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WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access
European Community
01.A. Professional Services a) Legal advice on home country law and public international law
1)
F, P: Unbound for drafting of legal documents.
1)
F, P: Unbound for drafting of legal documents. DK: Marketing of legal advice activities is restricted to lawyers with a Danish licence to practise and law firms registered in Denmark.
2)
None
3)
D: Access subject to acceptance into 3) a Bar Association according to the "Federal Lawyers Act" which requires establishment which is restricted to sole proprietorship or partnership only.
2)
F: Provision through SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions) or SCP only.
4)
Unbound except for D and UK where: 4) as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations: D and UK: University degree and professional qualifications and three years' professional experience in the sector. D: Unbound for activities reserved to "Rechtsanwalt".
None DK: Marketing of legal advice activities is restricted to law firms registered in Denmark. Only lawyers with a Danish licence to practise and law firms registered in Denmark may own shares in a Danish law firm. Only lawyers with a Danish licence to practise may sit on the board or be part of the management of a Danish law firm.
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
F: Host country law and *10) Access to these professions is international law (including EC governed by the French law No. 90-1259 law) are opened to the of 31 December 1990 which opens the Members of the regulated legal entire range of legal and judicial activities. and judicial profession. *10 L: Host country law and international law (including EC law) subject to registration as "avocat" at the Luxembourg Bar.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access b) Accounting services (CPC 86212 other than "auditing services")
1)
F, GR, I: Unbound
1)
F, GR, I: Unbound
2)
None
2)
None
3)
D: Provision through a "GmbH & CoKG" and "EWIV" is prohibited.
3)
DK: Foreign accountants may enter into partnerships with Danish authorized accountants after obtaining permission from the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency.
F: Provision through a SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions) or SCP only. P: Provision through professional establishment only. I: Access is restricted to natural persons. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
4)
Unbound except for A, D, L, NL, UK, S 4) where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations: A, D, NL, UK, S: University degree and professional qualifications and three years' experience in the sector. A: examination before the Austrian professional body. The employer must be member of the relevant professional body in the home country where such body exists. D: Unbound for activities reserved by law in the "Wirtschaftsprüfer".
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access b) Auditing services *11 (CPC 86211 and 86212 other than accounting services)
1)
Unbound
1)
Unbound
2)
None
2)
None
3)
B: Provision through a "SA" and "Société en commandite" is prohibited.
3)
DK: Foreign auditors may enter into partnerships with Danish State authorized accountants after obtaining permission from the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency.
D: Provision through a "GmbH & CoKG" and "EWIV" is prohibited. F: For statutory audits: provision through any company form except SNC, SCS and secondary offices. P: Provision through professional association only. IRL: Provision through partnership only. I: For access as "Ragionieri-Periti commerciali" and "Dottori commerciali", access is restricted to natural persons only. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
*11) Explanatory note: Given the fact that commercial presence is required to exercise any auditing activity, the cross-border mode is unbound. Only established statutory auditors can be approved by the national professional bodies. Approval is a necessary pre-condition to exercising the activity.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
DK: Citizenship condition, unless otherwise provided by the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency.
DK: Residence requirement. I, P: Residence requirement for individual auditors.
E, GR: Conditions of nationality for statutory auditors. E: Audit companies: Administrators, directors and partners of companies other than those covered by the 8th EEC directive on company law, must fulfil a nationality condition. I: Nationality requirement for "Ragionieri- Periti commerciali". Audit companies: administrators and auditors in "società di revisions" other than those covered by the 8th EEC directive on company law, must fulfil a nationality condition.
b) Bookkeeping services for 1) A only (CPC 86220)
F, GR, I: Unbound.
1)
F, GR, I: Unbound.
2)
None
2)
None
3)
F: Provision through a SEL 3) (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions) or SCP only.
None
I: Access for natural persons only. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except for A, D, L, NL, UK, S 4) where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
A, D, NL, UK, S: University degree and professional qualifications and three years' experience in the sector. A: examination before the Austrian professional body. The employer must be member of the relevant professional body in the home country where such body exists. D: Unbound for activities reserved by law in the "Wirtschaftsprüfer".
c) Taxation Advisory Services (CPC 86301):
1)
F: Unbound for the drafting of legal 1) documents.
F: Unbound for the drafting of legal documents.
2)
None
2)
None
3)
I: Access for natural persons only. 3) Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
None
F: Provision through SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions) or SCP only.
d) Architectural Services (CPC 8671)
1)
B, GR, I, P: Unbound.
1)
B, GR, I, P: Unbound. D: Application of the national rules on fees and emoluments for all services which are performed from abroad.
2)
None
2)
None
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 3)
E: Access is restricted to natural persons.
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
F: Provision through SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions) or SCP only. I, P: Access is restricted to natural persons. Professional associations. (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
4)
Unbound except for A, B, D, L, NL, UK, S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations: A, B, NL, UK, S: University degree and professional qualifications and three years' experience in the sector. A: Examination before the Austrian professional body. The employer must be member of the relevant professional body in the home country where such body exists. D: Unbound except for consulting services related to foreign tax law, where: university degree and professional, qualifications and three years' professional experience in the sector.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except for DK, E, L, NL, UK, 4) S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
DK, NL, UK, S: University degree and professional qualifications and three years' professional experience in the sector. E: Academic and professional qualifications recognized by the national authorities and licence delivered by the Professional Association. Unbound for CPC 86713, 86714, 86719.
e) Engineering services (CPC 8672)
1)
GR, I, P: Unbound.
1)
GR, I, P: Unbound.
