Establishing Islam

  • November 2019
  • PDF

This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA


Overview

Download & View Establishing Islam as PDF for free.

More details

  • Words: 20,277
  • Pages: 35
CL ¡j− a à£e Ad É¡ f L ® N ¡ m ¡ j B k j

fÊ¡b¢jL Lb¡ 1978 p¡−m fÐbj fÐL¡¢na Hhw 1981 p¡−ml aªa£u pwúl−Z "h¡wm¡−c−n Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me' e¡−j (k¡l haÑj¡e e¡j Cpm¡j£ ILÉ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me) Bj¡l ®mM¡ f¤¢Ù¹L¡¢V−a ¢Q¿¹¡-fÐh¡−ql ®k ¢p¢lS fÐL¡¢na qu a¡lC ¢àa£u ¢p¢lS ¢q−p−h "CL¡j¡−a à£e' ¢mM¢Rz fÐbj ¢p¢l−S ®cM¡e q−u−R ®k, Bõ¡q f¡−Ll ®j−ql h¡e£−a h¡wm¡−c−n Cpm¡−jl ®Mcja ¢h¢iæi¡−h k−bù q−µRzj¡â¡p¡, jp¢Sc,M¡eL¡q,Ju¡k,a¡hm£N,Cpm¡j£ p¡¢qaÉ CaÉ¡¢cl j¡dÉ−j à£e-Cpm¡−jl −k ¢hl¡V ®Mcja q−µR a¡l pw¢rç hÉ¡MÉ¡ L−l fÐj¡Z Ll¡ q−u−R ®k fÐ−aÉL fÐL¡l ®McjaC AaÉ¿¹ …l¦aÅf§ZÑ; pL−ml −Mcja ¢j−mC Cpm¡−jl jkÑc¡ hª¢Ü Ll−R Hhw ®Mcja…−m¡−L flØfl f¢lf§lL j−e Ll¡ fÐ−aÉL j¤M¢mp M¡−c−j à£−el LaÑhÉz k¡l¡ ¢e−S−cl ࣢e ®Mcja−LC öd¤ j§mÉh¡e j−e L−l Hhw AeÉ−cl ®Mcj−al Lcl L−l e¡, a¡−cl à¡l¡ EÇj¡−al j−dÉ ¢h−ic J ¢h−àu pª¢ø qh¡l BnwL¡ l−u−Rzph¡lC HC d¡lZ¡ Ll¡ E¢Qa ®k, Bjl¡ ph¡C ¢h¢iæ BL¡−l J fÜ¢a−a HLC jq¡e à£−el ®Mcja Ll¢Rz H Lb¡J CMm¡−pl p¡−b ph¡lC j−e l¡M¡ E¢Qa ®k,Ef−l¡š² ph L'¢V ®McjaC ¢eS ¢eS ®r−œ j§mÉh¡e J Sl¦l£z k¢c ph¡C ph¡l ®Mcja−L j§mÉh¡e h−m ü£L¡l L−l a¡q−m ®c−nl Cpm¡j£ n¢š²…−m¡l j−dÉ ILÉ J jqîa pª¢ø q−h Hhw à£−el jkÑ¡c¡ BlJ h¡s−hz ®g¡lL¡¢eu¡ j¡â¡p¡J jš²h…−m¡ à¡l¡ ®k ®Mcja q−µR a¡ hs hs j¡â¡p¡ à¡l¡ pñh euz Bm£u¡ J L¡Jj£ j¡â¡p¡u ®k Em¡j¡ °al£ q−µR a¡ a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al à¡l¡ qJu¡ Apñhz Bh¡l a¡hm£N à¡l¡ AN¢ea Sep¡d¡lZ à£−el ®kV¤¤L¤ B−m¡ f¡−µR a¡ j¡â¡p¡l j¡lg−al f¡Ju¡ Ah¡Ù¹hz ¢n¢ra pj¡S Cpm¡j£ p¡¢qaÉ à¡l¡ Cpm¡−jl ‘¡e ASÑe Ll−Rz ¢L¿º Ju¡−uk−cl à¡l¡ A¢n¢ra ®m¡−Ll¡J Cpm¡−jl ‘¡e J Skh¡ q¡¢pm Ll−Rz j¡â¡p¡, Ju¡k, a¡hm£N B−R h−mC jp¢Sc…−m¡ Bh¡c B−Rz H ph ¢cL ®Mu¡m Ll−m ph lLj ®Mcja−LC j§mÉh¡e j−e q−hz Cpm¡j£ ILÉ Cp¡m¡j£ A¡−¾c¡me' hC−a fÐd¡ea ®Mcj−a à£e pÇf−LÑC B−m¡Qe¡ Ll¡ q−u−R Hhw à£−el M¡−cj−cl I−LÉl EflC ¢h−no ®S¡l ®cu¡ q−u−Rz Cpm¡j£ I−LÉl l©f ¢L q−a f¡−l ®p ¢ho−u HL¢V h¡Ù¹h fÐÙ¹¡hJ ®fn Ll¡ q−u−Rz ¢L¿º CL¡j¡−a à£e pÇf−LÑ I f¤¢Ù¹L¡u ¢hÙ¹¡¢la B−m¡Qe¡ Ll¡ qu¢ez CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡¢uaÅ pÇf−LÑ öd¤ ¢LR¤V¡ Cw¢Na ®pM¡−e ®cu¡ q−u−Rz CL¡j¡−a à£e pÇf−LÑ ¢hÙ¹¡¢la A¡−m¡Qe¡l fÐ−u¡S−eC Bl HL¢V hC ®mM¡ clL¡l q−u f−s−Rz a¡C H hC¢V I hC-HlÚC f¢lf§lL Hhw I hC¢V k¡l¡ f−s−Re a¡q¡−cl ¢eLV H hC¢Vl B−hce ®hn£ Øfø q−h h−m Bj¡l Bn¡z "CL¡j¡−a à£e' f¤ÙL ¹ ¢V−a Hje HL¢V ¢ho−u B−m¡Qe¡ Ll¡ q−u−R k¡l QQÑ¡ à£−el M¡−cjN−el j−dÉJ M¤h Ljz a¡C ¢hou¢V−L pqSi¡−h ®fn Ll¡l fÐ−u¡S−e ¢h¢iæ ࣢e ®Mcj−al Ec¡qle ¢c−u fÐj¡Z Ll¡l ®Qø¡ L−l¢R ®k, ®Mcj−a à£e J CL¡j¡−a à£−e f¡bÑLÉ l−u−Rz B¢j p¡dÉj−a¡ ®Qø¡ L−l¢R k¡−a Bj¡l ®L¡e Lb¡u Bõ¡l à£−el M¡−cjN−el Apñøqh¡l L¡lZ e¡ O−Vz k¢c Hje ®L¡e Lb¡ ah¤ l−u ¢N−u b¡−L a¡q−m Bj¡−L S¡e¡−m flha£Ñ pwúl−Z pw−n¡de Ll−h¡ Cen¡Bõ¡qz

"à£e' n−ël hÉ¡MÉ¡ CL¡j¡−a à£e pÇf−LÑ B−m¡Qe¡ Ll−a q−m fÐb−j L¤lBe f¡−Ll B−m¡−L "à£e' n−ël p¢WL hÉ¡MÉ¡ fÊ−u¡Sez à£e në¢Vl HL¡¢dL AbÑ l−u−Rz L¤lBe jS£−c ¢h¢iæ A−bÑC H në¢V hÉhq¡l Ll¡ q−u−Rz L¤lBe jS£−c ¢h¢iæ A−bÑC H në¢V hÉhq¡l Ll¡ q−u−Rz ®L¡e n−ël HL¡¢dL AbÑ b¡L−m ph AbÑ fÐ−aÉL ÙÛ¡−eC NËqe−k¡NÉ eu Hhw HLC AbÑ phM¡−eJ NËqe Ll¡ Q−m e¡z ®L¡e ÙÛ¡−e ¢L A−bÑ në¢V hÉhq¡l Ll¡ q−u−R a¡ f§ZÑ h¡LÉ ®b−LC h¤T¡ k¡uz−k h¡−LÉ në¢V hÉhq¡l Ll¡ q−u−R a¡ ®b−L ¢h¢Ræ L−l I n−ël AbÑ p¢WLi¡−h h¤T¡h¡l Ef¡u ®eCz à£e n−ël L−uL¢V AbÑ L¤lBe f¡−L p¤Øføz HL x fТac¡e, fÊ¢agm,hcm¡ CaÉ¡¢cz c¤C x Be¤NaÉ h¡ ýL¤j ®j−e Qm¡z ¢ae x Be¤NaÉ Ll¡l ¢hd¡e h¡ Be¤N−aÉl ¢eujz Q¡l x BCe h¡ l¡øÌ hÉhÙÛ¡ ®k BCe Q−m, pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡J h¤T¡uz L¤lBe f¡−Ll L−uL¢V Bu¡a ®b−L à£e n−ël Hph ¢h¢iæ AbÑ AaÉ¿¹ f¢lú¡li¡−h h¤T¡ k¡uz

HL x fÐbj AbÑ fТac¡e h¡ hcm¡ x - "" fТac¡e ¢ch−pl j¡¢mL'' (g¡−aq¡) - ""e¡,a¡ eu, hlw ®a¡jl¡ fТac¡e−L ¢jbÉ¡ j−e Llz'' (Ce¢ga¡l) H S¡a£u Bu¡−a à£e AbÑ fТac¡e, fТagm, hcm¡ CaÉ¡¢cz B−Ml¡−a j¡e¤−ol L¡−Sl ®k hcm¡ ®cu¡ q−h a¡-C HM¡−e h¤T¡−µRzÚÚ c¤C x ¢àa£u AbÑ Be¤NaÉ x - "Hl¡ ¢L Bõ¡l Be¤NaÉ R¡s¡ AeÉ ¢LR¤ Q¡u? AbQ Bpj¡e J kj£−e k¡ ¢LR¤ B−R ph¡C a¡ylC ¢eLV BaÁpjfÑZ Ll−Rz" (B−m-Cjl¡e x 83) HM¡−eÚÚ "à£e' në¢V A¡aÈ pjfÑZ h¡ Be¤NaÉ A−bC hÉhq¡l Ll¡ q−u−Rzn−ël HLV¡ AbÑ h¡ Be¤NaÉ Llmz H−b−L j¡−e h¡ Be¤NaÉz - 'Bõ¡l fТa Be¤NaÉ−L ¢elwL¤n (M¡p) L−l a¡l c¡paÅ Llz AbÑ¡v Hjei¡−h Bõ¡l c¡paÅ Ll ®k, ¢a¢eC ®a¡j¡l HLj¡œ j¢he J Be¤NaÉ f¡Ju¡l A¢dL¡l£z' (k¤j¡l x 2) - 'a¡−cl p¡−b k¤Ü Ll−a b¡L, ®k fkÑ¿¹ ¢gae¡ ®no e¡ qu Hhw Be¤NaÉ öd¤ Bõ¡lC h¡L£ b¡−Lz (h¡L¡l¡ x 193) HM¡−e ¢gae¡ AbÑ Bõ¡l Be¤N−aÉl f−b h¡d¡ pª¢øL¡l£ Cpm¡j ¢h−l¡d£ n¢š²z ¢Sq¡−cl ¢e−cÑn ¢c−u HM¡−e hm¡ q−u−R ®k, ¢h−l¡d£ n¢š²−L Hjei¡−h cje Ll k¡−a Bõ¡l Be¤NaÉ Ll−a ®LE h¡d¡ ¢c−a e¡ f¡−lz' H ¢ae¢V Bu¡a ej¤e¡ ül©f ®cu¡ q−m¡z L¤lBe J S¡a£u Bu¡a hý B−Rz ¢ae dl−el ¢ae¢V Bu¡a ®b−L h¤T¡ k¡u ®k, Be¤NaÉ-C q−m¡ à£e n−ël fÐd¡e AbÑz ¢ae x aªa£u AbÑ Be¤N−aÉl ¢hd¡e h¡ fÜ¢a x - '¢eÕQu Bõ¡l ¢eLV HLj¡œ Cpm¡jC Be¤N−aÉl ¢hd¡e (S£he ¢hd¡e)z (B−m-Cjl¡e x 19)z - ®k Cpm¡j R¡s¡ AeÉ fÐL¡l Be¤N−aÉl ¢hd¡e Q¡u a¡l ®b−L ®pV¡ NËqe Ll¡ q−h e¡z AbÑ¡v Bõ¡l Be¤N−aÉl ¢hd¡e Bõ¡l ¢eLV HLj¡œ Cpm¡jCz (B−m-Cjl¡e x 85) - ®a¡j¡−cl SeÉ Be¤N−aÉl ¢hd¡e d¡kÑ Ll¡ q−u−R k¡ e¤q (Bx)- ®LJ ¢e−cÑn Ll¡ q−u¢Rm Hhw k¡ ®a¡j¡l ¢eLV Aq£ L−l¢R Hhw k¡ Chl¡q£j (Bx),j¤p¡ (Bx) J Dp¡ (Bx)-®L ¢e−cÑn ®cu¡ q−u¢Rm ®k,®a¡jl¡ à£e−L L¡−uj Ll Hhw H ¢ho−u ja ¢h−l¡d L−l¡ e¡z Ab¡Ñv Bõ¡q f¡L ph eh£−LC a¡l Be¤N−aÉl ¢hd¡e−L L¡−uj Ll¡l ¢e−cÑn ¢c−u−Rez (Bnöl¡ x 13) - ¢a¢e −p, ¢k¢e a¡yl l¡p§m−L ®qc¡−ua J Be¤N−aÉl HLj¡œ paÉ ¢hd¡e pq f¡¢W−u−Re ®ke (l¡p§m) a¡−L (¢hd¡e) Bl ph lL−jl Be¤N−aÉl ¢hd¡−el Efl ¢hSu£ L−lez (Bp-pg x 9) - BS ®a¡j¡−cl Be¤N−aÉl ¢hd¡e (S£he ¢hd¡e) f§ZÑ L−l ¢cm¡jz AbÑ¡v S£h−e HLj¡œ Bõ¡l Be¤N−aÉl ¢hd¡e k¡−a f¡me Ll¡ k¡u Hhw ®L¡e ®r−œC AeÉ ¢hd¡e −b−L ¢LR¤ ¢e−a e¡ qu ®pSeÉ ®a¡j¡−cl S£he-¢hd¡e f§ZÑ L−l ¢cm¡jz Q¡l x Qa¤bÑ AbÑ BCe, l¡øÊ J pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡ x - ¢gl¡Ee hmm, Bj¡−L R¡s, B¢j j§p¡−L qaÉ¡ Llhz −p a¡l lh−L ®X−L −cM¤Lz B¢j BnwL¡ L¢l ®k, −p ®a¡j¡−cl BCe J l¡øÌ-hÉhÙÛ¡ hc¢m−u ®c−h Abh¡ (A¿¹af−r) ®c−n ¢hnªwMm¡ pª¢ø Ll−hz (j¤'¢je x 26) - h¡cn¡l BC−e AeÉ L¡E−L dl¡ k¡u e¡z AbÑ¡v ®k Q¤¢l L−l−R a¡−LC dl−a q−hz ®c−nl BC−e ®c¡o£l hc−m AeÉ L¡E−L dl¡ k¡u e¡z (CEp¤g x 76) - k¢c ®a¡jl¡ j¤¢je qJ a¡q−m (¢ke¡l n¡¢Ù¹ ®ch¡l pju) Bõ¡l BC−el hÉ¡f¡−l ®a¡j¡−cl j−e a¡−cl fТa ®ke cu¡ e¡ S¡−Nz (Be-e§l x 2)

H Lu¢V Bu¡−a à£e n−ël ®k Lu fÐL¡l AbÑ f¡Ju¡ k¡u a¡−a ®j±¢mL i¡−h Be¤N−aÉl EflC …l¦aÅ ®hn£ h−m j−e quz HL¢V Bu¡−a à£e në¢V−L ¢LÊu¡h¡QL A−bÑ hÉhq¡l L−l Be¤N−aÉl AbÑ−L BlJ Øfø L−l ¢c−u−Rx - ®a¡jl¡ a¡−cl p¡−b k¤Ü Ll k¡l¡ Bõ¡q J B−Ml¡−al ¢c−el fТa Dj¡e B−e e¡ Hhw Bõ¡q k¡ q¡l¡j L−l−Re a¡−L q¡l¡j NZÉ L−l e¡ Hhw Bõ¡l à£−el Be¤NaÉ L−l e¡z (a¡Jh¡ x 29) à£e n−ël hÉ¡MÉ¡ fÐpw−N L¤lBe f¡−Ll H L'¢V Bu¡a ®b−L f¢lú¡l q−u−R ®k, Bõ¡q f¡L c¤¢eu¡l S£h−e j¡e¤o−L p¢WL S£he k¡f−el SeÉ ®k ¢hd¡e J fÜ¢a eh£l j¡dÉ−j f¡¢W−u−Re a¡l j§m Lb¡C q−m¡ Bõ¡q Be¤NaÉz

à£−el hÉ¡fLa¡ Bõ¡l Be¤N−aÉl ®k ¢hd¡e ¢qp¡−h à£e Cpm¡j−L f¡W¡e q−u−R a¡ j¡eh S£h−el pLm ¢cL J ¢hi¡−Nl SeÉC °al£ Ll¡ q−u−Rz hÉ¢š²,f¢lh¡l,l¡øÌ, pj¡S J B¿¹S¡Ñ¢aL ph ¢ho−u k¡−a j¡e¤o HLj¡œ Bõ¡l p¢WL Be¤NaÉ Ll−a f¡−l ®p E−Ÿ−nÉC Bõ¡q f¡L üuw Cpm¡j£ S£he ¢hd¡e lQe¡ L−l−Rez ph −cn,ph L¡m J ph S¡¢al Ef−k¡N£ S£he ¢hd¡e lQe¡l rja¡ Bõ¡q R¡s¡ Bl L¡−l¡ q−aC f¡−l e¡z Bõ¡l l¢Qa H S£he ¢hd¡e−L h¡Ù¹h S£h−e ¢Li¡−h f¡me Ll¡ k¡u Hl p¢aÉL¡l ej¤e¡ j¡eh S¡¢al ¢eLV ®fn Ll¡l SeÉC l¡p¤m (px) ®L c¡¢uaÅ ®cu¡ q−u−Rz L¤lBe f¡−L Bõ¡q f¡L üuw H ®O¡oZ¡ ¢c−u−Re ®k, - ®a¡j¡−cl j−dÉ k¡l¡ Bõ¡l (pñ¢ø) J −no ¢c−el (j¤¢š²l) BL¡wM¡ L−l a¡ ®cl SeÉ l¡p§m (px)-Hl j−dÉ p¤¾claj BcnÑ l−u−Rz(Bm-Aqk¡h x 21) Ab¡Ñv j¡e¤o ¢q−p−h c¤¢eu¡l ph −Q−u EvLªø S£h−el ej¤e¡ l¡p§m (px) -Hl S£h−eC f¡Ju¡ k¡uz ® k L¡−mj¡−u a¡C−uh¡ Lh¤m Ll¡l j¡dÉ−j Cpm¡−j c¡¢Mm q−a qu ®p L¡−mj¡l jjÑ HLb¡lC c¡h£ L−l ®k, Bõ¡l Be¤NaÉ phÑhÉ¡f£z ""Bõ¡q R¡s¡ Cm¡q ®eC Hhw j¤q¡Çj¡c (px) Bõ¡l l¡p§mz'' H në…−m¡ Hje ®L¡e j¿» eu ®k,a¡ EµQ¡lZ Ll−mCBõ¡l ¢eLV j¤p¢mj h−m NZÉ q−u k¡−hz L¡−mj¡l AbÑ h¤−T L¡−mj¡l j−jÑl fТa ¢hnÄ¡p e¡ Ll−m Dj¡−el c¡h£ f§lZ q−a f¡−l e¡z L¡−mj¡l a¡C−uh¡ à¡l¡ fÐLa ª f−r j¡eh S£h−el j§me£¢aC ®O¡oe¡ Ll¡ quz ®k hÉ¢š² H L¡−mj¡ Lh¤m L−l ®p Bp−m c¤'®V¡ Hje e£¢a-Lb¡ ®j−e ®eu k¡ a¡l p¡l¡ S£he Bõ¡l ®cu¡ ¢hd¡e Ae¤k¡u£ Qm¡l SeÉ kl¦l£z ""m¡-Cm¡q¡ Cõ¡õ¡q'' à¡l¡ ®O¡oZ¡ Ll¡ qu ®k, Bõ¡q R¡s¡ Bl L¡−l¡ ýL¤j j¡e−h¡ e¡-AbÑ¡v Bõ¡l ýL¤−jl ¢hl¦−Ü L¡−l¡ Lb¡C j¡e−h¡ e¡z HV¡C fum¡ e£¢a h¡ f¢m¢pz q¡c£−p H Lb¡¢V−L Øfø L−l hm¡ q−u−Rx ""pËø¡−L Aj¡eÉ L−l pª¢ø SN−a L¡−l¡ Be¤NaÉ Qm−h e¡z AbÑ¡v Bõ¡l Be¤N−aÉl ¢hfl£a Bl L¡−l¡ ýL¤j j¡eh e¡-H Lb¡C fum¡ e£¢az L¡−mj¡ a¡C−uh¡l ¢àa£u Aw−n ""j¤q¡Çj¡c¤l l¡p§mõ¡q (px)'' Lb¡¢V−a ¢àa£u e£¢a ®O¡oZ¡ Ll¡ q−u−Rz Hl jjÑ Lb¡ q−m¡,""Bõ¡l Be¤N−aÉ h¡Ù¹h ®k ej¤e¡ l¡p§m ®c¢M−u ®N−Re HLj¡œ ®p ¢eu−jC (al£L¡) Bõ¡l ýL¤j j¡e−h¡z l¡p§mõ¡q R¡s¡ Bl L¡−l¡ L¡R ®b−L Bõ¡l Be¤NaÉ J c¡p−aÅl ¢euj NËqe Llh e¡z'' Hi¡−h Bõ¡l ýL¤j J l¡p¤m (px) Hl al£L¡ Ae¤k¡u£ S£h−e Qm¡l ¢pÜ¡¿¹C L¡−mj¡l j¡dÉ−j fÐL¡n f¡uz H ¢pÜ¡¿¹ S£h−el ph hÉ¡f¡−l f¡me Ll¡C L¡−mj¡l c¡h£z Lb¡u J L¡−S, ¢Q¿¹¡l J h¡Ù¹−h ph pju Hhw ph AhÙÛ¡u H e£¢a j¡eh¡l CµR¡C H L¡−mj¡l j¡dÉ−j ®O¡oZ¡ Ll¡ quz Hi¡−h L¡−mj¡−L h¤−T k¡l¡ Lh¤m L−l a¡l¡C fÐLa ª A−bÑ j¤p¢mjz e¡g−pl c¤hÑma¡l cl¦e h¡ nua¡−el ®d¡yL¡l g−m j¤p¢mj q−uJ Bõ¡l ýL¤j J l¡p§−ml al£L¡ Aj¡eÉ Ll−a f¡−lz ¢L¿º ph pju J ph ¢ho−u Bõ¡q J l¡p§−ml Be¤NaÉ Ll¡C ®k j¤p¢m−jl LaÑhÉ Hhw L¡−mj¡l c¡h£ ®p Lb¡ plm j−e ü£L¡l Ll−aC q−h-k¢c ®LE ®k Cpm¡j Lh¤m L−l a¡l à¡l¡ Bõ¡l ýL¤j J l¡p§m (px)-Hl al£L¡l ¢h−l¡d£ ®L¡e L¡S q−u ®N−m ®p AhnÉC a¡Jh¡ Ll−h, j¡g f¡Ju¡l Bn¡ Ll−h Hhw Bl H AeÉ¡u e¡ Ll¡l pwLÒf NËqe Ll−hz

l¡p§m¤õ¡q (px)(px)-Hl S£heC à£e Cpm¡−jl h¡Ù¹h ej¤e¡x à£e Cpm¡j LaV¡ hÉ¡fL a¡ ®no eh£ (px)-Hl h¡Ù¹h S£he ®b−LC f¢lú¡l h¤T¡ k¡uz ¢a¢e Bõ¡l l¡p§m ¢qp¡−hC ph L¡S Ll−aez jp¢S−c Cj¡j¢a Ll¡l pju ¢a¢e ®kje l¡p§m ¢R−me, jc£e¡l l¡øÌ f¢lQ¡me¡l k¡ha£u L¡S Ll¡l pju J ¢a¢e l¡p§−mC ¢R−mez k¤−Ül juc¡−eJ ¢a¢e l¡p§m ¢R−mez AbÑ¡v ¢a¢e ka L¡S L−l−Re J ka Lb¡ h−m−Re a¡ l¡p§m ¢qp¡−hC L−l−Re J h−m−Rez dj£u ¢ho−u ®kje ¢a¢e l¡p§m ¢qp¡−h c¡¢uaÅ f¡me L−l−Re, ®aj¢e hÉhp¡ h¡¢ZSÉ, l¡Se£¢a,AbÑe£¢a, k¤Üe£¢a CaÉ¡¢c ¢ho−uJ l¡p§m ¢qp¡−hC ph ¢LR¤ L−l−Rez a¡C l¡p¤m¤õ¡q (px)-Hl ®N¡V¡ S£heV¡C Cpm¡j£ S£he Hhw Bõ¡l à£e h¡ Bõ¡l Be¤N−aÉl j−dÉ n¡¢jmz AbÑ¡v l¡p§−ml S£he kaV¡ hÉ¡fL à£e Cpm¡jJ aaV¡ hÉ¡fLz l¡p§m−L ph AhÙÛ¡u f§ZÑl©−f ®j−e Qm¡C j¤p¢mj S£h−el LaÑhÉz öd¤ dj£u ¢ho−u l¡p§m−L ®j−e Qm−mC Cpm¡j£ S£he N−s E−W e¡z j¤p¢mj qh¡l c¡h£c¡l q−uJ k¡l¡ öd¤ dj£u ¢ho−u l¡p§m−L BcnÑ ®ea¡ ®j−e Q−m ¢L¿¹ l¡Se£¢a,AbÑe£¢a,hÉhp¡-h¡¢ZSÉ CaÉ¡¢c hÉ¡f¡−l l¡p§−ml ¢hfl£a e£¢a J Q¢l−œl ®m¡L−cl−L ®ea¡ j¡−e,a¡l¡ L¡−mj¡l ¢hfl£a L¡SC L−lz öd¤ a¡C eu H S¡a£u ®m¡−Ll¡ Bõ¡q−L S£h−el ph−r−œ j¢eh j¡e−aC l¡k£ eu Hhw l¡p§m (px)-®L ph ¢ho−u ®ea¡ j¡e−aJ °al£ euz LaL ®m¡L""Cpm¡j−L l¡S¯e¢aL juc¡−e ®V−e Be¡l'' ¢hl¦−Ü Lb¡ h−mz a¡l¡ Cpm¡j−L AeÉ¡eÉ d−jÑl j−a LaL BQ¡l Ae¤ù¡e phÑü djÑC j−e L−lz a¡l¡ Bõ¡q J l¡p§m (px)-Hl Efl ""144d¡l¡'' S¡l£ Ll−a Q¡u k¡−a jp¢S−cl h¡C−l Bõ¡q J l¡p§m−L j¡e−a e¡ quz fÐLa ª f−r a¡l¡ Cpm¡j−LC j¡e−a l¡k£ eu,k¢cJ a¡−cl j−dÉ ®LE ®LE ¢LR¤ djÑ-LjÑJ L−l b¡−Lz qu−a¡ Cpm¡−jl hÉ¡fLa¡ pÇf−LÑ a¡y−cl d¡lZ¡ ®eCz H S¡a£u ®m¡L−cl ""djÑ ¢el−fr'' hm¡ quz M¤hC BÕQ−kÑl ¢hou ®k, f¡L¡ à£ec¡l ¢qp¡−h pj¡−S f¢l¢Qa HL ®nÐe£l ®m¡LJ djÑ¢el−frh¡c£−cl j−a¡ Lb¡ h−mz a¡l¡ e¡j¡k,®l¡k¡,q‹,k¡L¡a,a¡ph£q,®am¡Ju¡−al j¡dÉ−j Cpm¡−jl Be¤NaÉ L−l−Rez ¢L¿º BCe-Bc¡ma,hÉhp¡h¡¢ZSÉ,¢nÒf-L¡lM¡e¡,®cnn¡pe CaÉ¡¢c hÉ¡f¡−lJ Bõ¡l L¤lBe J l¡p§m (px)-Hl p¤æ¡a−L j¡e¡l ®Qø¡ Ll¡ fÐ−u¡Se h−m a¡l¡ j−eC L−le e¡z L¡lZ a¡l¡J à£−el hÉ¡fLa¡ pÇf−LÑ pS¡N eez ®p ¢qp¡−h a¡−cl−LJ djÑ ¢el−fr hm¡ Q−mz L¡lZ a¡l¡J Cpm¡j−L dj£Ñu Nä£l j−dÉ p£j¡hÜ l¡M¡l frf¡¢az H ph d¡¢jÑL ®m¡L Cpm¡j−L l¡Se£¢a h¢Sa djÑ j−e L−lz a¡y−cl ¢eLV l¡p§m (px)-f¢lf§ZÑ BcnÑ j¡eh q−m a¡yl¡ ¢LR¤−aC Hje i¤m Ll−a f¡l−ae e¡z l¡S¯e¢aL juc¡−e L¡−l¡ f−r ¢el−fr b¡L¡ pñh qu e¡z ¢ehÑ¡Q−e ®a¡ ®L¡e fr−L pjbÑe Ll−aC qu HR¡s¡J ¢h¢iæ S¡a£u Cp§É−a ®L¡e e¡ ®L¡e ja¡ja NËqe Ll¡ R¡s¡ Ef¡u b¡−L e¡z k¡l¡ d¡¢jÑL q−uJ l¡S¯e¢aL juc¡−e Cpm¡j f−r L¡S L−le e¡ a¡−cl f−r ¢eh¡ÑQ−e Hhw S¡a£u Cp§É−a Ad¡¢jÑL l¡S¯e¢aL c−ml Mè−l f−s k¡Ju¡ Apñh euz H à¡l¡ fÐj¡¢Za qu ®k,HLcm "" djÑ ¢el−fr l¡Se£¢a−a'' ¢hnÄ¡p£ Bl AeÉcm ""l¡Se£¢a ¢el−fr d−jÑ'' ¢hnÄ¡p£z l¡p§m (px)-Hl Be£a à£e-Cpm¡−jl cª¢ø−a Eiu cmC i¤m f−b B−Rez

