - awGŒqHk&rnfholonfum,uH±Sif odkŒr[kwf um,uH±Sif. rdom;pk0ifrsm; jzpfygu xdkolrsm;. pdwfcHpm;r_tajctaeudk em;vnfoabmaygufyg? t+rJwaptuJcwfaeyg? tu,fI pdwfcHpm;&r_rsm; tvGefjyif;xefvmygu tem;,lygap? rdro d nfxo kd rl sm;udu k n l &D eftwGuf vkyaf qmifaejcif;jzpfonf udk t+rJowdcsyf+yD; xdkolrsm; aemufxyfemusifcHpm;r_rjzpfatmif txl; owdðyyg? - vdifydkif;qdkif&m apmfum;cH&aomtrsdK;orD;tm; trsdK;orD;csif; ar;jref;v#if taumif;qHk;jzpfonf? xdkar;jref;aomtrsdK;orD;uvnf; usL;vGefcH&aom trsKd ;orD;tm; pmemem;vnf/ tm;ay;aompum;toH;k tEl;H rsm;jzifh qufqH wwfaomoljzpfap&rnf? - tu,fI awGŒqHkar;jref&rnfholonf pdwfydkif; odkŒr[kwf ±kyfydkif;qdkif&m a0'emrsm;cHpm;ae&v#if xdkolrsm;twGuf vdktyfaom ulnDapmifha±Smuf r_rsm; &±Sdatmifvkyfaqmif+yD;rS awGŒqHkar;jref;oifhonf? - vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m t=urf;zufrt _ ygt0if t=urf;zufrr_ sm; cHpm;cJ&h aom trsKd ; orD;rsm;taejzifh vdt k yfaom tm;ay;ulnrD r_ sm; vkyaf qmif+yD;rS awGŒqHak r; jref;oifhonf? rdrdtm; owif;tcsuftvufay;&if; pdwfzdpD;r_ cHpm;&aom trsdK;orD;twGuf pdwfzdpD;r_'%f avsmhyg;a&;twGuf vkyfaqmifaeaom olrsm;/ ae&mrsm;ta=umif; today;oifhonf? - awG Œ qH k a r;jref ; r_ p pcsif ; tao;pd w f a r;cG e f ; rsm;rar;oif h y g? jzpf y G m ;yH k u d k yHak y:apEdik af vmufonfh tcsut f vufrsm; ajym=um;apEdik rf nfh tzGiahf r;cGe;f rsm;ar;yg? Oyrm- 'Dtr_b,fvdkjzpfcJhovJajymygtkef; qdkaomar;cGef;rsdK;jzifh pwif y gu ajym=um;ol t aejzif h xd k t r_ u d k rsuf p d w G i f j rif o nf h t wd k i f ;

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vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

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ajym=um;vmayvdrfhrnf? xdkŒa=umifh xdkodkŒar;cGef;rsdK;jzifhpwifoifhonf? ajym=um;aer_rsm; &yfwo Hh mG ;atmifrvkyo f ifyh g? ar;cGe;f rsm;onf tzGiahf r;cGe;f rsm;jzpf o if h a omf v nf ; OD ; aqmif e rd w f j yar;cG e f ; rsm;vJ rjzpf o if h y g? k cf &H bl;w,fr[kwv f m;” qdak om ar;cGe;f rsKd ;xuf “bmawGjzpfwmvJ “t±du — aemuf+yD;awmh bmqufjzpfao;vJ — jzpfwmudk tao;pdwaf jymygt;kH ” [laomar;cGef;rsdK;u ajym=um;oltaeESifh qufvufajym=um;vmap&ef taxmuftuljzpfaponf? ar;wcGef;ajzwcGef;jzpfaprnfhtar;rsm;udk a±Smifoifhonf? wqif h = um;pum;rsm;ud k twwf E d k i f q H k ; a±S m if ± S m ;oif h o nf ? tjcm;ol wa,mufxrH S =um;onfqykd gu xdo k t l m;awGŒqH+k yD; ud, k w f ikd u f , kd u f s ar;jref; Edkif&efqufoG,foifhonf? xdkolxHrS ydkrdkjynfhpHkcdkifrmaomowif;rsm; &wwf onfudk t+rJowdðyyg? ajz=um;ol oufawmifhoufom tqifajyajyjzpfap&ef t+rJowdðyyg? olajymaeaomtcsufrsm;udk rdrdpdwf0ifpm;pGm em;axmifaea=umif; ay:vGif aponfhtrlt,mrsm;jzifh tm;ay;yg? rdrdrsufESmtrlt,m/ udk,ftae txm;wdkŒonf xdkoludk tm;wufapEdkifovdk pdwf"mwfusoGm;atmifvJ vkyfaqmifEdkifonfudk t+rJowdðyyg? rdrdukd,fwdkifuvJ oufawmifhoufom±Sdygap? rdrd.ar;cGef;rsm;udk csufjcif; rqdkif;rwGajzqdk&ef b,fawmhrS zdtm;ray;ygESifh/ jyefvnfrSwfrdvmap&ef tcsdefay;yg? xdkolajymaeaom tcsufrsm;udk av;pm;onfh[eft+rJjyyg? olajymonfh ta=umif;t&mudk oabmrwlonf[ h ef razmfjyygEiS ?hf xdo k al jymonfh tcsuf tay: rjiif;cHyk gEiS /hf tu,fIr±Si;f vif;onft h csurf sm;±Syd gu ±Si;f vif;atmif ydkrdk±Sif;jycdkif;yg? tjcm;olwa,mufu ajymxm;aomtcsufrsm;tm; rdrdawGŒqHkaeaom oltm;rajymrdygapESifh? xdkodkŒajymygu rdrdtm;,Hk=unfpdwfcspGm zGifh[ajym xm;oltay: *wdcsdK;azmuf&ma&mufonfhtjyif rdrdonfpdwfcs,Hk=unf &aomolr[kw[ f k ,lqoGm;apEdik o f nf? txl;vSKd Œ0Sux f m;aom tcsurf sm; udk xdkolu rdrdtm;zGifhajymawmhrnfr[kwfyg?

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

- rdrdudkowif;ay;oltwGuf taESmifht,Sufjzpfaprnfh/ tE W&m,fjzpfaprnfh owif;rsm;udk xdrf;odrf;&ef txl;ta&;}uD;onf? - rdrdudkowif;ay;oltay: “'Dvdkvkyfvdkuf&if+yD;a&m/ 'Dvdkbma=umifhrvkyf wmvJ/ 'grsKd ;rvkyo f ifb h ;l ” [laom aumufcsucf sr/_ a0zefr/_ tjypfwifrr_ sm; rvkyf&? - rdrdudkowif;ay;olonf rdrd.ar;jref;csuftay: jynfhjynfhpHkpHkajz=um;csifrS ajz=um;vdrrhf nf? xdrk #ru vH;k 0ajz=um;csirf S ajz=um;vdrrhf nfqo kd nfh tcsuf udk óudwifwGufqxm;yg? tcsdKŒvlrsm;onf a=umuf±GHŒwwf+yD; tcsdKŒrSmrl tr_xw J iG f yg0ifywfoufvpkd w d rf ±So d nfvnf; ±Sw d wfonf? rdrt d m; ajym=um; vdkpdwf±Sdvmatmif rdrdta=umif;/ vkyfief;ta=umif;/ rnfonfh tusdK;rsm; ±Sdvmapa=umif;/ rdrdtm; vHk;0pdwfcs,Hk=unfxm;Ekdifa=umif;rsm; xyfavmif; ajymqdkjcif;jzifh zGifhajymvmaumif;ajymvmapEdkifonf? - tu,fI rdrdar;jref;r_tm; wzufvlem;rvnfygu t"dy`m,frysufapbJ tjcm;0gusjzifhjyefvnfar;jref;yg? em;vnf±Sif;vif;vG,faom toHk;tEHl; rsm;udk oHk;pJGyg? - awGŒqHkol.aumufcsufcsr_udk aocsmpGmqef;ppfyg? Oyrm - trsdK;orD; wa,mufukd ppfom;wa,mufu owfypfw,f[al om tcsuu f akd jymygu ppfom;[kbma=umifh ajymEdkifwmvJqdkaomtcsufudk qef;ppfyg? ppf,leD azmif;0wfxm;I ppfom;jzpfw,f[k xdkoluajymygu ppf,leDazmif;udk tjcm;olrsm;vJ0wfqifEdkifa=umif;udkvnf; owdðyyg? - rnfonfht&mrsm;u owif;tcsufrsm;jzpfonf? rnfonfht&mrsm;onf pGyfpJGcsufoufoufomjzpfonf? rnfonfht&mrsm;u xifjrifcsufrsm;jzpf onfwdkŒudk aoaocsmcsmcJGjcm;rSwfom;yg? - wdus±Sif;vif;aom rSwfwrf;wifr_jzpfygap/ trSm;a&;om;rdygu aemufxyf jyefjyif&ef cufcJonfudk owdðyyg? - owif;tcsufpkaqmif;&mwGif tajccHjzpfaom (b)ajcmufvHk;rsm;rusefcJh&ef owdðyyg? - tm;vHk;+yD;qHk;oGm;ygu “bmrsm;ajymcsifwm±Sdygao;vJ” [laom tzGifh ar;cGef;jzifh tqHk;owfyg? wcgw&Hrdrdtm;owif;ay;olwGif ta&;ygaom