2)
None
2)
None
3)
E: Access is restricted to natural persons.
3)
None
I, P: Access is restricted to natural persons. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
4)
Unbound except for B, DK, E, NL, UK, 4) S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations: B, DK, NL, UK, S: University degree and professional qualifications and three years' professional experience in the sector. UK: Compliance with an economic needs test is required. E: Academic and professional qualifications recognized by the national authorities and licence delivered by the Professional Association.
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access f) Integrated Engineering Services (CPC 8673)
1)
GR, I, P: Unbound.
1)
GR, I, P: Unbound.
2)
None
2)
None
3)
E: Access is restricted to natural persons.
3)
None
I, P: Access is restricted to natural persons. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
4)
Unbound except for B, DK, E, NL, UK, 4) S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
B, DK, NL, UK, S: University degree and professional qualifications and three years' professional experience in the sector. UK: Compliance with an economic needs test is required. E: Academic and professional qualifications recognized by the national authorities and licence delivered by the Professional Association.
g) Urban Planning and Landscape Architectural Services (CPC 8674)
1)
B, GR, I, P: Unbound.
1)
B, GR, I, P: Unbound. D: Application of the national rules on fees and emoluments for all services which are performed from abroad.
2)
None
2)
None
3)
I, P: Access is restricted to natural persons. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
3)
None
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except for DK, E, L, NL, UK, 4) S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
DK, NL, UK, S: University degree and professional qualifications and three years' professional experience in the sector. E: Academic and professional qualifications recognized by the national authorities and licence delivered by the Professional Association. Unbound for CPC 86713, 86714, 86719.
h) Medical, Dental and Midwives Services (CPC 9312, 93191*12 )
1)
Unbound
1)
Unbound
2)
None
2)
None
3)
D: Access restricted to natural 3) persons only. Economic needs test for medical doctors and dentists who are authorized to treat members of public insurance schemes. The criterion is shortage of doctors and dentists in the given region.
None
E: Access restricted to natural persons only. I, P: Access is restricted to natural persons only. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted. IRL: Access through partnership or natural persons only. UK: Establishment for doctors under the National Health Service is subject to medical manpower planning. F: Provision through SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions) or SCP only.
*12) Indicates that the service specified constitutes only a part of the total range of activities covered by the CPC concordance.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
DK: Limited authorization to fulfil a specific function can be given for maximum 18 months.
DK: Residence requirement in order to obtain necessary individual authorization from the National Board of Health.
GR, P: Condition of nationality.
I: Residence requirement.
F: Condition of nationality. However, access is possible within annually established quotas. D: Condition of nationality for doctors and dentists which can be waived on an exceptional basis in cases of public health interest. A zero quota for midwives.
i) Veterinary services (CPC 932)
1)
Unbound
1)
Unbound
2)
None
2)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
I: Access to the profession of 3) psychologist is restricted to natural persons only. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons is permitted.
None
01.C. Research and Development Services b) Research services (CPC 852)
P: Access to the profession of psychologist is restricted to natural persons only.
4) 01.D. Real Estate Services
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access a) Involving Own or Leased 1) Property (CPC 821) 3)
IRL: Unbound.
1)
IRL: Unbound.
D, DK, E, P: Access restricted to natural persons.
3)
None
I: Access restricted to natural persons. Professional associations (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted. IRL, UK: Access through partnership or natural persons only. F: Provision through SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions) or SCP only.
4)
j) Services provided by 1) Nurses, Physiotherapists and Paramedical Personnel (CPC 93191*13 )
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
D, F, GR, P: Condition of nationality.
I: Residence requirement.
Unbound
1)
Unbound
2)
None
2)
None
3)
E, P: Nurses - access restricted to natural persons.
3)
None
I : Nurses - access restricted to natural persons. Professional associations (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted. F: Provision through a SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée, ou en commandite par actions) or SCP only.
*13) Indicates that the service specified constitutes only a part of the total range of activities covered by the CPC concordance.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
DK: Limited authorization to fulfil a specific function can be given for maximum 18 months.
DK: Residence requirement in order to obtain necessary individual authorization from the National Board of Health.
GR, P: Condition of nationality. I: Subject to economic needs test: decision is subject to regional vacancies and shortages.
Supply of pharmaceutical 1) goods to the general public (pharmacists)
Unbound
1)
Unbound
*14) Where the establishment of pharmacies is subject to an economic needs test, the main criteria taken into account are: the population, the number of existing pharmacies and their geographical density. 2)
None
2)
None
3)
*14 D, DK, E, GR, L, NL, P: Access restricted to natural persons only.
3)
None
I: Access restricted to natural persons. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted. B, DK, E, F, GR, I, L, P: Monopoly for pharmacists of supply of pharmaceuticals to the general public. B, DK, IRL, P: Economic needs test. F: Pharmacies are authorized according to the needs of the population and within established quotas. Access through a SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions) SNC and SARL only. E, I: Establishment of new pharmacies is subject to an economic needs test. D: Establishment of new pharmacies is restricted and only possible through the take- over of an existing pharmacy-store.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the specific conditions:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section and subject to the specific conditions:
F: Condition of nationality. However, within established quotas, access for third country nationals is possible provided the service provider holds the French degree in pharmacy.
I, D, DK, P: Residence requirement.
D, DK, GR: Condition of nationality.
01.F. Other Business Services k) Other
1)
Unbound for exploration services.
1)
Related Scientific and Technical Consulting Services *15 (CPC 8675)
Unbound for exploration services. D: Application of the national rules on fees and emoluments for all surveying services which are performed from abroad.