""CL¡j¡−a à£−el'' jjÑ në¢Vl Blh£−a L−uL¢V fТanë B−Rx - Ef−l EW¡e, M¡s¡ Ll¡, a¤−m dl¡z - °al£ Ll¡, A¢ÙÛ−aÅ Be¡, ÙÛ¡¢fa Ll¡z - fТa¢ùa Ll¡, fТaù¡e L¡−uj Ll¡z - ÙÛ¡fe Ll¡-®kje My¤¢Vz CL¡j¡a n−ël pqS ®h¡dÉ AbÑ q−m¡ L ¡−uj Ll¡, Q¡m¤ Ll¡, M¡s¡ Ll¡, A¢Ù¹−aÅ Be¡, fТa¢ùa Ll¡ CaÉ¡¢cz L¤lBe f¡−L Lb¡¢V hýh¡l hÉhq¡l Ll¡ q−u−Rz Hl AbÑ ""e¡j¡k L¡−uj Llz'' (CL¡j¡a¤pÚ p¡m¡a) j¡−e e¡j¡k Q¡m¤ Ll¡z glk e¡j¡−kl f§−hÑ j¤u¡¢‹e CL¡j¡a ®cu h¡ a¡Lh£l h−mz Hl ®no ¢c−L hm¡ qu e¡j¡k M¡s¡ q−u ®N−R h¡ e¡j¡k öl¦ q−u−Rz

e¡j¡−kl j¡pu¡m¡ ®nM¡, e¡j¡k S¡e¡ h¡ e¡j¡−kl Ju¡kÚ Ll¡−L CL¡j¡−a p¡m¡a h−m e¡z h¡Ù¹−h e¡j¡k Q¡m¤ q−u k¡Ju¡−LC CL¡j¡−a p¡m¡a h−mz ®L¡e hÉ¢š²l S£h−e e¡j¡k L¡−uj qJu¡l AbÑ q−m¡ ®k,−p ¢eu¢aj,pju ja, S¡j¡u¡−a p¢WL ¢eu−j e¡j¡k Bc¡u L−lz ®L¡e jqõ¡u e¡j¡k L¡−uj qJu¡l AbÑ jqõ¡u jp¢Sc L¡−uj qJu¡, f¡yQ Ju¡š² ®pM¡−e S¡j¡u¡a Q¡m¤ qJu¡ Hhw jqõ¡l A¢dL¡wn ®m¡−Ll S¡j¡u¡−a nl£L qJu¡z h¡wm¡−cn L¡−uj qJu¡ AbÑ q−m¡ h¡Ù¹−h ü¡d£e l¡øÌ ¢qp¡−h h¡wm¡−cn e¡−j HL¢V l¡øÌ ÙÛ¡¢fa qJu¡z HLV¡ L¡lM¡e¡ L¡−uj qJu¡ AbÑ L¡lM¡e¡ Q¡m¤ qJu¡z ¢WL −aj¢e ®c−n à£e Cpm¡j L¡−uj qJu¡ AbÑ q−m¡ plL¡l J SeN−el k¡ha£u L¡S-LjÑ L¤lBe q¡c£p Ae¤k¡u£ Qm¡z ""CL¡j¡−a à£e'' Hje HL¢V f¢li¡o¡ k¡l AbÑ h¡wm¡u ¢h¢iæi¡−h fÐL¡n Ll¡ k¡uz ""Bõ¡l à£e L¡−uj Ll¡'' h¡ ""à£e Cpm¡j L¡−uj Ll¡'' hm−m Hl pqS alSj¡ q−a f¡−lz Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ,Cpm¡j£ ýL¤j¡a,Cpm¡j£ pj¡S,®ek¡−j Cpm¡j CaÉ¡¢cl ®k ®L¡e HLV¡ Lb¡l p¡−b ""L¡−uj Ll¡'' Lb¡¢V ®k¡N Ll−m ""CL¡j¡−a à£e'' f¢li¡o¡¢VlC AbÑ h¤T¡uz CL¡j¡−a à£−el jjÑ p¢WL i¡−h h¤Th¡l SeÉ h¡Ù¹h Ec¡qle clL¡lz Bj¡−cl ¢fÐu S¾ji§¢j h¡wm¡−c−nl Ec¡qle ¢c−mC ¢houV¡ pqS q−hz ph¡C H Lb¡ ü£L¡l Ll−a h¡dÉ ®k,h¡wm¡−c−n L¤lB−el BCe J l¡p§−ml BcnÑ L¡−uj ®eCz H−cn¢V Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ euz plL¡lJ Cpm¡j£ euz ®c−nl hÉhp¡ J h¡¢ZSÉ,hÉ¡wL J h£j¡, Bc¡ma J ®g±Sc¡l£, ¢nr¡ J pwúª¢a, l¡Se£¢a J AbÑe£¢a, ®cn£u J ¯h−c¢nL e£¢a CaÉ¡¢cl ®L¡eV¡C Cpm¡j£ ¢hd¡e à¡l¡ f¢lQ¡¢ma euz ¢L¿º H phC ®a¡ Q−mRz ü¡i¡¢hLi¡−hC fÐnÀ E−W ®k,®L¡e BcnÑ,e£¢a h¡ ¢hd¡e Ae¤k¡u£ ®c−nl l¡øÌ,plL¡l J AeÉ¡eÉ ph ¢LR¤ Qm−R? L¤lB−el f¢li¡o¡u Cpm¡j£ ¢hd¡e−L hm¡ q−u−Rz Ab¡Ñv Bõ¡l Be¤NaÉ Ll¡C ""HLj¡œ paÉ'' fbzpj¡−S HLSe AeÉS−el Be¤NaÉ e¡ Ll−m ®L¡e pj¡SC Qm−a f¡−l e¡z Cpm¡−jl c¡h£ q−m¡ ®k, ""®S−e l¡M,Bõ¡l-C pª¢ø L−l−Re Hhw ýL¤j Ll¡l A¢dL¡lJ a¡ylCz'' (Bl¡g x 54) AbÑ¡v ph¡l LaÑhÉ HLj¡œ Bõ¡lC Be¤NaÉ Ll¡z j¡eh pj¡−S n¡¢¿¹ J p¤nªwMm¡ HLj¡œ j¢e−hl f§ZÑ Be¤N−aÉl EflC ¢eiÑl L−lz Bõ¡q R¡s¡ Bl ®LE pÇf§eÑ ¢exü¡bÑ q−a f¡−l e¡z Bl ®LE ¢ei§ÑmJ euz pL−ml jwN−m paÉ J p¢WL ¢hd¡e öd¤ ¢a¢eC ¢c−a f¡−lez a¡C a¡l l¢Qa ¢hd¡e à£e Cpm¡jC HLj¡œ paÉz à£−e q−Ll ¢hfl£a k¡ ¢LR¤ phC ApaÉ , i¤m J r¢aLlz Bõ¡l Be¤N−aÉl ¢hl¦−Ü Bl ka fÐL¡l Be¤NaÉ l−u−R a¡ phC ""à£−e h¡¢am'' h¡ ¢jbÉ¡ Be¤NaÉz q−Ll ¢hfl£a f¢li¡o¡C q−m¡ h¡¢amz Ef−l¡š² hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ae¤k¡u£ h¡wm¡−c−n ®k pj¡S J l¡øÌ-hÉhÙÛ¡ Q¡m¤ l−u−R a¡ à£−e h¡¢amz à£−e qL ®kM¡−e L¡−uj ®eC ®pM¡−e ®kV¡C Q¡m¤ B−R ®pV¡ AhnÉC h¡¢amz ®p ¢qp¡−h f¤¢y Sh¡c£ pj¡S-hÉhÙÛ¡, djÑ¢el−fr l¡øÌ J plL¡l, pj¡Sa¡¢¿»L J L¢jE¢eø hÉhÙÛ¡ CaÉ¡¢c phC ""à£−e h¡¢am''z Bõ¡q h−me, - ®a¡jl¡ f§ZlÑ ©−f Cpm¡j NËqe Ll, Hhw nua¡−el fc¡wL Ae¤plZ L−l¡ e¡z (h¡L¡l¡ x 208) Bõ¡q hm−a Q¡e ®k, Cpm¡j NËq−e Bj¡l ®L¡e m¡i ®eCz ®a¡j¡−cl fR¾c j−a¡ Cpm¡−jl HL¡wn NËqe L−l AeÉ Awn aÉ¡N Ll−m Cpm¡j NËqe Ll¡ q−m¡ e¡z Bj¡l Be¤NaÉ Ll−a q−m ph ®r−œC Bj¡−L j¢eh ¢q−p−h ®j−e e¡Jz ®kM¡−eC ®a¡jl¡ Cpm¡j−L h¡c ¢c−h ®pM¡−eC ®a¡jl¡ nua¡−el Ae¤p¡l£ q−hz H SeÉC ®L¡e hÉ¢š² k¢c dj£u ®r−œ Cpm¡j−L j¡−e ¢L¿º l¡S¯e¢aL juc¡−e djÑ¢el−fr qu Hhw AbÑe£¢a ®r−œ pj¡Sa¿»£ h¡ f¤¢Sh¡c£ qu a¡q−m ®p Cpm¡j−L f§ZÑl©−f NËqe L−l¢e h−mC h¤T¡ k¡−hz h¡wm¡−c−nl n¡pea−¿» ¢hp¢jõ¡q J Bõ¡l fТa BÙÛ¡l Lb¡ ®mM¡ b¡L¡ p−šÆJ h¡wm¡−cn Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ euz L¡lZ ""à£−e qL'' H ®c−n Q¡m¤ ®eCz ®kV¡ Q¡m¤ B−R ®pV¡ p¡d¡le k¤¢š²−aC à£−e h¡¢am, H h¡¢am hÉhÙÛ¡ Cw−lS Bjm ®b−LC l−u−R,à£−e h¡¢amC HM¡−e c¤'n hRl ®b−L ¢hSu£ q−u B−Rz

h¡wm¡−c−n à£−e q−Ll AhÙÛ¡ x −kM¡−e à£−e h¡¢am L¡−uj h¡ ¢hSu£ B−R ®pM¡−e à£−e q−Ll AhÙÛ¡ ¢Ll©f qJu¡ ü¡i¡¢hL? à£−e qL ®pM¡−e à£−e h¡¢a−mlC Ad£−e l−u−Rz Ab¡Ñv à£−e qL h¡wm¡−c−n aaV¤L¤C ®h−Qy B−R kaV¤L¤ à£−e h¡¢am Ae¤j¢a ¢c−u−Rz à£−e q−Ll aaM¡¢e AwnC Q¡m¤ B−R kaV¤L−¤ a à£−e h¡¢a−ml Bf¢š ®eCz Ab¡Ñv Cpm¡j H ®c−n I f¢lj¡−eC ¢V−L B−R ®kV¤L−¤ a h¡¢am h¡d¡ ®cu e¡z h¡¢am pj¡S J l¡øÌ hÉhÙÛ¡ f¢lf§eÑ Cpm¡j−L LMeJ pqÉ Ll−a l¡k£ q−a f¡−l e¡z h¡¢am pj¡−Sl LaÑ¡l¡ Cpm¡−jl aaV¤L¤ Awn−LC pqÉ L−l kaV¤L−¤ a à£−e h¡¢a−ml ®L¡e r¢a e¡ quz h¡wm¡−c−n Cpm¡−jl ®kph ®Mcja q−µR a¡−a h¡¢am k¢c nw¢La q−a¡ a¡q−m H ph−L pqÉ Ll−a¡ e¡z jp¢Sc,j¡â¡p¡, M¡eL¡q, Ju¡k J a¡hm£N à¡l¡ h¡¢am pj¡ShÉhÙÛ¡ EvM¡a qh¡l ®L¡e iu ®eC h−mC H ph Cpm¡j£ L¡S−L h¡d¡ ®cu¡ q−µR e¡z AbÑ¡v h¡¢a−ml fr ®b−L Bf¢š ®eC h−mC H…−m¡ ¢V−L B−Rz h¡¢a−ml p¡−b H p−hl ®L¡e V‚l h¡ pwOoÑ ®eCz h¡wm¡−c−n à£e Cpm¡−jl ¢L cn¡ a¡ p¡j¡eÉ B−m¡Qe¡ à¡l¡C Øfø q−hz Cpm¡j f§Z¡Ñw‰ HLj¡œ S£he ¢hd¡ez Cpm¡j−L k¢c ¢hl¡V HL¢V c¡m¡−el pw−N a¤me¡ Ll¡ qu a¡q−m L¡−mj¡, e¡j¡k, ®l¡k¡, q‹Æ J k¡L¡a−a ®p ¢hl¡V ¢h¢ôw-Hl ¢i¢š j¡œz l¡p§m¤õ¡q (px) H Lb¡C h−m−Rex Ab¡Ñv L¡−mj¡, e¡j¡k CaÉ¡¢c f¡yQ¢V ¢S¢ep à¡l¡ Cpm¡j£ S£he ¢hdA−el ¢i¢š l¢Qa q−u j¡œz H ¢i¢šV¤L¤C öd¤ Cpm¡j euz Cpm¡−jl jq¡l ®p±−dl p¢WL d¡lZ BS B−mj pj¡S−l j−dÉJ pL−ml ®eCz h¡wm¡−c−n Cpm¡−jl ®N¡V¡ ¢h¢ôw-Hl ®a¡ ®L¡e A¢Ù¹aÅC ®eCz öd¤ ¢i¢šV¤L¤l AhÙÛ¡C B−m¡Qe¡ L−l ®cM¡ k¡L ®k h¡wm¡−c−n à£−e q−Ll AhÙÛ¡ La Ll¦Zx L¡−mj¡ a¡C−uh¡ ®k ®N¡V¡ S£h−el ¢Q¿¹¡ J L¡−Sl hÉ¡f¡−l e£¢a ¢edÑ¡lZ£ Lb¡ Hhw L¡−mj¡ Lh¤m Ll¡l AbÑ ®k f§ZÑ S£h−e Bõ¡q J l¡p§−ml Be¤NaÉ Ll¡l Ju¡c¡-H Lb¡ à£ec¡l h−m f¢l¢Qa j¤pmj¡e−cl j−dÉJ A−e−L S¡−e e¡z ú¤m,L−mS, ¢hnÄ¢hcÉ¡m−ul ®L¡b¡J L¡−mj¡l H hÉ¡fL AbÑ ®nM¡e qu e¡z ¢n¢ra pj¡S k¢c L¡−mj¡l H jjÑ e¡ S¡−e a¡q−m H ®c¡o L¡l? ®c−nl plL¡l J ¢nr¡hÉhÙÛ¡C ¢L H SeÉ c¡u£ eu? à£e Cpm¡−jl fum¡ p¢WL f¡W-C L¡−mj¡ a¡C−uh¡z −k e£¢a Ae¤k¡u£ ®N¡V¡ S£he k¡fe Ll−a q−h a¡-C k¢c ®nM¡l ®L¡e hÉhÙÛ¡ e¡ qu a¡q−m j¡e¤o Cpm¡j−L S£h−e ¢L L−l f¡me Ll−h? Hlfl e¡j¡k q−m¡ ¢àa£u ¢i¢šz Bõ¡q f¡L j¤p¢mj−cl Efl f¡yQ Ju¡−š²l e¡j¡k S¡j¡u¡−al p¡−b glk L−l−Rez glk j¡−e q−m¡ AhnÉ LaÑhÉ h¡ Af¢lq¡kÑ c¡¢uaÅz Bõ¡q e¡j¡k−L gl−kl …l¦aÅ ¢c−u−Rez ¢L¿º Bj¡−cl pj¡−S e¡j¡−kl f¢Sne L£? p¡d¡lei¡−h H−c−n e¡j¡k j¤h¡q AhÙÛ¡u B−Rz AbÑ¡v Ll−m r¢a ®eC Hhw e¡ Ll−mJ ®c¡o ®eCz ®L¡e ®L¡e ®r−œ e¡j¡k fs¡ j¡Ll©a h¡ AfR¾ce£uz ¢fue S¡j¡u¡−a ®k−u e¡j¡k f−s, ®he¡j¡k£ A¢gp¡l H−a ¢hlš² quz ®L¡b¡J ®L¡b¡J e¡j¡k fs¡ q¡l¡j h¡ ¢e¢oÜz ¢XE¢V b¡L¡L¡−m e¡j¡k L¡k¡ Ll−a h¡dÉ q−a quz à£−e h¡¢a−ml Ad£−e e¡j¡−kl SeÉ Bõ¡l ®cu¡ J ýL¤−jl p¡−b Hl©f hÉhq¡l Ll¡C ü¡i¡¢hLz k¢c à£−e qL H−c−n L¡−uj b¡L−a¡ a¡q−m e¡j¡k−L glk ¢qp¡−hC jkÑ¡c¡ ®cu¡ q−a¡z phÑœ ph¡C k¡−a e¡j¡k ¢WL j−a¡ Bc¡u Ll−a f¡−l ®p hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll¡ q−a¡z LaÑ¡l¡ ¢e−S e¡j¡k ¢eu¢ja Bc¡u Ll−a¡ Hhw e¡j¡k ®k L¡−mj¡l e£¢a Ae¤k¡u£ S£he k¡f−el ¢nr¡ ®cu a¡ e¡j¡k£−cl S£h−e h¡Ù¹−h ®cM¡ ®k−a¡z e¡j¡−kl flC ®l¡k¡l ÙÛ¡ez Cpm¡−jl H ¢i¢š¢VJ e¡j¡−kl j−a¡C "j¤h¡q' AhÙÛ¡u B−R-AbQ Bõ¡q f¡L ljk¡e j¡−pl ®l¡k¡−L glk L−l−Rez à£−e qL L¡−uj b¡L−m pj¡−S Hje f¢l−hn pª¢ø q−a¡ k¡l g−m ¢c−el ®hm¡ ®q¡−V−ml clk¡l fcÑ¡ T¤¢m−u M¡Ju¡l j−a¡ j¤e¡−gL£ Ll¡ ®L¡e j¤pmj¡−el f−r pñh q−a¡ e¡z ®l¡k¡l E−ŸnÉ −k °e¢aL Eæue,haÑj¡−e ®p °e¢aLa¡l ®L¡e j§mÉC pj¡−S ®eCz fÐhª¢šl c¡paÅ Ll¡l k¡ha£u p¤−k¡Np¤¢hd¡ Ll¡C ®ke ®c−nl ®ea¡ J LaÑ¡−cl Bpm L¡Sz fÐh¢ª š−L cje L−l ¢h−h−Ll n¢š² hª¢Ü Ll¡ ®l¡k¡l AeÉaj hs E−ŸnÉz i¡m J j−¾cl ¢hQ¡l-‘¡e ¢c−u j¡e¤o−L °al£ Ll¡ q−u−Rz a¡C j¡e¤o−L ¢h−hLj¡e ¢q−p−h N−s a¤mh¡l SeÉC −l¡k¡l fÐ−u¡Sez ¢L¿º à£−e h¡¢a−ml ¢eLV hÙ¹Na p¤M J fÐh¢ª šl f§S¡-C hs z a¡C ""ljk¡−el f¢hœa¡ lr¡l'' ®m¡L ®cM¡e ¢LR¤ A¢ieu Q−mz

Hh¡l q−‹l AhÙÛ¡ ®cM¡ k¡Lz k¡−cl q‹ Ll¡ E¢Qa a¡−cl Efl Bõ¡l ¢e−cÑn ®k, j‚¡ nl£−g ®k−u q‹ Bc¡u Ll−a q−hz ¢L¿º Bõ¡l H B−cn¢V à£−e h¡¢a−ml Ad£ez h¡¢am k¢c Ae¤j¢a e¡ −cu a¡q−m q−‹ k¡Ju¡ k¡−h e¡z k¢c à£−e qL ®c−n L¡−uj b¡L−a¡ a¡q−m k¡−cl q−‹ k¡h¡l rja¡ B−R a¡−cl−L plL¡l£i¡−h q−‹ k¡h¡l SeÉ a¡¢Lc ®cu¡ q−a¡z k¡L¡−al AhÙÛ¡ BlJ Ll¦Zz fÐLa ª f−r Cpm¡−j k¡a¡a hÉhÙÛ¡ q−m¡ p¡j¡¢SL ¢el¡fš¡l (Social security) ¢hd¡ez k¡−cl fÐ−u¡S−el ®Q−u Bu Lj Hhw ®L¡e e¡ ®L¡e L¡l−e k¡l¡ Ai¡hNËÙÛ J Ge£ q−u f−s−R a¡−cl SeÉ Cpm¡j£ plL¡−ll c¡¢uaÅ q−m¡ k¡L¡a ®cu¡l ®k¡NÉ ®m¡L−cl ¢eLV ®b−L k¡L¡−al V¡L¡ Bc¡u L−l k¡L¡a NËq−el ®k¡NÉ ®m¡L−cl ¢eLV ®b−L k¡L¡−al V¡L¡ Bc¡u L−l k¡L¡a NËq−el ®k¡NÉ ®m¡L−cl ¢eLV ®f±y¢R−u ®cu¡z k¡L¡a AeÉ¡eÉ VÉ¡−„l j−a¡ euz ®k −L¡e plL¡l£ L¡−S k¡L¡−al V¡L¡ MlQ Ll¡l Ae¤j¢a ®eCz L¤lB−e Ml−Ql ®k BV¢V M¡−al E−õM B−R a¡l h¡C−l k¡L¡−al V¡L¡ MlQ Ll¡l ®L¡e A¢dL¡l plL¡−ll ®eCz k¡L¡a hÉhÙÛ¡ ¢WL j−a¡ Q¡m¤ Ll¡ q−m pj¡−S ¢ir¡hª¢š J ®hL¡l pjpÉ¡ b¡L−aC f¡−l e¡z ¢L¿º à£−e qL Q¡m¤ ®eC h−m k¡L¡−al j−a¡ jq¡e hÉhÙÛ¡¢VJ Cpm¡−jl LmwL h−m d¡lZ¡ qJu¡l L¡le O−V−Rz haÑj¡e h¡¢am pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡u ®k ¢eu−j k¡L¡a Q¡m¤ B−R a¡−a j−e qu ®k, k¡L¡a ®ke Nl£−hl fТa de£−cl cu¡l ¢ir¡z fÐLa ª f−r Cpm¡−j k¡L¡a q−m¡ k¡L¡ac¡a¡−cl Efl d¡kÑ Ll¡ HL fÐL¡l VÉ¡„ Hhw k¡l¡ fСfL a¡−cl HV¡ qL h¡ A¢dL¡lz Cpm¡j£ plL¡l k¡L¡a Ep¤m L−l kb¡¢eu−j ¢h¢m h¾V−el hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll−m AaÉ¿¹ pÇj¡−el p¡−b fСfLl¡ ®f−a f¡−lz haÑj¡−e k¡l¡ k¡L¡a f¡u a¡l¡ Afj¡eSeLi¡−hC c¡a¡−cl Ae¤NÊq ¢qp¡−h a¡ f¡−µRz Cpm¡−jl f¡yQ¢V j§m ¢i¢šlC HM¡−e ®k c¤'cÑn¡ a¡ ®b−LC Ae¤j¡e Ll¡ k¡k ®k, ®N¡V¡ Cpm¡j¢ S£he ¢hd¡−el jk¡Ñc¡ HM¡−e L£z Cpm¡j£ Bc−nÑ ¢hnÄ¡p£ ph¡l A¿¹−l à£−e q−Ll ka EµQ jkÑ¡c¡C b¡L¤L, h¡Ù¹−h H ®c−n ®k à£−e h¡¢a−ml Ad£−e Cpm¡−jl e¡jV¤L¤ j¡œ ®h−Qy B−R a¡ Cpm¡j clc£l¡C Efm¢Ü Ll−a prjz ®kV¤L¤ Cpm¡j ®h−Qy B−R a¡ ࣢e j¡â¡p¡…−m¡lC ¢h−no Ahc¡ez H ph j¡â¡p¡ e¡ b¡L−m L¤lBe J q¡c£−pl ®L¡e QQÑ¡C b¡L−a¡ e¡z j¤p¢mj SeN−el p¡q¡kÉ e¡ q−m H ph j¡â¡p¡l A¢Ù¹aÅC Apñh q−a¡z h¡¢a−ml Ad£−e HV¤L¤ ®h−Qy b¡L¡V¡C hs ®p±i¡−NÉl Lb¡z

à£−e qL L¡−uj q−m h¡¢a−ml AhÙÛ¡ ¢L qu? ®kM¡−e à£−e h¡¢am L¡−uj B−R ®pM¡−e ®kje à£−e qL h¡¢a−ml Ad£−e q−u b¡L−a h¡dÉ qu, ®aj¢e à£−e qL L¡−uj q−m h¡¢am−LC q−Ll Ad£−e q−a quz Bõ¡q f¡L h¡¢am−L Maj Ll¡l ýL¤j ®ce¢ez ¢a¢e qL−L ¢hSu£ Ll¡l ¢e−cÑn ¢c−u−Rez qL ¢hSu£ q−m h¡¢am−L aaV¤LC¤ ®hy−Q b¡L¡l A¢dL¡l J p¤−k¡N ®cJu¡ q−h kaV¡ q−Ll SeÉ r¢aLl euz ®kje haÑj¡−e à£−e qL aaV¤L¤C ¢V−L B−R kaV¤L−¤ a h¡¢a−ml Bf¢š ®eC h¡ kaV¤L¤ b¡L−m à£−e h¡¢a−ml ®L¡e ¢h−no r¢a qu e¡z à£−e qL L¡−uj q−m h¡¢am djÑ Maj q−u k¡−h e¡z k¡l¡ AeÉ djÑ f¡me Ll−a Q¡u a¡−cl−L h¡d¡ ®cu¡ k¡−h e¡z j¢¾cl,¢NS¡Ñ CaÉ¢cl ®qg¡ka Ll−a q−hz L¡le d−jÑl Efl n¢š² fÐ−u¡N L¤lB−e ¢e−odz djÑ j−el hÉ¡f¡lz ®S¡l L−l Cpm¡j Lh¤m Ll¡−m j−el ¢cL ®b−L ¢h−â¡q −b−L k¡−hz j−el Efl ®S¡l M¡−Vl e¡z a¡C Cpm¡j£ l¡−øÌ dj£Ñu ü¡d£ea¡ hS¡u l¡M¡ kl¦l£z ¢L¿º Mªø¡e h¡ Cu¡ýc£l¡ k¢c Cpm¡j£ l¡−øÌ p¤−cl hÉhp¡l Ae¤j¢a Q¡u h¡ L¡mQ¡−ll e¡−j fÐL¡nÉi¡−h AnÔ£ma¡ J eNÀa¡ Q¡m¤ Ll−a Q¡u a¡q−m Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ Hl Ae¤j¢a ®c−h e¡z H ph ®k−qa¤ Cpm¡−jl Abѯe¢aL hÉhÙÛ¡ J °e¢aL f¢l−hn−L r¢aNËÙ¹ Ll−h ®p−qa¤ H ph−L pqÉ Ll¡ pñh q−h e¡z Bõ¡q f¡L j¡e¤o−L ®k Eæa ¯e¢aL pš¡ ¢qp¡−h jkÑ¡c¡ ¢c−a Q¡e a¡ HLj¡œ à£−e q−Ll Ad£−eC pñhz j¡e¤−ol j−dË fö−aÅl fÐhZa¡−L ¢eu¿»−el f¢lh−aÑ BlJ Bú¡l¡ ®cu¡l SeÉ à£−e h¡¢a−ml fr ®a−L hÙ¹Na Aá¤a cnÑe pª¢ø Ll¡ q−u−Rz g−m j¡e¤o föl ®Q−u Adj J SOeÉ Q¢l−œl f¢lQu ¢c−µRz à£−e qL ¢hSu£ q−m j¡e¤o−L p¢aÉL¡l j¡e¤−ol jkÑ¡c¡l Eæ£a Ll¡l SeÉ Bõ¡q f¡−Ll ®cu¡ ¢hd¡e−L h¡Ù¹−h fÐ−u¡N Ll¡ pñh q−hz ¢hnÄeh£ ®pL¡−m c¤¢eu¡l ph−Q−u ApiÉ J ¢eLªø j¡eh pj¡S−L à£−e q−Ll j¡dÉ−jC C¢aq¡−pl ®nÐùaj J piÉaj pj¡−S f¢lZa Ll−a prj q−u¢R−mez