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vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

tcsurf sm; useaf ewwfonf? wcgw&H rdrt d wGut f oH;k 0ifaom taxmuf txm; pm±Gufrsm; ‚if;xHwGif±Sdaewwfonf? - xdkolajymaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ydk ydkrdkcdkifrmatmif yhHydk;ay;Edkifrnfh olrsm;/ taxmuftxm;rsm;udk xyfrH±SmazGawGŒ±SdEdkifrnfhtquftoG,f/ vdyfpm/ae&mrsm;udk rSwfwrf;ðyvkyfyg? - rjzpfEdkifaom ar#mfvifhcsufrSm;rsm;ray;cJhygESifh/ rdrdtrSefwu,fvkyfaqmif Edkifrnfh tvkyfudkom trSeftwdkif;ajymyg? 'kwd,aemufqufwJGowif;&if;jrpfrsm;udk ±SmazGpHkprf;jcif; yxr wdkuf±dkufowif;tcsuftvufrsm; &±Sd+yD;onfhaemuf xdkowif; tcsut f vufrsm;udk ydrk ckd ikd rf maprnfh 'kw, d aemufqufwo GJ wif;rsm;tm; ±SmazG pHpk rf;&awmhrnfjzpfonf? vlawGŒawGŒqHak r;jref;r_r&S ±Sad om tcsut f vufrsm;ESihf oufqdkifonfh xkwfjyefa=unmcsufrsm;/ aq;rSwfwrf;rsm;/ owif;pm jzwfydkif; rsm;tm;vHk;udk pHkprf;ppfaq;r_ wm0efvkyfaqmifaeonfrSpI owif;pkaqmif;=u &rnf? rdrd&±Sdxm;aomtcsuftvuftm; cdkifrmatmif xyfavmif;oufao jyay;rnfh tjcm;taxmuftxm;rsm;&Edkifrnfh owif;&if;jrpfrsm; trsm;tjym; ±SEd ikd af o;onfurkd arhygEiS ?hf xdo k wif;&if;jrpfrsm;udk ±SmazGI xdo k ufaotaxmuf txm;rsm;udk rsm;rsm;toHk;ðyEdkifavav rdrd.tcsuftvuftwGuf taxmuf txm;cdkifvHkavavjzpfonf? 'kwd,aemufqufwJGowif;rsm;teuf "mwfyHktaxmuftxm;rsm;rSm txl;toHk;0ifaom oufaotaxmuftxm;rsm;jzpfonf? tcif;jzpfyGm;&m ae&m/ rD;avmifxm;aomaus;±Gm/ '%f&mteD;uyf"mwfyrkH sm;onf trSew f u,f jzpfyGm;cJhaom tjzpftysufrsm;jzpfa=umif; t"duoufaorsm;jzpfonf? xdktjzpftysufrsdK;udk udk,fwdkifrsufjrifawGŒóuH&v#ifvnf; rdrdudk,fwdkif rSww f rf;wifwwf&efvt kd yfonf? odŒk aomf r±du k u f ;l rD xdo k x l rH S cGiðhf ycsuf awmif;cH &ef rarhavsmyh gEiS ?hf csKd ;azmufco H . l "mwfyo kH mru xdo k w l iG ±f adS om '%f&mrsm;

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vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

udk teD;uyf±u kd x f m;aom yHrk sm;rSmvnf; toH;k 0ifonf? ±du k u f ;l onfh aeŒ/ ae&m ponfwdkŒudkvnf; rysufruGufrSwfwrf;wifxm;&rnf? xdkyHkudk aq;ul;+yD;ygu f m;xm;oifh vnf; tjzpftysut f a=umif;twdck sKyfukd "mwfyakH emufzufwiG f rSwo onf? zvife*~wpfukd oD;oefŒvHòk cHonfah e&mwGif odr;f qnf;oifo h nf? odŒk rSom tjcm;olwOD;u twif;t=uyf zsufqD;ypfvdkufjcif;/ odrf;qnf;vdkufjcif;wdkŒrS umuG,fEdkifrnf? xdkŒjyif w&m;±Hk;rSwfwrf;rsm;/ &JxGufqdkcsufrsm;rSmvnf; rdrdtwGuf aumif;rGefaomtaxmuftxm;rsm; jzpfonf? vlwa,muftm;zrf;qD;xm; r_tm; pHkprf;ppfaq;jcif;jzpfygu bmpGyfpJGcsufjzifhzrf;qD;xm;a=umif;/ bma=umifh zrf;qD;xm;a=umif;rsm;udk rSwfwrf;wifxm;onfh &JxGufqdkcsufrsm;onf tvGef toHk;0ifonf? xdkrSwfwrf;rsm;udk pGyfpJGcH&ol.a±SŒaersm;xHrS&±SdEdkifonf? q&m0efrsm;/ aq;tr_xrf;rsm;.ppfcsufrsm;onfvnf; jzpfyGm;aom '%f&m/ aoqHk;r_wdkŒudk pepfwusrSwfwrf;wifxm;wwfojzifh xdkppfcsufrsm;rS tcif;jzpfymG ;r_ukd avhvmEdik o f nf? usL;vGecf &H ol. a0'emcHpm;&r_uo kd ±d EdS ikd o f nf? tu,f I axmif w G i f ; wG i f c sKyf a ES m if c H x m;&ol w a,muf aoqH k ; oG m ;ygu xdkaq;ppfcsufrsm;udk=unfhI omrefa&m*ga=umifhaoqHk;&jcif;vm;/ ESdyfpufcH&I aoqHk;&jcif;vm;udk ppfaq;pHkprf;Edkifonf? aq;ynmESifhywfoufI todynm enf;yg;ol jzpfapumrl usL;vGecf &H olwa,mufwiG f awGŒ±S&d aom '%f&m'%fcsu/f temw&rsm;udk rsufjriftwdkif;tvG,fwulrSwfwrf;wifEdkifonf? cE<mukd,f. rnfonfhtpdwftydkif;wGif rnfonfh'%f&m±Sdonf? t±G,ftpm;b,favmuf±Sd onf? rnfonfht±dk;rsm;usdK;aeonfponfhjzifh rsufjriftwdkif;rSwfwrf;wif Edkifonf? owif;pmrsm;/ tjcm;aom pmapmifrsm;wGifygaom owif;rsm;onf vnf; ta&;ygaom 'kwd,aemufqufwJGowif;rsm;jzpfonf? wcsdKŒowif; axmufrsm;/ tjcm;tzJGŒtpnf;rsm;rS wm0ef±Sdolrsm;onf ‚if;wdkŒudk,fwdkif avhvmpHkprf;ppfaq;r_rsm;udk vkyfudkifwwfonfhtwGuf xdktcsufrsm;rSmvnf;

49

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

rdrdtwGuftaxmuftuljzpfapwwfonf? odkŒaomf owif;pmESifh pmapmifyg tcsut f vufrsm;tm;vH;k t+rJwaprSeu f efonf[k r,H=k unfygEiS ?hf xdo k wif;udk a&;om;aom owif;axmufESifh awGŒqHkar;jref;Edkif&efóud;pm;yg? tjzpftysuf J kd tzJŒG tpnf;ESpcf u k azmfjya&;om;xm;v#if wlnaD omtcsurf sm;/ uJv G GJ wckxu aeaom tcsurf sm;udk pepfwusavhvmppfaq;yg? bma=umif, h ckuo hJ Œkd uJjG ym; ae&a=umif; tajz±Smyg? rdrad wGŒ±Scd suEf iS u hf v GJ aGJ eyguvnf; aocsmpGm okawoe ðyvkyfyg? tu,fI owif;pmygta=umif;t&mrsm;/ tzJGŒtpnf;u xkwfjyef aom pmapmif y gtcsuf t vuf r sm;ud k rd r d t oH k ; ðyrnf q d k y gu xd k o wif ; pm/ pmapmifrsm;rS rdrw d qift h oH;k ðyonfukd azmfxw k af &;om;ay;yg? xdo k Œkd vkyaf qmif jcif;jzifh xdkolwdkŒtay:av;pm&ma&mufovdk tu,fI xdktcsuftvufrsm; rSm;,Gif;aecJhygu rdrdwm0efuif;ayvdrfhrnf? csdK;azmufcHolrsm;ESifh ‚if;rdom;pk0ifrsm;.vHkòcHr_ vlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_ pHkprf;olrsm;twGuf yxrOD;qHk; owdðy&rnfh tcsurf mS vlŒtcGit hf a&; csKd ;azmufc&H olrsm;ESihf ‚if;rdom;pkrsm;. vHòk cHrj_ zpfonf? rdrdulnD&rnfholrsm;onf rdrdtwGufa=umifh 'kuQydkra&mufoGm;ap&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef tjynfht0±Sdonf? xdŒk a=umifh awGŒqHak r;jref;r_rpwifru D xnf;u rdrt d a=umif;udk xdo k rl sm; ±Sif;±Sif;vif;vif;odatmifvkyfaqmifyg? rdrd.vkyfief;onf tpdk;&ESifh ywfouf jcif;r±Sad =umif; ±Si;f jyyg? xdŒk jyifbma=umifh xdo k t l m; vma&mufar;jref;&onfukd vnf; ±Sif;vif;ygap? xdkolxHrS&±Sdaom tcsufrsm;udk rnfuJhodkŒtoHk;csrnf jzpfa=umif;±Si;f jyyg? rnfonft h csurf sm;udk vltrsm;odaprnf/ odŒk aomfrnfo h nfh tcsufrsm;udkawmh csefvSyfxm;rnfudk xdkoltm;em;vnfygap? wcgwavwGif csdK;azmufcHolrsm;ESifh rdom;pk0ifrsm;onf csdK;azmufr_udk tjcm;vltrsm;odapcsif aomfvnf; aemufquftE W&m,frsm; xyfrHóuHawGŒ&rnfudk pdk;&drfaoma=umifh tjzpftysurf sm;udk odo k o kd yd o f yd Ef iS hf zH;k uG,x f m;vd=k uonf? xdt k ajctaersKd ;wGif xdkolrsm;u oabmwlcGifhðyaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udkom vltrsm;od