2)
None
3)
F: "Surveying": Access through a SEL 3) (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions), SCP, SA and SARL only. I: For certain exploration services activities related to mining (minerals, oil, gas, etc.), exclusive rights may exist. E: Access to profession of surveyors and geologists through natural persons only. P: Access restricted to natural persons. I : Access to profession of surveyors and geologists through natural persons only. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
2)
None F: "Exploration and prospection services" subject to authorization.
*15) The service involved excludes operation of mines, etc.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
D: Conditions of nationality for publicly appointed surveyors.
I, P: Residence requirement.
F: "Surveying" - operations relating to the establishment of property rights and to land law are reserved for EC "experts-géomètres".
01.B. Computer and Related Services a) Consultancy Services 1) related to the Installation of Computer Hardware (CPC 841)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except for B, DK, GR, I L, NL, S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
B, DK, I, NL, S: Unbound, except for computer scientists, systems analysts, programmers, software document analysts and field engineers where: university degree and three years' professional experience in the sector. I: Compliance with an economic needs test is required. GR: Unbound, except for computer scientists, systems analysts, programmers, software document analysts where: university degree and five years' professional experience in the sector.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access b) Software Implementation 1) Services (CPC 842)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
c) Data Processing Services 1) (CPC 843)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
1)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
1)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
None
1)
None
Unbound except for B, DK, GR, I L, NL, S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
d) Data Base Services (CPC 844)
Maintenance and Repair (CPC 845)
e) Other Computer Services 1) (CPC 849) 4)
B, DK, I, NL, S: Unbound, except for computer scientists, systems analysts, programmers, software document analysts and field engineers where: university degree and three years' professional experience in the sector. I: Compliance with an economic needs test is required. GR: Unbound, except for computer scientists, systems analysts, programmers, software document analysts where: university degree and five years' professional experience in the sector.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except for B, DK, GR, I L, NL, S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
B, DK, I, NL, S: Unbound, except for computer scientists, systems analysts, programmers, software document analysts and field engineers where: university degree and three years' professional experience in the sector. I: Compliance with an economic needs test is required. GR: Unbound, except for computer scientists, systems analysts, programmers,software document analysts where: university degree and five years' professional experience in the sector.
4)
Unbound except for B, DK, GR, I L, NL, S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations: B, DK, I, NL, S: Unbound, except for computer scientists, systems analysts, programmers, software document analysts and field engineers where: university degree and three years' professional experience in the sector. I: Compliance with an economic needs test is required. GR: Unbound, except for computer scientists, systems analysts, programmers, software document analysts where: university degree and five years' professional experience in the sector.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access
b) On a Fee or Contract Basis (e.g. Property Evaluation, Estate Management, etc.) (CPC 822)
2)
None
2)
None
3)
E: Access through natural persons, partnership or "sociedad en comandita" only.
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
E, GR: Condition of nationality.
F, I, P: Residence requirement.
1)
IRL: Unbound.
1)
IRL: Unbound.
2)
None
2)
None
3)
E: Access is restricted to natural persons.
3)
DK: Authorization for authorized estate agent may limit the scope of activity.
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
DK: Authorized estate agent: Citizenship requirement unless waived by the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency. Unauthorized estate agent: Citizenship requirement unless waived by the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency.
DK: Authorized and unauthorized estate agent: Residence requirement unless waived by the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency. F, I, P: Residence requirement.
GR: Condition of nationality.
01.E. Rental/Leasing Services without Operators a) Relating to ships (CPC 83103)
1)
F: Chartering of all ships is subject to 1) prior notification.
D: Unbound.
D: Unbound. 2)
F: Chartering of all ships is subject to 2) prior notification.
D: Unbound.
D: Unbound. 3)
F: Chartering of all ships is subject to 3) prior notification.
None
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
None
1)
None
2)
All Member States: Aircraft used by 2) Community air carriers have to be registered in the Member State licensing the air carrier or elsewhere in the Community. Waivers can be granted for short term lease contracts or under exceptional circumstances.
None
3)
All Member States: To be registered 3) in the aircraft register of these Member States, the aircraft must be owned either by natural persons meeting specific nationality criteria or by juridical persons meeting specific regarding ownership of capital and control (including nationality of directors).
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
c) Relating to Other 1) Transport Equipment (CPC 83101, 83102, 83105)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
d) Relating to Other 1) Machinery and Equipment (CPC 83106, 83107, 83108, 83109)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
None
1)
None
b) Relating to Aircraft (CPC 83104)
01.F. Other Business Services a) Advertising (CPC 871)
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except for B, D, GR, I, L, UK, S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
B, D, I, UK, S: Relevant qualifications and three years' professional experience. I, UK: Compliance with an economic needs test is required. GR: Relevant qualifications and five years' professional experience.
b) Market Research and Opinion Polling (CPC 864)
1)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
c) Management Consulting 1) Services (CPC 865)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except for B, D, DK, I, L, UK, S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
B, D, DK, I, UK, S: Unbound except for managers and senior consultants where: university degree and three years' professional experience. I, UK: Compliance with an economic needs test is required.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access d) Services Related to Management Consulting (CPC 866)
1)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except for B, D, DK, I, L, UK, S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
B, D, DK , I, UK, S: Unbound except for managers and senior consultants where: university degree and three years' professional experience. I, UK: Compliance with an economic needs test is required.
e) Technical Testing and Analysis Services (CPC 8676)
1)
I: Unbound for the profession of biologist and chemical analyst.
