Ethanol-101

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Ethanol 101 for the Gasoline Retailer SIGMA Annual Meeting November 11, 2006 Chicago, IL Jim Redding Aventine Renewable Energy, Inc

4500 4000 3400 2810

1770

3000

4000

4500

5000

2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001

1999

2000

1470 1998

1630

1400 1997 1996 1995

1100 1400

1993

950

1990

1991

Year

1994

2000

1350 1200

900

1989

1992

870

1988

1100

845

1987

1984

1986

430

1983

710

375

1981

1982 215

1980

350

1985

1000

610

830

1500

2130

Margin Enhancement 2500

1300

0

175 500

Oxygenate 3500

Millions of gallons

Historical Ethanol Demand

MTBE Replacement

Federal Energy Bill 

Renewable Fuel Standard       

4.0 4.7 5.4 6.1 6.8 7.4 7.5

Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Ethanol Demand by PADD 6,000

5,100 5,000

Ethanol Production PADD II 4.5MM

4,000

MM Gallons

4,000

3,000 2,500 2,100

2,000 2,000

1,350

1,000

800 500 200

150

0 PADD I (East Coast)

PADD II (M idw est)

PADD III (Gulf Coast)

Current Ethanol Dem and

PADD IV (Rocky M ountain)

Projected Ethanol Dem and 10%

PADD V (West Coast)

Markets & Distribution System Will Change

Aventine’s Current Distribution System









Pekin Facility Aurora Facility Alliance Partners Terminals

Over 1,435 rail cars under long-term lease 1 ocean-going & 13 inland river barges on time-charter 14 production sites and 51 terminals Extensive blending system with 35 million gallons of capacity



Access to West, East, and Gulf Coast



25 years of development

Effects of the RFS on Ethanol 



Creates market demand for ethanol  101 operating plants – capacity 4.8 billion  37 under construction – capacity 2.2 billion  7 expansions – capacity .3 billion  20 states will have plants Logistics becomes crucial  Markets will be further from the Midwest  Overall freight costs will increase  Rail car utilization will be key

Effects of the RFS on Ethanol 

  

MTBE will disappear  Which opens up new markets  East Coast  Gulf Coast Ethanol Imports will increase in 2006 Plants will be built outside the corn belt Final rules for RFS implementation are critical

Ethanol 101 for the Gasoline Retailer

Retail Unit Consideration Investigative/Preparatory  Conversion  Program Maintenance 

Ethanol 101 for the Gasoline Retailer Investigative/Preparatory  Verification of materials compatibility.  Tank, Tank Liners, Submersible pumps  Investigation for history of water problems & corrective action.  Check for tight seals on fill caps & proper water run off from covers.  Install rain caps on tank vent lines.  Removal of water bottoms.  Check tank for excessive tilt & remove any pocketed water from low tank end.  Clean tank bottom if tank age & product history necessitate.

Ethanol 101 for the Gasoline Retailer Investigative/Preparatory  Equip each pump or dispenser with a 10 micron filter.  Issue alcohol compatible water finding paste.  Sargel, Kolor Kut  Procure proper pump labels for ethanol blends, if required.  New octane decals if necessary.  Obtain and understand the proper accounting guidelines to be used at the time of conversion.

Ethanol 101 for the Gasoline Retailer Conversion Options  Remove all product from the tank and replace with gasoline/ethanol blend.  Order enough extra ethanol in the initial delivery to accomplish upgrading of existing inventory.  Lower inventory to extremely low levels and merely begin delivery of gasoline/ethanol blends.

Ethanol 101 for the Gasoline Retailer

Conversion  Before initial delivery retest tank bottoms for water.  When the initial load arrives, follow normal delivery procedures.  It is recommended that pumps be shut down during initial delivery.  After the initial delivery is dropped run a few gallons of product through each dispenser to ensure it is clear and blight.

Ethanol 101 for the Gasoline Retailer Conversion  Conversion loads should fill tank to 80% capacity.  If a second load is required this should be done shortly after the initial delivery.  During the first forty-eight hours after delivery, tanks should be tested for water bottoms and/or phase separation once every eight hours.  If equipped with an automatic inventory measurement system and water detection device, you should still utilize a tank gauge stick and water finder paste as an added precaution.