CL¡j¡−a CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡¢uaÅ à£e−L L¡−uj Ll¡l c¡¢uaÅ L¡l? Bõ¡q f¡L H c¡¢uaÅ ¢c−uC l¡p§m (px)-®L f¡¢W−u−Rez ®kje L¤lBe f¡−Ll ¢ae¢V p¤l¡u H ¢ho−u f¢lú¡l i¡o¡u ®O¡oZ¡ Ll¡ q−u−R x Ab x ¢a¢eC ®p pš¡ ¢k¢e a¡l l¡p§m−L ®qc¡u¡a J HLj¡œ qL à£e ¢c−u f¡¢W−u−Re ®ke (®p à£e−L) Bl ph à£−el Efl ¢hSu£ L−lez (aJh¡ - 33, g¡aq - 28, p¡g- 9 Bu¡a) ¢L¿º H c¡¢uaÅ ¢L öd¤ l¡p§−mlCz l¡p§−ml fÊ¢a k¡l¡ Dj¡e H−e¢R−me a¡l¡¢L öd¤ e¡j¡k, ®l¡k¡ J AeÉ¡eÉ LaL dj£uÑ c¡¢uaÅ f¡me Ll¡C e¡S¡−al SeÉ k−bø j−e Ll−ae? L¤lBe J q¡c£p H Lb¡l p¡r£ ®k, fÐ−aÉL Dj¡ec¡l−LC l¡p¤m§õ¡q (px)""CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡¢uaÅ'' f¡m−e S¡e J j¡m à¡l¡ f§eÑl¦−f nl£L q−a q−a¡z l¡p§m (px)-Hl Cj¡ja£−a jc£e¡l pjS£−c S¡j¡u¡−a e¡j¡k Bc¡uL¡l£ HL q¡S¡l ®m¡L ¢e−u Bõ¡l l¡p§m (px) Jý−cl k¤−Ü lJe¡ q−mez ¢LR¤c−§ l ®k−u Bhc¤õ¡q ¢he Jh¡C -Hl ®ea−aÅ ¢aen ®m¡L k¤−Ü nl£L e¡ q−u ¢g−l H−m¡z Bõ¡q f¡L H−cl−L j¤e¡¢gL h−m ®O¡oe¡ Ll−mez a¡h¤−Ll k¤−Ü ¢aeSe p¡q¡h£ kb¡pj−u lJu¡e¡ e¡ qJu¡u Hhw f−l lJu¡e¡ qh¡l ¢eua a−cl b¡L¡ p−aÅJ l¡p¤−ml ¢e−cÑ−n a¡−cl−L j¤p¢mj S¡j¡u¡a ®b−L ¢h¢µRæ ®O¡oe¡ Ll¡ q−m¡z Hje¢L a¡−cl ¢h¢h h¡µQ¡−L fkÑ¿¹ a¡−cl p¡−b Lb¡ hm¡ hå Ll¡l ¢e−cÑn ®cu¡ qmz H AhÙÛ¡u c£OÑ f’¡n ¢cep a¡Jh¡ Ll¡l fl Bõ¡q f¡L a¡−cl−L rj¡ Ll−mez H ®b−L ¢exp−¾c−q fÐj¡¢Za qu ®k, l¡p§−ml c¡¢uaÅ f¡m−e f§ZÑi¡−h nl£L qJu¡ Dj¡−el Af¢lq¡kÑ c¡h£z a¡q−m h¤T¡ −Nm ®k, CL¡j−a à£−el fÐ−aÉL j¤p¢m−jlCz l¡p§−ml H jq¡e c¡¢u−aÅ nl£L e¡ q−m Dj¡e h¡e¡l fÐ−u¡SeC ¢L ¢Rm? L¤lB−e l¡p§−ml j¤M ¢c−uC hm¡e qCu¡−R ®k, - Bõ¡−L iu L−l Qm Hhw Bj¡l Be¤NaÉ Llz (…u¡l¡) l¡p§−ml f§eÑ Be¤NaÉ Ll¡l j¡dÉ−jC Bõ¡l Be¤NaÉ Ll¡ pñhz Bõ¡q f¡L ka ýL¤j L−l−Re a¡ h¡Ù¹−h j¡eh pj¡−S aMeC Q¡m¤ q−a f¡−l kMe à£−e qL L¡−ue quz ®L¡e glkC à£−e h¡¢a−ml Ad£−e gl−kl jkÑ¡c¡ f¡u e¡z CL¡j−a à£e R¡s¡ ®L¡e q¡l¡jC pj¡S ®b−L EvM¡a q−a f¡−le¡z a¡C Bõ¡l l¡p§m,(p:) ka glk L¡−uj Ll−a ®f−l¢R−me a¡ CL¡j¡−a à£−el g−mC pñh q−u¢Rmz à£e L¡−uj Ll−a e¡ f¡l−m ®L¡e glkC pj¡−S Q¡m¤ Ll−a f¡l−ae e¡z p¤al¡w CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡¢uaÅ¢VC ph gl−kl hs glkz CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡¢uaÅ−L ANË¡qÉ L−l e¡j¡k,®l¡k¡,q‹Æ,k¡L¡a CaÉ¡¢c ®L¡e glk−LC ¢WLi¡−h pj¡S L¡−uj Ll¡ pñh euz ®aj¢e à£e L¡−uj Ll¡ R¡s¡ pj¡S ®b−L M¡l¡f£ J AeÉ¡u−L Evf¡a Ll¡ k¡u e¡z a¡q−m H Lb¡ ü£L¡l e¡ L−l Ef¡u ®eC ®k, CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡¢uaÅ (gl£k¡−u CL¡j¡−a à£e) fÐ−aÉL j¤p¢m−jl Efl glkz AbÑ¡v à£e−L L¡−uj h¡ ¢hSu£ Ll¡l ®Qø¡ Ll¡ ""gl−k BCe''z AhnÉ à£e ¢hSu£ q−u ®N−m Cpm¡j£ l¡−øÊl f¢lQ¡mL plL¡−ll EflC à£e−L L¡−uj l¡M¡l c¡¢uaÅ b¡−Lz aMe HV¡ p¡d¡le j¤p¢mj−cl SeÉ ""gl−k ¢Lg¡u¡'' q−u k¡uz ¢L¿º à£−e h¡¢am−L fl¡¢Sa L−l à£−e qL−L ¢hSu£ Ll¡l c¡¢uaÅ¢V AhnÉC ""gl−k BCe''z Bõ¡l l¡p§m (px)®L (EvLªøaj BcnÑ) J p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡j−L Ae¤LlZ ®k¡NÉ j−e Ll−m J Hb¡ ü£L¡l Ll¡ R¡s¡ Ef¡u ®eCz ph gl−kl hs glk ¢qp¡−h CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡¢uaÅ−L h¤Th¡l fl L¡−l¡ f−rC Cpm¡−jl LaL j§mÉh¡e ®Mcja L−lC pñø b¡L¡ pñh euz AhnÉ H c¡¢u−aÅl Ae§i§¢aC k¡−cl ®eC a¡−cl Lb¡C Bm¡c¡z e¡S¡a ®cu¡l j¡¢mL ®k jq¡e Bõ¡q ¢a¢eC a¡−cl q¡m S¡−ee Hhw ¢a¢e L¡−l¡ Efl A¢hQ¡l Ll−he e¡--H Lb¡ ¢e¢ÕQaz ¢L¿º Bõ¡q f¡L k¡−cl−L CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡¢uaÅ (gl£k¡) h¤Th¡l ®k¡NÉa¡ ¢c−u−Re a¡−cl f−r H ¢ho−u Ah−qm¡ Ll¡ ü¡i¡¢hL euz j¡â¡p¡ M¡eL¡qÚ J a¡hm£−Nl j¡dÉ−j à£−el kaV¤L¤ ®Mcja q−µR a¡−aC pñø b¡L¡ a¡−cl f−r Apñhz H Lb¡ ®LE Aü£L¡l Ll−a f¡l−h e¡ ®k, j¡â¡p¡,Ju¡k,M¡eL¡q J a¡hm£N à¡l¡ à£−el hs hs ®Mcja q−µRz H ph ®McjaC CL¡j¡−a à£−el SeÉ ¢h−no pq¡uLz ¢L¿º ®Mcja…−m¡ à¡l¡ Bfe¡ Bf¢eC à£e L¡−uj q−a f¡−l e¡z à¢e L¡−u−jl LjÑe£¢a (a¡l£−L L¡l) J LjÑp§Q£ öd¤ ®Mcja fkÑ¿¹C p£j¡hÜ b¡−L e¡z CL¡j¡−a à£−el fÐ−Qø¡ ü¡i¡¢hL i¡−hC HL¢V ¢hfÔh£ B−¾c¡m−el l§f m¡i L−lz H fÐ−Qø¡−L a¡C Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me h¡ ""¢Sq¡c ¢g p¡h£¢mõ¡q'' hm¡ quz

l¡p§m (px) ¢L c¡¢u−aÅl A¢a¢lš² L¡S L−l−Re? −no eh£ J ¢hnÄ eh£ (px) h¡¢a−ml ¢hl¦−Ü c£OÑ pwNË¡j L−l ¢e−SJ Qlj ¢ekÑ¡ae pqÉ L−l−Re Hhw p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡j−LJ S¡e-j¡−ml AhZÑe£u r¢a ü£L¡l Ll−a l¡k£ L−l−Rez l¡p§m¤õ¡q (px) Hl f¢lQ¡¢ma Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el fÐbj ®al hR−l HLcm ®k¡NÉ pqLj£Ñ ®al£ Ll¡l fl jc£e¡u ¢hSu k¤N öl¦ quz H ¢hSu J ¢ÙÛ¢an£m q−a BV hRl ®m−N k¡uz L¤l¡¡Cn−cl ®eaª−aÅ ®N¡V¡ Blh n¢š² h¡lh¡l jc£e¡l Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ¢V−L Maj Ll¡l ®Qø¡ L−l−Rz où ¢qSl£l ®noi¡−N ýc¡u¢hu¡l p¢ål g−m L¤l¡Cn−cl Bœ²je hå qu Hhw Aøj ¢qSl£l ljk¡−e j‚¡ ¢hS−ul j¡dÉ−j Cpm¡j£ ¢hfÔh ¢ÙÛ¢an£m quz ®N¡V¡ Bl−h Cpm¡−jl ¢hSu qh¡l flJ f¡lpÉ J ®l¡j p¡jË¡−SÉl Bœ²je ®b−L Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ−L lr¡ Ll¡l SeÉ l¡p§m(px)-®L A−eL hÉhÙÛ¡ ¢e−a q−u−Rz Q¡lf¡−nl ph l¡−øÌl LaÑ¡−cl−L ¢a¢e Cpm¡j Lh¤−ml c¡Ju¡a ¢c−u−Re Hhw c¡Ju¡a Lh¤m e¡ Ll−m Cpm¡j£ l¡−øÌl Ad£ea¡ ü£L¡l Ll¡l Bqh¡e S¡¢e−u−Rez fÐnÀ q−a f¡−l ®k, Bõ¡q à£e Cpm¡−jl ®k c¡¢uaÅ l¡p§−ml Efl ¢c−u¢R−me a¡l ®Q−u A¢a¢lš² ®L¡e L¡S ¢L ¢a¢e L−l−Re? Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ L¡−uj Ll¡, J l¡øÌ−L lr¡ Ll¡l SeÉ k¤Ü Ll¡, H l¡øÌ f¢lQ¡me¡l SeÉ plL¡l NWe Ll¡, ®c−nl fÐQ¡¢ma BC−e hc−m L¤lB−el BCe Q¡m¤ Ll¡, Cep¡gf§ZÑ ¢hQ¡l -hÉhÙÛ¡ L¡−uj Ll¡, Bõ¡l ®cu¡ ¢lkÚL ®b−L k¡−a ®LE h¢’a e¡ b¡−L Hje Abѯe¢aL ¢hd¡e S¡l£ Ll¡ CaÉ¡¢c AN¢Za l¡S¯e¢aL, Abѯe¢aL J p¡j¡¢SL L¡S ¢a¢e L−l−Rez H L¡S…−m¡ ¢L Cpm¡j£ c¡¢uaÅ ¢qp¡−hC ¢a¢e L−le¢e? Bõ¡l l¡p§mC q−µRe à£e Cpm¡−jl BcnÑ z H ph L¡S k¢c ¢a¢e à£−el c¡¢uaÅ ¢qp¡−h ¢e−SC L−l b¡−Le a¡q−m H…−m¡l …l¦aÅ−L Ah−qm¡ Ll−m à£ec¡l£l r¢a q−h ¢L e¡? ¢hpÈ−ul ¢hou ®k, à£ec¡l£l ®c¡q¡C ¢c−uC à£−el H ph c¡¢uaÅC ®k Bpm L¡S Hhw ®p L¡−Sl ®k¡NÉ qh¡l SeÉ ®k, e¡j¡k, ®l¡k¡, ¢kLÚe CaÉ¡¢cl clL¡l, k¢c à£ec¡l ®m¡−Ll¡C ®p Lb¡ e¡ h¤−T a¡q−m à£e Cpm¡j−L ¢hSu£ Ll¡l c¡¢uaÅ L¡l¡ f¡me Ll−h? j¡â¡p¡u k¡l¡ L¤lBe J q¡c£−pl Cmj ¢halZ Ll−Re, M¡eL¡u k¡l¡ à£−el a¡mL£e ¢c−µRe, Ju¡−kl j¡q¢g−m k¡l¡ SeN−Zl j−dÉ à£−el B−m¡ Rs¡−µRe, a¡hm£−Nl j¡lg−a k¡l¡ j¡e¤o−L B¢Ml¡−al ¢gLÚl ¢nM¡−µRe- a¡l¡C ®a¡ à£−el fÐLªa M¡−clj Hhw fa¡L¡h¡q£z a¡C CL¡j−al à£−el c¡¢uaÅ h¤Th¡l L−l e¡ a¡l¡ l¡p§m(px)-Hl CL¡j¡−al à£−el L¢We c¡¢uaÅ ¢L L−l Ae¤ih Ll−h? H SeÉC à£−el pLm fÐL¡l ®Mcj−a ¢ek¤š² pjÙ¹ j¤M¢mp£−e à£−el ¢eLV Bj¡l BL¤m B−hce −k, Bfe¡l¡ CL¡j¡−a à£−el H ¢kÇj¡c¡l£ pÇf−LÑ ®M¡m¡ j−e ¢Q¿¹¡ i¡he¡ L−l ®cM¤ez k¢c B¢j i¤m h¤−T b¡¢L L¤lBe, q¡c£e J l¡p¤m (px) Hl S£he ®b−L k¤¢š² ¢c−u Bj¡l i¤m d¡lZ c§l Ll−a p¡q¡kÉ Ll¦ez Bj¡−cl ph¡C−L Bõ¡lC ¢eLV q¡¢kl q−a q−hz ®pM¡−e ®ke Bj¡−cl−L m¢‹a q−a e¡ qu ®pV¡C hs Lb¡z p¡d¡lZax H c¡¢uaÅ f¡me e¡ Ll¡l AS¤q¡a ¢q−p−h LaL hs hs à£ec¡l hÉ¢š²l ®c¡q¡C ¢c−u hm¡ qu ®k, a¡yl¡ ¢L H c¡¢u−aÅl Lb¡ h¤−Te¢e? a¡yl¡ H L¡S Ll¡l L¡l−Z ¢L B¢Ml¡−a e¡S¡a f¡−he e¡? H S¡a£u AS¤q¡a k¡l¡ a¡m¡n L−le a¡−cl−L h¤T¡h¡l p¡dÉ L¡−l¡ ®eCz Bõ¡l l¡p§m k¢c BcnÑ q−u b¡−Le a¡q−l a¡y−LC Ae¤plZ Ll¡l ®Qø Ll−a q−hz AeÉ ®L¡e B−mj, h¤kNÑ h¡ à£ec¡l ®m¡L−L l¡p§−ml j¤L¡¢hm¡u cm£m ¢q−p−h ®fn Ll¡ H−Lh¡−lC AeÉ¡uz Bj¡−cl fÐ−aÉL−LC Bcm−a B¢Ml¡−a ¢eS ¢eS L¡−Sl ¢qp¡h ¢c−a q−hz ""CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡¢uaÅ Aj¤L hs B−mj f¡me L−le¢e h−l B¢jJ f¡me Ll¡ clL¡l j−e L¢l¢e'' - H ®M¡ys¡ k¤¢š² ®pM¡−e ®L¡e L¡−S Bp−h e¡z l¡p§m(px) ®L p¢WL i¡−h Ae¤plZ Ll¡ q−u−R ¢Le¡ ®p fÐnÀC ®pM¡−e Ll¡ q−hz Hl EflC e¡S¡a ¢eiÑl Ll−hz ®L¡e B−m−jl ®c¡q¡C ¢c−u H fÐnÀ H¢s−u k¡h¡l ®L¡e Ef¡uC b¡L−h e¡z

Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el ¢Ql¿¹e LjÑfÜ¢a H Lb¡ paÉ ®k, fÐ−aÉL ®c−nl BiÉ¿¹l£Z f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a Ae¤k¡u£ ®p ®c−n Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el ¢hÙ¹¡¢la LjÑp§Q£ l¢Qa quz¢L¿¹¤ B−¾c¡m−el j§mLjÑfÜ¡¢a phÑ−c−n phÑL¡−m HLCz HV¡ Hje ÙÛ¡u£ LjÑfÜ¡¢a k¡ Bõ¡l eh£ J l¡p§mNe−L fkÑ¿¹ Ae¤plZ Ll−a q−u−Rz c¤¢eu¡−a ®k ®L¡e BcnÑ L¡−u−jl HV¡C HLj¡œ ü¡i¡¢hL LjÑ fÜ¡¢az Hl pw¢rç ¢hhlZ ¢eÇjl©f x HL x BcnÑ kaC ¢eM§ya ®q¡L, ®L¡e BcnÑ ¢e−S ¢e−S pj¡−S L¡−uj q−a f¡−l e¡z Hje HL cm ®ea¡ J Lj£Ñ h¡¢qe£ °al£ qJu¡ fÐ−u¡Se k¡l¡ pj¡S J l¡−øÌl ¢h¢iæ ¢hi¡−N I BcÑn h¡Ù¹−h L¡−uj Ll¡l ®k¡NÉz c¤C x H dl−el ®k¡NÉ ®ea¡ J Lj£Ñ cm Bpj¡e ®b−L e¡¢km qu e¡z j¡eh pj¡S ®b−LC H−cl−L pwN¢Wa L−l N−s a¤m−a quz Bc−nÑl B−¾c¡me kMe j¡e¤−ol ¢eLV a¡yl c¡Ju¡a ¢c−a b¡−L aMe pj¡−S I Bc−nÑl fТa BLªø qh¡l Ef−k¡N£ ®m¡−Ll¡ H¢N−u B−pz B−¾c¡m−el f¢lQ¡mLNe a¡−cl−L pwN¢Wa L−l HL ¢h−no LjÑp§Q£l j¡dÉ−j a¡−cl je, jNk J Q¢lœ I BcnÑ Ae¤k¡u£ N−s a¤−mez ¢ae x fÐ−aÉL pj¡−SC ®k−qa¤ ®L¡e ¢hd¡e fÐQ¢ma b¡−L Hhw pj¡Sf¢al¡ (l¡S¯e¢aL, Abѯe¢aL, dj£Ñu J p¡j¡¢SL ®eaªaÅ) ®p hÉhÙÛ¡ Q¡m¤ Ll¡l j¡dÉ−j a¡−cl ü¡bÑ L¡−uj l¡−M, ®p−qa¤ e§ae ®L¡e Bc−nÑl B−¾c¡me−L a¡l¡ phÑn¢š² ¢c−u fТa−l¡d L−lz Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el Lj£Ñ−cl p¡−b L¡−uj£ ü¡−bÑl H pwOoÑ fÐ−aÉL eh£l S£h−eC ®cM¡ ®N−Rz H pwOoÑ AaÉ¿¹ ü¡i¡¢hL J Sl¦l£z H pwO¡aC Lj£−cl SeÉ p¢aÉL¡l fl£r¡z pj¡−S p¤−k¡N p¤¢hd¡ ®b−L h¢’a q−uJ Hhw L¡−uj£ ü¡−bÑl ®Sm, k¤m¤j J ¢ekÑ¡ae hlc¡na L−lJ k¡l¡ B−¾c¡m−e ¢V−L b¡−L a¡l¡C H Bc−nÑl ®k¡NÉ h−m fÐj¡¢Zaz H ü¡i¡¢hL fl£r¡ R¡s¡ Cf−k¡N£ ®m¡L h¡R¡C Ll¡l AeÉ ®L¡e Ef¡u ®eCz Q¡l x B−¾c¡m−el ®k¡NÉ ®eaªaÅ J Lj£Ñ h¡¢qe£ °al£l H ¢Ql¿¹e fÜ¢a AhnÉC pju p¡−frz qW¡v AÒf pj−u HV¡ ¢LR¤−aC q−a f¡−l e¡z a¡C ¢hnÄ eh£−L c£OÑ 13¢V hRl hÉ¢š²NWe fkÑ¡−u jc£e¡u ¢qSl¡−al f§hÑ fkÑ¿¹ L¡−uj£ ü¡−bÑl p¡−b pwOoÑ Ll−a q−u¢Rmz eh£l LjÑ£ h¡¢qe£−L ®no fl£r¡ ¢c−a q−u¢Rm ¢qSl¡−al j¡dÉ−jz Cpm¡−jl M¡¢a−l Hjei¡−h k¡l¡ h¡dÉ ¡q−u h¡s£-Ol,BaÁ£u-üSe, de-pÇfc J S¾ji§¢j aÉ¡N L−l¢R−me a¡yl¡ fÐj¡Z ¢c−me ®k, a¡y−cl q¡−aC à£e Cpm¡−jl ¢hSu pñhz L¡lZ c¤¢eu¡l ph ¢LR¤C HLj¡œ BcÑ−nl SeÉ a¡yl¡ aÉ¡−Nl Ll−a f¡−lez Hi¡−h B−¾c¡m−el j¡lg−a HLcm aÉ¡N£ J ¢exü¡bÑ Lj£Ñ−cl pª¢ø Ll−a ®hn ¢LR¤ pju m¡N¡ ü¡i¡¢hLz f¡yQ x hÉ¢š² NW−el H fkÑ¡u A¢aœ²j Ll¡l flC pj¡S NW−el p¤−k¡N q−a f¡−lz hÉ¢š² NW−el Ù¹l−L pwNË¡j k¤NJ hm¡ k¡uz pwNË¡j k¤−N °al£ ®m¡L−cl q¡−a ®L¡b¡J rja¡ A¢fa q−m B−¾c¡m−el ¢hSu k¤N öl¦ qu Hhw aM¢e pj¡S NVe pñh quz ¢qSl¡−al fl jc£e¡u H ¤−k¡NC l¡p§m (px) ®f−u¢R−mez BcnÑ L¡−u−jl ®k¡NÉ ®m¡−Ll q¡−a ®k fkÑ¿¹ −eaªaÅ e¡ B−p ®p fkÑ¿¹ BcnÑ h¡Ù¹−h L¡−uj q−a f¡−l e¡z k¡l¡ Cpm¡j−L S¡−e e¡ h¡ S¡e−mJ ¢e−S−cl S£h−e j¡−e e¡, a¡−cl à¡l¡ ¢L L−l Cpm¡j L¡−uj q−a f¡−l? k¡l¡ ¢e−S−cl hÉ¢š² S£h−e Cpm¡j L¡−u−j hÉbÑ a¡l¡ pj¡−S Cpm¡−jl ®Mcj−al ®k¡NÉa¡C l¡−M e¡z Ru x Cpm¡−jl ®Mcja J Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−e p¤Øfø f¡bÑLÉ l−u−Rz Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el p¡−b fÐQ¢ma rja¡p£e J L¡−uj£ ü¡−bÑl pwOoÑ A¢eh¡kÑz ¢L¿º Cpm¡−jl ®kph ®Mcja pÇf−LÑ L¡−uj£ ü¡bÑ ¢hQ¢ma eu ®p p−hl pw−N a¡−cl pwO¡a qu e¡z Cpm¡−jl I ph ®Mcja f−l¡ri¡−h Hhw ¢h¢iæ fkÑ¡−u Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el pq¡uL q−a f¡−lz ¢L¿ºH ph ®Mcja fÐQ¢ma pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡−L hc¢m−u ¢c−a f¡−l h−m BnwL¡ e¡ Ll−m L¡−uj£ ü¡bÑ a¡−cl−L h¡d¡ ®cu e¡z k¢c −L¡e c¡Ju¡a J LjÑp§Q£ pÇf−LÑ L¡−uj£ ü¡−bl Ñ d¡lZ¡ qu ® k, a¡ à¡l¡ a¡−cl f¢lQ¡¢ma pj¡S J l¡øÌ hÉhÙÛ¡l ¢hl¦−Ü Sen¢š² N−s EW−h a¡q−m ü¡i¡¢hL i¡−hC a¡l¡ ®p B−¾c¡me−L hlc¡na L−l e¡z p¢aÉL¡l f§Z¡Ñ‰ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me fÐL¢ª aNai¡−hC ¢hfÔh¡aÁLz Bõ¡l c¡paÅ J l¡p§m (px) Hl ®eaª−aÅl ¢i¢š−a hÉ¢š²,pj¡S J l¡øÌ−L NWe Ll¡l ¢hfÔh£ LjÑfÜ¡¢a J LjÑp§Q£−a eh£−cl fÐd¡e p¤æ¡az Bõ¡q J l¡p§m (px) Hl Be¤NaÉq£e pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡l f¢lhÑaeC Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el m−rÉz H B−¾c¡me−LC L¤lBe f¡−Ll i¡o¡u "¢Sq¡c ¢g p¡h£¢mõ¡q' hm¡ quz

p¡a x Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me p¢WL LjÑfÜ¢a J LjÑp§Q£ ¢e−u c£OÑ pwNË¡j k¤N A¢aœ²j Ll¡ p−šÆJ Hhw Cpm¡j L¡−u−jl ®k¡NÉ ®eaªaÅ J Lj£Ñcm pª¢ø Ll−a prj q−mJ ®no fkÑ¿¹ ¢hSu k¤N e¡J Bp−a f¡−lz AhnÉC Dj¡ec¡l J pvLjÑn£m HL S¡j¡u¡a ®m¡L °a¢l q−m Cpm¡−jl ¢hS−ul fÐbj naÑ f§lZ quz ¢L¿º ®k pj¡−S Cpm¡j£ ¢hd¡e L¡−k−jl ®Qø¡ Q−m ®p pj¡−Sl hªqšl SepwMÉ¡ k¢c Bc−nÑl p¢LÊu ¢h−l¡d£ qu a¡q−m ¢hSu pñh euz l¡p§mõ¡q (px) Hl °a¢l ®k −eaªaÅ J Lj£Ñcm jc£e¡u Cpm¡j L¡−uj Ll−a prj q−me a¡l¡ j‚¡u ®Le Arj q−me? j‚¡l SeNe p¢LÊui¡−h Cpm¡j ¢h−l¡d£ ¢Rm h−mC ®pM¡−e ¢hSu B−p¢ez H ®b−LC fÐj¡e qu ®k, Cpm¡j ¢h−l¡d£ Se a¡l Efl Cpm¡j L¡−uj Ll¡ k¡u e¡z Bõ¡q f¡L a¡yl à£−el jq¡ ®eu¡ja A¢eµR¤L Sea¡l Efl Q¡¢f−u ®ce e¡z Bõ¡l A−eL l¡p§m H L¡l−eC à£e Cpm¡j−L ¢hSu£ Ll−a f¡−le¢ez HV¡ a¡−cl hÉbÑa¡ euz a¡−cl ®Q−u ®k¡NÉ−L q−a f¡−l? Cpm¡j L¡−u−jl ®k¡NÉ ®m¡L °al£ qJu¡l naÑ¢V j‚¡u f§ZÑ q−mJ SeN−el ¢h−l¡d£ e¡ qJu¡l naÑ¢V ®pM¡−e f§ZÑ qu¢ez H ¢àa£u naÑ¢V jc£e¡u f§ZÑ qJu¡u Cpm¡j ¢hSu m¡i Ll−a prj quz H Lb¡ ¢h−noi¡−h mrÉ Ll¡l ¢hou ®k, Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el L¡S q−m¡ fÐbj naÑ f§l−Zl ®Qø¡ Ll¡ AbÑ¡v h¡¢am n¢š²l p¡−b j¤L¡¢hm¡ L−l pj¡−Sl jdÉ ®b−L HLcm ¢hfÔh£ j¤S¡¢qc °al£ Ll¡z k¢c H naÑ f§lZ qu Hhw ¢àa£u naÑ J Ef¢ÙÛa b¡−L a¡q−m I j¤S¡¢qc cm−L ®eaªaÅ c¡e Ll¡l c¡¢uaÅ Bõ¡q f¡L ¢eS q¡−a ®l−M−Rez ¢Li¡−h ¢L f¿Û¡u LMe ¢a¢e rja¡ c¡e Ll−he a¡ f¢l¢ÙÛ¢al Efl ¢eiÑl Ll−hz rja¡l Bp−e ®fy±−R ®ch¡l c¡¢uaÅ Bõ¡qlCz ®L¡e Aü¡i¡¢hL J L¤¢Vm f¿Û¡u ®eaªaÅ q¡¢pm Ll¡l −Qø¡ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el p¢WL LjÑf¿Û¡ q−a f¡−l e¡z - ®a¡j¡−cl j−dÉ k¡l¡ Dj¡ec¡l J pvLjÑn£m a¡−cl−L c¤¢eu¡l ®Mmga c¡e Ll¡l Ju¡c¡ Bõ¡q L−l−Rez Ef−l¡š² LjÑfÜ¢a Ae¤ple e¡ L−l ®L¡e e¡ ®L¡e fÐL¡−l rja¡ q¡¢pm Ll−m k¢c Cpm¡j−L L¡−uj Ll¡l E−ŸnÉ pgm q−a¡ a¡ q−m l¡p¤m (Bx)- ®L j‚¡l ®ea¡l¡ Cpm¡−jl c¡Ju¡a f¢laÉ¡N L−l h¡cn¡q£ Lh¤m Ll¡l kMe BqÚh¡e S¡e¡−me aMe ¢a¢e rja¡ q¡−a ¢e−u L¡uc¡ L−l Cpm¡j L¡−u−j¡l Lb¡ ¢eÕQu ¢h−hQe¡ Ll−aez HL¢V pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡−L hc¢m−u ea¤e ®L¡e hÉhÙÛ¡ Q¡m¤ Ll−a q−m I pj¡S ®b−LC ea¤e BcnÑ L¡−u−jl Ef−k¡N£ HLcm ¢exü¡bÑ ®m¡L−L °a¢l Ll−a q−hz BlJ jS¡l hÉ¡f¡l HC ®k, ®k dl−el −m¡L A¯epm¡j£ pj¡−S Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el j¡dÉ−jC f¡Ju¡ pñhz L¡le f¡¢bÑh ®L¡e ü¡−bÑl V¡−e fÐQ¢ma pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡l ¢hl¦−Ü H¢c−u Bp¡ Aü¡i¡¢hLz k¡l¡ L¡−uj£ ü¡−bÑl h¡d¡ J k¤mÚj−L ANË¡qÉ L−l H¢N−u B−p, a¡l¡C ea¤e Bc−nÑl Ef−k¡N£z pwNË¡j-k¤−NC H dl−el ®m¡j h¡R¡C Ll¡ pñhz ¢hSu k¤−N p¤¢hd¡h¡c£ ®m¡L J Bc−nÑl fТa BLªø q−a f¡−lz aMe ¢exü¡bÑ BcnÑh¡c£ h¡R¡C Ll¡ AaÉ¿¹ L¢Wez H SeÉC ¢hS−ul fl Bc¢nÑL B−¾c¡me œ²−j œ²−j ü¡bÑfl−cl à¡l¡ r¢aNËÙÛ quz

Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me J ®LX¡l fÜ¢a x ®k ®L¡e BcnÑ h¡Ù¹−h L¡−uj Ll−a q−m ®p Bc−nÑl je, jNk J Q¢lœ ¢h¢nø ®eaªaÅ LjÑ£ h¡¢qe£ °a¢l Ll−aC q−hz H E−Ÿ−nÉ ®k pwNWe L¡−uj Ll¡ qu Hl ®eaªaÅ k¢c BcnÑNa …e¡hm¢ J ®k¡NÉa¡ R¡s¡ öd¤ l¡S¯e¢aL fÐi¡h J B¢bÑL ®k¡NÉa¡ à¡l¡ ¢eu¢¿»a qu a¡q−m H S¡a£u pwNWe à¡l¡ ¢LR¤−aC I BcnÑ L¡−uj q−a f¡−l e¡z a¡C BcnÑ ¢i¢šL B−¾c¡me Efk¤š² ®ea¡ J Lj£Ñcm °a¢l Ll¡l SeÉ ®L¡e e¡ ®L¡e ®aX¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ NËqe Ll−a h¡dÉz j¡â¡p¡, ú¤m J L−m−S ph R¡œ−L HLC LÓ−p i¢aÑ Ll−m Hw HLC j¡−el L¡S ¢c−m ®kje ¢nr¡l E−ŸnÉ pgm q−a f¡−l e¡, ®aj¢e ph dl−el −m¡L−L pwNW−e HLC j¡−e ¢qp¡h Ll−m je jNk J Q¢lœ NW−el ®m¡L¢−L pwNW−e HLC j¡−e ¢qü Ll−m je, jNk J Q¢lœ NW−el mr q¡¢pm q−a f¡−l e¡z a¡C fÐb−j pjbÑL, œ²−j LjÑ£ J pc−pÉl c¡¢uaÅ NÊqe Ll¡l HL¢V ü¡i¡¢hL œ²¢jL fkÑ¡u fÐ−u¡Sez H S¡a£u fÜ¢a−LC ®LX¡l ¢p−ØVj h−mz l¡p¤m¤õ¡q (px) Hl pwNW−e ®LX¡l ¢p−ØVj ¢WRm e¡ h−m k¡l¡ j−e L−le a¡l¡ ¢q−p−h ¢hl¡V i¤m L−lez l¡p¤−ml fТa Dj¡e Be¡l g−m L¡−uj£ ü¡−bÑl fr ®b−L ®k Qlj ¢h−l¡¢da¡l pÇjM£e q−a q−a¡ a¡l g−m Bf¢e−aC ®LX¡l fÜ¢a N−s E−W¢Rmz ®L ®L k¤m¤j-AaÉ¡Q¡l p−aÅJ l¡p¤m−L aÉ¡N Ll−a l¡k£ qe¢e, Bl L¡l¡ ¢hf−cl T¤¢L ¢e−a fÐÙ¹¤a q−a p¡qp f¡¢µR−me e¡ a¡ ®p pju pq−SC h¡R¡C Ll¡ pñh ¢Rmz haj¡−e j¤p¢mj pj¡−S Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me k¢Ÿe L¢We f¢l¢ÙÛ¢l pÇj¤M£e e¡ qu a¢Ÿe Lª¢œji¡−hC ®LX¡l ¢p−øj Q¡m¤ Ll−a q−hz ¢L¿º¤ Bpm ®LX¡l fÜ¢a aMe N−s EW−h kMe h¡¢am n¢š²l p¡−b ¢h−l¡d fÐLV q−u EW−hz I f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a pª¢ØV qh¡l fÑ−hÑ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−e ®L ¢L f¢lj¡e p¢œ²u Hhw S¡e-j¡m−L LaV¤L¤ L¤lh¡e£ ¢c−a f¡−l Hl ¢h¢iæ j¡e ¢eeÑ−ul

SeÉ L−mS-¢hnÄ¢ccÉ¡m−ul j−a¡C ®nÐZ£ ¢heÉ¡p fÐ−u¡Sez L¡le haÑj¡e j¤p¢mj pj¡−S j¤p¢mj qh¡l c¡h£c¡l ph¡Cz Hl j−dÉ M¤h fl−qkN¡l hÉ¢š²J qu−a¡ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el hÉf¡−l ®j¡−VC ®k¡NÉ eez HLSe i¡m j¤q¡¢Ÿp J qu−a¡ B−¾c¡m−el juc¡−e H…−a l¡k£ eez pj¢S−cl HLSe ®k¡NÉ Cj¡j q−u J h¡¢a−ml ¢hl¦−Ü juc¡−e e¡j−a l¡k£ e¡-J q−a f¡−lez H dl−el ®m¡L−cl−L Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el pwNW−e pcpÉ h−m ü£L¡l Ll¡ à¡l¡ Cj¡j¡−a à£−el L¡S ANËpl q−a f¡−l e¡z H SeÉC ®LX¡l ¢p−ØVj R¡s¡ −m¡¡L °al£l E−ŸnÉ pgm q−a f¡−l e¡z −LX¡−ll H fÜ¢a fÐ−u¡N Ll¡ p−aÅJ qL J h¡¢a−ml Qlj pwO−oÑl pju ¢LR¤ pwMÉL ®eaªÙÛ¡e£u ®m¡LJ c¤hÑma¡l f¢lQu ¢c−u ¢f¢R−u fs−a f¡−l, Bh¡l AeNËpl ¢LR¤ ®m¡LJ ANËpl q−u Bp−a f¡−lz aMe-C ®LX¡l fÜ¢a¢V ü¡i¡¢hL j¡−e ®f±¢R−hz

qL J h¡¢a−ml pwOoÑ A¢eh¡kÑ ®Le? c¤¢eu¡u ka eh£ J l¡p¤m H−p−Re a¡−cl phC à£−e qL L¡−uj Ll¡l c¡¢uaÅC f¡me L−l ®N−Rez ®k ®c−n à£−e qL L¡−uj ¢Rm e¡ ®pM¡−e AhnÉC h¡¢am L¡−uj ¢Rm qL L¡−u−jl ®Qø¡ Ll−m h¡¢a−ml fr ®b−L h¡d¡ Bp¡C ü¡i¡¢hLz L¡le qL J h¡¢am HLC p¡−b Q¡m¤ b¡L−a f¡−l e¡z B−m¡ J AåL¡−ll pq AhÙÛ¡e Apñhz a¡C kMeC ®L¡e eh£ q−Ll c¡Ju¡a ¢c−u−Re aMeC h¡¢am h¡d¡ ¢c−u−Rz HLj¡œ Bcj(Bx) Hl pju ®L¡e j¡e¤oC ¢Rm e¡, h¡d¡ ®c−h ®L? Bl p¤m¡uj¡e (Bx) a¡l ¢fa¡ c¡Ec (Bx) Hl fТa¢ùa Cpm¡j£ l¡−øÌl f¢lQ¡mL ¢R−me h−m a¡−L h¡d¡ ®cu¡l j−a¡ ®L¡e h¡¢am n¢š² ¢RmC e¡z q−Ll BJu¡k ®k L¡−mj¡−u a¡C−uh¡l j¡lg−a fum¡ ®d¡oe¡ Ll¡ qu a¡l j−dÉ Bõ¡−L Cm¡q ü£L¡l Ll¡l f§−hÑ m¡Cm¡q¡ h−m pjÙ¹ h¡¢am−L Aü£L¡l Ll¡ quz pj¡−S Cm¡q h¡ j¢eh h¡ ýL¤j LaÑ¡l c¡h£c¡l h¡¢am n¢š² L¡−uj B−R h−mC fum¡ h¡¢am−L Aü£L¡l Ll¡ clL¡l quz h¡¢am−L je-jN−k L¡−uj ®l−M qL−L ü£L¡l Ll¡ AbÑq£ez a¡C fue¡ m¡-Cm¡q¡ h−m pjÙ¹ h¡¢am Cm¡q−L Aü£L¡l L−l Cõ¡õ¡ý h−m HLj¡œ Bõ¡q−L Cm¡q ¢q−p−h NÊqe Ll¡ quz - ®k a¡…a−L Aü£L¡l Llm Hhw Bõ¡q fТa Dj¡e Bem ®p-C jkh¤a l‹¤ d¡le L−l−Rz ( h¡L¡l¡ -256, Bu¡a¤m L¤lp£) a¡…a AaÑ q−m¡ Bõ¡q ¢h−â¡q£ n¢š²z L¡−gl Bõ¡−L Aü£L¡l L−l j¡œz ¢L¿º a¡…a j¡e¤p−L Bõ¡q c¡paÅ Ll−a h¡d¡ ®cu Hhw Bõ−L h¡c ¢c−u a¡l Be¤NaÉ Ll−a h¡dÑ L−lz ¢gl¡Ee Hj¢e dl−el a¡…a ¢Rm h−mC p¤p¡ (Bx)-®L ¢gl¡E−el ¢eLV f¡W¡h¡l pju Bõ¡q hm−me, - ¢gl¡E−el L¡−R k¡J, ¢eÕQuC ®p ¢h−â¡q L−l−Rz (e¡−ku¡a - 17) Cpm¡j ¢h−l¡d£ n¢š² HL Lb¡u a¡…az à£−e h¡¢am a¡…a£ n¢š²lC e¡jz L¡−mj¡−u a¡C−uh¡lu fÐb−jC a¡…a h¡ h¡¢am n¢š²l ¢hl¦−Ü ¢h−â¡q ®d¡oe¡ L−l hm¡ qu ®k, m¡-Cm¡q¡ h¡ ®L¡e ýL¤j LaÑ¡−L j¡¢ e¡z AeÉ ph LaÑ¡−L Aü£L¡l Ll¡l flC Cõ¡m¡q h−m Bõ¡−L HLj¡œ Cm¡q ¢qp¡−h ü£L¡l Ll¡ quz p¤al¡w Cpm¡−jl fÐbj Lb¡C h¡¢a−ml ¢hl¦−Ü ¢h−â¡qz H L¡l−eC L¡−mj¡l c¡−u¡a ®e−k ®k eh£C H−p−Re a¡…a h¡ h¡¢am a¡−L ü¡i¡¢hLi¡−hC c¤nje j−e L−l ¢e−u−Rz Bõ¡q f¡L k¡−cl−L eh£ J l¡p§l ¢q−p−h h¡R¡C L−l−Re a¡l h¡C ¢eS ¢eS ®c−n pv, ¢hnÄ¡p£, paÉh¡c£ J AeÉ¡eÉ k¡ha£u j¡e¢hL …−el L¡l−e Se¢fÐu ¢R−mez à£−e q−Ll c¡Ju¡a ®cu¡l f§hÑ fkÑ¿¹ ®no eh£J Bm-Bj£e J Bp-p¡−cL h−m fÐnw¢pa ¢R−mez ¢L¿º Bõ¡q c¡paÅ L−l J a¡…a−L hÉ¡N Ll (e¡qm - 36) h−m c¡Ju¡a ®cu¡l fl eh£l p¡−b a¡…−al pwOo e¡ q−uC f¡−l e¡z eh£l c¡Ju¡a ö−eC ejl¦c, ¢gl¡Ee J Bh¤ ®S−qml¡ h¤T−a f¡lm ®k, a¡l¡ ®cn−L ®k BC−e n¡pe Ll−R J pj¡S−L ®k e£¢a−a Q¡m¡−µR, a¡ hc¢m−u eh£ ea¤e ®L¡e hÉhÙÛ¡ Q¡m¤ Ll−a Q¡ez ¢gl¡Ee Øfø hmm x C¢j BnwL¡ L¢l ®k, (j¤p¡) −a¡j¡−cl à£e−L hc¢m−u ®c−hz (j¤¢je - 26) k¡l¡ ®cn n¡pe L−l a¡l¡ BCe -L¡e¤e Hjei¡−hC h¡e¡u k¡−a n¡pL ®nÐe£l ü¡bÑ ¢WL b¡−Lz SeNZ−L −n¡oe L−l n¡pL−N¡ù¢l fСd¡eÉ hS¡u l¡M¡l Ef−k¡N£ BCe J AbÑhÉhÙÛ¡C Q¡m¤ l¡M¡ quz j¡eh l¢Qa BC−el °h¢nøÉC HV¡, p¤al¡w fÐQ¢ma pjS J l¡øÌ -hÉhÙÛ¡ hq¡m l¡M¡C n¡pL−cl ü¡bÑz H S−eÉC H−cl−L L¡−uj£ ü¡bÑ L¡−uj b¡−L a¡l¡C L¡−uj£ ü¡bÑ

kMeC ®L¡e eh£ Bõ¡l c¡p−aÅl c¡Ju¡a ¢c−u−Re aMeC H L¡−uj£ ü¡bÑ HV¡−L a¡−cl ü¡−bÑl ¢h−l¡d£ h−m h¤T−a ®f−l−Rz ®p L¡l−eC a¡l¡ h¡d¡ ®cu¡ kl¦l£ j−e L−l−Rz öd¤ l¡S¯e¢aL J Abѯe¢aL n¢š²C eu, p¡j¡¢SL J dj£Ñu ü¡bÑJ eh£−cl−L pqÉ L−l¢ez ChÊ¡q£j (Bx) Hl ¢fa¡ Bkl dj£Ñu ®ea¡ ¢Rmz ejl¦−cl clh¡−l a¡l l¡Sf¤−l¡¢q−al jkÑ¡c¡ ¢Rmz d−jÑl hÉhp¡ ¢e−u ejl¦−cl Ad£−e p¤−MC ¢Rmz ChÊ¡q£j (Bx) Hl c¡Ju¡−a Bk−ll dj£Ñu L¡−uj£ ü¡−bÑ BO¡a m¡Nmz ®no eh£ Bn¡ L−l¢R−me ®k, Cu¡ýc£ J e¡p¡l¡−cl Jm¡j¡ J f£−ll¡ (L¤lB−el i¡o¡u Bqh¡l J lqh¡e) qu−a¡ ay¡l c¡Ju¡a pq−SC Lh¤m Ll−hz L¡le Bõ¡q, B−Ml¡a, eh£, Jq£ CaÉ¡¢cl p¡−b a¡l¡ B−NC f¢l¢Qaz ¢L¿º ®cM¡ ®Nm ®k, l¡p¤m (px) Hl p¡−b kMe j‚¡l l¡S¯e¢aL J Abѯe¢aL L¡−uj£ ü¡−bÑl pwOoÑ h¡ydm aMe I Bqh¡l J l¦qh¡e−cl djÑ£u ü¡bÑ J a¡−cl−L Bh¤ ®S−q−m−cl p¡−bC pq−k¡N£a¡ Ll−a h¡dÉ Llmz Hi¡−hC qL J h¡¢a−ml pwOoÑ BhnÉC A¢eh¡kÑ Hhw q−Ll ¢hl¦−Ü pLm fÐL¡l L¡−uj£ ü¡bÑ HL−S¡V q−uC ¢h−l¡¢da¡ L−l b¡−Lz ®LE fÐnÀ a¤m−a f¡−le ®k, j¤p¢mj fÐd¡e ®c−n j¤p¢mj n¡pL−cl p¡−b Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el H dl−el ¢h−l¡d qh¡l L¡le ¢L? j¤p¢mj e¡jd¡l£ q−mC p¢aÉL¡l pm¡jfeU£ q−u k¡u e¡z Cu¡k£c j¤p¢mj n¡pLC ¢Rmz ¢L¿º Cpm¡j£ Bc−nÑl d¡lL Cj¡e ýp¡Ce (l¡x) ®L Cu¡k£c pqÉ Ll−a f¡−l¢ez H−c−n j¤p¢mj e¡jd¡l£ e¡¢Ù¹L, djÑ-¢el−fra¡h¡c£ L¢jE¢eØV J ®p¡p¡¢mØV hý ®ea¡ J cm B−R k¡l¡ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el Qlj c¤njez Bpm hÉ¡f¡l q−m¡ L¡−uj£ ü¡−bÑl ¢h−l¡¢da¡z k¡l¡ −L¡e ¢cL ¢c−u fÐQ¢ma pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡u p¤¢hd¡ ®i¡N Ll−R a¡l¡ kMe h¤T−a f¡−l ®k, Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me ¢hSY£ q−m ®k dl−el BCe-L¡e¤e J pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡ Q¡m¤ q−h a¡−a a¡−cl haÑj¡e fТa¢ùa ü¡bÑ eØV q−h aMeC a¡l¡ H B−¾c¡m−el nœ¤ q−u k¡uz ®k h¡¢am n¢š² à£−e qL L¡−u−jl fb h¡d¡ pª¢ø L−l a¡ c¤ dl−el q−u b¡−L z fÐd¡e h¡¢am n¢š² q−m¡ plL¡l£ rja¡p£e n¢š²z l¡øÊ£u rja¡ k¡−cl q¡−a b¡−L a¡l¡ CL¡j¡−a à£−el B−¾c¡me−L ¢LR¤−aC pqÉ Ll−a f¡−l e¡z A¯epm¡j£ pj¡−S rja¡p£e hÉ¢š² h¡ c−ml ®eaª−aÅ Cm¡j£ pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡ −k Q¡m¤ q−a f¡−l e¡ ®p Lb¡ a¡l¡ i¡i¡−hC S¡−ez Cpm¡j£ l¡−øÌ a¡−cl ®aeªaÅ hq¡m b¡L¡l ®L¡e pñhe¡C ®eCz a¡C a¡−cl A¢Ù¹−al ü¡−bÑC a¡l¡ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el ¢h−l¡d£z pj¡−S Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el ¢h−l¡d£ BlJ HL dl−el n¢š² l−u−R k¡l¡ pl¡p¢l h¡¢am n¢š²l j−dÉ NeÉ e¡ q−mJ qL J h¡−a−ml pwO−oÑ a¡l q−Ll f−r p¢œ²u qe e¡z fÐaÉr h¡ f−l¡ri¡−h a¡l¡ h¡¢a−ml p¡−bC pq−k¡¢Na¡ L−lez h¡¢a−ml ¢hl¦−Ü juc¡−e k¡l¡ p¢œ²u eu a¡l¡ I pwO−oÑ ®no fkÑ¿¹ ¢el−fr b¡L−a f¡−le e¡z Hje¢L à£−el M¡−cj q−uJ H S¡a£u i¤¢jL¡ f¡me Ll−a h¡dÉ qez CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡¢uaÅ f¡me Ll¡l ¢qÇja k¡l¡ L−le e¡ a¡l¡ HL fkÑ¡−u h¡¢a−mlC pq¡uL fÐj¡¢ea qez

࣢e ®Mcj−al p¡−b H pwOoÑ qu e¡®Le? ®k ®c−n à£−e qL L¡−uj ®eC ®pM¡−e CL¡j¡−a à£−el L¡S h¡ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¤me Q¡m¡−m L¡−uj£ ü¡bÑ AhnÉC h¡d¡ ®c−hz Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me−L à£−e h¡¢a−ml SeÉ r¢aLl J Bf¢šLl j−e Ll¡C ü¡i¡¢hLz k¢c L¡−uj£ ü¡bÑ ®L¡e Cpm¡j£ ®Mcja−L ¢hfcSeL j−e e¡ L−l a¡q−m h¤T−a q−h ®k, I ®Mcja kaC j§mÉh¡e ®q¡L a¡ CL¡j¡−a à£−el B−¾c¡me euz j¡â¡p¡pj¤q ¢exp−¾c−q à£−el ¢hl¡V ®Mcjaz ¢L¿º j¡cJ¡p¡l ®X c¡Ju¡a J LjÑp§Q£ a¡ h¡¢am plL¡l J pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡−L EvM¡a Ll−h h−m L¡−uj£ ü¡bÑ j−e L−l e¡z c¤¢eu¡l ph ®Q−u hs j¡â¡p¡ i¡l−al ®cJh−¾c Ah¢ÙÛaz i¡la plL¡l I j¡cJ¡p¡−L ®p ®c−nl BCe, n¡pe J plL¡−ll SeÉ r¢aLl j−e L−l e¡z 1980 p¡−ml j¡QÑ j¡−p ®cJh¾c j¡â¡p¡l nahoÑ f§¢aÑ Efm−r HL ¢hl¡V B¿ºS¡Ñ ¢aL p−Çjme quz i¡l−al fÐd¡ej¿»£ C¢¾cl¡ N¡å£ I p−Çjm−e hš²ªa¡ L−l−Rez C¢¾cl¡ plL¡l ®cJh¾c j¡â¡p¡l c¡Ju¡a J LjÑp§Q£−L ®p ®c−nl pj¡S J l¡øÌ hÉhÙÛ¡l SeÉ ®L¡e fÐL¡l r¢aL¡lL j−e L−le¢ez à£−el ¢hl¡V ®Mcja ¢qp¡−h ®cJh¾c j¡â¡p¡ pq Bj−cl ®c−nl ®R¡V hs ph j¡â¡p¡l ¢eLVC j¤p¢mj S¡¢a Lªa‘z H ®Mcj−al …l¦aÅ ®L¡e j¤p¢mjC Aü£L¡l Ll−a f¡−l e¡z H ph j¡âp¡ ¢eÕQuC Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el pq¡uLz B−¾c¡m−el ®k¡NÉ hý B−mj H ph j¡â¡p¡ ®b−L H−p−Rez ¢L¿º j¡â¡p¡…−m¡ ¢e−Sl¡ fÐaÉri¡−h CL¡j¡−a à£−el B−¾c¡me Q¡m¡−µR e¡z

®aj¢ei¡−h a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡a à£−el HL jq¡e ®Mcj−al B”¡j ¢c−µRz H S¡j¡u¡a p¡l¡ c¤¢eu¡uC ¢hf¤m pwMÉL ®m¡L−L Bõ¡q, l¡p¤m J B−Ml¡aj£M£ h¡e¡−µRz H S¡j¡u¡−al ®L¾cÐ i¡l−al ¢cõ£−a Ah¢ÙÛaz H ¢hnÄ S¡j¡u¡−al Bj£lJ i¡l−al e¡N¢lLz ¢L¿º H S¡j¡u¡a−L ®L¡e ®c−nl plL¡lC a¡−cl SeÉ r¢aLl j−e L−l e¡z Hje ¢L Q£e J l¡¢nu¡−a fkÑ¿¹ H S¡j¡u¡a−L ®k−a h¡d¡ ®cu¢ez H jq¡e S¡j¡u¡−al E¢pm¡u L¢jE¢eØV ®c−nJ L¡−mj¡-e¡j¡−kl fuN¡j Hhw Bõ¡q, l¡p¤m J B−Ml¡−al c¡Ju¡a ®f±R−a f¡l−R HV¡ M¤hC Be−¾cl Lb¡z HV¡−L ®R¡V ®Mcja j−e Ll¡ AeÉ¡u ¢L¿º a¡hm£−Nl à¡l¡ ka hs ࣢e ®McjaC ®q¡L H S¡j¡u¡−al c¡Ju¡a J LjÑp§Q£−aC CL¡j¡−a à£−el ®L¡e f¢lLÒfe¡ ®eCz j¤p¢mj pwMÉ¡mO¤ ®cn--- Hje ¢L L¢jE¢eø ®c−nJ H S¡j¡u¡a−L L¡S Ll−a q−µRzp¤al¡w h¡¢a−ml p¡−b pwOoÑ H¢s−u à£−el ®Mcja Ll¡l kaV¤L¤ p¤−k¡N ®eu¡ pñh aaV¤LC¤ H S¡j¡u¡a ¢e−µRz p¡−s Q¡l hRl jefСZ m¡¢N−u H S¡j¡u¡−a L¡S Ll¡l Bj¡l ®p±i¡NÉ q−u−Rz Hj,H,fl£r¡ ¢c−uC ¢ae ¢Qõ¡u (Q¡l j¡p) HLV¡e¡H S¡j¡u¡−al p¡−b b¡L¡ L¡−mC ¢e−Sl S£he−L Cpm¡−jl SeÉ EvpNÑ Ll¡l Skh¡ J ®fÐlZ¡ ®h¡d L¢lz p¤al¡w Bj¡l S£h−e a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al ¢hl¡V Ahc¡e−L ®L¡e ¢ceC i¤mh e¡ z H L¡l−eC a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al p¡−b Bj¡l jqîa ü¡i¡¢hLi¡−hC Ni£l J ÙÛ¡u£z h¡wm¡−c−nl a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al ®eaªÙÛ¡e£u ph¡C−L B¢j A¿¹l ®b−L jqîa L¢lz L¡lZ HL p¡−b L−uL hRl HL S¡j¡u¡−a L¡S Ll¡l c¡l¦e hÉ¢š²Nai¡−h a¡−cl CMm¡p H œL¡NËa¡ pÇf−LÑ Bj¡l p¢WL d¡lZ¡ qh¡l p¤−k¡N q−u−Rz a¡−cl L¡E−L B¢j A¿¹−l Bj£l, a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡a, h¡wm¡−cnz ®LE Bj¡l nÐÜ¡i¡Se ࣢e j¤l¦î£ k¡l L¡R ®b−L Cpm¡−jl SeÉ S£he−L EvpNÑ Ll¡l ®fÐlZ¡ ®f−u¢R--®kje C¢”¢eu¡l Bë¤m j¤L£a i¡Cz ®eaªÙÛ¡e£u−cl j−dÉ ®hn L−uLSe B−Re k¡−cl−L O¢eø pqLjÑ£ J jqî−al hå¤ ¢q−p−h ®f−u¢Rm¡jz Bj¡l Iph EÙ¹¡c,j¤l¦î£ J hå¤−cl ®Mcj−a AaÉ¿¹ cl−cl p¡−b BL¤m B−hce S¡e¡C k¡−a a¡−cl ®eaª−aÅ f¢lQ¡¢ma H jq¡e S¡j¡u¡a pÇf−LÑ H ®c−nl j¤pmj¡e−cl j−dÉ ®LE ®L¡e i¤m d¡le¡l pª¢ø Ll−a e¡ f¡−lz ®LE ®LE a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al L¡S−L ýhý l¡p§mõ¡q (px) Hl f¢lQ¡¢ma Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me h−m fÐQ¡l L−l b¡−Lez haÑj¡e L¡−ml j¡â¡p¡…−m¡−a L¤lBe J q¡c£−plC ¢nr¡ q−µRz ¢L¿º a¡C h−m ®LE k¢c j−e L−l ®k, l¡p§m (px) H dl−el j¡â¡p¡C L¡−uj L−l¢R−me a¡q−m HV¡ i¤m q−hz ¢WL ®aj¢e a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al L¡S à¡l¡ à£−el hs ®Mcja qJu¡ p−šÆJ H d¡le¡ pª¢ø q−a ®cu¡ E¢Qa eu −k, ¢WL HaV¤L¤ LjÑp§Q£ ¢e−uC l¡p§m (px) CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡¢uaÅ f¡me L−l¢R−mez à£e Cpm¡j−L ¢hSu£ Ll¡l ®k L¢We J pwNË¡j f§ZÑ B−¾c¡me Bõ¡l l¡p§m (px) f¢lQ¡me¡ L−l¢R−me Hhw ®k LjÑp§Q£ ¢e−u ¢a¢e h¡Ù¹−h à£e−L L¡−uj L−l ®N−Re ¢WL ®p B−¾c¡m−el LjÑp§Q£C k¢c a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡a NËqe Ll−a¡ a¡q−m ¢he¡ h¡d¡u Hhw h¡¢a−ml p¡−b −L¡e pwOoÑ R¡s¡ Hi¡−h ph ®c−n L¡S Ll¡l p¤−k¡N ®f−a¡ e¡z c¤¢eu¡l à£−el h¤¢eu¡c£ ¢nr¡−L ®f±R¡h¡l fСb¢jL LaÑhÉ f¡m−el ®k LjÑp§Q£ H S¡j¡u¡−a NËqe L−l−R a¡−a pwOoÑ H¢s−u Qm−a q−m haÑj¡e LjÑp§Q£C p¢WLz ¢L¿º Bõ¡l à£e−L c¤¢eu¡l ¢hSu£ J L¡−uj Ll¡l SeÉ HV¤L¤ LjÑp§Q£ ®k ®L¡eœ²−jC k−bø eu ®p Lb¡ ph¡lC h¤T−a q−hz k¢c HV¤L¤ c¡Ju¡a J LjÑp§Q£−LC l¡p§m (px) Hl B−¾c¡me h−m d¡le¡ pª¢ø qu a¡q−m H S¡j¡u¡a à¡l¡ à£−el ®k f¢lj¡e ®Mcja q−µR a¡l ®Q−u ®hn£ f¢lj¡−e à£−el r¢al BnwL¡ l−u−Rz k¡−cl j−dÉ H i¤m d¡le¡l pª¢ø q−u−R a¡−cl BQlZ −b−LC H r¢al dle J f¢lj¡e pÇf−LÑ Ae¤j¡e Ll¡ k¡uz k¡l¡ a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al Ru Ep¤m ¢h¢nø LjÑp§Q£ J H S¡j¡u¡−al LjÑfÜ¢a−L (a¡l£−L L¡l) l¡p§m(px) Hl j‚£ S£h−el ࣢e c¡Ju¡−al Ae¤l©f h−m j−e L−le Hhw HV¤L¤ L¡−Sl j¡dÉ−j Bõ¡l kj£−e Bõ¡l à£e L¡−uj q−u k¡−h h−m Bn¡ L−le a¡−cl j−dÉ L−uL¢V i¤m d¡le¡ p¤¢ø qJu¡C ü¡i¡¢hL; HL x fÐbja x a¡l¡ Cpm¡j−L öd¤ dj£Ñu ®r−œC p£j¡hÜ j−e Ll−hz S£h−el pLm ®r−œl SeÉC Cpm¡j ®k ¢hd¡e ¢c−u−R a¡l ®L¡e fÊ−u¡SeC j−e Ll−h e¡z Cpm¡−jl AbÑe£¢a,BCe,l¡Se£¢a a¡−cl ¢eLV AfÐ−u¡Se£uC j−e q−hz c¤C x Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ J Cpm¡j£ plL¡l L¡−u−jl B−¾c¡me−L a¡l¡ c¤¢eu¡c¡l£ L ¡S j−e Ll−h Hhw k¡l¡ H L¡S L−l a¡−cl−L rja¡l ®m¡i£ h−mC d¡le¡ Ll−hz ¢aex h¡¢a−ml p¡−b pwOoÑ H¢s−u à£e L¡−u−jl d¡le¡ a¡−cl j−dÉ Hje j−e¡i¡h pª¢ø Ll−h ®k, h¡¢am Cpm¡−jl kaV¤L−¤ a Bf¢š L−l e¡ aaV¤L¤ Cpm¡j ¢e−uC a¡l¡ p¾p¤ø b¡L−hz