1)
I: Unbound for the profession of biologist and chemical analyst.
2)
None
2)
None
3)
E: Access for chemical analysis through natural persons only.
3)
None
I: Access for the profession of biologist and chemical analyst through natural persons only. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons is permitted. P: Access for the profession of biologist and chemical analyst through natural persons only.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except for D, DK, L, UK, S 4) where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
D, DK, UK, S: University degree or technical qualifications demonstrating knowledge and three years' professional experience. UK: Compliance with an economic needs test is required.
f) Advisory and Consulting Services Relating to Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry
1)
I: Unbound for activities reserved to 1) agronomist and "periti agrari".
I: Unbound for activities reserved to agronomist and "periti agrari".
2)
None
2)
None
3)
E: Access for agronomist and engineers in forestry is restricted to natural persons.
3)
None
P: Access for agronomist is restricted to natural persons. I: Access for agronomist and "periti agrari" restricted to natural persons. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons is permitted.
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. and subject to the following specific limitations:
I: Condition of nationality for "periti agrari".
I, P: Residence requirement for agronomists.
g) Advisory and Consulting 1) Services Relating to Fishing
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
h) Advisory and Consulting 1) Services Relating to Mining
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
E, P: Access for mining engineers is 3) restricted to natural persons.
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
Unbound except as indicated in the horizonal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
4)
P: Residence requirement. k) Placement and Supply Services of Personnel Executive Search Services (CPC 87201)
1)
D, E, IRL, P: Unbound.
1)
D, E, IRL, P: Unbound.
2)
None
2)
None
3)
D, P: Unbound.
3)
D, P: Unbound.
E: State monopoly.
Placement Services (CPC 87202)
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
Unbound
1)
Unbound
2)
None
2)
None
3)
D: Subject to a mandate given to the 3) service supplier by the competent authority. The mandate will be granted in function of the situation and development of the labour market.
None
P: Unbound. B, F, E, I: State monopoly.
Supply Services of Office Support Personnel (CPC 87203)
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
D, F, I, IRL, NL, P: Unbound.
1)
D, F, I, IRL, NL, P: Unbound.
2)
None
2)
None
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 3)
D, P: Unbound.
3)
D, P: Unbound.
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
B, E, F, I, P: Unbound.
1)
B, E, F, I, P: Unbound.
I: State monopoly. 4) Security Services 1) (CPC 87302, 87303, 87304, 87305) 2)
None
2)
None
n) Maintenance and Repair 1) of Equipment (not including Maritime Vessels, Aircraft or Other Transport Equipment) (CPC 633, 8861, 8866)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
3)
E: Access through Sociedades 3) Anonimas, Sociedades de Responsabilidad Limitada, Sociedades Anonimas Laborales and Sociedades Cooperativas only. Access is subject to prior authorization. In granting the authorization, the Council of Ministers takes into account conditions such as competence, professional integrity and independence, adequacy of the protection provided for the security of the population and the public order. DK: Unbound for airport guard services. Requirement to be a national juridical person. Access is subject to prior authorization. In granting the authorization, the Ministry of Justice takes into account conditions such as competence, professional integrity and independence, experience and good reputation of the firm seeking establishment.
DK: Requirement of residence and nationality for majority of members of the board and for managers. Unbound for airport guard services.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizonal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
DK: Unbound for airport guard services. Nationality requirement for managers.
DK: Unbound for airport guard services. Residence requirement for managers. B: Residence requirement for management personnel.
F: Requirement of nationality for managing directors and directors.
I: Residence requirement in order to obtain necessary authorization for security guard services and the transport of valuables.
B: Condition of nationality for management personnel. E, P: Nationality requirement for specialized personnel. I: Nationality requirement in order to obtain necessary authorization for security guard services and the transport of valuables.
o) Building-Cleaning Services (CPC 874)
p) Photographic Services (CPC 875 excluding retail)
q) Packaging Services (CPC 876)
r) Printing and Publishing (CPC 88442)
1)
Unbound *17
1)
Unbound*
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
Unbound* except for aerial photography: none
1)
Unbound* except for aerial photography: none
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
Unbound*
1)
Unbound
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
None
1)
None
*17) A commitment on this mode of supply is not feasible.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access
s) Convention Services
t) Other
2)
None
2)
None
3)
I: Foreign participation in publishing 3) companies limited to 49 per cent of capital or of voting rights.
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
DK: Authorization for authorized public translators and interpreters may limit the scope of activity.
4)
Unbound except for GR, I, IRL, UK, S 4) where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
Translation Services (CPC 87905)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
GR: Relevant qualifications an five years' professional experience. I, IRL, UK, S: Relevant qualifications and three years' professional experience. I, UK: Compliance with an economic needs test is required.
Interior Design Services (CPC 87907) *18
1)
None
1)
D: Application of the national rules on fees and emoluments for all services which are performed from abroad.
2)
None
2)
None
*18) Indicates that the service specified constitutes only a part of the total range of activities covered by the CPC concordance.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
Research services (CPC 852)4)
Unbound except for F and L where concerning the temporary entry of researchers: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
01.C. Research and Development Services
F:- The researchers are in possession of an employment contract from a research body. - The work permit is delivered for a period not exceeding nine months renewable for the duration of the contract. - Compliance with an economic needs test is required. - The research body must pay a tax to the International Migration Office.
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access
European Community
01.A. Professional Services a) Legal advice on home country law and public international law
1)
F, P: Unbound for drafting of legal documents.
1)
F, P: Unbound for drafting of legal documents. DK: Marketing of legal advice activities is restricted to lawyers with a Danish licence to practise and law firms registered in Denmark.