50

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

atmif wif j y&rnf ? tu,f I xd k t jzpf t ysuf o nf rd r d r wif j yrD u wnf ; u vlod±Sif=um;jzpfcJh+yD;jzpfv#if/ xdkolrsm;tay: rnfonfhtE W&m,frsm; rus a&mufEdkifa=umif; rdrdtaejzifh vHk;0tmrcHEdkifv#ifawmh udpPr±Sday? wcgw&HwGif tjcm;ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk vltrsm;odapvdkaomfvnf; trnfESifhodomxif±Sm;apEdkifrnfhtcsuftvuf (Oyrm- aus;±Gmtrnf/ aeŒpJG) wdkŒudk zHk;uG,fxm;vdkwwf=uonf? xdktcgrsdK;wGif trnfudkajymif;vJGI tjcm; trnfjzift h oH;k ðyjcif;/ trsm;urcJjG cm;Edik af om a,bl,s±mG trnfrsm;/ tcsed rf sm; udk vJaG jymif;toH;k ðyjcif;rsm; vkyaf qmifEikd o f nf? wu,fI xdo k rl sm;u toH;k ðy cGiahf y;aomfvnf; olwŒkd twGuf aumif;usKd ;xufq;kd usKd ;ydrk jkd zpfaprnf[k rdr, d q l ygu toH;k rðyjcif;u taumif;qH;k jzpfonf? tu,fI csKd ;azmufco H l wa,muf a,mufu wcsKd Œtcsut f vufrsm;udk xkwaf zmfo;kH jcif;cGirhf ðy[kqykd gu xdt k csuf rsm;udk rdrdrSwfpkxJwGif xif±Sm;pGmrSwfom;xm;&rnf? odkŒrSom rawmfwq owdvufvGwfoHk;pJGrdjcif;udk a±Smif±Sm;Edkifrnf? rd r d & ±S d x m;aom tcsuf a ygif ; rsm;pG m xJ r S rnf o nf h t csuf r sm;ud k xkwfazmfa&;om;oifhonf/ rnfonfhtcsufrsm;udkawmh csefvSyfoifhonf[lI qH;k jzwf&efrmS trSew f u,fcufcaJ omtvkyyf ifjzpfonf? xdo k Œkd a0cJrG &jzpfaeygu rdrdwOD;wnf;rqHk;jzwfbJ rdrdtzJGŒtpnf;twGif; odkŒr[kwftjcm;rS u|rf;usifol wdkŒESifh wdkifyifaqmif±Gufyg? rdr. d rSww f rf;tcsut f vufrsm;udk txl;*±kpu kd yf g/ txl;ta&;}uD;aom udpPrsm;wGif trnf0Sufrsm;udkom a&;om;rSwfwrf;wifxm;+yD; trnfrSefrsm;udk oD ; jcm;ae&mwG i f a &;om;oif h o nf ? rd r d r S w f O m%f j zif h rS w f o m;xm;Ed k i f v #if taumif;qH;k jzpfonf? vufa&;rsm;udk rdrjd yefvnfzwfEikd af tmifa&;om;oifo h nf? ta&;ay:tajctaersKd ;wGif aysmufq;kH oGm;jcif;/ odr;f qnf;cH&jcif;a=umifh tcsuf tvufrsm; aysmuf±SoGm;jcif;wdkŒrS umuG,f&eftwGuf rdwWLESpfpHk ul;xm;oifh onf? wpHkudk rdrd±Hk;cef;wGifr[kwfbJ tjcm;rnfolrSrawGŒEdkifaom ae&mrsdK;wGif vSdKŒ0SufpGmodrf;qnf;oifhonf?

51

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

vlŒtcGihfta&;pHkprf;olrsm;twGuf vHkòcHa&; e,fajrtoD;oD;odŒk vSnv hf nfomG ;a&mufI vlŒtcGit hf a&; csKd ;azmufr_ rsm;udk pHkprf;rSwfwrf;&olrsm;twGuf vHkòcHa&;rSmvnf; txl;ta&;}uD;aom tcsufwcsufyifjzpfonf? xdkŒtwGufa=umifh atmufygt}uHay;csufrsm;udk vdkufemoifhonf? rdrdtay:+cdrf;ajcmufr_/ taESmuft,Sufay;r_rsm;udk ayghayghoabm rxm;ygESifh/ rdrdtwGuftumtuG,f&Edkifor#&Edkifatmifjyifqifyg? rnfonfhc&D; udkrS wOD;xnf;roGm;vmygESifh? rdrdrnfonfhae&mwGif±Sdaea=umif;udk tenf;qHk; wOD;wa,muftm; today;xm;yg? rdrjd yefa&mufrnf&h uftm; cefŒrSe;f today; xm;yg? odŒk rSomjyefa&muf&rnft h csed w f iG jf yefra&mufygu rdrw d ckcjk zpfaea=umif; tjcm;vlrsm;od+yD; vdktyfonfrsm;udkaqmif±GufEdkifrnf? trsm;u av;pm;aomolrsm;ESifh ,SOfwJGoGm;vmygu oufqdkif&m tm%mydik rf sm;u taESmuft,Suaf y;Edik rf e_ nf;yg;apwwfonf? txl;owdxm; &rnf h c &D ; oG m ;vmr_ r sd K ;wG i f xd k o l r sm;ES i f h t wl o G m ;a&muf y gu rd r d t wG u f ydkrdktqifajyEdkifonf? odkŒaomfxdkolrsm;udktodray; r±Sif;jybJvkyfaqmifygu xdkolrsm;udkwzufvSnfhtoHk;cs&ma&mufa=umif; owdrlyg? ae&mwd k i f ; wG i f rd r d t quf t oG , f r sm; yG m ;rsm;atmif v k y f a qmif y g? tu,fI xdak 'oudrk u|r;f usiyf gu u|r;f usiaf om a'ocHtzJŒG rsm;. tultnD udk &Edkifatmifvkyfaqmifyg? a'otwGif; vHkòcHa&;wm0ef,lolrsm;ESifh jy\em jzpfre_ nf;avav rdrv d yk if ef;tqifajyavavjzpfonft h wGuf xdo k rl sm;ESihf tqif ajyatmifóud;yrf;vkyfaqmifoifhonf? tu,fI xdka'ocHtm%mydkifrsm;ESifh rdrdtzJGŒrS olwOD;wa,mufwdkŒ jy\emjzpfyGm;cJhygu xdkoltm; aemufxyf apv$wfwm0efay;jcif;rvkyfoifhawmhbJ tjcm;vlwOD;udk ajymif;vJapv$wf oifhonf?

52

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

tcef; (6) rSww f rf;wifjcif; (Documentation) rS w f w rf ; wif j cif ; qd k w mbmvJ ? rSww f rf;wifjcif;qdo k nfrmS rdrpd pkH rf;awGŒ±Scd surf sm;/ tjcm;owif; tcsuf tvufrsm;udk tvG,fwuljyefvnfxkwf,lI&Edkifatmif/ jzefŒa0I&Edkifatmif pepf w us rS w f w rf ; wif o d r f ; qnf ; pk a qmif ; xm;jcif ; yif j zpf o nf ? tu,f I tcif;jzpfyGm; aom ae&mwGif±Sdaom rdrdtzJGŒ0ifwa,mufu ‚if;&±Sdxm;aom owif ; rsm;ud k rS w f w rf ; wif X meod k Œ yd k Œ aqmif v #if xd k X me.wm0ef r S m xdkowif;tcsuftvuf rsm;udk vufcHI raysmufr±SatmifrSwfwrf;wifjcif;/ tvG , f w ul j yef v nf ±S m azG E d k i f a omenf ; jzif h zd k i f w J G x m;jcif ; jzpf o nf ? pepf w usrS w f w rf ; wif a om pepf u d k toH k ; ðyrS o m xd k r S w f w rf ; rsm;ud k tcsdefwdkwdktwGif; ae&mrSefrSefY ±SmazGEdkifrnf jzpfonf? xdkodkŒodrf;qnf;aom pepfonf tzJGŒtpnf;wckESifhwck wlnDavhr±Sday? xdkŒtwGufa=umifh rdrdtzJGŒ tpnf;twGuf toHk;tusqHk; rSwfwrf;wifenf;rsm;udk rdrdudk,fwdkifa±G;cs,f oHk;pJGwwf&efvdktyfonf? owif ; rsm;ud k b,f v d k r S w f w rf ; wif o vJ ? t"dutm;jzifh &±Sdaomowif;rsm;udk enf;(2)enf;jzifh odrf;qnf; rSwf wrf;wifavh±Sdonf? yxrenf;rSm xGufqdkcsuftwdkif;odrf;qnf;jcif; (Narrative Report) ESifh 'kwd,enf;rSm azmifyHkpHjzifhrSwfwrf;wifodrf;qnf;jcif; (Standard Forms) wdŒk jzpfonf? xGuq f ckd sut f wdik ;f odr;f qnf;jcif; (Narrative Report) qdo k nfrmS awGŒqHk ar;jref;cJholwOD;. ajym=um;csufrsm;udk rc|if;rcsef tprStqHk;/ wvHk;rusef vdu k v f aH &;om;rSww f rf;wifxm;jcif;jzpfonf? Zmwfvrf;wyk'o f zG,f jzpfaeavh±dS

53

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

onf? xdkrSwfwrf;wGif ar;jref;cJholtrnf/ aeŒ/ ae&mESifh xGufqdkoltrnfwdkŒ yg0ifavh±o dS nf? Tenf;udo k ;kH ygu rdro d v d akd om tcsurf sm;rarh&ef vdt k yfonfh tcsuf r sm;ud k óud w if p m&if ; vk y f x m;Ed k i f o nf ? (t"rR u sif h c H & aomol wa,muf t m; pH k p rf ; &ef t wG u f vd k t yf a omtcsuf t vuf r sm;twG u f erlemyHkpHudk aemufqufwJGwGif=unfhyg) Tenf;jzifh pkaqmif;jcif;onf t±dk; pif;qHk; rSwfwrf;wifjcif;jzpf+yD; jzpfysufor#ta=umif;t&m tm;vHk;udk odrf;óuH; rSww f rf;wifxm;jcif;jzpfonf? xdo k Œkd rSww f rf;wifjcif;. tm;enf;csurf mS ta&;yg aom tcsufrsm; arhavsmhoGm;Edkifjcif;/ ta&;}uD;aom ar;cGef;rsm;ar;jref;&ef usef&pfcJhEdkifjcif;/ rSwfwrf;wifXmerS wm0ef±Sdolrsm;taejzifh xdktcsuftvuf aygif;rsm;pGmudk yHkpHwusjyefvnfrSwfwrf;wifodrf;qnf;&ef tcsdefumvrsm;pGm vdktyfjcif;wdkŒjzpfonf? azmifyHkpHjzifhrSwfwrf;wifodrf;qnf;jcif; (Standard Forms) qdkonfrSm rdrdjyifqifxm;aom azmifpm±GuftwGif; jznfhpGuf&efvdktyfaom tcsufrsm; ar;jref;jznfhpGufI rSwfwrf;wifodrf;qnf;jcif;jzpfonf? ta=umif;t&mwck twGuf vdt k yfonfah r;cGe;f rsm;udk azmifypkH u H u G f óudwifðyvkyx f m;I vdt k yfonfh tcsufrsm;udkom ar;jref;&efvdktyfonf? xdkŒa=umifh tvG,fwul ar;jref; rS w f w rf ; wif o d r f ; qnf ; Ed k i f o nf ? (erl e mazmif y H k p H u d k aemuf q uf w J G w G i f =unfhyg) tcsdKŒtzJGŒtpnf;rsm;onf cufcJ±_wfaxG;aom azmifyHkpHuGufrsm;udk toHk;ðywwf=u+yD; tcsdKŒrSm ±Sif;vif;vG,fulaom yHkpHrsm;udkom oHk;wwfonf? xdkodkŒuJGjym;&jcif;rSm tzJGŒtpnf;.vkyfief;/ ta=umif;t&mtrsdK;tpm;/ vdktyf aom ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk rlwnfI wzJŒG ESiw hf zJŒG rwlujGJ ym;&jcif;om jzpfonf? xdkazmifyHkpHudktoHk;ðyjcif;jzifh ta&;ygonfhtcsufrsm; arhavsmhoGm;jcif; r±Sad wmhovdk rSww f rf;wifXmetaejzifv h nf; xdt k csut f vufrsm;udk uGejf yLwm jzifh rSwfwrf;wifodrf;qnf;&mwGif txl;vG,fulonf? jyefvnf±SmazG&mwGif jzpfap/ okawoevkyfief;twGuf ta&twGufrsm;/ udef;*%ef;rsm; ±SmazG pkaqmif;&mwGif txl;taxmuftuljzpfaponf? tm;enf;csufrSm omref r[kwfbJ xl;jcm;aomjzpf&yfrsm;udkrSwfwrf;wif&mwGif óudwifjyifqifxm;onfh