Q¡l x H d¡le¡l g−m à£−el Bl ka fÐL¡l ®Mcja B−R ®p ph−L a¤µR ‘¡e Ll−hz öd¤ a¡hm£NC à£−el L¡S h−m j−e q−h Hhw AeÉ¡eÉ à£¢e ®Mcj−al j§mÉ h¤Th¡l −k¡NÉa¡C a¡−cl b¡L−h e¡z f¡yQ x ¢ehÑ¡Q−el pju J S¡a£u ®m¡−Ll¡ Cpm¡j ¢h−l¡d£ ®m¡L−L −i¡V ¢c−aJ Bf¢š Ll−h e¡z hlw Cpm¡−jl BCe Q¡m¤ Ll¡l c¡h£−a k¡l¡ l¡Se£¢a L−l a¡−cl−L a¡l¡ AfR¾c Ll−hz Cpm¡−jl e¡−j l¡Se£¢a Ll¡−L a¡l¡ ®c¡oe£u j−e Ll¡l L¡l−e ®i¡−Vl ®hm¡u a¡l¡ I ph ®m¡L−LC ®i¡V ® c−h k¡l¡ Cpm¡−jl Lb¡ h−mC e¡z Ru x a¡−cl H d¡le¡J q−a f¡−l −k, a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡a Hje p¤¾cl L¡uc¡u à£e Cpm¡j−L L¡−uj Ll¡l ®Qø¡ Ll−R ®k, Cpm¡−jl c¤njel¡ ®VlC f¡−µR e¡z Hje QjvL¡l ®qLj−al p¡−b L¡S Ll¡ q−µR −k, Cpm¡j ¢h−l¡d£l¡ h¡d¡ ®ch¡l ®L¡e Ef¡uC a¡m¡n L−l f¡−QR e¡z H lLj d¡le¡ q−m a¡ L−a¡ j¡l¡aÁL! Bõ¡q f¡L ¢L eh£-®cl ®L Hje ®Mcja ®nM¡−a f¡l−me e¡ , k¡−a a¡l¡ a¡hm£−Nl j−a¡ ¢he¡ h¡d¡u L¡S Ll−a f¡l−aez eh£Ne ¢L a¡q−m Ha k¤m¤j AaÉ¡Q¡l AebÑLC pqÉ Ll−me? ®LE hm−a f¡−l ®k, eh£l¡ L¡−gl−cl j−dÉ c¡Ju¡a ¢c¢µR−me h−mC h¡d¡ ®f−u−Rez A¡l a¡hm£N j¤pmj¡e−cl jdÉC L¡S Ll−R h−m h¡d¡ −eCz j¤pmj¡e−cl−L hÉ¢š²Nai¡−h i¡−m¡ j¤pmj¡e h¡e¡h¡l ®Qø¡ Ll−m h¡¢am ®b−L h¡d¡ Bp−h ®Le? ¢L¿º ®c−nl BCe,n¡pe J pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡ f¢lhaÑ−el c¡Ju¡a J LjÑp§Q£ ¢e−u L¡S Ll−m j¤p¢mj e¡jd¡l£ n¡pL n¢š² Aj¤p¢mj−cl j−a¡C h¡d¡ −chz H ph BnwL¡l L¡l−eC a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al c¡¢uaÅn£m−cl ®Mcj−a Ha Lb¡ Blk Ll−a h¡dÉ qm¡jz a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡a CL¡j¡−a à£−el B−¾c¡me euz H S¡j¡u¡a à£−el jq¡ j§mÉh¡e ®Mcj−al HL ¢hnÄ−S¡s¡ B−¾c¡mez a¡hm£N pÇf−LÑ H d¡le¡C B¢j p¢WL h−m j−e L¢lz a¡hm£−Nl c¡Ju¡a J LjÑp§Q£−L l¡p§m (px) Hl Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el j−a¡C f§e¡‰Ñ h−m d¡le¡ qJu¡V¡ Cpm¡j£ S£he-¢hd¡−el SeÉ j¡l¡aÁL r¢aLl q−hz Hl g−m ¢hnÄ eh£−L j¡œ HLSe dj£u ®ea¡ ¢qp¡−h j−e Ll¡ q−hz Bõ¡q f¡L H S¡a£u i¤m d¡le¡ ®b−L j¤p¢mj S¡¢a−L lr¡ Ll¦ez fТa hRl a¡hm£−Nl ®k ¢hl¡V ¢hnÄ-HS−aj¡ VwN£l ¢hÙ¹£ZÑ HL juc¡−e Ae¤¢ùa qu a¡−a ¢h¢iæ pju 15 ®b−L 25 m¡M ®m¡−Ll pj¡Nj quz HV¡ p¢aÉC Evp¡−ql hÉ¡f¡lz B¢jJ H−a nl£L qC Hhw j¤pmj¡e−cl j−dÉ Cpm¡−jl fТa jqî−al H cªnÉ ®c−M ®Q¡M S¤s¡Cz à£−e h¡¢am−L EvM¡a L−l ࣮e qL−L L ¡−uj Ll¡l c¡Ju¡a J LjÑp§Q£ ¢e−u k¢c Hl cni¡−Nl HLi¡N ®m¡LJ HLœ qu a¡q−m H ®c−nl plL¡l J L ¡−uj£ ü¡bÑ A¢ÙÛl q−u ® k−a¡z djÑ ¢el−fr J pj¡Sa¿»£ jqm fœ-f¢œL¡u a¡−cl ¢hl¦−Ü hÉ¡fL ¯q °Q öl¦ Ll−a¡z 1981 p−el ®gl¦Êu¡l£ j¡−p Y¡L¡u HL¢V Cpm¡j£ R¡œ pwNW−el j¡œ 15/20 q¡k¡l Lj£Ñl p−Çjme J ¢j¢Rm pjÙ¹ Cpm¡j ¢h−l¡d£ jq−m Aá§a LÇfe pª¢ø L−l−Rz AbQ I pwNWe¢V ®L¡e l¡S¯e¢aL cm euz a¡l¡ CL¡j¡−a à£−el Lb¡ h−m Hhw Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ L¡−u−jl SeÉ R¡œ pj¡S−L Eà¤Ü L−l h−mC L¡−uj£ ü¡bÑ J h¡¢am n¢š² …−m¡ Ha ¢hQ¢maz pjÙ¹ h¡¢am n¢š² J Cpm¡j ¢h−l¡d£ jqm i¡−m¡ L−lC S¡−e ®k, a¡hm£N ¢eRL J ¢e−iÑS¡m HL¢V dj£Ñu S¡j¡u¡a Hhw l¡Se£¢a, l¡øÌ J plL¡l ¢e−u a¡l¡ j¡b¡ O¡j¡u e¡z p¤al¡w a¡−cl pÇf−LÑ ¢Q¿¹¡-i¡he¡l ®L¡e L¡lZ ®eC Hhw O¡hs¡h¡lJ ®L¡e ®qa¤ ®eCz ¢WL HLC L¡l−e f£l p¡−qh¡e−cl Jln J j¡q¢g−m mr mr j¤pmj¡−el pj¡−hn−L h¡¢am n¢š² iu f¡u e¡z Hph j¡q¢g−m Ju¡S, a¡mL£e J ¢kLl-Hl j¡lg−a Cpm¡−jl ®Mcja ¢eÕQuC q−µRz ¢L¿º ®pM¡−e CL¡j¡−a à£−el ®L¡e LjÑp§Q£ e¡ b¡L¡u Cpm¡j£ ¢h−l¡d£ jqm ¢Q¢¿¹a euz HLb¡V¡ f¢lú¡l Ll¡l SeÉC Ec¡qlZül¦f j¡â¡p¡, a¡hm£N J M¡eL¡l E−õM Llm¡jz ®Mcj−a à£−el p¡−b h¡¢am n¢š²l pwOoÑ qu e¡z HLj¡œ CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡Ju¡a J ®fСNË¡−jl pw−NC H pwOoÑ h¡−dz pjÙ¹ eh£l S£h−eC H Lb¡ paÉ h−m ®cM¡ ¢N−u−Rz

L¤lBe jS£−c ka eh£ J l¡p§−ml Lb¡ B−m¡Qe¡ q−u−R a¡−a ®cM¡ k¡u ®k, pjL¡m£e rja¡p£e n¢š² J dj£Ñu L¡−uj£ ü¡bÑ ®L¡e eh£−LC hlc¡na Ll−a f¡−l¢ez öd¤ qkla Bcj (Bx) J qkla p¤m¡uj¡e (Bx) R¡s¡ Bl ph eh£l p¡−bC h¡¢am n¢š²l pwOoÑ q−u−Rz CL¡j¡−a à£−el LjÑp§Q£ ¢e−u L¡S Ll¡u k¢c eh£−cl−LC h¡¢a−ml p¡−b pwOoÑ Ll−a q−u b¡−L a¡q−m eh£l EÇj¡−al f−r H pwOoÑ H¢s−u Cpm¡j−L L¡−uj Ll¡ L£ L−l pñh q−a f¡−l? k¡l¡ h¡¢a−ml p¡−b pwOoÑ H¢s−u Qm¡−L ¢qLj¡a j−e L−le a¡−cl ¢Q¿¹¡ Ll¡ E¢Qa ®k, Bõ¡q f¡L eh£ J l¡p§mNe−L I ¢qLj¡aV¡ ®Le ®nM¡−me e¡? Bõ¡l à£e−L ¢hSu£ Ll¡l E−ŸnÉ k¡l¡ L¡S Ll−a Q¡e a¡l¡ H pwOoÑ H¢s−u Qm¡l Lb¡ i¡h−aC f¡−le e¡z a¡l¡ à£−el ®L¡e e¡ ®L¡e ¢c−Ll ®Mcja AhnÉC Ll−a f¡−le Hhw a¡−cl ®pC ®Mcja CL¡j¡−a à£−el pq¡uLJ q−a f¡−lz ¢L¿º a¡−cl I L¡SV¤L¤ fÐaÉr i¡−h CL¡j¡−a à£−el L¡S q−a f¡−l e¡z a¡−cl IV¤L¤ ®Mcja à¡l¡ à£e L¡−uj q−u k¡−h e¡z à£e L¡−u−jl SeÉ Bm¡c¡ LjÑp§Q£ AhnÉC clL¡lz

Jm¡j¡−u ®Ll¡j ph¡C ""CL¡j¡−a à£−e'' p¢œ²u ee ®Le? H Lb¡ paÉ ®k, h¡wm¡−c−n L−uL mr Jm¡j¡−u ®Ll¡j B−Rez a¡l¡ ¢h¢iæ fÐL¡l ࣢e ®Mcj−a ¢ek¤š² l−u−Rez CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡h£ Ae¤k¡u£ a¡l¡ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−e ph¡C p¢œ²u q−µRe e¡ ®Le--H fÐnÀ AhÉ¿¹l euz c£OÑL¡m B−mj pj¡−Sl Ni£l pwØf−nÑ ®b−L B¢j H fÐ−nÀl SJu¡h a¡m¡n L−l¢Rz Bõ¡q f¡LC p¢WL L¡le S¡−eez ¢L¿ºH fÐnÀ Ha fСpw¢NL ®k,Hl EJl e¡ −f−m j¤p¢mj SeN−el f−r Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el …l¦aÅ p¢WLi¡−h Efm¢Ü Ll¡ pñh q−h e¡z Bj¡l p¡j¡eÉ fkÑ−hr−Zl gm¡gm HM¡−e fÐL¡n Ll−a Q¡Cx HL x Bj¡−cl ®c−nl j¡â¡p¡…−m¡ SeN−el Q¡cy¡l Q−mz ®kph j¡â¡p¡ plL¡l£ p¡q¡kÉ f¡u a¡J A¢a p¡j¡eÉz j¡â¡p¡l Nl£h ¢nrLNe−L j¡â¡p¡l B¢bÑL pjpÉ¡l pj¡d¡−eJ pju Hhw nÐj ¢c−a quz k¡l¡ j¡â¡p¡u fs−a B−p a¡l¡ fСu ph¡C Nl£−hl p¿¹¡ez ¢he¡ Ml−Q h¡ p¡j¡eÉ Ml−Q ú¤m L−m−S fs¡e pñh eu h−m Nl£h−cl SeÉ j¡â¡p¡C HLj¡œ pðmz R¡œ−cl hC-¢La¡h j¡â¡p¡C ®k¡N¡s L−lz Hje¢L A¢dL¡wn ®r−œC R¡œ−cl M¡Ju¡ b¡L¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ j¡â¡p¡l fr ®b−LC Ll−a quz j¤p¢mj n¡pe¡j−m ¢nr¡l MlQ l¡øÌC hqe Llaz haÑj¡−eJ p¡d¡lZ ¢nr¡l (ú¤m, L−mS, ¢hnÄ¢hcÉ¡mu) hÉu i¡−ll fÐd¡e Awn plL¡lC hqe L−lz ¢L¿º j¡â¡p¡ ¢nr¡ Hhw hÉ¢aœ²jz SeN−Zl Q¡yc¡l ¢i¢š−a j¡â¡p¡N¤−m¡ ®k ®h−Qy B−R ®pV¡C Bõ¡l hs ®j−qlh¡e£z H AhÙÛ¡u L¤lBe q¡c£−pl ®k V¤L¤ ®qg¡ka j¡â¡p¡l à¡l¡ q−µR Hl öLÚ¢lu¡ Bc¡u Ll¡J Apñhz a¡C j¡â¡p¡u ¢nr¡l j¡e Hje Eæa qJu¡ pñh eu ®kje qJu¡ E¢Qaz g−m Eæa j¡−el a¡−mj LjC q−µRz c¤C x j¡â¡p¡ ¢nr¡ à¡l¡ c¤¢eu¡l Eæ¢al ®L¡e Bn¡ ®eC h−m de£ ®m¡−Ll¡ ®a¡ j¡â¡p¡u ®R−m−cl f¡W¡uC e¡z Nl£h−clJ ®jd¡h£ ®R−m−cl−L ®hn£l i¡N ú¤m L−m−S f¡W¡uz g−m a¤mej§mL i¡−h i¡−m¡ R¡œ j¡â¡p¡u LjC B−pz k¡l¡ B−p a¡l¡J j¡â¡p¡ f¡n L−l h¡ ®no e¡ L−lC c¤¢eu¡l Q¡−f L−mSj¤M£ q−u f−sz ¢ae x haÑj¡e f¢l−hn k¡l¡C j¡â¡p¡u f−s a¡l¡ Cpm¡−jl jqî−aC f−sz c¤¢eu¡u a¡l¡ ®k hs ¢LR¤ Ll¡l p¤−k¡N f¡−h e¡ ®p Lb¡ a¡l¡ S¡−ez jp¢S−cl Cj¡j, j¡â¡p¡l ¢nrL, hs −S¡l ú¤−ml Blh£ J ࣢eu¡a ¢nrL, ¢L ¢eL¡q-l L¡k£ CaÉ¡¢c p¤−k¡N R¡s¡ hs ¢LR¤ Ll¡ a¡−cl i¡−NÉ S¤V−h e¡ h−m a¡l¡ d−lC −euz H j¡e¢pL AhÙÛ¡ ¢e−u k¡l¡ j¡â¡p¡u fs−a h¡dÉ qu a¡l¡ öd¤ B−Ml¡−al Bn¡C L−l z c¤¢eu¡u Cj¡j J j¤c¡l¢lp ¢q−p−h à£−el ®Mcja Ll¡l ®p±i¡NÉ−L a¡l¡ k−bø j−e Ll−a h¡dÉ quz a¡R¡s¡ j¡â¡p¡l f¢l−hn J S£h−el i¢hoÉa pñ¡he¡ R¡œ−cl j−dÉ ®cn J S¡¢al SeÉ hs ¢LR¤ Ll¡l pwLÒfJ pª¢ø L−l e¡z j¡â¡p¡ f¡n Ll¡l fl Nl£h B−mj−cl l¦k£-®l¡kN¡l pjpÉ¡ hs q−u ®cM¡ −cuz M¤h Lj B−mjC Hje B−Re k¡l¡ ¢eS ¢eS ࣢e ®fn¡l (Cj¡j¢a h¡ ¢nrLa¡) c¡¢uaÅ f¡me L−l Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el SeÉ k−bø pju J nÐj ¢c−a f¡−le Hhw pwNW−el hs c¡¢uaÅ ¢e−a f¡−lez Q¡l x Bl HLV¡ Hje hs L¡lZ l−u−R k¡l g−m Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me A−eL B−m−jl ¢eLV p¢WL …l¦aÅ f¡−µR e¡z

j¡â¡p¡ ¢nr¡u Cpm¡j−L HL¢V ¢hfÔh£ B−¾c¡me ¢q−p−h ®Mn¡h¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ ®eCz öd¤ dj£u ¢nr¡ ¢q−p−hC ®nM¡e quz l¡p§m¤õ¡q (px) j¡eh pj¡S−L ¢Li¡−h f¢lhaÑe Ll−me, L¤lBe ¢Li¡−h 23hRl l¡p§m (px) Hl B−¾c¡me−L f¢lQ¡¢ma L−l−R, −pC L¤lBe J l¡p§−ml S£he (q¡c£p) ®b−L haÑj¡e k¤−N Cpm¡j−L L¡−uj Ll¡l SeÉ ¢L Ll¡ clL¡l, H ph cª¢øiwN£−a j¡â¡p¡u HMe fkÑ¿¹ Cpm¡j£ ¢nr¡ Q¡m¤ qu¢ez g−m a¡l¡ Cpm¡j−L HLV¡ djÑ ¢q−p−hC S¡e−a f¡l−R j¡œz j¡â¡p¡ ¢nr¡l j¡lg−a Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me pÇf−LÑ d¡lZ¡ pª¢ø q−µR e¡z CL¡j¡a à£−el c¡¢uaÅ−h¡dJ ®p L¡l−eC p¤¢ø q−µR e¡z j¡â¡p¡l EÙ¹¡cNe Cpm¡−jl ®k f¢lj¡e ¢nr¡ ¢c−µRe a¡l ®Q−u ®hn£ R¡œl¡ L£ L−l ¢nM−h? ¢L¿º j¡â¡p¡l ®k ®jd¡h£ R¡œl¡ ®c−nl Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me−L h¤T−a f¡l−R a¡ j¡â¡p¡l h¡C−ll ¢nr¡z AhnÉ j¡â¡p¡l R¡œl¡ ®k−qa¤ j¡â¡p¡u L¤lBe J q¡c£−pl ‘¡e f¡u ®p−qa¤ B−¾c¡m−el cª¢øiwN£ ®f−m a¡l¡ Bd¤¢eL ¢n¢ra−cl a¤me¡u A−eL cÊa ¤ B−¾c¡mej¤M£ q−u f−sz Cpm¡j−L HL¢V f¢lf§ZÑ pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡ ¢q−p−h j¡â¡p¡u k¢c ¢nr¡ ®cu¡ q−a¡ a¡q−m B−mj pj¡S S¡a£u hÉ¡f¡−l phÑÙ¹−l Cpm¡j£ ®eaªaÅ ¢c−a prj q−aez f¡Qy x pðhax ph−Q−u hs L¡lZ l¡p¤m−L ®nÐøaj BcnÑ j¡e¡ pÇf−LÑ p¢WL d¡le¡l Ai¡hz CL¡j¡−a à£e−L ®a¡ fÐLa ª f−r B−mj pj¡−Sl S£h−el Bpm LjÑp§Q£ j−e Ll¡ E¢Qaz ¢L¿º ®Le HV¡ qu¢e? Bj¡l d¡lZ¡u Hl j§m L ¡le Bõ¡l l¡p§m (px) ®L EpJu¡a¤e q¡p¡e¡ ¢q−p−h h¡Ù¹−h j¡e¡l Ai¡hz H Ai¡−hlJ L¡le B−Rz j¤p¢mj pj¡−S HLV¡ hs ®l¡N ®cM¡ ¢c−u−R k¡−L ®L¡e ¢cL ¢c−u à£−el hs M¡−cj ¢q−p−h nÐÜ¡ Ll¡ qu a¡−LC fСu EpJu¡a¤e q¡p¡e¡ h¡ ®nÐø BcÑ−nl jk¡Ñc¡ ®cu¡ quz h¤kNÑ h−m j¡e−mC −ke ¢a¢e l¡p¤−ml ÙÛm¡¢i¢oš² h¡ A¿¹a L¡R¡L¡¢R h−m j−e Ll¡ quz a¡C Cpm¡−jl BcnÑ ¢q−p−h ®L¡e B−mj h¡ f£l−L nÐÜ¡ Ll−a ®N−mC a¡−L l¡p§−ml ÙÛm¡¢i¢oš² j−e Ll−a öl¦ L−lz HL¢V Ec¡qle ¢c−mC Lb¡V¡ pqSi¡−h h¤T¡ k¡−hz Efjq¡−c−nl ®k L¢We pju qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ L¡−pj e¡e¤ia ¤ £ (lx) ®cJh−¾c Cpm¡j£ ¢nr¡l B−¾c¡me L−le, aMeL¡l a¡yl H ®Mcja ¢eÕQuC AaÉ¿¹ j§mÉh¡ez a¡yl fТa ®N¡V¡ j¤p¢mj S¡¢a Lªa‘z a¡yl fТa Ni£l nÐÜ¡ ®f¡oe Ll¡J ü¡i¡¢hL z ¢L¿º ®LE k¢c j−e L−l ®k, ¢a¢e ®k ®Mcja L−l−Re Hl ®Q−u ࣢e ®Mcja Bl q−a f¡−l e¡z p¤al¡w a¡lC Ae¤Ll−Z HL¢V j¡â¡p¡ L¡−uj Ll¡C Bj¡l S£h−el E−ŸnÉ -a¡q−m H hÉ¢š² qkla e¡e¤i§i£ (lx) ®L EpJu¡a¤e q¡p¡e¡l jkÑ¡c¡ ¢cm h−m h¤T¡ k¡uz Bõ¡l l¡p§m f§ZÑ à£e−L pj¡−S ¢hSu£ Ll¡l L¡S L−l ®N−me ®p L¡SV¡−L ®Le S£h−el E−ŸnÉ j−e Ll¡ qu e¡? k¢c l¡p§m (px) ®L S£h−el ph hÉ¡f¡−l ®nÐùaj BcnÑ j−e Ll¡ q−a¡ a¡q−m à£−el Bl ph M¡−cjN−el ®Mcja−L l¡p§−ml hÉ¡fL ®Mcj−al HLV¡ Awn j¡œ j−e Ll¡ q−a¡z l¡p§m¤õ¡q (px) p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡j (l¡x) ®L ¢e−k à£−el SeÉ k¡ ¢LR¤ L−l ®N−Re a¡l phV¤L¤ Bj¡−cl AhnÉ LlZ£u LaÑhÉ h−m j−e qu e¡ ®Le? qkla Bhc¤m L¡−cl ¢Sm¡e£ (lx) kaV¤L¤ L−l−Re ®pV¡ l¡p¤−ml L¡−Sl phV¤L¤ euz a¡−L k¢c Bc−nÑl j¡fL¡¢W j−e Ll¡ qu a¡q−m l¡p¤l Bl j¡fL¡¢W b¡L−me ¢L L−l? Bc−nÑl ®k j¡e l¡p§m (px) ®c¢M−u ®N−Re ®pV¡C HLj¡œ ø¡ä¡XÑ h¡ j¡ez ®k ®p j¡−el kaV¤L¤ ®f±R−a f¡l−h e¡ Hhw Bl L¡E−L ®k l¡p§−ml pj¡e j¡−e nÐÜ¡l Bpye ®cu¡ k¡−h e¡ ®p Lb¡ ph¡l j−e f¢lú¡l b¡L−a q−hz

à£−el j¡fL¡¢W HLj¡œ l¡p¤m Bõ¡q f¡L j¡œ l¡p¤m (px)−L EpJu¡a¤e q¡p¡e¡ h¡ à£−el j¡fL¡¢W h¡¢e−u−Rez p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡j l¡p¤−ll ph ®Q−u ®hn£ Ae¤plZ L−l−Re h−mC l¡p§−ml Be¤N−aÉl hÉ¡f¡−l a¡yl¡ ®nÐù BcnÑz ¢L¿º l¡p§m ®kje ¢e−SC BcnÑ p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡j ®p ¢qp¡−h l¡p§−ml pj¡e jkÑ¡c¡l A¢dL¡l£ eez Hje ¢L ph p¡q¡h£J HL j¡−el eez Q¡l Mm£g¡l ph¡C J HL j¡−el eez a¡C à£−el HLj¡œ j¡fL¡¢W l¡p§m Hhw ph¡C−L HLj¡œ l¡p¤m−LC Ae¤plZ Ll¡l ®Qø¡ Ll−a q−hz Bjl¡ p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡j−L L£ SeÉ j¡¢e? a¡−cl−L j¡e¡l SeÉ eu hlw l¡p¤m (px) ®L j¡e¡l E−Ÿ−nÉC a¡−cl−L j¡¢ez l¡p§m (px) ®L Ae¤plZ Ll¡l hÉ¡f¡−l a¡l¡C BcnÑ ÙÛ¡fe L−l−Rez a¡C l¡p§m−L j¡e¡l SeÉC p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡j−L j¡e−a q−hzL¡le h¡ l¡p¤−ml Be¤NaÉ J Ae¤pl−Zl ¢cL ¢c−u p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡jC ®nÐù BcnÑz ¢L¿º l¡p¤m (px) ®k AbÑ BcnÑ B EpJu¡ ®p A−bÑ p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡j EpJu¡ eez l¡p¤m (px) J p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡−jl jk¡Ñc¡ HL q−a f¡−l e¡- H Lb¡¢V AaÉ¿¹ …l¦aÅf§ZÑz

l¡p¤m J p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡−jl j−dÉ a¤me¡ Ll¡l SeÉ HLV¡ pq−S Ec¡qlZ ®cu¡ ®k−a f¡−lz üZÑ My¡¢V ¢L AMy¡¢V q−m L£ f¢lj¡e AMy¡¢V a¡ h¤Th¡l SeÉ HL fÐL¡l f¡b−l O−p S¡e¡ k¡uz I f¡bl−L L¢ØVf¡bl hmz L¢ØVf¡bl q−m¡ j¡ecä h¡ j¡fL¡¢Wz L¢ØVf¡b−l O−o k¢c ü−eÑl ®L¡e V¤Ll¡−L H−Lh¡−l M¡¢V ®p¡e¡ h−mJ S¡e¡ k¡u ah¤J I V¤Ll¡−L L¢ØVf¡bl hm¡ k¡−h e¡z üeÑ L¢ØVf¡bl q−a f¡−l e¡z ¢WL ®aj¢e Bõ¡q l¡p¤mC HLj¡œ L¢ØVf¡blz ®p L¢ØVf¡b−l k¡Q¡C L−lC p¡q¡h¡Ne−L M¡¢V üeÑ h−m S¡e¡ k¡u, ¢L¿º a¡C h−m a¡l¡ ¢e−Sl¡ L¢ØVf¡bl eez p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡−jl S¡j¡u¡a p¡j¢NËLi¡−h M¡¢Vy qJu¡ p−aÅJ hÉ¡¢š² ¢q−p−h ph¡C Bh¡l pj¡e jkÑ¡c¡l eez ®M¡m¡g¡−u l¡−nc¡l jkÑ¡c¡ Bl ph p¡q¡h¡ ®b−L ®hn£z Bh¡l qkla Bh¤ hLl (l¡x)- Hl jkÑ¡c¡ h¡L£ ¢ae Mm£g¡l ®Q−u ®hn£z jkÑ¡c¡l H ®hnL−jl ¢qp¡h ¢Li¡−h Ll¡ q−u−R? H Lb¡ ph¡C−L ü£L¡l Ll−a q−h, H ¢qp¡−hl j¡fL¡¢W HLj¡œ l¡p§m (px)z qkla Ejl (l¡x)- Hl ®Q−u qkla Bh¤ hLl (l¡x)-®L ®nÐø h−m ü£L¡l Ll¡l j¡ecä h¡ j¡fL¡¢W HLj¡œ l¡p§mz l¡p§−ml L¢øf¡b−l k¡Q¡C L−lC H ¢qp¡h ®hl Ll¡ q−u−Rz Bl HL¢V a¤me¡ à¡l¡ H f¡bÑLÉV¡ BlJ f¢lú¡l quz qkla j¤u¡¢hu¡ (lx) p¡q¡h£ qJu¡ p−šÆJ a¡−Ly ®M¡m¡g¡−k l¡−nc¡l j−dÉ NZÉ Ll¡ qu e¡ ®Le? qkla Ejl ¢he Bhc¤m Bo£k (l¡x) ®L ¢àa£u Ejl BMÉ¡ ¢c−u ®M¡m¡g¡−u l¡−nc¡l ¢eLVaj jkÑ¡c¡ ®cu¡ qu ¢Li¡−h? AbQ ¢a¢e p¡q¡h£ ¢R−me e¡z ®L¡e j¡fL¡¢W−a ¢hQ¡l L−l H c¤'S−el hÉ¡f¡−l H a¡lajÉ Ll¡ q−m¡? ¢exp−¾c−q hm¡ k¡u ®k, l¡p¤−ml j¡fL¡¢W−a ¢hQ¡l L−lC EÇj¡a J ¢pÜ¡−¿¹ ®f±−R−Rz Hph k¤¢š² H Lb¡ AaÉ¿¹ h¢mùi¡−h fÐj¡e L−l −k, Bõ¡l l¡p§m (px) C HLj¡œ BcnÑ j¡fL¡¢W Hhw HLj¡œ L¢øf¡blz H L¢øf¡b−l ¢hQ¡l L−lC j¡e¤−ol j−dÉ ®L LaV¤L¤ jkÑ¡c¡ ®f−a f¡−l a¡ ¢eZÑu Ll¡ quz k¢c l¡p§m R¡s¡ BlJ ®L¡e j¡e¤o−L L¢øf¡bl j−e Ll¡ qu Hhw j¡fL¡¢W h−m d¡lZ¡ Ll¡ qu a¡q−m ®p hÉ¢š² ¢eÕQuC l¡p§−ml ®Q−u ¢ejÀj¡−elC q−hz Bõ¡q f¡L l¡p§m R¡s¡ Bl ®L¡e ¢eÇjj¡−el ®m¡L−L EpJu¡ h¡ BcnÑ ®j−e ¢e−a h−me¢ez c§iÑ¡−NÉl ¢hou ®k, l¡p§l (px) ®L Bõ¡q f¡L ®k EpJu¡−u q¡p¡e¡ ¢qp¡−h HLL jkÑ¡c¡ ¢c−u−Re ®p jkÑ¡c¡ AeÉ L¡−l¡ e£¢aNa i¡−h ü£L¡l e¡ Ll−mJ h¡Ù¹−h hs ࣢e hÉ¢š²aÅ−L Hje jkÑ¡c¡ ¢c−u ®gm¡ qu k¡ HLj¡œ l¡p§−mlC fСfÉz l¡p¤m−L Jq£ à¡l¡ f¢lQ¡¢ma Ll¡ qu h−m ¢a¢e ®kje ¢ei§Ñm, AeÉ ®L¡e hÉ¢š² Hje ¢ei§Ñm q−a f¡−l e¡z l¡p§m−L ®kje Aåi¡−h ®j−e ¢e−a qu ®ajei¡−hJ Bl L¡E−L j¡e¡ Q−m e¡z k¤¢š² h¤−T Bp¤L h¡ e¡ Bp¤L l¡p¤−ml ¢e−cÑn ®j−e ®eu¡ ®kje Dj¡−el c¡h£, Bl L¡−l¡ ¢e−cÑ−nl ®p jkÑ¡c¡ q−a f¡−l e¡z l¡p¤m (px) ®kje pj¡−m¡Qe¡l E−dÑ Bl ®LE ®aje euz ¢he¡ k¤¢š²−a l¡p§m−L j¡e¡l SeÉ Bõ¡q ®kje ¢e−cÑn ¢c−u−Re AeÉ L¡−l¡ ®hm¡u ®aje ®L¡e ¢e−cÑn ®ce¢ez ®L¡e ࣢e hÉ¢š²aÅ ka ¢hl¡V ®q¡L, k¢c a¡−L ¢ei§Ñm h−m ¢hnÄ¡p Ll¡ qu, a¡−L Aåi¡−h j¡e¡ qu,a¡−L pj¡−m¡Qe¡l E−dÑ j−e Ll¡ qu, a¡q−m fÐLa ª f−r a¡−L l¡p§−ml pj¡e jkÑ¡c¡ ®cu¡ q−m¡z AbQ jkÑ¡c¡l ¢cL ¢c−u ®LE l¡p¤−ml pj¡e q−a f¡−l e¡z à£e- Cpm¡−jl j§l ¢i¢šC q−m¡ ®a±¢qc J ¢lp¡m¡az Bõ¡l k¡a J ¢pg¡−al ¢cL ¢c−u Bl ®LC Bõ¡l p¡−b a¤me£u euz ®aj¢e Jq£ à¡l¡ f¢lQ¡¢ma qJu¡l cl¦e l¡p§m ®kl©f ¢ei§Ñm ®aje Bl ®LE q−a f¡−l e¡z H SeÉC l¡p§m−L ®kje Aåi¡−h j¡e−a qu ®aje Bl L¡E−L j¡e¡ Q−m e¡z AbÑ¡v EpJu¡a¤e q¡p¡e¡ ¢qp¡−h l¡p¤m HLLz Bl ®LE H f¢Sne ®f−a f¡−le¡z L¡−mj¡−u a¡C−uh¡l j¡dÉ−j H A−bÑC Bjl¡ ®a±¢qc J ¢lp¡m¡−al ü£Lª¢a ¢c−u b¡¢Lz k¢c l¡p¤m−L HLj¡œ BcnÑ j−e Ll¡ q−a¡ Hhw l¡p§−ml S£he−L f§ZÑl©−f Ae¤plZ Ll¡−L Cpm¡j£ S£h−el mr j−e Ll¡ q−a¡ a¡q−m CL¡j¡−a à£−el pwNË¡j h¡ ¢Sq¡c ¢g p¡h£¢mõ¡q-®L AhnÉ LaÑhÉ j−e Ll¡ q−a¡z Cpm¡j£ BCe Q¡m¤ Ll¡l ®Qø¡ h¡ Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ L¡−u−jl B−¾c¡me e¡ Ll−m l¡p¤m−L ®k p¢aÉL¡li¡−h Ae¤plZ Ll¡ qu e¡ H Lb¡ h¤T−a Ap¤¢hd¡ q−a¡ e¡z l¡p§m (px) R¡s¡J hs B−mj, f£l h¡ h¤kÑN−L BcnÑ j−e Ll¡l L¡l−eC ®LE j¡â¡p¡l j¡dÉ−j à£−el ®Mcja Ll¡−LC k−bø j−e L−le,®LE Ju¡k L−lC à£−el c¡¢uaÅ f¡me q−m¡ h−m d¡lZ¡ L−le, ®LE Cj¡j¢a−aC p¿ºø B−Rez k¢c l¡p¤m (px) ®L HLj¡œ BcnÑ j−e Ll−ae a¡q−m HV¤L¤ ®Mcja Ll¡l flJ à£e−L ¢hSu£ Ll¡l SeÉ ®f− ln¡e q−aez a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al c¡¢uaÅn£m j¤l¦¢îNe k¢c l¡p¤m (px) Hl CL¡j¡a à£−el B−¾c¡me−L Bpm BcnÑ j−e L−le a¡q−m H