2)
None
3)
D: Access subject to acceptance into 3) a Bar Association according to the "Federal Lawyers Act" which requires establishment which is restricted to sole proprietorship or partnership only.
2)
F: Provision through SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions) or SCP only.
4)
Unbound except for D and UK where: 4) as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations: D and UK: University degree and professional qualifications and three years' professional experience in the sector. D: Unbound for activities reserved to "Rechtsanwalt".
None DK: Marketing of legal advice activities is restricted to law firms registered in Denmark. Only lawyers with a Danish licence to practise and law firms registered in Denmark may own shares in a Danish law firm. Only lawyers with a Danish licence to practise may sit on the board or be part of the management of a Danish law firm.
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
F: Host country law and *10) Access to these professions is international law (including EC governed by the French law No. 90-1259 law) are opened to the of 31 December 1990 which opens the Members of the regulated legal entire range of legal and judicial activities. and judicial profession. *10 L: Host country law and international law (including EC law) subject to registration as "avocat" at the Luxembourg Bar.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access b) Accounting services (CPC 86212 other than "auditing services")
1)
F, GR, I: Unbound
1)
F, GR, I: Unbound
2)
None
2)
None
3)
D: Provision through a "GmbH & CoKG" and "EWIV" is prohibited.
3)
DK: Foreign accountants may enter into partnerships with Danish authorized accountants after obtaining permission from the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency.
F: Provision through a SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions) or SCP only. P: Provision through professional establishment only. I: Access is restricted to natural persons. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
4)
Unbound except for A, D, L, NL, UK, S 4) where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations: A, D, NL, UK, S: University degree and professional qualifications and three years' experience in the sector. A: examination before the Austrian professional body. The employer must be member of the relevant professional body in the home country where such body exists. D: Unbound for activities reserved by law in the "Wirtschaftsprüfer".
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access b) Auditing services *11 (CPC 86211 and 86212 other than accounting services)
1)
Unbound
1)
Unbound
2)
None
2)
None
3)
B: Provision through a "SA" and "Société en commandite" is prohibited.
3)
DK: Foreign auditors may enter into partnerships with Danish State authorized accountants after obtaining permission from the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency.
D: Provision through a "GmbH & CoKG" and "EWIV" is prohibited. F: For statutory audits: provision through any company form except SNC, SCS and secondary offices. P: Provision through professional association only. IRL: Provision through partnership only. I: For access as "Ragionieri-Periti commerciali" and "Dottori commerciali", access is restricted to natural persons only. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
*11) Explanatory note: Given the fact that commercial presence is required to exercise any auditing activity, the cross-border mode is unbound. Only established statutory auditors can be approved by the national professional bodies. Approval is a necessary pre-condition to exercising the activity.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
DK: Citizenship condition, unless otherwise provided by the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency.
DK: Residence requirement. I, P: Residence requirement for individual auditors.
E, GR: Conditions of nationality for statutory auditors. E: Audit companies: Administrators, directors and partners of companies other than those covered by the 8th EEC directive on company law, must fulfil a nationality condition. I: Nationality requirement for "Ragionieri- Periti commerciali". Audit companies: administrators and auditors in "società di revisions" other than those covered by the 8th EEC directive on company law, must fulfil a nationality condition.
b) Bookkeeping services for 1) A only (CPC 86220)
F, GR, I: Unbound.
1)
F, GR, I: Unbound.
2)
None
2)
None
3)
F: Provision through a SEL 3) (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions) or SCP only.
None
I: Access for natural persons only. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except for A, D, L, NL, UK, S 4) where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
A, D, NL, UK, S: University degree and professional qualifications and three years' experience in the sector. A: examination before the Austrian professional body. The employer must be member of the relevant professional body in the home country where such body exists. D: Unbound for activities reserved by law in the "Wirtschaftsprüfer".
c) Taxation Advisory Services (CPC 86301):
1)
F: Unbound for the drafting of legal 1) documents.
F: Unbound for the drafting of legal documents.
2)
None
2)
None
3)
I: Access for natural persons only. 3) Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
None
F: Provision through SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions) or SCP only.
d) Architectural Services (CPC 8671)
1)
B, GR, I, P: Unbound.
1)
B, GR, I, P: Unbound. D: Application of the national rules on fees and emoluments for all services which are performed from abroad.
2)
None
2)
None
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 3)
E: Access is restricted to natural persons.
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
F: Provision through SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions) or SCP only. I, P: Access is restricted to natural persons. Professional associations. (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
4)
Unbound except for A, B, D, L, NL, UK, S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations: A, B, NL, UK, S: University degree and professional qualifications and three years' experience in the sector. A: Examination before the Austrian professional body. The employer must be member of the relevant professional body in the home country where such body exists. D: Unbound except for consulting services related to foreign tax law, where: university degree and professional, qualifications and three years' professional experience in the sector.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except for DK, E, L, NL, UK, 4) S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
DK, NL, UK, S: University degree and professional qualifications and three years' professional experience in the sector. E: Academic and professional qualifications recognized by the national authorities and licence delivered by the Professional Association. Unbound for CPC 86713, 86714, 86719.
e) Engineering services (CPC 8672)
1)
GR, I, P: Unbound.
1)
GR, I, P: Unbound.
2)
None
2)
None
3)
E: Access is restricted to natural persons.