54

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

azmifypkH u H u G rf ±So d nft h wGuf xdt k csurf sm;udk rSww f rf;wif&eftcufawGŒ&onf? tcsuftvufrsm;udkajymjyaomolrsm;. cHpm;csufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;xm;jcif;r±Sd onfhtwGuf tpD&ifcHpma&;&mY tjzpftysufudk ±kyfvHk;ay:atmif a&;om; onft h cgwiG f tcuftcJawGŒ&wwfonf? xdt k wGuaf =umifh xGuq f ckd sut f wdik ;f odr;f qnf;jcif; (Narrative Report) ESihf azmifypkH jH zifrh w S w f rf;wiford ;f qnf;jcif; (Standard Forms) wdkŒESpfrsdK;pvHk;udk toHk;ðyEdkifv#iftaumif;qHk;jzpfonf? owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udkrSwfwrf;wif&mwGif vkyfaqmifoifhaomtcsufrsm; yxrOD;qHk; vkyfaqmifoifhaomtcsufrSm rdrdtzJGŒtpnf;taejzifh rnfonfhvlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_rsm;ta=umif;udk udkifwG,fajz±Sif;rnfjzpf+yD; rnfonfhtcsufrsm;udkawmh udkifwG,fajz±Sif;rnfr[kwf[k wdwdusus a±G;cs,f owfrSwf&efyifjzpfonf? xdkodkŒa±G;cs,fowfrSwfEdkif&eftwGuf rdrdwdkŒtrsm;qHk; óuHawGŒ&ifqdkif&wwfonfh vlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_rsm;. t"dy`m,fudk wdwd usus zGifhqdkxm;&efvdktyfonf? rdrdwdkŒtzJGŒtpnf;taejzifh udkifwG,fajz±Sif;&ef qHk;jzwfowfrSwfxm;aom vlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_rsm;rSm rnfhonfht&m rsm;jzpfa=umif;/ xdv k Œl tcGit hf a&;csKd ;azmufrr_ sm;udk rnfuo hJ Œkd t"dym` ,fziG q hf x kd m; a=umif;udk rdrt d zJŒG twGi;f rSorl sm;tm;vH;k em;vnfoabmaygurf o S m rnfonfh tcsufrsm;udk&atmifpHkprf;&rnf/ rnfonfhazmifwGifjznfhpGuf&rnf/ xdkjznfhpGuf xm;aomazmifrsm;udk rnfonfhacgif;pOfatmufwGif xnfhoGif;odrf;qnf;&rnf/ rnfuo hJ Œkd jyefvnf±mS azGEikd rf nf ponfh vkyif ef;pOfrsm;tqifajyacsmarGŒEdik af yrnf? tcif;jzpfyGm;aom ae&mrsm;rSowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk vsifvsif jrefjref&±Sdapaom enf;vrf;rsm;udk wnfaqmufxm;&efvnf; ta&;}uD;onf? omreftajctae owif;ay;ydkŒcsufrsm;udk wvv#ifwcsdef (odkŒr[kwf) ESpfcsdef vkyf±dk;vkyfpOf qufoG,fvrf;twdkif;ay;ydkŒEdkifaomfvnf; ta&;w}uD; csufcsif; vkyfaqmif&ef vdktyfonfhudpPrsm;udk vsifvsifjrefjref vHkvHkòcHòcH ay;ydkŒEdkifrnfh enf ; vrf ; rsm; ±S m azG x m;oif h o nf ? od k Œ rS o m ta&;ay:vk y f a qmif c suf r sm; vkyfudkifaqmif±GufEdkifvdrfhrnf?

55

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

tcif;jzpfyGm;&mae&mrsm;/ a±SŒwef;a'orsm;±Sd rdrdtzJGŒ0ifrsm;ay;ydkŒaom owif; rsm;onf wcgw&Htao;pdwu f sveG ;f +yD; tcsut f vufaygi;f rsm;pGm yg0ifaewwf onf? trsm;rodaponfh tcsurf sm;vnf; a&mjyGe;f yg0ifaewwfonf? csKd ;azmuf cH&olrsm;. pum;ajym[eftwdkif; wdkuf±dkufa&;om;ay;ydkŒjcif;rsm;vnf; ±Sdwwf onf? tjcm;olrsm;zwf&eftqifracsmonfrsm;vnf; yg0ifaewwfonf? xdk tcsuftvufrsm;tm;vHk;udk rdrdwdkŒ.tpD&ifcHpm odkŒr[kwf pmapmifxJwGif xnfhoGif;&ef rjzpfEdkifyg? xdkowif;ay;ydkŒcsufrsm;udk owif;xkwfjyefcsufyHkpH/ aqmif;yg;yHpk /H tpD&ifcpH myHpk rH sm;twkid ;f yHpk 0H ifatmif jyefvnfa&;om;&ef vdt k yf onf? a&muf±Sdvmaom owif;=urf;rsm;udk rSwfwrf;wifXmeuzwf±_I rdrd tzJŒG twGi;f ±Sd xdo k Œkd a&;om;&efwm0ef±o dS rl sm;twGuf tqifajyEdik rf nfh owif; tcsufyHkpHrsdK;jzifh jyefvnf a&;om;ay;&efvdktyfonf? wcgw&H owif;tESpfcsKyfyHkpHjzifh jyifqifxm;ay;Edkifv#if aemufwqihf jyefvnfa&;om;rnfholrsm;twGuf txl;toHk;0ifonf? owif;tESpfcsKyfonf owif;wdkyHkpHtwkdif;jzpf+yD; ta&;t}uD;qHk;owif;rsm;udk yxrpmwa=umif; ESpfa=umif;wGif pwifa&;om;azmfjy&rnf? t"du (b)ajcmufvHk;yg0ifaom tcsufrsm; jzpf&rnf? xdkodkŒa&;om;+yD;rS tjcm;ta&;ygaom tcsuftvuf rsm;udk azmfjy&rnf? trsm;rodapaomtcsufrsm;/ rvdkonfrsm;udk csef&pf xm;&rnf? xdktjzpftysufESifh ywfoufI rnfonfhtzJGŒrsm;u odkŒr[kwf rdrdtzJGŒtpnf;u rnfonfhtcsufrsm;udk udkifwG,fvkyfaqmif+yD;jzpfa=umif; rSwfcsuf yg&rnf? xdkwm0efudk rnfoluwm0ef,laqmif±Gufrnfudk owif; rSwfwrf;wifXmeu óudwifjyifqifpOf;pm;oifhonf? aemufxyfta&;ygaomvkyif ef;wckrmS rSww f rf;wifXmeESihf rdrw d Œkd tzJŒG rS xdkowif;rsm;ESifhywfoufI rnfonfhvkyfief;rsm;aqmif±Gufxm;+yD;jzpfa=umif;/ aqmif ± G u f a ea=umif ; wd k Œ ud k tcif ; jzpf y G m ;&ma'orsm;/ a±S Œ wef ; a'orsm;±S d rdrdwdkŒtzJGŒ0ifrsm;xH jyefvnftpD&ifcH&efvdktyfonf?

56

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

rSwfwrf;rsm;odrf;qnf;jcif; (Storage) rSww f rf;odr;f qnf;&mwGif txl;*±kpu kd &f rnft h csurf mS vHòk cHa&;jzpfonf? rdrdpkaqmif;xm;aom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk tjcm;olrsm;uzsufqD;jcif;/ vma&mufodrf;qnf;jcif;wdkŒ óuHawGŒEdkifa=umif; t+rJowdxm;oifhonf? xdkŒ a=umihf vltenf;i,fomodEikd af omenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh vHòk cHatmiford ;f qnf;&rnf? ±Hk;cef;wGifrvHkòcHygu tjcm; ydkrdkvHkòcHaomae&mrsm;wGif odrf;qnf;xm;oifhonf? jyefvnf±mS azG &,ljcif; (Retrieval) odrf;qnf;xm;aom tcsuftvufrsm;udk pepfwusrSefuefpGm odrf; qnf ; xm;rS o m vd k t yf o nf h t csd e f w G i f vG , f v G , f u l u l E S i f h rS e f r S e f u ef u ef jyefvnf±mS azGEikd rf nfjzpfonf? ta=umif;t&macgi;f pOfrsm;udk vG,u f ±l iS ;f vif;pGm cJGjcm;xm;+yD; xdkacgif;pOfrsm;atmufY rSefrSefuefuef odrf;qnf;wwf&efrSm rSwfwrf;wifXmerSolrsm;. wm0efjzpfonf? vdktyfygu ae&ma'orsm;tvdkuf/ vlŒtcGit hf a&;csKd ;azmufrr_ sm;tvdu k /f csKd ;azmufow l yf&if;rsm;tvdu k /f vtvdu k /f oauFwtrnfrsm;/ eHywfrsm;udkoHk;Edkifonf? tu,fI azmifyHkpHrsm;jzifh rSwfwrf;wifodrf;qnf;jcif;udk toHk;ðyEdkif rnf q d k y gu pk a qmif ; xm;aomowif ; tcsuf t vuf r sm;ud k uG e f j yLwmjzif h tvG,fwul rSwfwrf;wifodrf;qnf;Edkifovdk tvG,fwuljyefvnf±SmazGEdkifay vdrfhrnf? t"rR u sif h r _ t wG u f vd k t yf a omowif ; tcsuf , l & ef e rl e myH k p H (1) awGŒqHkar;jref;r_ - aeŒpJG - awGŒqHkar;jref;ol