S¡j¡u¡−al fТaù¡a¡ qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ C¢mu¡p (lx) Hl l¢Qa Ru Ep¤−ml LjÑp§Q£−a fСb¢jL ®Mcja h−mC d¡le¡ Ll−hez a¡q−m a¡hm£−Nl haÑj¡e LjÑp§Q£−LC ýhý l¡p§−ml f¢lQ¡¢ma B−¾c¡me h−m ®LE j−e Ll−h e¡z ¢L¿º l¡p¤m (px) k¢c ®nÐù BcnÑ j−e L−l a¡l l¢Qa LjÑp§Q£®LC Cpm¡−jl Q§s¡¿¹ LjÑp§Q£ h−m ®LE j−e Ll−a f¡−lz "" EpJu¡a¤l q¡p¡e¡'' ¢qp¡−h l¡p¤m (px) Hl jk¡Ñc¡−L p¢WLi¡−h h¤Th¡l SeÉ BlJ HLV¡ Ec¡qlZ ¢h−no pq¡uL q−a f¡−lz L−mS CE¢ei¡l¢p¢V J j¡â¡p¡l R¡œ−cl f¡WÉp§Q£ pÇf−LÑ ®k ¢p−mh¡p h¡ ®ep¡l lQe¡ Ll¡ qu ®pM¡−e ®b−LC g¡Ce¡m fl£r¡l fÐnÀ °au¡l quz k¢c R¡œl¡ I ¢p−mh¡p pð−å M¤h pS¡N e¡ b¡−L Hhw ¢nrLl¡ ¢p−mh¡p phV¤L¤ k¡−a fs¡e ®p¢c−L k¢c R¡œl¡ mrÉ e¡ l¡−M Hhw ¢p−mh¡p k¢c phV¤L¤ fs¡ e¡ qu a¡q−m fl£r¡u f¡n qh¡l Bn¡ ¢LR¤−aC Ll¡ k¡u e¡z R¡œl¡ ¢nr−Ll fТa ka nÐÜ¡C ®cM¡L, ¢p−mh¡p fs¡ h¡L£ b¡L−m fl£r¡u i¡m gm LMeJ q−h e¡z −L¡e ¢nrL k¢c ¢p−mh¡−pl öd¤ pqS AwnV¤L¤ fs¡u Hhw L¢We Awn h¡c ®cu a¡q−m R¡œ ka i¡mC ®q¡L fl£r¡u i¡m g−ml Bn¡ Ll¡ k¡u e¡z Bõ¡q f¡L B−Ml¡−al fl£r¡u L¡¢ju¡h£l SeÉ l¡p§m (px) Hl ®N¡V¡ S£he−L ¢p−mh¡p ¢q−p−h ¢c−u−Rez jªa¤Él fl Lhl ®b−LC I ¢p−mh¡p Ae¤k¡u£ fÐnÀ Ll¡ öl¦ q−hz ®L¡e ®m¡L−L H fÐnÀ Ll¡ q−h e¡ ®k , qkla Bh¤ hLl (l¡x) h¡ Cj¡j Bh¤ q¡e£g¡ (lx) h¡ qkla BxL¡−cl ¢Sm¡e£ (lx) −L Ae¤LlZ J Ae¤plZ Ll¡ q−u−R ¢Le¡? Lhl ®b−L q¡nl fkÑ¿¹ phM¡−e ka fÐnÀ Ll¡ q−h a¡l j§l Lb¡C q−h ®k, l¡p¤−ml Be¤NaÉ Ll¡ q−u−R ¢Le¡z l¡p§m−L ¢p−mh¡−pl p¡−b a¤me¡ Ll−m p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡j ®b−L öl¦ L−l ph ࣢e hÉ¢š²aÅ−L ¢nrL h¡ EÙ¹¡−cl p¡−b a¤me¡ Ll¡ Q−mz Bjl¡ p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡j ®b−L l¡p§−ml S£he pÇf−LÑC ¢nr¡ ®eCz l¡p§−ml ¢p−mh¡p ®nM¡l SeÉC p¡q¡h¡−cl−L ®nÐø EÙ¹¡c j−e Ll−a q−hz l¡p¤m ®L S£h−el phÑ−r−œ ®j−e Qm¡l fÐ−u¡S−eC ®gL¡l Cj¡jNe−L j¡e−a quz c¤¢eu¡l ph ¢houC ®kje EÙ¹¡c ®b−LC ¢nM−a qu, ࣢e ¢k−¾cN£ ¢nM−a Q¡C−m J EÙ¹¡czay¡−cl L¡R ®b−L l¡p§−ml ®N¡V¡ ¢p−mh¡p ®nM¡ pñh e¡J q−a f¡−lz k¢c Bjl¡ l¡p¤m−L ¢p−mh¡p j−e L¢l a¡q−m −k EÙ¹¡−cl L¡−R ®kV¤L¤ ¢p−mh¡p ®nM¡ k¡l ®pV¤L¤ ®nM¡l flJ h¡L£ ¢p−mh¡p ®nM¡l SeÉ EÙ¹¡c a¡m¡n Ll−a q−hz ®L¡e HL EÙ¹¡c−LC ¢p−mh¡p j−e Ll−m , ¢a¢e ®kV¤L¤ ®nM¡e ®pV¤L−¤ LC k−bø j−e Ll−m BMl¡−al g¡Ce¡m fl£r¡u ¢hf−c fs−a q−hz −c−n Ha B−mj, f£l J M¡−c−j à£e b¡L¡ p−šÆJ CL¡j¡−a à£−el fТa kb¡ka …l¦aÅ e¡ ®cu¡l Bpm L¡lZ HV¡Cz l¡p§m−L ¢p−mh¡p ¢qp¡−h NÊqZ e¡ L−l EÙ¹¡c−cl Ae¤plZ Ll¡C k−bø j−e Ll¡ q−µRz H jq¡ i¤m k¢c i¡w−N a¡q−m CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡¢uaÅ ph¡C ®h¡d Ll−a prj q−hez

Efjq¡−c−nl hs hs hs Jm¡j¡ CL¡j¡−a à£−el B−¾c¡me L−le¢e ®Le? j¤pmj¡e−cl q¡a ®b−L Cw−lSl¡ H Efjq¡−c−nl l¡SaÅ ®L−s ®eh¡l fl ®b−L haÑj¡e L¡m fkÑ¿¹ fСu Bs¡Cn hR−ll pw¢rç C¢aq¡p B−m¡Qe¡ Ll−m H fÐ−nÀl SJu¡h pq−S h¤−T Bp−hz A−e−LC H C¢aq¡−pl …l¦aÅ ®ce e¡z haÑj¡−e Jm¡j¡ pj¡S −k ¢h¢µRæ AhÙÛ¡u B−Re a¡l¡ H C¢aq¡p S¡e−m ¢e−S−cl Lle£u pÇf−LÑ ¢h−hQe¡ Ll−a f¡l−hez a¡C A¢a pw−r−f c£OÑ C¢aq¡−pl f¡a¡ ®b−L ¢LR¤ kl¦l£ OVe¡l ¢h−nÔoe Ll¢Rz f¡L-i¡la-h¡wm¡ Efjq¡−c−n Cw−lS l¡SaÅ öl¦ qh¡l fl pLm juc¡−e kMe j¤pmj¡e−cl Efl k¤m¤j J ¢ekÑ¡ae hÉ¡fL q−u EWm aMe ea¤e L−l Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ L¡−uj Ll¡l HL jq¡e B−¾c¡me l¡SÉq¡l¡ j¤p¢mj−cl j−dÉ Se¢fÐua¡ m¡i Llmz n¡q Ju¡m£Eõ¡q ®cqmi£ (lx) Hl ¢hfÔh£ Cpm¡j£ ¢Q¿¹¡d¡l¡l p§œ d−l j¡Jm¡e¡ p¡C−uc Bqj¡c ®hÐmi£ (lx) J j¡Jm¡e¡ n¡q Cpj¡Cm ®cqmi£ (lx) Hl ®eaªaÅ a¡ql£−L j¤S¡¢qc£−el (j¤S¡¢qc B−¾c¡me) j¡dÉ−j EJl f¢ÕQj p£j¡¿¹ fÐ−c−n HL¢V ü¡d£e Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ L¡−uj quzp¤c§l h¡wm¡ ®b−LJ hý j¤S¡¢qc ®p B−¾c¡m−e nl£L q−u¢R−mez 1831 p¡−m f¡”¡h J p£j¡¿¹ fÐ−c−nl j¡T¡j¡¢T h¡m¡−L¡V e¡jL ÙÛ¡−e HL lš²ru£ k¤−Ü I c¤Se jq¡e j¤S¡¢qc ®ea¡ nq£c qe Hhw Cw−lS J ¢nM−cl p¢Çjj¢ma n¢š²l ¢eLV a¡−cl j¤S¡¢qc h¡¢qe£ fl¡¢Sa qh¡l g−m I Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ¢V Bl ¢V−L b¡L−a f¡−l¢ez nq£c¡C−e h¡m¡−L¡V e¡−j fТpÜ I c¤'Se jq¡e jS¡¢qc ®ea¡ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me J CL¡j¡−a à£−e Hje Ni£l ®Qae¡ j¤pmj¡e−cl jdÉ pª¢ø L−l¢R−me −k, Cw−l−Sl ®pe¡h¡¢qe£−a ¢ek¤š² j¤p¢mj−cl j−dÉ J h¡m¡−L¡−Vl fl¡S−ul a£hÐ fТa¢LÊu¡ ®cM¡ ¢cmz a¡−cl j−dÉ Cw−l−Sl ¢hl¦−Ü ¢h−â¡q d¤j¡¢ua q−u EWm Hhw 1857 p¡−m ¢pf¡q£ ¢h−cÊ¡−ql l©f m¡i Llmz H ¢h−â¡−q j¤pmj¡e ¢pf¡q£l¡C fÐd¡e i¤¢jL¡ f¡me Ll¡l g−m p¡jË¡SÉh¡c£ Cw−lS j¤pmj¡e−cl Efl MsN qÙ¹ q−u EWmz

aMe j¤pmj¡e−cl Qlj c¤¢cÑez Efjq¡−c−nl ¢q¾c¤ J ¢nM−cl p¡q¡kÉ ¢e−u Cw−lS l¡SaÅ j¤kha q−a b¡Lmz Cw−lSl¡ pLm juc¡−e Aj¤p¢mj−cl ®L ANËpl L−l j¤pmj¡e−cl−L ¢à…e ®N¡m¡j£l ¢k¢”−l BhÜ Llmz Cw−lS−cl l¡S¯e¢aL ®N¡m¡j£ J ¢q¾c¤ ¢nM−cl Abѯe¢aL c¡paÅ ¢j−m j¤p¢mj S¡¢a−L ¢Qla−l c¡¢h−u l¡M¡l f¡L¡−f¡š² hÉhÙÛ¡ Llmz fl¡¢Sa, fk¤ÑcÙ¹ J ¢e−Öf¢oa j¤p¢mj S¡¢a kMe ¢c−nq¡l¡ aMe Cw−lS l¡−SÉl Ad£−e −b−LC ¢nr¡, Q¡L¤l£,hÉhp¡ CaÉ¡¢c juc¡−e ¢q¾c¤ J ¢nM−cl f¡n¡f¡¢n j¤pmj¡e−cl−L ANËpl Ll¡l jq¡e E−ŸnÉ ¢e−u pÉ¡l p¡C−uc Bqj¡c Bm£Ns ¢nr¡B−¾c¡me öl¦ L−lez Cw−l−Sl p¡−b c¡s¡−a f¡−l ®p clc£ je ¢e−uC ¢a¢e H f−b f¡ h¡s¡ez Cpm¡−jl cª¢ø−a H fl¡¢Sa j−e¡i¡h Bf¢šLl q−mJ ¢a¢e flj B¿¹¢lLa¡l p¡−bC H fc−rf ¢e−mez Hje ¢L H fl¡¢Sa j−e¡i¡−hl g−m ¢a¢e L¤lB−el Hje hÉ¡MÉ¡ ¢c−a Blñ Ll−me k¡ p¢aÉL¡l Jm¡j¡ jqm−L ¢hQ¢ma Llmz HlC g−m öl¦ qm ®cJh¾c B−¾c¡mez qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ L¡−pj e¡e¤a¤i£ (lx) -Hl ®eaª−aÅ j¡Jm¡e¡ n¡q Ju¡m£ Eõ¡q ®cqmi£l ¢Q¿¹¡d¡l¡l fb d−l L¤lBe J q¡c£−pl p¢WL ¢nr¡l j¡dÉ−j Cpm¡−jl ®qg¡k−al jq¡e E−ŸnÉ ¢e−u ®cJh−¾c c¡l¦m Em¤j fТa¢ùa quz BS ®N¡V¡ Efjq¡−c−n AN¢Za j¡â¡p¡ I B−¾c¡m−elC gpmz Bm£Ns B−¾c¡me Cw−l−Sl p¡−b ms¡C Hl f¢lh−aÑ pq−k¡N£a¡l j−e¡i¡h pª¢ø L−lz Bl ®cJh¾c B−¾c¡me Cw−l−Sl ®N¡m¡j£l ¢hl¦−Ü ¢h−â¡−ql j−e¡i¡h−L ¢V¢L−u l¡M¡lC ®Qø¡ L−lz ¢L¿º h¡m¡−L¡−Vl fl¡S−ul fl Hhw ¢pf¡q£ ¢h−â¡q hÉbÑ qh¡l g−m j¤pmj¡e−cl f−r HL B−¾c¡m−el f−r HLLi¡−h Cw−lS−cl ¢hl¦−Ü cy¡s¡e Bl pñh qu¢ez 1918 p¡−m fÐbj jq¡k¤Ü ®no qh¡l fl a¤l−úl j¤p¢mj ®Mm¡ga−L Cw−lSl¡ kMe Maj Ll¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ Llm aMe ®Mm¡ga lr¡l f−r HL B−¾c¡m−el j¡dÉ−j Efjq¡−c−nl j¤pmj¡e−cl j−dÉ Bh¡l S¡Nle ®cM¡ ®cuz ®Mm¡ga B−¾c¡m−el e¡−j MÉ¡a H B−¾c¡me j¤pm¡e−clC ®eaª−aÅ öl¦ qu Hhw H−a ®cJh−¾cl i§¢jL¡ AaÉ¿¹ h¢mù ¢Rmz ¢jx N¡å£l ®ea−aÅ Lw−NË−pl ü¡d£ea¡ B−¾c¡me H p¤−k¡−N Cw−lS ¢h−l¡d£ H ®Mm¡ga B−¾c¡m−el p¡−b pq−k¡N£a¡ L−l ®cJh−¾cl O¢eø q−m¡z¢L¿º ®Mm¡ga B−¾c¡meJ hÉbÑ q−m¡z g−m ®cJh−¾cl ®eaª−aÅ N¢Wa S¢ju−a Jm¡j¡−u ¢q¾c e¡jL ¢e¢Mm i¡la Jm¡j¡ pwNWe BlJ Cw−lS ¢h−ào£ q−u fsmz CMm¡−pl p¡−bC Jm¡j¡−u ¢q¾c ¢hnÄ¡p Ll−ae −k, Cw−lS−cl−L i¡la ®b−L e¡ a¡s¡e fkÑ¿¹ j¤pmj¡e−cl ®L¡e Eæ¢a q−a f¡−l e¡ Hhw Cpm¡j£ ®Mm¡ga L¡−ujJ pñh euz a¡l¡ HLb¡J ¢hnÄ¡p Ll−ae ®k, j¤pmj¡e−cl HLL ®Qø¡u Cw−lS−L a¡¢s−u ®cn Bk¡c Ll¡ pñh euz a¡C Jm¡j¡−u ¢q¾c N¡å£ J ®e−ql¦l ®eaª−aÅ f¢lQ¡¢ma ü¡d£ea¡ B−¾c¡m−el p¡−b ¢j−mC Cw−lS−cl−L ¢ha¡¢sa ®Qø¡ Ll−mez Afl¢c−L Bm£Ns B−¾c¡m−el g−m pªø Bd¤¢eL ¢n¢ra j¤pmj¡e−cl ¢aš² A¢i‘a¡ a¡−cl−L ü¡i¡¢hLi¡−hC ¢q¾c¤ ¢h−ào£ L−l a¤mmz a¡l¡ ®cMm −k, Cw−lS£ ¢nr¡l ANËpl ¢q¾c¤ pÇfÐc¡u plL¡l£ Q¡L¤l£,hÉhpÉ-h¡¢ZSÉ J ph lLj ®fn¡ cMm L−l Hjei¡−h ®S−L h−p B−R ®p, ¢n¢ra q−uJ j¤pmj¡el¡ ®L¡b¡J f¡š¡ f¡−µR e¡zCw−lSl¡ ®a¡ ¢q¾c¤−cl ®L B−N ®b−LC HL−Q¢Vu¡ A¢dL¡l ¢c−u −l−M¢Rmz HMe ph juc¡−e j¤pmj¡el¡ i¡N hp¡−a Q¡u ®c−M ¢q¾c¤l¡ ph S¡uN¡u j¤pmj¡e−cl−L ®L¡ZW¡p¡ L−l l¡M¡l ®Qø¡ Llmz Q¡L¤l£, hÉhp¡ J ¢h¢iæ ®fn¡l ¢q¾c¤−cl H BQlZ Bd¤¢eL ¢n¢ra j¤p¢mj−cl−L ¢q¾c¤-¢h−àu£ Ll¡C ü¡i¡¢hL ¢Rmz ¢L¿º Jm¡j¡−cl p¡−b H hÉ¡f¡−l ¢q¾c¤−cl ®L¡e pwOoÑ ¢Rm e¡z ¢q¾c¤−cl ®eaª−aÅ ®cn ü¡d£e q−m phœÑ ®k ¢q¾c¤ fСd¡eÉ pª¢ø q−h ®p Lb¡ Bd¤¢eL ¢n¢ra j¤p¢mj pj¡S ®ki¡−h h¡Ù¹h A¢i‘a¡ −b−L h¤T−a ®f−l¢Rm Jm¡j¡ pj¡−Sl f−r a¡ h¤T¡ pñh ¢Rm e¡z L¡le j¤p¢mj pj¡−Sl ®X juc¡−e Jm¡j¡l¡ L¡S Ll¢R−me ®pM¡−e ¢q¾c¤−cl p¡−b a¡−cl ü¡−bÑl pwOoÑ qh¡l ®L¡e p¤−k¡N ¢Rm e¡ Hhw ¢q¾c¤−cl p¡−b ®L¡b¡J Jm¡j¡−cl fТa−k¡¢Na¡l L¡le O−V¢ez Lw−N−pl ®eaª−aÅ ®c¡n ü¡d£e q−mJ j¤pmj¡el¡ ¢q¾c¤l ®N¡mjC ®b−L k¡−h h−m ¢n¢ra j¤p¢mj pj¡S a£hÊi¡−h Ae§ih Llmz f¡¢LÙ¹¡e B−¾c¡me H Ae¤i¤¢alC pª¢øz ¢jx j¤q¡Çj¡c Bm£ ¢Sæ¡l ®eaª−aÅ j¤p¢mj m£N c¡h£ Llm j¤pmj¡e pwMÉ…l¦ e−m¡L¡u j¤pmj¡eJcl fªbL ü¡d£e l¡øÊ q−a q−hz H c¡h£ Cw−lS J ¢q¾c¤l ®N¡mj£−a ¢fø j¤p¢mj pj¡−S eh S¡Nle pª¢ø Llmz ¢jx ¢Sæ¡q j¤pmj¡e−cl ¢eLV L¡−u−c Bkj (®nÐøÊ ®ea¡) qh¡l jkÑ¡c¡ ®f−mez j¤pmj¡e−cl H fªbL B−¾c¡m−e ¢hQ¢ma q−u Lw−NËp c¡h£ Llm ®X, i¡l−al ph d−jÑl ®m¡L i¡la£u S¡¢a ¢qp¡−h HL S¡¢az d−jÑl ¢i¢š−a H jq¡e S¡¢a−L ¢hiš² Ll¡ ¢LR¤−aC E¢Qa euz Lw−NË−pl H djÑ¢el−fr jqh¡−cl ¢hl¦−Ü j¤p¢mj m£N c¡h£ Llm ®k, j¤pmj¡e−cl BcnÑ Cpm¡j Hhw Cpm¡j öd¤ djÑ euz a¡C Cpm¡j£ S£he ¢hd¡−el ¢i¢š−a j¤pmj¡el¡

HL¢V ¢iæ S¡¢az ®p ¢q−p−h i¡l−a c¤−V¡ S¡¢a l−u−Rz Cpm¡j£ Bc−nÑ ¢hnÄ¡p£ j¤p¢mj S¡¢a H Bc−nÑ A¢hnÄ¡p£−cl p¡−b ¢j−m HL S¡¢a q−a f¡−l e¡z H jah¡cC ¢à-S¡¢a ašÆ h¡ V¤−en¡e ¢bEl£ ¢q−p−h ¢hMÉ¡az Hi¡−hC Lw−NÊ−pl HLS¡¢a ašÆ J j¤p¢mj m£−Nl ¢à-S¡¢a a−šÆ kMe ¢h−l¡d h¡dm aMe Jm¡j¡−u ¢q¾c¤ Lw−NË−pl f−rC pjbÑe S¡e¡mzJm¡j¡−u ¢q¾c¤ ®ea¡ qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ ýp¡Ce Bqj¡c j¡c¡e£ (lx) H ¢ho−u 1938 p¡−m m¡−q¡l n¡q£ jp¢S−cl ®k ¢hMÉ¡a hš²ªa¡ L−le a¡−a ¢a¢e HLS¡¢a ašÆ−L Cpm¡j ¢h−l¡d£ eu h−m fÐj¡e Ll¡l ®Qø¡ Ll−mez a¡l I hš²ªa¡¢V j¤š¡¢qc¡ L¡J¢ju¡a BJl Cpm¡j (HLS¡¢a ašÆ J Cpm¡j) e¡−j f¤¢Ù¹L¡L¡−l fÐL¡¢na quz 1939 p¡−m H hš²ªa¡l pjÙ¹ k¤¢š² Mäe L−l L¤lBe q¡c£p J Cpm¡−jl fÐbj k¤−Nl C¢aq¡p ®b−L h¢mù k¤¢š² ¢c−u j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc¤c£ (lx) fÐj¡e L−le ®X, Lw−NË−pl HLS¡¢a ašÆ Cpm¡j£ S¡a£ua¡l pÇf§eÑ ¢h−l¡d£z a¡l H hC¢V j¡p¡m¡−u L¡J¢ju¡a (S¡a£ua¡ pjpÉ¡) e¡−j fÐL¡¢na quz h¡wm¡ i¡o¡u Hl Ae¤¢ca hC¢Vl e¡j Cpm¡j J S¡a£ua¡h¡cz S¡a£ua¡ ¢e−u H ¢ha−LÑl g−m i¡la−L AMä ®l−M ü¡d£e Ll¡l Lw−NËp£ B−¾c¡me J j¤pmj¡e−cl fªbL ü¡d£e l¡øÌ L¡−u−jl j¤p¢mj m£−Nl B−¾c¡me l¡S¯e¢aL juc¡−e Qlj ¢aš²a¡ pª¢ø L−lz ¢h−no L−l Lw−NËp pjbÑL Jm¡j¡−u ¢q−¾cl ¢hl¦−Ü j¤p¢mj ¢n¢ra pj¡S AaÉ¿¹ ¢hr¤Ü q−u E−Wz Hl fТa¢œ²u¡ Jm¡j¡ pj¡−SJ ®cM¡ ®cuz −cJh−¾cl A¢dL¡wn Jm¡j¡ Lw−NË−pl p¡−b ®N−mJ j¡Jm¡e¡ n¡î£l Bqj¡c Jpj¡e£ (lx) J j¡Jm¡e¡ j¤ga£ j¤q¡Çj¡c ng£ (lx) Ê ®eaª−aÅ A−eL Jm¡j¡ f¡¢LÙ¹¡e B−¾c¡m−el f−r 1943 p¡−m S¢ju−a Jm¡j¡−u Cpm¡j e¡−j Jm¡j¡−cl HL¢V f¡mV¡ pwNWe L¡−uj L−l j¤p¢mj m£N−L pjbÑe L−lez j¡Jm¡e¡ S¡gl Bqj¡c Jpj¡e£ (lx) j¡Jm¡e¡ n¡pp¤m qL g¢lcf¤l£ (lx) j¡Jm¡e¡ j¤ga£ à£e j¤q¡Çj¡c M¡e (lx) n¢oÑe¡l f£l n¡−qh J g¤lg¤l¡l f£l p¡−qh fÐjM¤ A−eL Jm¡j¡ f¡¢LÙ¹¡e B−¾c¡me−L p¢œ²ui¡−h pjbÑe ®cez qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ Bnl¡g Bm£ b¡ei£ (lx)-J j¤p¢mj m£N−L pjbÑe ®cez Hi¡−h Jm¡j¡−u ®Ll¡j ¢hiš² q−u HLcm Lw−NË−pl AMä ila jah¡−cl pjbÑe L−le Hhw AeÉcm i¡la ¢hi¡N L−l f¡¢LÙ¹¡e L¡−u−jl fr Ahmðe L−lez Ha ®k ¢aš²a¡ pª¢ø qu a¡l g−m j¤p¢mj m£−Nl fr ®b−L Jm¡j¡−u ¢q¾clL Lw−NÊ−pl c¡m¡e h−m N¡¢m ®cu¡ qu Hhw Jm¡j¡−u ¢q−¾cl fr ®b−L j¤p¢mj m£N−L ü¡d£ea¡l ¢l−l¡d£ J Cw−l−Sl c¡m¡m BMÉ¡ ®cu¡ quz I pju B¢j f¡¢LÙ¹¢e B−¾c¡m−el HLSe R¡œLj£Ñ ¢qp¡−h Jm¡j¡−u ¢q−¾cl pÇf−LÑ ®k j−e¡i¡hC ®f¡oe Lla¡j, flha£Ñ L¡−m pjÙ¹ OVe¡−L ¢el−fr I¢aq¡¢p−Ll cª¢ø−a ¢hQ¡l L−l B¢j ¢pÜ¡−¿¹ ®f±−R¢R ®k Jm¡j¡−u ¢q¾c j¤p¢mj m£N ®ea¡−cl à¡l¡ Cpmj£ l¡ø L¡−uj qJu¡ pñh h−m pwNa L¡l−eC ¢hnÄ¡p Ll−ae e¡z a¡C ®cn i¡N L−l j¤p¢mj S¡¢a−L c¤−c−nl j−dÉ ¢hiš² Ll¡ a¡l¡ h¤¢Üj¡−el L¡S j−e L−le¢ez ¢L¿º Lw−NË−pl AMä i¡l−al jah¡c ®k j¤p¢mj−cl SeÉ j¡l¡aÈL ¢Rm ®p ¢ho−u pwNa L¡l−eC a¡−cl d¡le¡ ¢Rm e¡z B¿¹¢lLa¡ b¡L¡ p−aÅJ l¡S¯e¢aL ¢pÜ¡¿¹ i¤m qJu¡ Aü¡i¡¢hL euz H Lb¡ Bj¡l ¢hnÄ¡p Ll¡ pñh eu ®k, j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡c¡e£ (lx) Hl j−a¡ hÉ¢š² Cpm¡j J j¤pmj¡−el r¢a q−h h¤−TJ c¤¢eu¡l ®L¡e ü¡−bÑ L¡S Ll−a f¡−lez H j¡−el −m¡L−cl ¢eu−al Ef¡l q¡jm¡ Ll¡l p¡qp Bj¡l ®eCz i¤m HL Lb¡, Bl hc-¢eu−a L¡S Ll¡ AeÉ Lb¡z k¡ −q¡L, Efjq¡−c−nl Jm¡j¡ pj¡S ¢hiš² q−u HLcm Lw−NËp pjbÑL J Aeɪcm j¤p¢mj m£N pjbÑ−Ll i§¢jL¡u kMe p¢œ²u, aMe j¡Jm¡e jJc¤c£ a¡l a¡lS¤j¡e¤m L¤lBe e¡jL j¡¢pL f¢œL¡l j¡dÉ−j Hje HL¢V aªa£u cª¢øiwN£ ®fn Ll−me k¡ Jm¡j¡−u ®Ll¡−jl Eiu c;m−LC Ap¿ºø Llmz S¡£ua¡h¡c pÇf−LÑ j¡Jm¡e¡l hC¢V j¤p¢mj m£N feU£ Jm¡j¡−u ®Ll¡j j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡c¡e£ (lx) Hl HLS¡¢a a−šÆl jah¡−cl ¢hl¦−Ü HL¢V jkh¤a q¡¢au¡l ¢qp¡−h L¡−S m¡N¡ez ¢L¿º 1940 p¡−m Bm£Ns ¢hnÄ¢hcÉ¡m−u j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc¤c£l Cpm¡j£ ýL¤j¡a ¢LpÚ a¡l¡q L¡−uj ®q¡a£ q¡u (h¡wm¡u Ae¤¢ca hC¢Vl e¡j Cpm¡j£ ¢hfÔ−hl fb ) e¡jL hš²ªa¡u j¤p¢mj m£N jqm AaÉ¿¹ r¤Ü quz ®p hš²ªa¡u ¢a¢e k¤¢š² ¢c−u fªj¡e L−le ®k, ¢h-S¡¢a a−šÆl ¢i¢š−a j¤p¢mj−cl fªbL ü¡d£e l¡øÌ NW−el B−¾c¡me AaÉ¿¹ p¢WL J f§ZÑ pjbÑe ®k¡NÉ qJu¡ p−šÆJ j¤p¢mj ®cn L¡−uj q−mJ ¢LR¤−aC a¡l¡ Cpmj£ ýL¤j¡a h¡ plL¡l L¡−uj Ll−a f¡l−h e¡z eh£ Ll£j (px) Hl B−¾c¡m−el ¢h−nÔoe L−l ¢a¢e ®cM¡−me ®k, Cpm¡j−L S¡−e Hhw ¢e−S−cl S£h−e j¡−e Hje ®eaªaÅ J Lj£Ñ h¡¢qe£ °al£m ®L¡e LjÑp§Q£ e¡ b¡L¡u j¤p¢mj m£N ®eaªaÅ Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ L¡−uj Ll−a öd¤ ArjC q−h e¡ hlw Cpm¡j L¡−u−l ®Qø Ll−m a¡l¡ ®p B−¾c¡m−el ®ea¡−L g¢p ®cu¡ fÐ−u¡Se j−e Ll−hz H hš²ªa¡l ¢WL 14 hRl fl p¢aÉC a¡l H Ae¤j¡e paÑ fÐj¡¢ea quz 1953 p¡−m j¤p¢mj m£N n¡pe¡j−m a¡−L HL AS¤q¡a ®c¢M−u g¡¢pl ýL¤j ®cu¡ q−u¢Rmz j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡c¡e£ (lx) Hl S¡¢a a−šÆl ¢hl¦−Ü j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£l hC¢V fÐL¡¢na qh¡l fl ®cJh¾c ®b−L œ²j¡Na j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£l ¢hl¦−Ü g−a¡u¡ ®hl q−a b¡−Lz Lw−NÊp−L pjbÑe Ll¡ j¤pmj¡e−cl ¢LR¤−aC E¢Qa eu h−m j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc¤c£ ka