3)
None
I, P: Access is restricted to natural persons. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
4)
Unbound except for B, DK, E, NL, UK, 4) S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations: B, DK, NL, UK, S: University degree and professional qualifications and three years' professional experience in the sector. UK: Compliance with an economic needs test is required. E: Academic and professional qualifications recognized by the national authorities and licence delivered by the Professional Association.
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access f) Integrated Engineering Services (CPC 8673)
1)
GR, I, P: Unbound.
1)
GR, I, P: Unbound.
2)
None
2)
None
3)
E: Access is restricted to natural persons.
3)
None
I, P: Access is restricted to natural persons. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
4)
Unbound except for B, DK, E, NL, UK, 4) S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
B, DK, NL, UK, S: University degree and professional qualifications and three years' professional experience in the sector. UK: Compliance with an economic needs test is required. E: Academic and professional qualifications recognized by the national authorities and licence delivered by the Professional Association.
g) Urban Planning and Landscape Architectural Services (CPC 8674)
1)
B, GR, I, P: Unbound.
1)
B, GR, I, P: Unbound. D: Application of the national rules on fees and emoluments for all services which are performed from abroad.
2)
None
2)
None
3)
I, P: Access is restricted to natural persons. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
3)
None
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except for DK, E, L, NL, UK, 4) S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
DK, NL, UK, S: University degree and professional qualifications and three years' professional experience in the sector. E: Academic and professional qualifications recognized by the national authorities and licence delivered by the Professional Association. Unbound for CPC 86713, 86714, 86719.
h) Medical, Dental and Midwives Services (CPC 9312, 93191*12 )
1)
Unbound
1)
Unbound
2)
None
2)
None
3)
D: Access restricted to natural 3) persons only. Economic needs test for medical doctors and dentists who are authorized to treat members of public insurance schemes. The criterion is shortage of doctors and dentists in the given region.
None
E: Access restricted to natural persons only. I, P: Access is restricted to natural persons only. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted. IRL: Access through partnership or natural persons only. UK: Establishment for doctors under the National Health Service is subject to medical manpower planning. F: Provision through SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions) or SCP only.
*12) Indicates that the service specified constitutes only a part of the total range of activities covered by the CPC concordance.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
DK: Limited authorization to fulfil a specific function can be given for maximum 18 months.
DK: Residence requirement in order to obtain necessary individual authorization from the National Board of Health.
GR, P: Condition of nationality.
I: Residence requirement.
F: Condition of nationality. However, access is possible within annually established quotas. D: Condition of nationality for doctors and dentists which can be waived on an exceptional basis in cases of public health interest. A zero quota for midwives.
i) Veterinary services (CPC 932)
1)
Unbound
1)
Unbound
2)
None
2)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
I: Access to the profession of 3) psychologist is restricted to natural persons only. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons is permitted.
None
01.C. Research and Development Services b) Research services (CPC 852)
P: Access to the profession of psychologist is restricted to natural persons only.
4) 01.D. Real Estate Services
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access a) Involving Own or Leased 1) Property (CPC 821) 3)
IRL: Unbound.
1)
IRL: Unbound.
D, DK, E, P: Access restricted to natural persons.
3)
None
I: Access restricted to natural persons. Professional associations (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted. IRL, UK: Access through partnership or natural persons only. F: Provision through SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions) or SCP only.
4)
j) Services provided by 1) Nurses, Physiotherapists and Paramedical Personnel (CPC 93191*13 )
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
D, F, GR, P: Condition of nationality.
I: Residence requirement.
Unbound
1)
Unbound
2)
None
2)
None
3)
E, P: Nurses - access restricted to natural persons.
3)
None
I : Nurses - access restricted to natural persons. Professional associations (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted. F: Provision through a SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée, ou en commandite par actions) or SCP only.
*13) Indicates that the service specified constitutes only a part of the total range of activities covered by the CPC concordance.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
DK: Limited authorization to fulfil a specific function can be given for maximum 18 months.
DK: Residence requirement in order to obtain necessary individual authorization from the National Board of Health.
GR, P: Condition of nationality. I: Subject to economic needs test: decision is subject to regional vacancies and shortages.
Supply of pharmaceutical 1) goods to the general public (pharmacists)
Unbound
1)
Unbound
*14) Where the establishment of pharmacies is subject to an economic needs test, the main criteria taken into account are: the population, the number of existing pharmacies and their geographical density. 2)
None
2)
None
3)
*14 D, DK, E, GR, L, NL, P: Access restricted to natural persons only.
3)
None
I: Access restricted to natural persons. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted. B, DK, E, F, GR, I, L, P: Monopoly for pharmacists of supply of pharmaceuticals to the general public. B, DK, IRL, P: Economic needs test. F: Pharmacies are authorized according to the needs of the population and within established quotas. Access through a SEL (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions) SNC and SARL only. E, I: Establishment of new pharmacies is subject to an economic needs test. D: Establishment of new pharmacies is restricted and only possible through the take- over of an existing pharmacy-store.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the specific conditions:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section and subject to the specific conditions:
F: Condition of nationality. However, within established quotas, access for third country nationals is possible provided the service provider holds the French degree in pharmacy.
I, D, DK, P: Residence requirement.
D, DK, GR: Condition of nationality.
01.F. Other Business Services k) Other
1)
Unbound for exploration services.
1)
Related Scientific and Technical Consulting Services *15 (CPC 8675)
Unbound for exploration services. D: Application of the national rules on fees and emoluments for all surveying services which are performed from abroad.