-

ae&m bmomjyefol

57

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

(2) -

tjcm;twl±Sdaeaomolrsm; '%f&mawGŒ±Sdcsuf trSwftom;/ trm±Gwf/ '%f&m qHyifrsm;u|wfjcif; (tu,fI tjcm;ESdyfpufcH&jcif;yg±Sdygu) t±dk;usdK;jcif; a,mif,rf;jcif; rD;avmifjcif; ajcvuft*F gjywfawmufjcif; tjcm;odomxif±Sm;aom'%f&mrsm; aq;rSwfwrf;

(3) -

xdkol. yHkpHtay:awGŒ±Sd&csuf ajymqdkonfhavoH (wdk;/ us,f/ cHpm;csufvHk;0ryg) ai;arm=unfhaejcif; (rdrdtm;vHk;0r=unfhjcif;) idka=uG;jcif; (rnfhonfhtcgwGif idkoenf;) vHk;0pum;rajymjcif; odkŒr[kwf tqufrjywfajymaejcif;/ cE<mudk,fv_yf±Sm;yHk wkefv_yfaejcif; odkŒr[kwf v_yf±Sm;r_vHk;0r±Sdjcif;/ rd r d t ay:wk e f Œ jyef c suf (ar;cG e f ; rsm;ud k csD w H k c swH k p Of ; pm;+yD ; rS ajzjcif ; / ar;cGef;rsm;udkr=umc%jyefar;jcif;) - tjcm;awGŒ±Sd&csufrsm;/

(4) -

58

yk*~dKvfa&;owif;tcsufrsm; trnftjynfhtpHk vdif arG;aeΠtdrfaxmiftajctae vdyfpm vlrsdK; tvkyftudkif

rdbtrnf uav;ta&twGuf bmom

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

(5) -

jzpfyGm;yHk tcsdef (em&D/ aeŒ/v/ckESpf) rnfonfhae&mwGifjzpfyGm;ovJ/ tjcm;rnfolawG±Sdao;ovJ/ rnfoluusL;vGefovJ (xdkolta=umif;tao;pdwf/ vlrnfr#yg0ifonf/ wyf&if;trnf/ ,leDazmif;0wfxm;rxm;/ vufeufudkifxm;rxm;) olwdkŒbmajymovJ rdrdtm;t=urf;zufIðyvkyfovm;/ ±kyfydkif;qdkif&mb,fvdkt=urf;zufvJ/ pdwfydkif;qdkif&mb,fvdkt=urf;zufvJ? b,favmuf=umatmifðyusifhovJ/ b,fESpfa,mufðyusifhvJ/ ðyusifhcH&t+yD; cE<mudk,femusifr_b,fvdkjzpfvJ/ rdrdwOD;xJudkvm;/ tjcm;olygao;vm;/ xdktjzpfudk awGŒjrifol±Sdvm;/

ðyusifhcH&+yD;aemufydkif;tjzpftysuf - q&m0ef/ aq;tr_xrf;ESifhawGŒ+yD;r+yD;/ - awGŒygu rnfonfhtcsdefuvJ/ - aq;rSwfcsuf/ - xdkudpPtm;tr_zGifhwdkif=um;ygovm;/ - wdkif=um;ygurnfonfhtcsdefuvJ/ - xdkwdkif=um;csufudk tpdk;&ub,fvdkwkefŒjyefygovJ/ - vuf±Sdxdktr_tajctaeb,fvdk±SdvJ? - vuf±Sdusef;rma&;tajctae - ðyusifhcH&t+yD;±kyfydkif;qdkif&mxl;jcm;csuf - vuf±Sdusef;rma&;tajctae/ - pdwfydkif;qdkif&mtajctae - vuf±Sdaq;ukor_cHaeygu bmtwGufa=umifhvJ/

59

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ azmiftrsKd ;tpm;trSwf ( ) csdK;azmufcH&oltrSwfpOf ———————csd K ;azmuf c H o l E S i f h y wf o uf a omtcsuf t vuf trnf vdif touf arG;aeŒ ud;k uG,o f nfb h mom tdraf xmif tdraf xmifzuftrnf uav;ta&twGuf ae&yfvdyfpm ynma&;tqifhtwef; tvkyftudkif wm0ef zrf ; qD ; cH & r_ E S i h f y wf o uf a omowif ; zrf;qD;ol ta&twGuf wm0eftqifhtwef; wyf&if; zrf;qD;cH&ol usm;/r ta&twGufESifhtrnf ae&m aeŒpJG bmtwGufa=umifhzrf;qD;oGm;onf ESdyfpufcH&ygu ESdyfpufcH&yHk csKyfaESmifxm;qJjzpfygu csKyfaESmifxm;onfhae&m aemufqHk;usef;rma&;tajctae ±H;k wifppfaq;ygu ppfaq;onfw h &m;±H;k jypf'%f aeŒpJG jyefvGwfvmygu aeŒpJG ta=umif;t&m ay;&onfhaiGyrm%

tcsuftvufpkaqmif;onfhaeŒpJG pkaqmif;ol vufrSwf

60

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

tcef; (7) tpD&ifcjH cif; (Reporting) tpD&ifcHjcif;qdkwmbmvJ? rdrpd pkH rf;awGŒ±Sx d m;aomtcsut f vufrsm;udk rdrt d zJŒG tpnf;. ±H;k cef;xJ/ zdkifwJGrsm;xJwGifomodrf;qnf;xm;Irjzpfyg? rdrdwdkŒ&nf±G,fxm;onfhtwdkif; csdK; azmufcH&oltwGuf vdktyfonfhta&;,laqmif±Gufr_rsm; ay:aygufvmap&ef/ aemufxyfxdktjzpfrsdK; xyfrHray:aygufap&eftwGuf wm;qD;umuG,fr_rsm; taumiftxnfay:vmap&eftwGuf tjcm;vkyfief;wqifhudk xyfrHvkyfudkif&ef vdktyfonf? xdkvkyfie;ftqifhrSm tpD&ifcHjcif;jzpfonf? tpD&ifcHjcif;wGif rdrd&nf±G,fcsufrsm; taumiftxnfazmf&eftwGuf enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh tpd&ifcHjcif;rsm;±Sdonf? wcgw&HwGif pma&;om;jzefŒa0jcif;/ wcgw&HwGif tpD&ifcHpmrsm;a&;om;xkwfa0jcif;/ xdkr#ru owif;xkwfjyef a=unmcsurf sm; xkwjf yefjcif;wdŒk vnf; ±Sw d wfonf? ‚if;wdŒk tm;vH;k onf tpD&ifcH jcif; vkyfief;ESifhtóuH;0ifonf? tcsdKŒtpD&ifcHjcif;rsm;onf vlenf;enf;udkom jzefŒa0today;jcif;rsdK;±Sdwwf+yD; tcsdKŒrSm trsm;jynfolw&yfvHk;odatmif jzefŒa0 jcif;rsdK;vnf; ±Sdonf? xdktpD&ifcHjcif;rsm;wGif rnfonfhtcsufrsm; yg0ifoifhonf qdak omtcsuu f kd qH;k jzwf&mwGif rnfow l Œkd udk rnfonft h a=umif;rsm; today;I rnfonfh&nf±G,fcsuftwdkif; jzpfaprnfqdkonfh tcsufoHk;csuftay: rlwnfI pOf;pm;qHk;jzwf&ayrnf? tpD&ifcHjcif;udkvkyfudkifonfhtcg t"duta&;t}uD;qHk; tcsufrSm ormorwfusonf[k trsm;u vufcH,Hk=unfapEdkifrnfh yHkpHjzifh a&;om;&ef jzpfonf? tcsuftvuftrSefrsm;udk wdwdususrSefrSefuefuef a&;om;xm; onf [ k pmzwf o l r sm;uvuf c H , H k = unf a prnf h ta&;tom;wif j yr_ y H k p H r sm;

61

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

jzpfoifhonf? jyif;xef=urf;wrf;aom xdk;ESufwdkufcdkufcsufrsm;/ em;±_wfaxG; aprnfh pum;vHk;rsm;udka±Smif±Sm;oifhonf? tpD&ifcjH cif;tqifw h iG f pma&;om;jcif;/ owif;a=unmcsuf xkwjf yefjcif;/ ta&;ay:vkyfaqmif&ef wyfvSefŒjcif;/ pmwrf;wdkrsm;/ txl;tpD&ifcHpmrsm; a&; om;jcif; trsKd ;rsKd ;±So d nft h wGuf xdt k a=umif;t&mrsm;. uJjG ym;r_rsm;udk avhvm oifhonf? pma&;om;jcif; txl;owif;tcsufrsm;udk vltkyfpki,frsm;xH ay;ydkŒvdkonfhtcg xdkodkŒ pmrsm;a&;om;ay;ydkŒjcif;tm; atmifjrifpGmtoHk;ðyEdkifonf? xdkta=umif;t&m rsm; yg0ifonfph mrsm;udk tpd;k &t&m±Srd sm;/ (txl;ojzifh w&m;a&;0ef}uD;/ jynfxJ a&;0ef}uD;) wdŒk xH ay;ydŒk avh±o dS nf? trsm;jynfot l m;vH;k rodapvdak om owif; tcsuftvufrsm;udk oufqdkif&mxHtoday;vdkonfhtcg ,ckenf;rSm toHk;0if onf? rsm;aomtm;jzifh pmxJwiG f ay;ydŒk oltaejzifh rnfuo hJ Œkd vkyaf qmifapvdk a=umif ; azmf j yxm;I xd k o d k Œ vk y f a qmif & ef yef = um;aom ta&;tom;rsd K ; yg0ifavh±Sdonf? xdkodkŒpma&;om;&mwGif tu,fIrdrdtzJGŒta=umif;/ a&;om;olrsm; ta=umif;udk pmzwfrnfholtaejzifh rod±Sdao;v#if rdrdrnfolrnf0gjzpfa=umif; tpcsrD w d q f ufa&;om;oifo h nf? xdak emufwiG rf S bmta=umif;a=umifh ,ckpmudk a&;om;ay;ydkŒvdkufjcif;jzpfa=umif; ±Sif;vif;jy&rnf? xdkŒaemufxdkta=umif;ESifh ywfoufaom vdktyfonfh tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm; azmfjyEdkifonf? ‚if; aemuf xdkoltm;rnfuJhodkŒ vkyfaqmifapcsifa=umif; yef=um;onfh tcsufrsm; a&;om;&rnf? aemufqHk;wGif rdrdtm;jyefvnfqufoG,fta=umif;=um;ay;&ef yef=um;r_jzifh tqHk;owf&rnf?