®S¡l¡−m¡ i¡−h ¢mM−a b¡L−me aaC g−a¡u¡l pwMÉ¡ J h¡s−a b¡Lmz Hi¡−hC j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£ HL¢c−L Lw−NËp pjbÑL Jm¡j¡−u ®Ll¡−jl g−a¡u¡l ¢nL¡−l f¢ea q−me, Afl ¢c−L j¤p¢mj m£N jq−ml ¢eLVJ ¢e¾ce£u q−mez AhnÉ f¡¢LÙ¹¡e L¡−uj qh¡l f§hÑ fkÑ¿¹ pq¡uL ¢Rm h−m j¤p¢mj m£N ®ea¡l¡ a¡l ¢hl¦−Ü ®L¡e Lb¡ h−me¢ez ¢L¿º f¡¢LÙ¹¡e L¡−uj qh¡l fl ¢a¢e 1948 p¡−m Cpm¡j£ n¡pe¿» lQe¡l c¡h£ a¤mh¡l p¡−b p¡−bC a¡−L f¡¢LÙ¹¡e ¢h−l¡d£ h−m ®NËga¡l L−l ¢he¡ ¢hQ¡−l ®S−m BVL Ll¡ quz j¡Jm¡ jJc¤c£ ¢à-S¡¢a a−šÆl f−r a¡l h¢mù J −nùaj lQe¡ à¡l¡ f¡¢LÙ¹¡e B−¾c¡me−L n¢š²n¡m£ Ll¡ p−šÆJ ¢a¢e j¤p¢mj m£−N ®k¡Nc¡e L−le¢ez 1940 p¡−m Bm£Ns f§−hÑ¡¢õ¢Ma hš²ªa¡l fl HL hRl œ²j¡Na ¢a¢e a¡l j¡¢pL f¢œL¡l j¡dÉ−j j¤p¢mj m£N ®ea¡−cl ¢eLV Hje LaL LjÑp§Q£l fÐÙ¹¡h ®ce k¡ e¡ q−m f¡¢LÙ¹¡e−L Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ h¡e¡e k¡−h e¡z ¢L¿º m£N ®ea¡l¡ ®L¡e p¡s¡ e¡ ®cu¡l ¢a¢e 1941 p¡−ml BNø j¡−p Efjq¡−c−nl ¢h¢iæ fÐ−cn ®b−L m¡−q¡−l BNa 75 Se −m¡L ¢e−u I ph LjÑpQ§ £l ¢i¢ša "" S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£'l pwNWe öl¦ L−lez Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ NW−el I ph fÐÙº¢a j§mL L¡S Ll¡l g−mC f¡¢LÙ¹¡e L¡−uj qh¡l fl Cpm¡j£ n¡pea−¿»l B−¾c¡me j¤p¢mj m£N plL¡−ll a£hÐ ¢h−l¡¢da¡ p−šÆJ Ha ®S¡lc¡l quz h¡m¡−L¡V juc¡−e 1831 p¡−m p¡C−uc Bqj¡c ®hÐmi£ (lx) J n¡q Cpj¡Cm nq£c (lx) Hl n¡q¡c¡−al fl a¡−cl fТa¢ùa Cpm¡j£ l¡−øÌl fae quz Hl fl c£OÑ HL'n hRl j¤pmj¡e−cl j−dÉ ¢L AhÙÛ¡ ¢hl¡S Ll¢Rm, Hl pw¢rç HLV¡ d¡lZ¡ HM¡−e ®cu¡l ®Qø¡ Llm¡jz H ®b−L Ae¤j¡e Ll¡ k¡u ®k, ®Le HL'n hR−ll j−dÉJ CL¡j¡−a à£−el Bl HL¢V B−¾c¡me öl¦ q−a f¡−l¢ez Cw−l−Sl ¢hl¦−Ü ü¡d£ea¡ B−¾c¡me kMe ®S¡lc¡l q−u EWm Hhw j¤pmj¡el¡ kMe Bh¡l ®S−N E−W ü¡d£e j¤p¢mj l¡øÌ NW−el c¡h£ S¡e¡h¡l j−a¡ n¢š² ®f−m¡ aMeC CL¡j¡a à£−el B−¾c¡me N−s a¤mh¡l f¢l−hn pª¢ø q−m¡z Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ L¡−u−jl üfÀ Bh¡l j¤pmj¡e−cl j−e p¡s¡ S¡N¡−m¡z H pju k¢c hs hs Jm¡j¡NZ Lw−NËp J j¤p¢mj m£N ®ea¡−cl ®fR−e e¡ ®k−u Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ L¡−u−jl B−¾c¡m−e ®eaªaÅ ¢c−a f¡l−ae a¡q−m qu−a¡ Efjq¡−c−nl C¢aq¡p ¢iæl©f q−a¡z f¡¢LÙ¹¡e−L Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ ¢q−p−h N−s a¤mh¡l jq¡e E−ŸnÉ qu−a¡ f§ZÑ q−a¡ z Efjq¡−c−nl j¤pmj¡e−cl c§iÑ¡NÉ ®k I Efk¤š² pj−u Jm¡j¡−u ®Ll¡j ""CL¡j¡−a à£−el X¡L'' ¢c−a f¡l−me e¡z H X¡LC ¢c−me j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc¤c£ 1941 p¡−mz aMe a¡ly hup j¡œ 38 hRl z ¢L¿º ®p pju hs hs Jm¡j¡ fСu ph¡C Lw−NËp h¡ m£−N ¢hiš²z AbQ I c¤f−bl ®L¡eV¡C Cpm¡j£ ®eaª®aÅ f¢lQ¡¢ma ¢Rm e¡z H ®b−LC j−e qu ®k, aMeL¡l l¡S¯e¢aL f¢l−hn Jm¡j¡−u ¢q−¾cl ¢eLV Cw−lS ®b−L Bk¡c£ q¡¢pmC fÐd¡e E−ŸnÉ ¢Rmz a¡l m£N f¿Û£ Jm¡j¡−cl ¢eLV ®cn i¡N L−l ü¡d£e j¤p¢mj ®cn L¡−ujC Bpl mrÉ ¢Rmz H c¤'®V¡ E−ŸnÉ q¡¢p−ml SeÉ ¢e−Sl¡ ®eaªaÅ ®cu¡l j−a¡ f¢Sne a¡l¡ ¢R−me e¡z a¡C a¡−cl−L Lw−NËp J m£N ®ea¡−cl ®fR−eC Qm−a q−u−Rz C¢aq¡−pl I ¢aš² A¢i‘a¡ ®b−L h¡wm¡−c−nl B−mj pj¡S−L p¢WL ¢nr¡ NËqe Ll−a q−m a¡−cl−L Ni£li¡−h Hhw d£l¢Q−š ¢Q¿¹¡ Ll−a q−hz CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡Ju¡a J LjÑp§Q£ ¢e−u H−cn−L Cpm¡j£ l¡−øÌ f¢lea Ll¡l B−¾c¡me Ll¡C ®k à£−el c¡h£ a¡ Efl¢Ü Ll¡l pju H−p−Rz ¢hmð Ll−m ®h¡M¡l¡l eÉ¡u ¢Ql ®N¡m¡j£, Bl e¡ qu BgN¡¢eÙÛ¡−el j−a¡ j¤¢ph−a fsh¡l BnwL¡ l−u−Rz ®M¡c¡ e¡ Ll¦e Hje AhÙÛ¡ q−m ®kV¤L¤ à£−el ®M cj−a Jm¡j¡Ne HMe ¢ek¤š² B−Re HV¤L¤l p¤−k¡NJ b¡L−h ¢Le¡ p−¾cqz "" S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l L¡kÑ¢hhle£'' e¡jL hC−a H pwNW−el p¤Qe¡L¡−m ¢hÙ¹¡¢la ¢hlhZ l−u−Rz

S¡j¡u¡a hÜ fÐ−Qø¡l …l¦aÅ CL¡j¡−a à£−el L¡S L¡−l¡ f−r HL¡ Ll¡ ¢LR¤−LC pñh euz Hje ¢L na ®k¡NÉa¡ p−šÆJ ®L¡e eh£J HL¡ à£e−L ¢hSu£ Ll−a f¡−le¢ezAhnÉ fÐb−j eh£−L HL¡C öl¦ Ll−a q−u−Rz ®k eh£l X¡−L j¡e¤o p¡s¡ ®cu¢e Hhw S¡j¡u¡a hÜi¡−h L¡S Ll¡l p¤−k¡N ®k eh£ f¡e¢e ¢a¢e à£e−L ¢a¢e ¢hSu£ Ll−a f¡−le¢ez HLV¡ pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡−L hc¢ml ea¤e L−l ®p pj¡S−L N−s a¤mh¡l L¡S¢V Hje L¢We J S¢Vm −k, fÐ−u¡Se£u pwMÉ¡L HLcm ®m¡−Ll ILÉhÜ fÐ−Qø¡ R¡s¡ H ¢hl¡V E−ŸnÉ ¢LR¤−aC pgm q−a f¡−l e¡z a¡C fÐ−aÉL eh£C j¡e¤o−L Bõ¡l c¡paÅ Lh¤−ml c¡Ju¡a ®cu¡l p¡−b p¡−b a¡l Be¤NaÉ L− l CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡¢uaÅ f¡m−e a¡l p¡b£ qh¡l SeÉ a¡−cl−L Bqh¡e S¡¢e−u−Rez

- ""Bõ¡−L iu Ll Hhw Bj¡l Be¤NaÉ Llz'' fÐ−aÉL eh£C H c¡Ju¡a ¢c−u−Rez L¡lZ HLcm ®m¡−Ll Be¤NaÉ e¡ ®f−m à£e−L ¢hSu£ Ll¡ pñh euz H L¡l−ZC Cpm¡−j S¡j¡u¡−al …l¦aÅ Ha ®hn£z ®l¡S f¡Q Ju¡š² S¡j¡u¡−al p¡−b e¡j¡k Bc¡−kl ¢e−cÑn ¢c−u S¡j¡u¡ahÜ S£h−el …l¦aÅ Ni£li¡−h Ae¤ih Ll¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll¡ q−u−Rz Hje ¢L S¡j¡u¡a£ ¢k−¾cN£−L Cpm¡−jl Be¤N−aÉl SeÉ h¡dÉa¡j§mL Ll¡ q−u−Rz ®k S¡j¡u¡a ®b−L ¢h¢µRæ a¡−L q¡c£−p H h−m p¡hd¡e Ll¡ q−u−R −kJ ®j−ol f¡m ®b−L ¢h¢Ræ ®jo−L ®kje ®eL−s h¡O d−l ¢e−u ®aj¢e nua¡e S¡j¡u¡a ®b−L ¢h¢µRæ hÉ¢š²−L ¢e−Sl Mè−l ¢e−u ®euz Hje ¢L pg−ll pju c¤'Se HLp¡−b pgl Ll−mJ HLSe−L Bj£l ®j−e S¡j¡u¡−al nªwMm¡ j−a¡ Qm¡l SeÉ l¡p§m (px) ¢e−cnÑ ¢c−u−Rez S¡j¡u¡a R¡s¡ Cpm¡j£ ¢k−¾cN£ pñh eu Hhw Bj£l R¡s¡J S¡j¡u¡−al q−a f¡−l e¡z Hà¡l¡ H Lb¡C fÐj¡¢Za qu ®k, HLSe j¤p¢mj qu Bj£l (ýL¤jLaÑ¡) q−h, e¡ qu j¡j¤l (ýL¤j f¡meL¡l£) q−hz ®kje S¡j¡u¡−a e¡j¡S Bc¡u Ll¡ AhÙÛ¡u a¡−L qu Cj¡j q−a q−h, e¡ qu j¤š²¡c£ q−a q−hz ®LE k¢c Cj¡j h¡ j¤š²¡¢cl ®L¡eV¡C e¡ qu a¡q−m h¤T−a q−h ®k, ®p e¡j¡−kl S¡j¡u¡−a n¡¢jm qu¢ez ®aj¢ei¡−h ®k hÉ¢š² ®L¡e ࣢e S¡j¡u¡−a n¡¢jm qu¢e ®p p¢WL Cpm¡j£ S£he k¡f−el LjÑp§Q£ NËqZC L−l¢ez H AhÙÛ¡u ®p e¡gp J nua¡−el ®d¡L¡ ®b−L ®h−Q b¡L−a f¡l−h e¡z eh£ Ll£j (px) Hl pj−u öd¤ a¡l¡C j¤p¢mj h−m NZÉ q−ae k¡l¡ eh£l S¡j¡u¡−a nl£L q−u eh£l ¢eLV h¡ a¡l fТa¢e¢dl ¢eLV h¡uu¡a q−aez I S¡j¡u¡−al h¡C−l b¡L−m j¤p¢mj h−m NeÉC q−a¡ e¡ z I S¡j¡u¡aC à£−el HLj¡œ S¡j¡u¡a h¡ Bm-S¡j¡u¡a ¢Rmz haÑj¡−e −L¡e HL S¡j¡u¡aC Bm-S¡j¡u¡−al jkÑ¡c¡ ®f−a f¡−l e¡z l¡p§−ml Bc−nl ¢i¢š−a ka S¡j¡u¡a N¢Wa q−a f¡−l ph S¡j¡u¡a ¢j−m Bm-S¡j¡u¡a h−m NZÉz ¢L¿¹ ®k ®L¡e ࣢e S¡j¡u¡−a n¡¢jm-C qu¢e −p Dj¡−el ¢cL ¢c−u ®j¡−VC ¢el¡fc AhÙÛ¡u ®eCz Cpm¡−j S¡j¡u¡−a H …l¦aÅ−L ®L¡e B−mjC Aü¡L¡l Ll−a f¡l−he e¡z Bõ¡l à£−el ®Mcj−al SeÉ q−mJ ®L¡e S¡j¡u¡a i¤š² qJu¡ q¡c£−pl cª¢ø−a Ljf−r Ju¡−Sl h−m ü£L¡l Ll¡ R¡s¡ Ef¡u ®eCz p¤al¡w fÐ−aÉL p−Qae j¤p¢mj−LC ®L¡e e¡ ®L¡e HL¢V S¡j¡u¡−a n¡¢jm q−a q−hz fÐQ¢ma S¡j¡u¡a…−m¡l ®L¡eV¡C k¢c fR¾c e¡ qu a¡q−m Hje hÉ¢š²−L HLV¡ ea¤e S¡j¡u¡a NWe Ll¡l ®Qø¡ Ll¡ E¢Qaz ph S¡j¡u¡a−L fum¡ S¡eh¡l ®Qø¡ Ll¡ LaÑhÉz Hl fl J ®k hÉ¢š² ph LV¡ S¡j¡u¡a−L œ²¢Vf§ZÑ h−m h¤T¡h¡l ®k¡NÉa¡ l¡−Me a¡l I ph œ²¤¢V ®b−L j¤š² HLV¡ S¡j¡u¡a NWe Ll¡l ®k ¡NÉ qJu¡ E¢Qaz AhnÉ HLV¡ Lb¡ AaÉ¿¹ …l¦aÅf§eÑ ®k fÊ−aÉL ࣢e S¡j¡u¡a−L i¡mi¡−h S¡eh¡l ®Qø¡ Ll¡ ph¡lC c¡¢uaÅz fÐ−aÉL S¡j¡u¡a−L L¡−R H−pC S¡e−a q−h Hhw ®p S¡j¡u¡−al c¡¢uaÅn£m ®m¡L−cl L¡R ®b−L S¡e−a ®Qø¡ Ll−a q−hz E−s¡ Lb¡u L¡e ¢c−u h¡ ®L¡e S¡j¡u¡−al ¢h−l¡d£−cl fÐQ¡l à¡l¡ ¢hï¡¿¹ q−u H ¢ho−u ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ®eu¡ H−Lh¡−lC A−k±¢š²Lz ®k ¢hQ¡lL h¡c£l A¢i−k¡N ö−eC Bp¡j£l kh¡eh¾c£ e¡ ¢e−u l¡u ®cu ®p ¢hQ¡lL qh¡lC ®k¡NÉ euz a¡C ®L¡e S¡j¡u¡a pÇf−LÑ ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ¢e−a q−m ®p S¡j¡u¡a−L L¡−R H−p ®cM¡ clL¡lz a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al i¡C−ul¡ H Lb¡V¡ M¤h p¤¾cli¡−h h¤¢T−u b¡−Lez a¡l¡ h−me −k, a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡a ®Lje a¡ k¢c p¢WLi¡−h S¡e−a Q¡e a¡q−m A¿¹ax ¢LR¤¢c−el SeÉ S¡j¡u¡−a pju ¢ce Hhw p¡−b b¡L¤ez a¡hm£−Nl i¡C−cl H Lb¡V¡ M¤hC k¤¢š²f§ZÑz H k¤¢š²V¡ ¢L¿º ph S¡j¡u¡−al hÉ¡f¡−lC paÉz a¡hm£N£ i¡C−ul¡J k¢c AeÉ S¡j¡u¡a pÇf−LÑ S¡e−a Q¡e a¡q−m a¡−cl−L HLV¤ pju ¢c−u −p S¡j¡u¡a−L S¡e−a q−hz öd¤ a¡hm£N L¡S Ll−m AeÉ S¡j¡u¡−al p¡−b a¤me¡ Ll¡l ®k¡NÉa¡ ¢L L−l q−h? B¢j k¢c a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−a L¡S Ll¡l p¤−k¡N e¡ ®fa¡j a¡q−m c§l ®b−L H pÇf−LÑ p¢WL d¡le¡ ASÑe Ll−a f¡la¡j e¡z Hi¡−h Bj¡l a¡j¡Ÿ¤e jS¢mn pð−å J S¡eh¡l p¤−k¡N q−u−Rz Cpm¡j −k HLV¡ Bc¢nÑL B−¾c¡me H ¢ho−u H jS¢m−pl j¡dÉ−jC Bj¡l fСb¢jL d¡lZ¡ pª¢ø q−u−Rz B¢j ¢ae hRl HLC p¡−b a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡a J a¡j¡Ÿ¤e jS¢m−p L¡S Ll¢Rz HL¢V−a Cpm¡−jl dj£u ¢c−Ll QQÑ¡ Ll¡l p¤−k¡N ®f−u¢R Hhw AeÉ¢V−a Cpm¡−jl p¡j¡¢SL, l¡S¯e¢aL J Abѯe¢aL ¢c−Ll Cw¢Na ®f−u¢Rz kMe S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ S¡eh¡l p¤−k¡N q−m¡ aMe Cpm¡−jl ph ¢cL HLC S¡j¡u¡−a ®f−u HM¡−e ®k¡Nc¡e L−l¢Rz AhnÉ a¡hm£N J a¡j¡Ÿ¤−el Ahc¡e−L B¢j A¿¹l ¢c−u ü£L¡l L¢lz Hi¡−h a¤me¡ Ll¡l ®p±i¡NÉ e¡ q−m ®k S¡j¡u¡a LS Ll¢R ®pM¡−e aª¢ç ®p M¡−eJ aª¢ç ®h¡d Ll−a prj qa¡j e¡z−k L¢V S¡j¡u¡a−L Bj¡l S¡eh¡l p¤−k¡N q−u−R a¡l j−dÉ ®k¢V−L B¢j phÑ−n−o NËqe L−l¢R ®pV¡C ph¡l NËqe Ll¡ LaÑhÉ h−m B¢j h¢m e¡z Bj¡l hš²hÉ q−m¡ −k, ph LV¡ ࣢e S¡j¡u¡a pÇf−LÑ p−Qae j¤pmj¡e−cl i¡mi¡−h S¡e¡l ®Qø¡ Ll¡ E¢Qaz a¤me¡j§mL i¡−h ¢hQ¡l L−l ®k ®kV¡−L ®hn£ fR¾c Ll−he ®pM¡−e L¡S L−l ¢a¢e ®h¢n aª¢ç f¡−hez A¡l a¤me¡ Ll−m ph S¡j¡u¡−alC ࣢e ®LcjaV¤L¤ üAL¡l Ll−a prj q−hez HL S¡j−ka−L ®h¢n fR¾c Ll¡l AbÑ HC eu ®k, AeÉ¡eÉ

S¡j¡−ua−L j¾c j−e Ll−a q−hz HLV¡ "" −h¢n i¡m ''h−m ü£L¡l L−lJ AeÉV¡−L A¿¹ax ""öd¤ i¡m'' j−e Ll¡ E¢Qaz HLV¡−L ®hn£ fR¾c Ll−mC AeÉ ph…−m¡−L j¾c j−e Ll¡ ®L¡e AhÙÛ¡u kl¦l£ euz

CL¡j¡−a à£−el E−ŸnÉ N¢Wa S¡j¡u¡−al °h¢nùÉ fÐ−aÉL pwNWe S¡j¡u¡a h¡ fÊ¢aù¡−el ¢e¢cø E−ŸnÉ b¡−Lz ü¡i¡¢LL i¡−h I E−Ÿ−nÉC −pM¡e ®m¡a °al£ Ll¡l f¢lLÒfe¡ b¡−Lz ®kje j¡â¡p¡ L¡−uj Ll¡ qu B−mj °al£ Ll¡l SeÉz ®k dl−el B−mj ¯al£l E−ŸnÉ b¡−L ®p S¡a£u ¢p−mh¡pC lQe¡ Ll¡ quz k¡l¡ L−mS L¡−uj L−l a¡l¡ j¡â¡p¡ ®b−L ¢iæ E−ŸnÉ ®m¡L °al£ Ll−a Q¡u °al£l ®k ®fСNË¡j b¡−L a¡ à¡l¡ I j¡−el ®m¡LC °al£ quz a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al c¡Ju¡a Cpm¡−jl LaL Awn h¡ ¢c−Ll fТa q−a f¡−l e¡z Cpm¡j kaV¡ hÉ¡fL H S¡j¡u¡−al c¡Ju¡a aaV¡C hÉ¡fL q−hz S£h−el phÑ−r−œ HLj¡œ Bõ¡l c¡paÅ J l¡p§−ml Be¤N−aÉl fТa H S¡j¡u¡−al ¢hÙ¹ªa q−hz hÉ¢š², pj¡S J l¡øÌ£u S£h−e Bõ¡−L HLj¡œ ýL¤jLaÑ¡ Hhw l¡p§m(px) ®L HLj¡œ BcnÑ ®ea¡ j¡e¡l c¡Ju¡aC H S¡j¡u¡a ¢c−a b¡L−hz c¤C: H S¡j¡u¡a Cpm¡−jl f§ZÑ¡‰ ¢nr¡−L j¡eh pj¡−Sl ¢eLV a¤−m dl¡l ®Qø¡ Ll−hz ®N¡V¡ L¤lBe f¡L−L h¤Th¡l SeÉ phÑ fÐL¡l ®Qø¡ Q¡m¡−hz Dj¡e, Cpm¡j, a¡LJu¡, Cqp¡e Hhw e¡j¡k, ®l¡k¡, q‹, k¡L¡a, ¢k¢Ll J a¡q¡‹¤c ®b−M ¢e−u f¡¢lh¡¢lL S£he, l¡S¯e¢aL S£he, Abѯe¢aL S£he Hhw hÉ¢š² J pj¡S S£h−el AeÉ¡eÉ pjÙ¹ ¢c−L Cpm¡−jl k¡ha£u ¢nr¡−L pj¡−S hÉ¡fL i¡−h fÐQ¡l Ll¡l SeÉ kb¡p¡dÉ ®Qø¡ Ll−hz ¢ae: f§ZÑ à£e Cpm¡j−L ¢hSu£ Ll¡l SeÉ H S¡j¡u¡a ü¡i¡¢hL L¡l−eC Sen¢š² pwNËq Ll¡l h¤−Ÿ−nÉ j¡e¤o−L H pwNW−e n¡¢jm Ll¡l ®Qø¡ Ll−hz H S¡a£u pwNW−e k¡l¡C Bp−h a¡l¡ S¡j¡u¡−al E−ŸnÉ−L ¢e−S−cl S£h−el E−ŸnÉ j−e L−lC Bp−hz a¡l¡ SeNZ−L H jq¡e E−Ÿ−nÉl p¡−b HLja Ll¡l ®Qø¡ Ll−h Hhw hÉ¢š²Na i¡−hJ c¡Ju¡a ¢c−u j¡e¤o−L S¡j¡u¡−a n¡¢jm Ll−a b¡L−hz Q¡l: k¡l¡ S¡j¡u¡−a ®k¡Nc¡e L−l a−cl j−dÉ CL¡j¡−a à£−el L¢We c¡¢uaÅ f¡m−el Ef−k¡N£ fÐ−u¡Se£u ®k¡NÉa¡, Q¢lœ J …e¡hm£ pª¢øl SeÉ H S¡j¡u¡a ¢h−noi¡−h hÉhÙÛ¡ NËqZ Ll−hz ka fÐL¡l a¡l¢hu¡a h¡ ®VÊ¢ew pñh a¡l j¡dÉ−j ®k¡NÉ LjÑ£ h¡¢qe£ pª¢ø Ll−hz f¡yQ: Cpm¡j−L ¢hSu£ Ll¡l X¡L ¢c−u ®m¡L pwNËq Ll¡l g−m H pwNW−el ¢hl¦−Ü fТa¢ùa plL¡l J phÑfÐL¡l L¡−uj£ ü¡bÑ (l¡S¯e¢aL, Abѯe¢aL , p¡j¡¢SL J djÑ£u) pS¡N e¡ q−u f¡−l e¡z h¡¢am ®ek¡j h¡ à£−e h¡¢am H S¡a£u S¡j¡u¡a−L a¡−cl SeÉ ¢hfc SeL j−e Ll−hz a¡C ka fÐL¡−l pñh H S¡j¡u¡−al ANËN¢a ®l¡d Ll¡l SeÉ phÑn¢š² ¢c−u ®Qø¡ Ll−hz fÐ−u¡Se q−m djÑ£u L¡−uj£ ü¡bÑ−L J a¡−cl ¢hl−Ü hÉJhq¡l Ll−hz ®dl−el S¡j¡u¡−al ®ea¡ J LjÑ£−cl ¢hl¦−Ü plL¡l J AeÉ¡eÉ Cpm¡j ¢h−l¡d£ cm HL ®S¡V q−u fÐQ¡le¡ Q¡m¡−h k¡−a SeNe−L ¢hï¡¿¹ Ll¡ k¡uz H pwNW−el n¢š² k¡−a hª¢Ü e¡ f¡u ®p SeÊ clL¡l q−m ¢he¡ ¢hQ¡−l h¡ ¢jbÉ¡ j¡jm¡l S¡−m S¢s−u ®ea¡ J LjÑ£−cl ®S−m f¡W¡−hz Hi¡−h phÑfÐL¡l ¢ekÑ¡a−el j¡dÉ−j Cpm¡j−L ¢hSu£ Ll¡l ¢hl¦−Ü pLm L¡−uj£ ü¡bÑ E−W f−s ®m−N k¡−hz Cpm¡j£ S¡j¡u¡a qJu¡ p−aÅJ k¢c L¡−uj£ ü¡bÑ ®L¡e pwNWe−L pqÉ Ll− Hhw a¡−cl ¢hl¦−Ü ¢LR¤ e¡ L−l a¡q−m d−l ¢e−a q−h ®k, H S¡j¡u¡a Cpm¡−jl hs ®L¡e ®Mcja Ll−mJ CL¡j−a à£−el ®L¡e LjÑp§Q£ ¢e−u L¡S Ll−R e¡z L¡−uj£ ü¡bÑ h¡ fÐQ¢ma plL¡l k¢c ®L¡e S¡j¡u¡a−L a¡−cl c¤nje j−e e¡ L−l a¡q−m h¤T−a q−h ®k à£−e qL−L L¡−uj Ll¡l ®L¡e LjÑp§Q£ ®p S¡j¡u¡−al ®eCz Ru: h¡¢am n¢š² J L−uj£ ü¡−bÑl H ¢h−l¡d£a¡ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el f−r AÉ¿¹ EfL¡l£ quz H ¢h−l¡d£a¡l g−m H B−¾c¡m−e i£l¦ J L¡f¤l¦o S¡a£u ®m¡L Bp−a p¡qp f¡u e¡z c¤¢eu¡l ü¡bÑC k¡−cl ¢eLV hs a¡l¡J H f−b B−p e¡z H f−bl SeÉ ®k S¡a£u ¢exü¡bÑ p¡qp£, pwNË¡j£ J ¢Sq¡c£ j−e¡i¡−hl ®m¡L clL¡l ®p dl−el ®m¡LC H pwNW−e n¡¢jm quz HLj¡œ Bõ¡q−L R¡s¡ Bl L¡E−L k¡l¡ Xl¡u e¡ a¡l¡C HM¡−e ¢V−L b¡−Lz H fbV¡C Hje ®k, k¡l¡C H f−b f¡ h¡s¡u a¡−cl−LC Bõ¡q f¡L fl£r¡ L−lez - j¡e¤o ¢L j−e L−l ®k, a¡l¡ "Dj¡e H−e¢R' hm−mC a¡−cl−L ¢he¡ fl£r¡u ®R−s ®cu¡ q−h? AbQ a¡−cl f§hhÑ aÑ£−cl−LJ fl£r¡ Ll¡ q−u−Rz (BeL¡h¤ax 2-3)