2)
None
3)
F: "Surveying": Access through a SEL 3) (anonyme, à responsabilité limitée ou en commandite par actions), SCP, SA and SARL only. I: For certain exploration services activities related to mining (minerals, oil, gas, etc.), exclusive rights may exist. E: Access to profession of surveyors and geologists through natural persons only. P: Access restricted to natural persons. I : Access to profession of surveyors and geologists through natural persons only. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons permitted.
2)
None F: "Exploration and prospection services" subject to authorization.
*15) The service involved excludes operation of mines, etc.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
D: Conditions of nationality for publicly appointed surveyors.
I, P: Residence requirement.
F: "Surveying" - operations relating to the establishment of property rights and to land law are reserved for EC "experts-géomètres".
01.B. Computer and Related Services a) Consultancy Services 1) related to the Installation of Computer Hardware (CPC 841)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except for B, DK, GR, I L, NL, S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
B, DK, I, NL, S: Unbound, except for computer scientists, systems analysts, programmers, software document analysts and field engineers where: university degree and three years' professional experience in the sector. I: Compliance with an economic needs test is required. GR: Unbound, except for computer scientists, systems analysts, programmers, software document analysts where: university degree and five years' professional experience in the sector.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access b) Software Implementation 1) Services (CPC 842)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
c) Data Processing Services 1) (CPC 843)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
1)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
1)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
None
1)
None
Unbound except for B, DK, GR, I L, NL, S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
d) Data Base Services (CPC 844)
Maintenance and Repair (CPC 845)
e) Other Computer Services 1) (CPC 849) 4)
B, DK, I, NL, S: Unbound, except for computer scientists, systems analysts, programmers, software document analysts and field engineers where: university degree and three years' professional experience in the sector. I: Compliance with an economic needs test is required. GR: Unbound, except for computer scientists, systems analysts, programmers, software document analysts where: university degree and five years' professional experience in the sector.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except for B, DK, GR, I L, NL, S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
B, DK, I, NL, S: Unbound, except for computer scientists, systems analysts, programmers, software document analysts and field engineers where: university degree and three years' professional experience in the sector. I: Compliance with an economic needs test is required. GR: Unbound, except for computer scientists, systems analysts, programmers,software document analysts where: university degree and five years' professional experience in the sector.
4)
Unbound except for B, DK, GR, I L, NL, S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations: B, DK, I, NL, S: Unbound, except for computer scientists, systems analysts, programmers, software document analysts and field engineers where: university degree and three years' professional experience in the sector. I: Compliance with an economic needs test is required. GR: Unbound, except for computer scientists, systems analysts, programmers, software document analysts where: university degree and five years' professional experience in the sector.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access
b) On a Fee or Contract Basis (e.g. Property Evaluation, Estate Management, etc.) (CPC 822)
2)
None
2)
None
3)
E: Access through natural persons, partnership or "sociedad en comandita" only.
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
E, GR: Condition of nationality.
F, I, P: Residence requirement.
1)
IRL: Unbound.
1)
IRL: Unbound.
2)
None
2)
None
3)
E: Access is restricted to natural persons.
3)
DK: Authorization for authorized estate agent may limit the scope of activity.
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
DK: Authorized estate agent: Citizenship requirement unless waived by the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency. Unauthorized estate agent: Citizenship requirement unless waived by the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency.
DK: Authorized and unauthorized estate agent: Residence requirement unless waived by the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency. F, I, P: Residence requirement.
GR: Condition of nationality.
01.E. Rental/Leasing Services without Operators a) Relating to ships (CPC 83103)
1)
F: Chartering of all ships is subject to 1) prior notification.
D: Unbound.
D: Unbound. 2)
F: Chartering of all ships is subject to 2) prior notification.
D: Unbound.
D: Unbound. 3)
F: Chartering of all ships is subject to 3) prior notification.
None
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
None
1)
None
2)
All Member States: Aircraft used by 2) Community air carriers have to be registered in the Member State licensing the air carrier or elsewhere in the Community. Waivers can be granted for short term lease contracts or under exceptional circumstances.
None
3)
All Member States: To be registered 3) in the aircraft register of these Member States, the aircraft must be owned either by natural persons meeting specific nationality criteria or by juridical persons meeting specific regarding ownership of capital and control (including nationality of directors).
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
c) Relating to Other 1) Transport Equipment (CPC 83101, 83102, 83105)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
d) Relating to Other 1) Machinery and Equipment (CPC 83106, 83107, 83108, 83109)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
None
1)
None
b) Relating to Aircraft (CPC 83104)
01.F. Other Business Services a) Advertising (CPC 871)
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except for B, D, GR, I, L, UK, S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
B, D, I, UK, S: Relevant qualifications and three years' professional experience. I, UK: Compliance with an economic needs test is required. GR: Relevant qualifications and five years' professional experience.
b) Market Research and Opinion Polling (CPC 864)
1)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
c) Management Consulting 1) Services (CPC 865)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except for B, D, DK, I, L, UK, S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
B, D, DK, I, UK, S: Unbound except for managers and senior consultants where: university degree and three years' professional experience. I, UK: Compliance with an economic needs test is required.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access d) Services Related to Management Consulting (CPC 866)
1)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except for B, D, DK, I, L, UK, S where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
B, D, DK , I, UK, S: Unbound except for managers and senior consultants where: university degree and three years' professional experience. I, UK: Compliance with an economic needs test is required.
e) Technical Testing and Analysis Services (CPC 8676)
1)
I: Unbound for the profession of biologist and chemical analyst.
1)
I: Unbound for the profession of biologist and chemical analyst.
2)
None
2)
None
3)
E: Access for chemical analysis through natural persons only.