62

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

owif;xkwfjyefcsuf owif;xkwfjyefcsufqdkonfrSm owif;Xmersm;jzpf=uaom a&'D,dk/ ±kyfjrifoH=um;/ owif;pm/ r*~Zif;wdkŒu rdrdwifjyvdkaomta=umif;t&mudk owif;tjzpf xnfhoGif;wifjyvmatmif wdkwdkawmif;awmif; a&;om;jcif; jzpf onf? xdkowif;xkwfjyefcsufrsm;udk owif;Xmersm;omru tjcm;tzJGŒtpnf; rsm;. tpdk;Xmersm;odkŒvnf; ay;ydkŒavh±Sdonf? xdkodkŒowif;xkwfjyefawmhrnfqdkv#if rdrdtzJGŒtpnf;trnf/ wHqdyf/ acgif;pnf;/ vdyfpmrsm;yg0ifaom w&m;0ifpnf;wHqdyfrsm;jzifh a&;om;xkwfjyef oifhonf? rdrdxkwfjyefaomowif;tay: pdwf0ifpm;olrsm;u rdrdtm;jyefvnf qufoG,fEdkifrnhfvdyfpm/ zkef;/zufpf/ tD;ar;vfponfwdkŒvnf; yg0if&rnf? acgif;pOfudk pm;vHk;t±G,ftpm; uJGjym;pGma&;&rnf? owif;pmwGif oHk;aom owif;acgif;pOfrsm;uJhodkŒ zwf±_olrsm;.tm±Hkudk qJGaqmifEdkifaom acgif;pOfrsm;jzpfoifhonf? acgif;pOfudkpdwf0ifpm;rSom pmudk,fwGifygaom tcsuf rsm;udk qufvufzwf±_vdkpdwf±Sdrnf? xkwjf yefonfah eŒpJu G kd rysurf uGux f nfo h iG ;f yg? ta&;w}uD;jzefŒcsv D ykd gu “tvsiftjref”[k a&;om;owday;Edkifonf? xdkta=umif;t&mESifhywfoufI tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm; xyfrH ay;Edkifaom rdrdtzJGŒtpnf;twGif;rS ajyma&;qdkcGifh±SdaomvltrnfESifh ‚if;tm; qufoG,fEdkifrnfh zkef;eHywfudk xnfhoGif;a&;om;ay;yg? pmudk,fwGifyg0ifaom ta&;tom;tcsuftvufrsm;onf owif;pm rsm;wG i f t+rJ w rf ; awG Œ jrif a e&aom ta&;tom;rsd K ;jzpf o if h o nf ? yxr pma=umif;wGif t"du (b)ajcmufvHk;yg0ifatmifa&;om;I aemufydkif;wGif

63

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odoifhodxdkufaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk a±G;cs,fxnfhoGif;a&;om;&rnf? rd r d t zJ G Œ .wm0ef ± S d o l u xd k u d p P E S i f h y wf o uf I ajym=um;csuf u d k aumufElwfxnfhoGif;ay;ygu owif;orm;rsm;ydkrdkESpfouf=uonf? xdkajym=um; csufudk owif;orm;rsm;u xkwfElwfudk;um;csuftjzpf xnfhoGif;avh±Sdonf? rdrd.owif;xkwfjyefa=unmcsufwGif tpdk;&tm;rdrdtaejzifh rnfonfh tcsufrsm;vkyfaqmifap=umif;udk ay:vGifatmif xnfhoGif;a&;om;oifhonf? xkwfjyefa=unmcsuf. aemufqHk;wGif rdrdtzJGŒtpnf;ta=umif;/ rnf onfh tcsdefuzJGŒpnf;cJhonf? rnfonfh&nf±G,fcsufjzifh rnfonfh vkyfief;rsm; vkyfudkifaqmif±Gufaeonfudk tusOf;csKyfa&;om;azmfjyoifhonf? ta&;ay:vkyfaqmif&efwyfvSefŒjcif; ta&;ay:vkyfaqmif&ef wyfvSefŒjcif;qdkonfrSm vlwOD;wa,mufcsif; xHoŒkd ta&;ay:vlŒtcGit hf a&;csKd ;azmufc&H r_wck jzpfymG ;aea=umif; wyfveS Œf tod ay;I csdK;azmufcHae&onfh xdkoltm; 0dkif;0ef;ulnDumuG,f&eftwGuf vwf wavmcsufcsif; vkyfaqmifr_wck vkyfaqmif&ef wdkufwGef;yef=um;jcif;jzpfonf? xdkwyfvSef‹pmrsdK;udk EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;wa,muftm; zrf;qD;xm;+yD; !‡if;yrf; ESyd pf ufr_ óuHawGŒ&Edik o f nft h cgrsKd ;wGijf zpfap ppfwyf odŒk r[kw&f w J Œkd u vlwa,muf tm; touftE W&m,f+cdrf;ajcmufr_ðyaev#if xdkolrsm;udk umuG,f&eftwGuf ta&;ay:wyfvSefŒjcif;rsm;udk ay;ydkŒavh±Sdonf? xdkpmrsdK;wGif zrf;qD;cHae&aomol odkŒr[kwf +cdrf;ajcmufcHae&aomol twG u f txl ; pd k ; &d r f r uif ; jzpf a e&onf h tcsuf y g0if & rnf ? xd k o l t ay: xd k tE W&m,fusa&mufrnf[k bma=umifh rdrdxifjrifa=umif;udk azmfjyavh±Sdonf? pmzwfol pmvufcHoltaejzifh rnfonfhvkyfaqmifr_rsdK;udk csufcsif;vkyfaqmif apvdka=umif; ±Sif;vif;pGm!$ef=um;azmfjyxm;&rnf? rsm;aomtm;jzifh xdkoltm;

64

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

umuG,fr_rsm;ðyvkyfay;&ef tpdk;&wm0ef±Sdolrsm;xH ,Ofaus;pGmyef=um;pmrsm; a&;om;&ef wdu k w f eG ;f avh±o dS nf? xdo k Œkd pmrsm;a&;om;ay;ydŒk &rnfh tpd;k & wm0ef±dS ol yk*~dKvftrnfESifh vdyfpmudkxnfhoGif;a&;om;xm;wwfonf? pmwrf;wdkrsm;a&;om;jcif; pmwrf;wdkrsm;a&;om;jcif;rSm vlwOD;wa,muf tjzpftysufr[kwfbJ ta=umif;t&m acgif;pOfwckESifh ywfoufI vltrsm; pdwf0ifpm;vmap&ef &nf±G,fa&;om;jcif;rsdK;jzpfonf? pmrsufESm oHk;±GufrS q,f±Guftxd ±Snfvsm; wwfonf? pmwrf;wdka&;om;&mwGif rdrda&;om;vdkaom ta=umif;t&mudkom t"duxm; a&;om;aqG;aEG;xm;&rnf? Oyrm - w&m;r0if vdiftvkyforrsm; tm; owfjzwfr_/ ±Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;tay: r=umcifu xdk;ppfqifr_ponfhjzifh t"Duxm;aom acgif;pOfrsm;atmufrS a&;om;aom tcsufrsm; aoGz,froGm; atmif owdðya&;om;&rnf? yxrOD;qHk; ta=umif;t&m tjzpftysufta=umif;udk òcHiHka&;om; rdwfqufxm;aompmydk'fjzifh pwifavh±Sdonf? xdkaemufavhvmawGŒ±Sdxm;aom tjzpftysurf sm;/ xGuq f ckd surf sm;xnfo h iG ;f avh±o dS nf? tqH;k oyfwiG f ta=umif; t&mrsm;udk tusOf;csKyfxm;aom ed*Hk;csKyfyg0ifavh±Sdonf? ta&;t}uD;qHk;rSm oufqdkif&mtpdk;&rsm;tm; xdkudpPESifhywfoufI rnfodkŒvkyfudkifaqmif±Guf apvdka=umif;tm; xnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;onfh t}uHðycsufrsm;yg0if&efjzpfonf? pmwrf ; wd k r sm;a&;om;xk w f a 0v#if taumif ; qH k ; tcsuf r S m xd k p mwrf ; wG i f yg0ifaomta=umif;t&mrsm;udk tESpcf sKyfa&;om;xm;onfh owif;xkwjf yefcsuf udk rsufESmzHk;pm±Guftaejzifh yl;wJGxkwfjyefEdkifv#if taumif;qHk;jzpfonf? xdkodkŒ vkyfaqmifEdkifygu owif;Xmersm;. pdwf0ifpm;r_udk ydkrdk&Edkifonf?