Solid Contaminant Standards

Clean

1

Slight Particulate Matter

2

Particulate Matter

3

Dirty

4

Moisture Content Standards

Bright

A

Hazy

B

Cloudy

C

Wet

D

Ethanol 101 for the Gasoline Retailer Conversion  Unless there is a problem with the integrity of the tanks or lines, you should not experience any water build up after the conversion.  Since ethanol loosens varnish like deposits in the tank, you may need to change pump filters once or twice shortly after your initial conversion.  It is recommended that pumps/dispensers be recalibrated approximately two weeks after the conversion.

Ethanol 101 for the Gasoline Retailer Ongoing Maintenance 

Once through the initial two week conversion period, you should notice no difference in your day to day operations, except for the need to check for water on a daily basis.

Lessons Learned  



  

Have a Tactical Implementation Plan Volumetric measurement of ethanol should be performed using API Table 6B Require inspection and removal of any water bottoms from third party terminal tanks Inspect as many Retail outlet USTs as possible Train retail operators on proper housekeeping Plug overfill drains at retail outlets

Typical Properties of Ethanol Oxygen wt. % Octane (R+M)/2 Research Octane Motor Octane Density (lb../gal. @ 60 F)

35.0 112.5 129.0 96.0 6.58

Ethanol’s Estimated Octane Blending Values Base Gasoline Octane Upgrading Potential by Blending Ethanol 4.50

Potential Octane increase

4.00

4.00

3.56

3.50 3.00

3.17

3.08

2.83

2.74

2.50

2.54

2.44 2.28

2.30

2.18

2.11

2.03

2.00

1.96 1.81

1.96 1.77

1.62

1.50

1.62 1.45 1.31

1.20

1.00

1.51 1.12

1.86

1.82

1.82

1.44

1.40

1.40

1.06

1.04

1.04

0.50 0.00 83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

Base Gasoline (R+M)/2 10%

7.70%

5.70%

91

92

93

Takeaways 





Proper conversion of existing tanks to ethanol blends, will make it a “NonEvent”. Monitor tank bottoms daily with water/ethanol finding paste. Be proactive on maintenance to keep the system water free.

Conversion of Existing Facilities to E-85      

Steel tanks ok Fiberglass tanks must be UL rated for 100% ethanol Clean the tank Dispenser must be retrofitted 1-2 micron dispenser filters Alcohol compatible hose and nozzle

Note: Anything compatible with methanol is ok for E-85

Metal Compatibility with E-85 Compatible

Non Compatible

Unplated Steel Stainless Steel Black Iron Bronze Nickel Plate

Zinc Brass Lead (& lead alloys) Aluminum Terne Plate Copper

Non-Metals – Compatibility with E-85 Compatible Teflon Nitrile Viton Polypropylene Buna-N Neoprene Rubber Thermo Plastic Pipe Thermoset Reinforced Fiberglass

Non – Compatible Natural Rubber Cork Leather Polyurethane PVG Some Plastics/ Thermo Set Plastics

Codes & Standards  

NFPA Codes 30 and 30A Federal Spill Prevention Control & Counter Measure 

   

(40CFR Part 112)

Any State Spill Regulations State and Local Fire Codes Product Delivery Laws Hazardous Material regulations

Potential Funding Sources 

EPACT 2005 Tax Credits



State Grants/Credits



National Ethanol Vehicle Coalition



Clean Cities Coalitions

Safety & Firefighting     

MSDS Emergency action plan Advise local fire department For large fires – AFFT/ACT fog or foam For small fires – CO2 halon, dry chemical (B,C,BC or ABC)

Additional Info Sources 

AFDC (DOE) E85 Tool Kit



http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc



NEVC



http://www.e85fuel.com



ASTM



http://www.astm.org



RFA



http://www.ethanolRFA.org

Aventine Renewable Energy, Inc

Jim Redding Phone (309) 347-9310 Fax (309) 346-0742 E-mail [email protected] Web Page www.aventinerei.com