3)
None
I: Access for the profession of biologist and chemical analyst through natural persons only. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons is permitted. P: Access for the profession of biologist and chemical analyst through natural persons only.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except for D, DK, L, UK, S 4) where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
D, DK, UK, S: University degree or technical qualifications demonstrating knowledge and three years' professional experience. UK: Compliance with an economic needs test is required.
f) Advisory and Consulting Services Relating to Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry
1)
I: Unbound for activities reserved to 1) agronomist and "periti agrari".
I: Unbound for activities reserved to agronomist and "periti agrari".
2)
None
2)
None
3)
E: Access for agronomist and engineers in forestry is restricted to natural persons.
3)
None
P: Access for agronomist is restricted to natural persons. I: Access for agronomist and "periti agrari" restricted to natural persons. Professional association (no incorporation) among natural persons is permitted.
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. and subject to the following specific limitations:
I: Condition of nationality for "periti agrari".
I, P: Residence requirement for agronomists.
g) Advisory and Consulting 1) Services Relating to Fishing
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
h) Advisory and Consulting 1) Services Relating to Mining
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
E, P: Access for mining engineers is 3) restricted to natural persons.
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
Unbound except as indicated in the horizonal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
4)
P: Residence requirement. k) Placement and Supply Services of Personnel Executive Search Services (CPC 87201)
1)
D, E, IRL, P: Unbound.
1)
D, E, IRL, P: Unbound.
2)
None
2)
None
3)
D, P: Unbound.
3)
D, P: Unbound.
E: State monopoly.
Placement Services (CPC 87202)
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
Unbound
1)
Unbound
2)
None
2)
None
3)
D: Subject to a mandate given to the 3) service supplier by the competent authority. The mandate will be granted in function of the situation and development of the labour market.
None
P: Unbound. B, F, E, I: State monopoly.
Supply Services of Office Support Personnel (CPC 87203)
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
D, F, I, IRL, NL, P: Unbound.
1)
D, F, I, IRL, NL, P: Unbound.
2)
None
2)
None
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 3)
D, P: Unbound.
3)
D, P: Unbound.
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
B, E, F, I, P: Unbound.
1)
B, E, F, I, P: Unbound.
I: State monopoly. 4) Security Services 1) (CPC 87302, 87303, 87304, 87305) 2)
None
2)
None
n) Maintenance and Repair 1) of Equipment (not including Maritime Vessels, Aircraft or Other Transport Equipment) (CPC 633, 8861, 8866)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
3)
E: Access through Sociedades 3) Anonimas, Sociedades de Responsabilidad Limitada, Sociedades Anonimas Laborales and Sociedades Cooperativas only. Access is subject to prior authorization. In granting the authorization, the Council of Ministers takes into account conditions such as competence, professional integrity and independence, adequacy of the protection provided for the security of the population and the public order. DK: Unbound for airport guard services. Requirement to be a national juridical person. Access is subject to prior authorization. In granting the authorization, the Ministry of Justice takes into account conditions such as competence, professional integrity and independence, experience and good reputation of the firm seeking establishment.
DK: Requirement of residence and nationality for majority of members of the board and for managers. Unbound for airport guard services.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 4)
Unbound except as indicated in the 4) horizontal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
Unbound except as indicated in the horizonal section and subject to the following specific limitations:
DK: Unbound for airport guard services. Nationality requirement for managers.
DK: Unbound for airport guard services. Residence requirement for managers. B: Residence requirement for management personnel.
F: Requirement of nationality for managing directors and directors.
I: Residence requirement in order to obtain necessary authorization for security guard services and the transport of valuables.
B: Condition of nationality for management personnel. E, P: Nationality requirement for specialized personnel. I: Nationality requirement in order to obtain necessary authorization for security guard services and the transport of valuables.
o) Building-Cleaning Services (CPC 874)
p) Photographic Services (CPC 875 excluding retail)
q) Packaging Services (CPC 876)
r) Printing and Publishing (CPC 88442)
1)
Unbound *17
1)
Unbound*
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
Unbound* except for aerial photography: none
1)
Unbound* except for aerial photography: none
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
Unbound*
1)
Unbound
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
None
1)
None
*17) A commitment on this mode of supply is not feasible.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access
s) Convention Services
t) Other
2)
None
2)
None
3)
I: Foreign participation in publishing 3) companies limited to 49 per cent of capital or of voting rights.
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
1)
None
1)
None
2)
None
2)
None
3)
None
3)
DK: Authorization for authorized public translators and interpreters may limit the scope of activity.
4)
Unbound except for GR, I, IRL, UK, S 4) where: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
Translation Services (CPC 87905)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.
GR: Relevant qualifications an five years' professional experience. I, IRL, UK, S: Relevant qualifications and three years' professional experience. I, UK: Compliance with an economic needs test is required.
Interior Design Services (CPC 87907) *18
1)
None
1)
D: Application of the national rules on fees and emoluments for all services which are performed from abroad.
2)
None
2)
None
*18) Indicates that the service specified constitutes only a part of the total range of activities covered by the CPC concordance.
WTO Services Database Output 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence of natural persons Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments Notes
SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply : Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access 3)
None
3)
None
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
Research services (CPC 852)4)
Unbound except for F and L where concerning the temporary entry of researchers: as indicated in the horizontal section under (iii) and subject to the following specific limitations:
4)
Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section
01.C. Research and Development Services
F:- The researchers are in possession of an employment contract from a research body. - The work permit is delivered for a period not exceeding nine months renewable for the duration of the contract. - Compliance with an economic needs test is required. - The research body must pay a tax to the International Migration Office.
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