65

vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

txl;tpD&ifcHpma&;om;jcif; txl;tpD&ifcHpmrsm;wGif ta=umif;t&mtrsdK;rsdK; xnfhoGif;a&;om; xm;wwfonf? ta=umif;t&mrsKd ;pHu k kd a&;om;xm;aom pmwrf;i,frsm; pkaygi;f xm;onfh txl;tpD&ifcHpmrsm;vnf;xGufay:wwfonf? Oyrm - jrefrmEdkifiH vlŒtcGit hf a&;ESpyf wfvnftpD&ifcpH m/ xdik ;f Edik if H pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;ESihf ,Ofaus;r_ qdkif&m tcGifhta&;rsm;ta=umif; tpD&ifcHpm ponfwdkŒjzpfonf? xdktxl;tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk a&;om;ðypk&mwGif tcsdefumvESifh vkyfief; aqmifwmrsm; =um±Snfrsm;jym;avh±Sdonf? xdkodkŒtxl;tpD&ifcHpmrsm; a&;om; rnfhtpm; pmwrf;i,frsm;a&;om;jcif;u ydkrdktcsdefoufomrnfvm;/ rdrdtzJGŒ twGuf ydkrdkoifhawmfrnfvm;udk pOf;pm;qifjcif&rnf? xdktpD&ifcHrsm;wGif ed'gef;/ twdkcsKyfwifjycsufrsm;/ ed*Hk;/ t}uHðycsufrsm;yg0ifavh±Sdonf? xdkodkŒ txl; tpD&ifcpH mrsm; xkwaf 0jzefŒcsad wmhrnfqv kd #if xdt k a=umif;t&mrsm;udk tESpcf sKyf a&;om;xm;aom owif;xkwjf yefcsuu f kd wòydik ef ufxw k af 0oifo h nf? xdt k pD&ifcH pmrsm;onf ordkif;wGif&pfrnfhtaxmuftxm;rsm;jzpfaoma=umifh aocsmpGm jyifqifoifhonf? oyf,yfpGmzefwD;oifhonf? tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk rnfuJhodkŒjzefŒa0oifhoenf;? rnfr#yif óud;pm;tm;xkwI f aumif;rGeaf tmifjyifqifxm;aom tpD&ifcH pmyif jzpfapumrl jzefŒa0r_tm;raumif;v#if tusdK;r±Sd tv[\jzpfwwf onf? qdv k o kd nfrmS a&mufoifo h nfo h x l o H Œkd a&mufoifo h nfh tcsed w f iG f ta&muf ydŒk &efvt kd yfa=umif; qdv k jkd cif;jzpfonf? ,cktcgwiG f v#ypf pfpmydŒk pepfjzifh vsiv f sif jrefjrefydkŒaqmifEdkifae+yDjzpf&m xdkacwfrDenf;pepfrsm;udktoHk;ðyI rdrd. tpD&ifcH pmrsm; vlrsm;rsm;zwf±_Ekdifatmifvkyf&ayrnf? aemufxyfowdðyoifah omtcsuw f csurf mS tcsed u f u kd rf j_ zpfonf? txl; ojzifh owif;xkwfjyefa=unmcsufrsm;onf tcsdefudkufr_±Sd&ef ta&;}uD;onf/

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tzJGŒtpnf;rsm;uxkwfjyefaom pHkprf;ppfaq;awGŒ±Sdcsufrsm;wGif yg0ifoifhonfhtcsufrsm; xdkpHkprf;ppfaq;r_wGif yg0ifaqmif±Gufaomolrsm;. trnfrsm;udk xkwf azmfEikd yf gu azmfjyoifo h nf? tcsKd ŒtajctaersKd ;wGif vHòk chaH &;a=umifjh zpfap/ tjcm; ta=umif;rsm;a=umifjh zpfap xdo k rl sm;udk trnfrsm;udk azmfjyIr&aom tcgrsKd ;vJ ±Sdwwfonf? tu,fI acgif;pOfu¾rsm;udk oD;jcm;pDcJGI a&;om;xm;ygu rnfolu rnfonfhacgif;pOfudk a&;om;xm;onfudk azmfjyoifhonf? xdkŒaemuf xdo k Œkd pHpk rf;ppfaq;r_ ðyvky&f jcif;. &nf±, G cf su/f toH;k ðyaom enf;vrf;rsm;/ ae&m tajctaersm;/ awGŒ±S&d aom owif;&if;jrpfrsm; ponfwŒkd ta=umif;udk ±Si;f vif; oifhonf? odkŒrSompmzwfoltaejzifh xdktpD&ifcHpmudk rnfuJhodkŒ ðypka&;om;cJh a=umif;udk od±Sdayvdrfhrnf? xdt k pD&ifcpH mxJwiG f rdrw d Œkd ±SmazGawGŒ±Scd ahJ om awGŒ±Scd surf sm;tm; tao; pdwfazmfjyoihfonf? jzpfEdkifygu rdrdawGŒqHkar;jref;xm;csufrsm;udk wdkuf±dkuf ud;k um;I xnfEh ikd o f nf? ajymqdo k . l trnfrsm;udv k nf; xnfo h iG ;f azmfjyEdik yf gu azmfjyoifo h nf? xdŒk tjyif rdr±d mS azGawGŒcJah om owif;&if;jrpfrsm;udk azmfjyEdik yf gu azmfjyay;&rnf? ta=umif;a=umif;a=umifh azmfjy&efroifah om owif;&if;jrpfrsm;/ rd r d t aejzif h a zmf j yjcif ; rðyvk y f y g[k *wd a y;xm;aom owif ; &if ; jrpf r sm;ud k xnfhoGif;azmfjyjcif;rðy&? xdkodkŒawGŒ±Sdcsufrsm;udk toHk;ðy&mwGif jzpfyGm;aomtr_rsm;tm; jzpfay: ap&ef wGe;f tm;ay;aeaomtcsurf sm;udk ay:vGiaf tmifwifjyEdik &f rnf? rnfonhf tcsufrsm;udkusL;vGefjcif;jzpfa=umif;/ bmtwGufa=umifh xdkodkŒusL;vGefr_rsm; jzpfyGm;&jcif;jzpfa=umif;/ usL;vGefolrsm;onf rnfonfh&nf±G,fcsufjzifh usL;vGef jcif;jzpfa=umif;udk rdrd. qef;ppfa0zefcsufjzifh wifjy&rnf? tu,fI rdrdxHwGif

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wduscikd v f akH om w&m;±H;k xGuq f ckd su/f aq;ppfcsurf w S w f rf;rsm;±Syd gu xdo k ufao taxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh rdrdwifjycsuf cdkifvHka=umif;oufaojyoifhonf? xdt k pD&ifcpH mrsKd ;wGif rygrjzpfyg0ifoifah omtcef;rSm ed*;kH csKyf oH;k oyfcsuf ESifh t}uHðycsuftcef;rsm;jzpfonf? xdktjzpftysufrsm; jzpfay:&jcif; ta=umif; &if;rsm;udk ed*;kH csKyfwiG x f yfavmif;azmfjyI xdt k jzpfrsKd ;udk umuG,[ f efŒwm;Edik &f ef oufqdkif&mtpdk;&taejzifh rnfonfht&mrsm; vkyfaqmifoifha=umif;/ xdktpdk;& vkyfaqmifvmap&eftwGuf tjcm;tzJGŒtpnf;rsm;/ EdkifiHwumtzJGŒrsm;/ tpdk;& rsm;u rnfonfhzdtm;rsm;ay;oifha=umif;udk t}uHay;csufwGif xnfhoGif;azmfjy oifhonf? tpD&ifcHpmudk rdrdtm;owif;rsm;ay;cJholrsm;/ oufqdkif&mtpdk;&rsm;/ vkyfief;wlvkyfaqmifaeaomtzJGŒtpnf;rsm;/ tjcm;today;oifhaomtpdk;&rsm;/ a'oqdkif&mESifh EdkifiHwumtpdk;&ESifh tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzJGŒtpnf;rsm;odkŒ jzefŒcsD&rnf? tpD&ifcHxkwfjyeft+yD; qufvufvkyfaqmifoifhaomtcsufrsm; - rdrdwdkŒpHkprf;ppfaq;awGŒ±Sdaom tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_rsm;onf EdkifiHawmf Oya'ESifh EdkifiHwumvlŒtcGifhta&;Oya'rsm;t& oufqdkif&mtpdk;&taejzifh av;pm;vdkufem&efwm0ef±Sda=umif;udk txift±Sm;xkwfazmfajymqdk&rnf? tu,fI xdck sKd ;azmufc&H aomtcGit hf a&;onf Edik if aH wmftpd;k &. vufrw S f xdk;xm;aom a'oodkŒr[kwf EdkifiHwumvlŒtcGifhta&;qdkif&m oabmwl pmcsKyfwiG f yg0ifaom tcsurf sm;jzpfaeygu tpd;k &onf av;pm;vdu k ef m&ef wm0ef±adS om tcsurf sm;udk csKd ;azmufaea=umif; rD;armif;xd;k jy&rnf? xdo k Œkd csd K ;azmuf a omtcsuf r sm; trsm;tjym;jzpf a eygu wcsuf c sif ; pD u d k odomatmif axmufjy&rnf? trsKd ;orD;rsm;tay: apmfum;t=urf;zufrr_ sm;tm; Edik if w H um vlŒtcGihf ta&;Oya'rsm;wGif txl;wdwdususazmfjyxm;jcif; r±Sdao;aomfvnf;

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xd k t =urf ; zuf r _ r sm;onf Oya'rsm;wG i f y g0if a om tcsd K Œtcsuf r sm;ES i f h tóuH;0ifvsu±f o dS nf? Oyrm - ppfyu GJ mvtwGi;f trsKd ;orD;rsm;tm; rk'ed ;f usijhf cif;onf ESyd pf ufjcif;qdik &f m oabmwlpmcsKyfwiG f wdwu d sus t"dym` ,f owfrSwfazmfjyxm;jcif; r±Sdaomfvnf; xdkpmcsKyfwGifygaom tcsufrsm;t& ESyd pf uf!i‡ ;f yrf;r_ajrmufonfuakd wGŒ&onf? tjcm;aom trsKd ;orD;rsm;tay: t=urf;zufjcif;rsm;udkvnf; EdkifiHwum vlŒtcGifhta&; pmcsKyfwcktaejzifh oD;oefŒa&;om;xm;jcif;r±Sad o;aomfvnf; xdt k =urf; zufrr_ sm;onf ESyd pf uf !‡if;yrf;r_qdkif&m oabmwlpmcsKyfyg t"dy`m,fzGifhqdk csufrsm;ESifh tóuH;0if aeonf? xdktwGufa=umifh trsdK;orD;tcGifhta&; v_yf±Sm;aqmif±Gufolrsm; tzdkŒ xdkpmcsKyfygtcsufrsm;udk tao;pdwfavhvmI trsdK;orD;tcGifhta&; csdK;azmufr_rsm;udk xdkpmcsKyfygrnfonfhtcsufjzifh udkifwG,fajymqdkEdkifrnfudk yg;yg;eyfeyfavhvm&ef vdktyfvSonf? - xdkvlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_rsm;onf trsdK;orD;tcGifhta&; csdK;azmufr_rsm; ygjzpfa=umif; xifxif±Sm;±Sm; rD;armif;xdk;jyyg? vlŒtcGifhta&; csdK;azmufr_wdkif;onf vdifuJGjym;r_udktajccHaom/ vdif uJGjym;r_a=umifh jzpfyGm;&aom csdK;azmufr_rsm;r[kwfay? vlŒtcGifhta&; csdK; azmufr_wckonf vdifuJGjym;r_a=umifhjzpfyGm;&onf[k qdkEdkif&eftwGuf xif±Sm;aomta=umif;t&mudk cdkifcdkifrmrmjyoEdkif&rnf? xdktwGufa=umifh pHkprf;ppfaq;r_ðyvkyfpOf umvuwnf;u xdkvlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_onf omrefvlŒtcGifhta&; csdK;azmufr_wckomrubJ vdifuJGjym;aoma=umifh usL;vGefjcif;/ usL;vGefcH&jcif;/ jzpfay:atmif wGef;tm;ay;cH&jcif;jzpfonf [laom tcsurf sm;udk ay:vGiaf tmif jyoEdik &f rnf? Oyrm - aus;±Gmw±Gmudk ppfwyfu0ifa&mufodrf;ydkufI awGŒor#trsdK;om;trsdK;orD;rsm;tm;vHk;udk zrf;qD;r_onf rw&m;ojzifh zrf;qD;aom vlŒtcGit hf a&;csKd ;azmufr[ _ k qdEk ikd f onf? tu,fI xdzk rf;qD;cH&aom trsKd ;orD;rsm;tm;vH;k udk om;a=umzsuf aq; twif;t=uyfx;kd ay;onf/ trsKd ;om;tm; bmrSrvkyq f v kd #if vdiu f jGJ ym; r_a=umifh trsdK;orD;rsm;. tcGifhta&;csdK;azmuf r_[k qdkEdkifonf? xdktcsuf rsdK;udkxif±Sm;atmifwifjyI trsm;u vufcHvmatmif v_HŒaqmfoifhonf?

