Exploring The Unknown

Exploring the Unknown

 Different Versions of C.  Difference between ANSI C and Turbo C  Difference between Vista and XP.  Difference type of OS.  Latest Configuration to buy a system.

Different Versions of C  K&RC  ANSI C / C89  ISO C / C90  C93  C99

K & R C: Ritchie, Dennis and Kernighan, Brian wrote the first version of C in 1978 as “The C Programming Language” (also called as “White Book”) and the concerned specification of C is informally called as K & R C. K&R introduced several language features such as standard I/O library, long int data type and unsigned int data type. •

In the years following the publication of K&R C, several unofficial features were added to the language, supported by compilers from AT&T and some other vendors such as void functions. The large number of extensions and lack of agreement on a standard library,

together with the language popularity and the fact that not even the Unix compilers precisely implemented the K&R specification, led to the necessity of standardization. This standardization led to further versions starting from ANSI C.

ANSI C / C89: In 1983, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) formed a committee, X3J11, to establish a standard specification of C. In 1989, the standard was ratified as ANSI X3.159-1989 "Programming Language C." This version of the language is often referred to as ANSI C, Standard C, or sometimes C89.

ISO C / C90:

In 1990, the ANSI C standard (with a few minor modifications) was adopted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as ISO/IEC 9899:1990. This version is sometimes called C90. Therefore, the terms "C89" and "C90" refer to essentially the same language.

C93: This version of C also called as Amendment 1, AM1, or C93 was developed in 1993. It added more support for wide characters and Unicode. This became ISO/IEC 9899-1:1994.

C99: In 1999, ISO/IEC 9899 (generally known as C99) was adopted by ISO. It incorporated Amendment 1, and added a great many minor features. Perhaps the most significant one for most programmers is the C++-like ability to declare variables at any point in a block, rather than just at the beginning. Macros with a variable number of arguments were also added. This is the standard still in use.

Difference between ANSI C and TURBO C ANSI C is the set of standards given out by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to maintain uniformity and to standardize the C language. Meanwhile, TURBO C is a compiler brought out by Borland Inc. It is an essentially an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) rather than a normal C compiler.

Different Types of Operating Systems The different types of operating systems based on Distribution are listed below:

Apple:  Apple II  Apple III  Lisa OS  Macintosh 

Mac OS o System Software 1 o System Software 2 o System Software 3 o System Software 4 o System Software 5 o System Software 6 o System 7(a.k.a. “Big Bang”) o Mac OS 8 o Mac OS 9

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Unix – Like o A/UX o MkLinux o Mac OSX  Darwin(open source)  Mac OS X v10.0(Cheetah)

 Mac OS X v10.1(Puma)  Mac OS X v10.2(Jaguar)  Mac OS X v10.3(Panther)  Mac OS X v10.4(Tiger)*  Mac OS X v10.5(Leopard)**  Mac OS X Server* *Mac OS X Tiger and Mac OS X Server are released on 20th June 2007. **Mac OS X Leopard is expected to be released soon.

Microsoft:  Xenix (licensed UNIX version)  MSX-DOS  MS -DOS (developed jointly with IBM)  Windows CE 

Windows CE 3.0

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Windows Mobile

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Windows CE 5.0

 Microsoft Windows 

Windows 1.0

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Windows 2.0

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Windows 3.0

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Windows 3.1x

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Windows 3.2 (Chinese release)

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Windows 95 (4.0)

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Windows 98 (4.1)

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Windows 98 Second Edition (4.2)

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Windows Millennium Edition (4.9)

 OS/2  Windows NT

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Windows NT 3.1

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Windows NT 3.5

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Windows NT 3.51

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Windows NT 4.0

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Windows 2000 (NT 5.0)

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Windows XP (NT 5.1 “Whistler”)

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Windows Server 2003 (NT 5.2)

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Windows Vista (NT 6.0 “Longhorn”)*

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Windows Server 2008 (NT 6.0 server “Longhorn Server”)*

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Windows 7 (“Blackcomb/Vienna”)**

 Win PE *Windows Vista, codenamed Longhorn was released on January 2007. ** Windows 7, codenamed Vienna is still under development Phase.

Various Linux/Unix Distributions:  AIX/AIXL  BSD  Caldera Linux  Corel Linux  Debian Linux  Dunix  DYNIX/ptx  HP-UX  IRIX  Kondara Linux  Mandrake Linux  MINIX  Red Hat Linux  Slackwave Linux

 Sun Solaris  SuSE Linux  TurboLinux  Ubuntu Linux  Unisys  Unix