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- tpdk;&wGifwm0ef±Sdonfhtcsufudk odomxif±Sm;atmif wifjyyg? vlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_rsm;/ trsdK;orD;tcGifhta&; csdK;azmufcH&r_rsm;udk pHkprf;±SmazGI tpD&ifcH+yD;onfhtcg xdktr_rsm;jzpfyGm;&jcif;wGif oufqdkif&m EdkifiHtpdk;&wGif wm0ef±Sda=umif;odomxif±Sm;atmifjyo&ef vdktyfonf? xdktr_rsm;udk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&udk,fwdkifuusL;vGefonfjzpfap/ rusL;vGef onfjzpfap xdkodkŒjzpfyGm;&onfhtay: EdkifiHawmftpdk;& wm0ef±Sda=umif; oufaowifjy&efrSm vG,fulaomtvkyfwckawmhr[kwfay? tu,fI Edik if aH wmftpd;k &wGif wm0ef±adS om &JwyfzŒGJ / ppfwyfu olwOD; OD;u vlŒtcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_wckudkusL;vGefygu EdkifiHawmftpdk;& csdK; azmufa=umif; vG,v f , G u f u l yl if wifjyEdik rf nf? Edik if aH wmfOya'rsm;/ tpd;k & udk,fwdkif vufrSwfxdk;xm;aom a'oqdkif&mEsifh EdkifiHwumOya'rsm;udk udkifwG,fI xdkoabmwlpmcsKyfyg tcsufrsm;udk csdK;azmufa=umif; wifjy ta&;qdkEdkifonf? odkŒaomf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u udk,fwdkifudk,fuscsdK;azmufjcif;r[kwfbJ umuG,fay;&ef/ csdK;azmufoludk tumtuG,fay;&ef/ ukpm;ay;&ef ponf wdkŒudk ysufuGufonfhtcgrsdK;wGif EdkifiHawmftpdk;&wGif wm0ef±Sdonf[laom tcsufudk vG,fvG,fululESifh wifjyEdkifawmhrnfr[kwfay? xdkodkŒ wifjy Edkif&eftwGuf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&onf xdkodkŒusL;vGefr_jzpfyGm;Edkifonfudk EdkifiH awmf tpdk;&u óudwifod±Sdxm;onf (odkŒr[kwf) od±Sdxm;avmufonfh taetxm;rsm; ±Sdonfudk yxrOD;qHk;oufaojy&rnf? 'kwd,taejzifh xdk usL;vGefcH&oltwGuf vdktyfaom epfemcsufrsm;&±Sdtmif EdkifiHawmftpdk;& taejzifh vdt k yfovdk aqmif±u G af y;&ef ysuu f u G rf u _ kd oufao±SmazG&rnf? wwd,tcsuftaejzifh xdkodkŒ vdktyfovdkraqmif±Gufay;jcif;rSm csdK;azmuf cH&ol. vdiu f jGJ ym;r_a=umifh jzpfonf[al omtcsuw f Œkd udk txift±Sm; rdr&d & azmfjyEdik &f rnf? tpd;k &u vkt d yfovdv k yk af qmifay;&ef ysuu f u G jf cif;qdo k nf rSm &JwyfzJGŒwGif oGm;a&mufwkdif=um;r_udk vufrcHjcif; omru csdK;azmuf cH&ol trsdK;orD;taejzifh oGm;a&mufwdkif=um;&ef r0hHr&Jjzpfae&jcif;/ oGm; a&mufwdkif=um;v#ifvJ ta&;,laqmif±Gufay;rnfh ,E W,m;r±Sdjcif;wdkŒ

71

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onfvnf; oufqdkif&mtpdk;&zufrS vdktyfovdk aqmif±Guf&ef ysufuGuf r_yifjzpfonf? xdt k csurf sm;udk cdik cf ikd rf mrm wifjyEdik &f rnf? xdo k Œkd wifjy&mwGif f u G rf /_ wm0efrausr/_ vpfvsL±_rw _ Œkd vnf; trSew f u,f tpd;k &zufu ysuu ay:vGifxif±Sm;Edkifrnfh taxmuftxm;rsm; &±SdrSjzpfayrnf? xdkrSwqifh xdo k Œkd ysuu f u G rf r_ sm;onf Edik if aH wmftpd;k &u vufcv H u kd ef m&efwm0ef±adS om EdkifiHwum vlŒtcGifhta&; oabmwlcsufrsm;yg tcsufrsm;ukd csdK;azmuf jcif;jzpfa=umif; wifjyzdkŒvdktyfonf? - jzpfEdkifrnfhajz±Sif;csufrsm;twGuf v_Haqmfr_rsm;/ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwfyg? pHkprf;ppfaq;r_rsm;/ rSwfwrf;wifjcif;rsm; vkyfaqmifaepOfuxnf;u xdkcsdK; azmufcH&r_udk rnfuJhodkŒ wm;qD;umuG,fEdkifrnfhtajzrsm;/ oufqdkifonfh olrsm;tm;vHk;u vkyfudkifaqmif±Gufoifhonfhtcsufrsm;udk ±SmazGpOf;pm; xm;oifo h nf? jzpfEikd af omajz±Si;f csu/f t}uHay;csurf sm; trsm;tjym; ±SEd ikd f onfhtxJrS trSefwu,fvufawGŒususjzpfEdkifrnfh/ vkyfaqmifEdkifrnfh tcsufrsm; tjcm;u|rf;usifolrsm;ESifh wdkifyif!‡dEdkif;& a±G;cs,fqHk;jzwf&rnf? t}udr}f udrt f zefzef oH;k oyf+yD;rSom oifah wmf+yD; trSew f u,fvyk af qmifoifh onfh tcsufrsm;udk csrSwf&ayrnf? - xdkta=umif;t&mESihfywfoufI rsufacsrjywfqufvufapmifh=uyfyg? pHpk rf;ppfaq;jcif;/ rSww f rf;wifjcif;/ tpD&ifcjH cif;rsm; toD;oD;vkyaf qmift+yD; qufvufvkyfaqmif&efrSm vlŒtcGifhta&;v_HŒaqmfjcif;om jzpfawmhonf? odŒk aomfvnf; vlŒtcGit hf a&;v_ŒH aqmfr_ vkyu f ikd af eonfu h mvtwGi;f rSmwGif rdrdpHkprf;ppfaq;tpD&ifcHxm;aom ta=umif;t&mESifhywfoufI rsufacs rjywf&ef/ aemufq;kH owif;rsm;udk qufvufapmif=h uyfae&ef txl;ta&;}uD; onf? tpD&ifpmxkwfjyef+yD;onfESifh rdrdwm0efaus+yD[k r,lqoifhay? rdrt d pD&ifccH ahJ om udpEP iS yhf wfoufI tajctae ydrk q kd ;kd 0g;r_rsm;±Sv d movm;/ tpdk;& odkŒr[kwf wm0ef±Sdolrsm;u ta&;,laqmif±Gufr_rsm;±Sdvmovm;/ xdkajymif;vJvmr_rsm; tay:rlwnfI v_HŒaqmfaqmif±Gufr_rsm; ajymif;vJG&ef vdktyfovm; t+rJrjywf avhvmae&rnf?

72

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tpD&ifcHpmxkwfjyeft+yD; vH_Œaqmfr_rsm;vkyfaepOftwGif; tpdk;&. wkefŒjyefr_rsm;udk avhvmoifhonf? rdrdtm;ulnDowif;ay;cJhaomolrsm;/ um,uH±iS rf sm;/ rsujf rifoufaorsm;/ ‚if;wdŒk .aqGrsKd ;rsm;udk tpd;k &taeESihf wckck wHkŒjyefr_rsm;vkyfaqmifr_±Sdr±Sd rsufacsrjywfapmifh=uyf&rnf? xdkŒjyif rd r d t }uH ð yxm;aom t}uH a y;csuf r sm;ud k ouf q d k i f & mtpd k ; &taeES i f h taumiftxnfazmf aqmif±Gufjcif;/ vdkufemjcif;rsm;±Sdr±SdudkvJ apmifh=uyf &efvo kd nf? e,fajra'o twGi;f xdt k a=umif;t&mrsm;udk apmif=h uyfaeaom a'ocHtjcm;tzJGŒtpnf; rsm;ESifhvnf; t+rJrjywfqufoG,fr_rsm;ðyvkyfI a'otwGif; zHGŒòzd;wdk;wufr_ owif;rsm; &,l&rnf? tu,fI aemufxyf pHpk rf;ppfaq;r_rsm;/ tpD&ifcrH r_ sm; vdrk vdk oH;k oyf&rnf? v_ŒH aqmfrv _ yk if ef;rsm; rnfodkŒajymif;vJoifhonf? rnfonfh t&mrsm; xyfrHvkyfaqmifoifhonf ponfwdkŒudkvJ t+rJrjywfoHk;oyfa0zef ajymif;vJr_rsm; vkyfaqmif&ayrnf?

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vlŒtcGit hf a&;tcsut f vufpak qmif;r+vufpGJ

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