CL¡j¡−a à£−el B−¾c¡me ¢Rm h−mC l¡p§m(px) Hl pju p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡j−L Ha fl£r¡l pÇj§M£e q−a q−u−Rz BSJ k¢c ®p L¡S ®L¡e S¡j¡u¡a L−l a¡q−m a¡−cl−LJ fl£r¡ ¢c−aC q−hz H fl£r¡ R¡s¡ Hje ®m¡L ®k¡N¡s qJu¡ pñh eu k¡l¡ Cpm¡j−L L¡−uj Ll¡l ®k¡NÉz p¡a: CL¡j¡−a à£−el B−¾c¡m−el BlJ HLV¡ °h¢nøÉ HC ®k, H pwNW−el ®L¡e hÉ¢š²−L CMm¡p, a¡LJu¡ Hhw B−¾c¡m−el SeÉ L¤lh¡e£ J ¢eù¡ R¡s¡ AeÉ ®L¡e j¡fL¡¢W−a ®ea¡ ¢q−p−h ÙÛ¡e ®cu¡ qu e¡z rja¡ cMmC ®kph c−ml Bpm mrÉ AeÉ c−ml ®L¡e ®ea¡−L I ph c−ml l¡S¯e¢aL p¢hd¡l SeÉ ®ea¡ ¢q−p−h NËqZ Ll¡ quz CL¡j¡−a à£−el pwNW−e ®L¡e ®m¡L−L ""®lX£ ®jX'' ®ea¡ ¢q−p−h NËqZ Ll¡ k¡u e¡z L¡lZ ®k ®eaª−aÅl M¡−un l¡−M a¡−L ®ea¡ h¡e¡e Cpm¡j£ e£¢al ¢h−l¡d£z H L¡l−eC H pwNW−e ®ea¡ qh¡l ®L¡e fТa−k¡N£a¡ q−a f¡−l e¡z ®eaª−aÅl ®L¡e ®L¡¾cmJ HM¡−e qJu¡ Apñhz ®ea¡ qh¡l E−Ÿ−nÉ L¡−l¡ f−r J S¡a£u pwNW−e Y¤Lh¡l l¡pBJ b¡−L e¡z ¢L¿º ®L¡e c−ml ®eaªÙÛ¡e£u J ®k¡NÉa¡ pÇfæ ®m¡L k¢c ¢eù¡l p¡−b H pwNW−e n¡¢jm qu a¡q−m a¡l BQlZ J LjÑe£¢aC a¡−L paÅl ®fy±¢R−u ®cuz L¡lZ H dl−el pwNW−el c¡¢uaÅn£ml¡ ®k¡NÉa¡l ®m¡L ®f−m a¡−cl Efl c¡¢uaÅ ®cu¡l SeÉ hÉÙ¹ q−u f−sz H S¡a£u pwNW−el ®LE ®ea¡ qh¡l ®Qø¡ L−l e¡z hlw ®ea¡l ®k¡NÉa¡ pÇfæ ®m¡L−L ®eaªaÅ NËqZ Ll¡l SeÉ Ae¤−l¡d Ll¡ quz ®L¡e hÉ¢š²−L öd¤ MÉ¡¢a, V¡L¡-fup¡ h¡ ¢X¢NËl ¢i¢š−a ®ea¡ e¡h¡e qu e¡z BcnÑ J Q¢l−œl j¡fL¡¢W−aC ®eaªaÅ h¡R¡C Ll¡ quz BV: p¢aÉL¡l Cpm¡j£ S¡j¡u¡a ®L¡e hÉ¡š² ¢h−no−L B−¾c¡m−el fТa j¡e¤o−L BLªø Ll¡l j¡dÉj ¢q−p−h hÉhq¡l L−l e¡z CL¡j¡−a à£−el E−Ÿ−nÉ N¢Wa S¡j¡u¡−al ¢eLV Cpm¡j£ BcnÑC Bpm BLoÑZz j¡e¤o−L I Bc−nÑl ¢c−L BLªø Ll¡C Hl °h¢nøÉz eh£l pwNW−el ®L¾cТh¾c¤ J ¢i¢š q−m¡ eh£l hÉ¢š²aÅz eh£ R¡s¡ pwNW−el ¢i¢š AeÉ ®L¡e hÉ¡¢š²a qJu¡ E¢Qa euz ®L¡e hÉ¢š²aÅ−L ®L¾cÐ L−l k¢c pwNWe N−s ®a¡m¡ qu a¡q−m I hÉ¢š²l jªa¤Él fl Hl A¢Ù¹aÅ ¢V−L b¡L−a f¡−l e¡z ¢L¿º BcnÑC k¢c pwNW−el j§m ¢i¢š qu a¡q−m Hl fТaù¡a¡l jªa¤É pwNW−el A¢Ù¹aÅ ¢hfæ L−l e¡z

h¡wm¡−c−n H S¡a£u S¡j¡u¡a B−R ¢L? k¡l¡ p¢aÉ CL¡j¡−a à£−el Ae¤ih L−le a¡−cl ¢eLV H fÐnÀ¢V AaÉ¿¹ …l¦aÅ f§ZÑ z pLm ¢cL ¢c−u BLoÑZ£u f§ZÑ¡‰ S¡j¡u¡a f¡Ju¡ k¡u e¡ h−m AS¤q¡a ®c¢M−u CL¡j¡−a à£−el L¡S e¡ Ll−m Bõ¡l ¢eLV ®WL−a q−h ¢Le¡ a¡ Ni£l i¡−h ¢h−hQe¡ Ll¡l ¢houz jp¢S−cl Cj¡j fR¾c eu h−m S¡j¡u¡−a nl£L e¡ q−u HL¡ e¡j¡u fs¡ ®kje AeÉ¡u ®aj¢e BcnÑ S¡j¡u¡a e¡ ®f−u S¡j¡u¡aq£e S£he k¡fe Ll¡J jÙ¹ hs i¤mz Bf¢e k¢a Cj¡j qh¡l ®k¡NÉ qe a¡q−m ¢eu¢ja jp¢S−c ®k−u S¡j¡u¡−a e¡j¡u Bc¡u Ll−m j¤p¢õl¡ A−k¡NÉ Cj¡j−L p¢l−u Bfe¡−LC Cj¡j h¡e¡−a f¡−lz aMe jp¢Sc¢V ®k¡NÉ Cj¡j ®f−u BlJ ®hn£ Bh¡c q−hz ®aj¢e CL¡j¡−a à£−el E−Ÿ−nÉ ®k S¡j¡u¡a−L a¤me¡j§mLi¡−h Bfe¡l fR¾c qu ®p S¡j¡u¡−a nl£L q−u ®pV¡−L BlJ Eæa Ll¡l ®Qø¡ Ll−a f¡−lez Bl k¢c Bf¢e ¢e−S HLV¡ S¡j¡u¡a NWe Ll¡l ®k¡NÉa¡ l¡−Me a¡q−m a¡-C Ll¦ez ¢L¿º ®L¡e S¡j¡u¡a R¡s¡ ®k HL¡ CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡¢uaÅ L¡−l¡ f−r f¡me Ll¡ ¢LR¤−aC pñh eu ®p Lb¡ ü£L¡l Ll−aC q−hz HL pj−u H fÐnÀ Bj¡l j−eJ ¢hl¡V BL¡−l ®cM¡ ¢c−u¢Rm ®k, B¢j ®L¡e S¡j¡u¡−al p¡−b H L¡S Llh? f§−hÑC h−m¢R, −k c¤−V¡ pwNW−e HLC p¡−b B¢j L¡S Ll¢Rm¡j ®p c¤−V¡ pwNWe−L B¢j HMeJ jqîa L¢lz ¢L¿º Bj¡l ¢h−hL kMe Bl HL¢V S¡j¡u¡a−L CL¡j¡−a à£−el hÉ¡f¡−l BlJ ®hn£ Ef−k¡N£ h−m j−e Llm aMe ®b−L ®p S¡j¡u¡−aC L¡S Ll¢Rz H¢houV¡ pÇf§eÑ fÐ−aÉ−Ll ¢h−h−Ll Efl ¢eiÑl L−lz à£−el ‘¡e,CL¡j¡−al c¡¢uaÅ−h¡d J Cpm¡−jl ¢i¢š−a fÐ−aÉL−LC ¢e−Sl hÉ¡f¡−l ¢e−SC H ¢ho−u ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ¢e−a q−hz B¢j ®k ¢pÜ¡−¿¹ ®f±−R¢R ph¡C ®p ¢pÜ¡¿¹ Bj¡l p¡−b HLja e¡-J q−a f¡−lz ¢L¿º fÐ−aÉ−Ll c¡¢uaÅ l−u−R ®k, CL¡j¡−a à£−el SeÉ ®kph °h¢nøÉ fÐ−u¡Se ®p j¡fL¡¢W−a ¢hQ¡l L−lC fR¾cC S¡j¡u¡a h¡R¡C Ll−a q−hz CL¡j¡−a à£−el c¡¢uaÅV¡ Hje j¡j¤m£ ¢hou eu ®k, i¡mi¡−h a¤me¡ e¡ L−l Hhw ¢hQ¡l-¢h−hQe¡ e¡ L−l qW¡v e¡ h¤−TC ®L¡e S¡j¡u¡−a Y¤−L fs¡ k¡uz ®k S¡j¡u¡−a k¡¢µR ®pM¡−e CL¡j¡−a à£−el Ef−k¡N£ c¡Jk¡−a J LjÑp§Q£ B−R ¢Le¡,

CL¡j¡−al ®k¡NÉ ®m¡L ¯al£l hÉhÙÛ¡ LaV¤L¤ ®pM¡−e B−R Hhw CL¡j¡−al SeÉ fÐ−u¡Se£u ¯h¢nøÉ …−m¡ ¢L f¢lj¡e B−R a¡l fТa mrÉ ®l−MC h¡R¡C Ll−a q−hz Bõ¡q f¡L Bj¡−L kaV¤L¤ ‘¡e-h¤¢Ü J ¢h−hL ¢c−u−Re a¡−a CL¡j¡−al E−ŸnÉ S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l ®Q−u Eæa ®L¡e S¡j¡u¡a B¢j f¡C¢ez H S¡j¡u¡a−L BlJ Eæa Ll¡ Hhw Hl j−dÉ −k ®k ¢c−L Lj£ l−u−R h¡ œ²¢V B−R a¡ c§l Ll¡l p¡dÉj−a¡ ®Qø¡ Ll¢Rz L¡lZ Bj¡l ¢hQ¡−l BcnÑ S¡j¡u¡a q−µR HLj¡œ p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡−jl S¡j¡u¡az I S¡j¡u¡a−L j¡fL¡¢W d−l kMe ¢hQ¡l L¢l aMe S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£−a A−eL Ai¡h J A−eL œ²¤¢V f¡Cz ®c−nl AeÉ¡eÉ S¡j¡u¡−al p¡−b a¤me¡ L−l S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l ®nÐùaÅ ¢e−u ®N±lh Ll¡l j−a¡ r¤â je k¡−a Bj¡l e¡ qu ®p SeÉ Bõ¡l p¡q¡kÉ Q¡Cz H S¡j¡u¡a k¢c CL¡j¡−a à£−el jq¡e c¡¢uaÅ f¡me Ll−a Q¡u a¡q−m p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡−jl S¡j¡u¡a−L BcnÑ j−e L−l I j¡−e ®f±R¡l ®k f¢lj¡e ®Qø¡l pñh a¡-C Ll−a q−hz fÐQ¢ma ®L¡e c−ml p¡−b a¤me¡ L−l BaÁaª¢ç ®h¡d Ll¡l ®L¡e AhL¡n ®eCz B¢j M¡−mp ࣢e Skh¡ ¢e−u ®O¡oe¡ Ll¢R −k, Bõ¡l à£e−L H−c−n L¡−uj Ll¡l SeÉ k¢c S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l ®Q−u BlJ Eæa ®L¡e pwNWe B¢j f¡C a¡q−m H S¡j¡u¡a ®R−s I p wNW−e ®k¡Nc¡e Ll¡ glk j−e Llhz L¡lZ CL¡j¡−a à£−eC Bj¡l mrÉz−p jq¡e EŸnÉ ®k S¡j¡u¡−al j¡dÉ−j q¡¢pm qJu¡l pñ¡he¡ J Bn¡ ®hn£ ®p S¡j¡u¡−a n¡¢jm qJu¡C B¢j LaÑhÉ h−m ¢hnÄ¡p L¢lz

S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ J j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) CL¡j¡−a à£−el E−ŸnÉ S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£−a −k¡Nc¡e Ll¡ E¢Qa ¢Le¡ a¡ ®k¡Nc¡eL¡l£l ¢h−hQe¡l ¢houz H S¡j¡u¡−al fТaù¡a¡ q−me j¡Jm¡e¡ p¡C−uc Bh¤m B'm¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx)z ¢a¢e c¤¢eu¡l HMe e¡ b¡L−mJ ®k−qa¤ a¡l pÇf−LÑ e¡e¡ Lb¡ fÐQ¡¢la B−R, ®p−qa¤ haÑj¡e S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ p¡−b j¡Jm¡e¡ jlý−jl ¢L pÇf−LÑ ®p ¢ho−u ¢LR¤ kl¦l£ Lb¡ ®fn Ll¢Rx HL x j¡Jm¡e¡ p¡C−uc Bh¤m B'm¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) BS£he H Lb¡l Efl ®S¡l ¢c−u −N−Re ®k, Bõ¡l (px) R¡s¡ Bl ®L¡e hÉ¢š²−L Aåi¡−h j¡e¡ E¢Qa euz HLj¡œ l¡p§mC Jq£ à¡l¡ f¢lQ¡¢ma qh¡l L¡l−e ¢ei§Ñmz AeÉ ®LE i¤−ml E−dÑ euz p¤¤al¡w j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£l ®L¡e Lb¡−LC l¡p¤−ml L¢ø f¡b−l k¡Q¡C e¡ L−l B¢j j¡e−a l¡k£ eCz L¤lBe J p¤æ¡l ¢hQ¡−l a¡l ja¡ja kaV¤L¤ NËqe−k¡NÉ j−e qu B¢j aaV¤L¤C NËqe L¢lz HV¡C S¡j¡u¡−al Cpm¡j£l e£¢az 1941p¡−m kMe ¢a¢e S¡j¡u¡−al Bj£l ¢eh¡Ñ¢Qa qe aM¢e ¢a¢e ¢eÇjl©f ®O¡oe¡ −cex "" f¢l−n−o HL¢V Lb¡ f¢lú¡l L−l ¢c−a Q¡Cz "¢gL¡q' J Cm−j L¡m¡−jl ¢ho−u Bj¡l ¢eSü HL¢V al£L¡ B−Rz Bj¡l hÉ¢š²Na Ae¤på¡e N−hoZ¡l ¢i¢š−a B¢j H¢V ¢eeÑu L−l¢Rz Na BV hRl k¡l¡ ""a¡lS¤j¡e¤m L¤lBe'' f¡W L−l−Re a¡l¡ H Lb¡ i¡mi¡−hC S¡−eez haÑj¡−e HC S¡j¡u¡−al Bj£−ll f−c Bj¡−L A¢d¢ùa Ll¡ q−u−Rz L¡−SC H Lb¡ Bj¡−L f¢lú¡li¡−h h−m ¢c−a q−µR ®k, ¢gL¡q J L¡m¡−jl ¢ho−u C¢af§−hÑ B¢j k¡ ¢LR¤ ¢m−M¢R Hhw i¢hoÉ−a k¡ ¢LR¤ ¢mMh Abh¡ hm−h¡ a¡ S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l Bj£−ll g¡up¡m¡ ¢q−p−h NZÉ q− h e¡ hlw q−h Bj¡l hÉ¢š²Na z H ph ¢ho−u Bj¡l hÉ¢š²Na l¡u−L S¡j¡u¡−al AeÉ¡eÉ B−mj J N−hoL−cl Efl Q¡¢m−u ¢c−a B¢j e¡ Hhw B¢j HJ Q¡C e¡ ®k, S¡j¡u¡−al fr ®b−L Bj¡l Efl Hje ph ¢h¢d-¢e−od B−l¡f Ll¡ q−h k¡l g−m Cm−jl ®r−œ, Bj¡l N−hoe¡ Ll¡l Hhw ja¡ja fÐL¡n Ll¡l ü¡d£ea¡ ¢R¢e−u −eu¡ q−hz S¡j¡u¡−al pcpÉ−cl−L (Bl¡L¡e) B¢j Bõ¡l ®c¡q¡C ¢c−u ¢e−cnÑ ¢c¢µR ®k, ¢gL¡q J L¡m¡j n¡Ù» pÇf¢LÑa Bj¡l Lb¡−L Bfe¡l¡ ®LE A−eÉl pÇj¤−M fÐj¡Z ül©f fÐL¡n Ll−he e¡z Ae¤l©f i¡−h Bj¡l hÉ¢š²Na L¡kÑ¡hm£−LJ ®k…−m¡−L B¢j ¢e−Sl Ae¤på¡e J N−hoe¡l fl S¡−uk j−e L−l¢Rz AeÉ ®LE ®ke fÐj¡e ül©f NËqe e¡ L−le Hhw ¢eRL B¢j L−l¢R Hhw L−l¢R h−mC ®ke ¢he¡ Ae¤på¡e a¡l Ae¤p¡¢l e¡ qez H hÉ¡f¡−l fÐ−aÉ−Ll f§ZÑ ü¡d£ea¡ l−u−Rz k¡l¡ à£−el C−mj l¡−Me e¡, a¡l¡ k¡l Cm−jl Efl BÙÛ¡ l¡−Me, a¡l N−hoe¡Ae¤på¡e j¤a¡¢hL L¡S L−l k¡ez EflÙ¹ H hÉ¡f¡−l Bj¡l ¢hfl£a ja ®f¡oe Ll¡l Hhw ¢e−S−cl ja fÐL¡n Ll¡l ü¡d£ea¡ fÊ−aÉ−Ll l−u−Rz Bjl¡ fÐ−aÉ−LC ®R¡VM¡V Hhw M¤¢Ve¡¢V hÉ¡f¡−l ¢h¢iæ j−al A¢dL¡l£ q−u flØf−ll j¤L¡¢hm¡u k¤¢š² fÐj¡e ®fn L−l Hhw ¢ha−LÑ Aha£Z q−uJ HLC S¡j¡u¡−al A¿¹i¤§Ñš² b¡L−a f¡¢l ®kje p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡j l¡¢ku¡õ¡q Beýj ¢R−mez'' c¤C x S¡j¡u¡−a q¡e¡g£ j¡kq¡h J Bq−m q¡c£−pl Ae¤p¡l£ hÉ¢š²l pj¡−hn l−u−Rz H S¡j¡u¡−a Bq−m p¤æ¡a Bm S¡j¡u¡−al ®k ®L¡e j¡kq¡−hl ®m¡L n¡¢jm q−a f¡−lz S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ HL¢V S¡j¡u¡a ¢q−p−h ®L¡e HL j¡kq¡−hl

®gL¡q j¡e−a h¡dÉ L−l e¡z k¡l¡ S¡j¡u¡−a ®k¡Nc¡e L−l a¡l¡ a¡−cl j¡kq¡−hl Ae¤plZ L−lz j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ q¡e¡g£ j¡kq¡−hl AZ¤p¡l£ ¢R−mez ¢L¿º S¡j¡u¡−al j−dÉ Bq−m q¡c£−pl ®m¡LJ l−u−Rz ¢ae x S¡j¡u¡−al ph¡lC Cpm¡j pÇf−LÑ Aa£a J haÑj¡e pLm ®mM−Ll hC ®b−L ü¡d£ei¡−h jaja NËqe Ll¡l f§ZÑ ü¡d£ea¡ l−u−Rz fСQ£e J Bd¤eL L¡gp£l, q¡¢c£p J ®gL¡q CaÉ¡¢c ®b−L ‘¡e ASÑe Ll−a ¢N−u fÐ−aÉ−LlC ü¡d£ei¡−h Bfe ja¡ja ¢ÙÛl Ll¡l A¢dL¡l l−u−Rz j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc§c£ (lx) ¢Q¿¹¡l ü¡d£ea¡l Efl Ha …l¦aÅ ¢c−u−Re h−mC a¡−L Aåi¡−h Ae¤pl−el ®L¡e BnwL¡ ®eCz Q¡l x S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc§a£ (lx) ®L ®gL¡q h¡ BL¡−u−cl Cj¡j j−e L−l e¡z a¡l CS−ac¡q−L ®j−e ®eu¡J S¡j¡u¡−al ®L¡e e£¢a euz S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l ¢eLV j¡Jm¡e¡ j¤Jc§c£ ¢ae¢V L¡l−e ¢h−no jkÑ¡c¡l A¢dL¡l£ x (L) H k¤−N j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc§c£l p¡¢qaÉ Cpm¡j−L HLj¡œ f§eÑ¡wN S£he hÉhÙÛ¡ ¢q−p−h ®fn L−l à£e-Cpm¡−jl p¢WL jkÑ¡c¡ hq¡m L−l−Rez Cpm¡j öd¤ dj£Ñu ®r−œC p£j¡hÜ h−m pj¡−S ®k i¤m d¡le¡ ¢Rm a¡ a¡l ®mM¡ ¢hf¤m pwMÉL hC f¤Ù¹−Ll j¡dÉ−jC j¡eo h¤T−a ¢n−M−Rz H Efjq¡−c−n Cpm¡−jl H hÉ¡fL d¡le¡ Hje Øfø ¢Rm e¡z hÉ¢š² J pj¡S S£h−el pLm ®r−œC Bõ¡l c¡paÅ J eh£l Be¤NaÉ Ll¡ −k Cpm¡−jl c¡h£ H Lb¡ Efjq¡−c−nl j¡e¤−ol ¢eLV ¢a¢eC Øføi¡−h a¤−m d−l−Rez L¤lBe J p¤æ¤¡q ®k ®N¡V¡ j¡eh S£h−el SeÉ HLj¡œ p¢WL hÉ¡fL ®qc¡u¡a H Lb¡ ¢a¢e A¿¹É¿¹ p¤¾cli¡−h g¤¢V−u a¤−m−Rez (M) à£e Cpm¡j−L h¡ü−h j¡eh pj¡−S L¡−uj Ll¡ ®k j¤pmj¡−el fÐd¡e c¡¢uaÅ H La¡ j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) AaÉ¿¹ h¢møi¡−h ®fn L−l−Rez j¤c¤ a¡-C-eu, H na¡ë£−a ¢a¢eC CL¡j¡−a à£−el X¡L ¢c−u H Efjq¡−c−n fum¡ h¡¢a−ml ¢hl¦−Ü S¡j¡u¡ahÜ fÐ−Qø Q¡¢m−u−Rez CL¡j¡−a à£−el H X¡−L k¡l¡ p¡s¡ ¢c−u−R Hhw ¢c−µR a¡l¡ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el …l¦aÅ Ae¤ih L−lC S¡j¡u¡ahÜ qJu¡ glk j−e Ll−Rz ¢a¢e Cpm¡j−L ¢hSu£ Ll¡l SeÉ H S¡a£u B−¾c¡m−el X¡L ¢c−u−Re h−mC ®N¡V¡ Efjq¡−c−n Cpm¡j BS HL¢V h¢mù ¢hfÔh£ B−¾c¡m−e f¢lea q−u−Rz Hje¢L Bd¤¢eL ¢n¢ra J R¡œ jq−m fkÑ¿¹ Cpm¡j£ S¡Nl−el p¡s¡ f−s ®N−Rz (N) j¤p¢mj−cl−L ¢h‘¡e pÇja f¿Û¡u p¤pwN¢Wa Ll¡l SeÉ j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ −k p¡wNW¢eL fТai¡l f¢lQu ¢c−u−Re a¡ H k¤−N Aa¤me£uz Bd¤¢eL k¤−N h¡¢am f¿Û£−cl jkha pwNW−el p¡−b f¡õ¡ ¢c−u j¤pmj¡e−cl HLV¡ p¤nªwMm n¢š²−a f¢lZa Ll¡l SeÉ ¢a¢e ®k p¡wNW¢eL L¡W¡−j¡ JLjÑ ®L±nm c¡ L−l−Re Hl g−m a¡l¡ c¤¢eu¡ ®b−L Q−m k¡Ju¡ p−šÆJ pwNWe ®L¡e¢cL ¢c−u c¤hÑm qh¡l BnwL¡ ®eCz S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) ®L ¢a¢e A¢a j¡eh h¡ Hje ®L¡e pš¡ j−e L−l e¡ k¡ Aåi¢š²l pª¢ø Ll−a f¡−lz djÑ£u ®r−œ i¢š²l h¡s¡h¡¢s Maj Ll¡l SeÉ p¡l¡ S£he ¢a¢e ®k ®Qø¡ L−l ®N−Re a¡l g−m a¡l j−dÉ hý c¤ÖfСfÉ …−Zl pj¡−hn b¡L¡ p−šÆJ j¡Jm¡e¡−L S¡j¡u¡a ®L¡e fÐL¡l A¢a i¢š²l jkÑ¡c¡ ®cu¢ez AhnÉ j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£−L H k¤−Nl ®nÐøaj Cpm¡j£ ¢Q¿¹¡¢hc, p¡¢qaÉL J j¤S¡¢qc ¢q−p−h Hhw Bd¤¢eL S¡¢q¢mu¡a h¡ Cpm¡j ¢h−l¡d£ jah¡−cl h¢mùaj fТa−l¡dL¡l£ hÉ¢š²aÅ h−m c¤¢eu¡l ¢Q¿¹¡n£m jqm AL¤ãi¡−h ü£Lª¢a ¢c−u−Rz H p−šÆJ S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ j¡Jm¡e¡l hÉ¢š²aÅ−L j¡e¤−ol L¡−R hs L−l a¤−m dl¡ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el SeÉ fÐ−u¡Se£u j−e L−l¢ez j¡Jm¡e¡ H ¢ho−u Ha pS¡N ¢R−me ®k, j¡Jm¡e¡l SÇj ¢chp f¡me Ll−a ¢a¢e Ae¤j¢a ®ce¢e z a¡l H−¿¹L¡−ml flJ Efjq¡−c−nl ®L¡b¡J a¡l SÇj h¡ jªa¤É ¢chp f¡me Ll¡ q−µR e¡z AbQ h¡wm¡−cn, i¡la, f¡¢LÙ¹¡e J nУmwL¡u S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ fÐL¡nÉ pwNWe ¢q−p−hC B−R z ¢L¿¹ ®L¡b¡J j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx)-l hÉ¢š²aÅ−L a¤−m dl¡ q−µR e¡z j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) Bd¤¢eL k¤−Nl pjpÉ¡ J j¡eh l¢Qa ¢h¢iæ pj¡d¡−el ¢h−nÔoZ L−l L¤lBe J q¡c£−el B−m¡−L I ph pj¡d¡−el œ¦¢V Øføi¡−h d¢l−u ¢c−u Cpm¡−jl pj¡d¡e ®kl©f ®k¡NÉa¡l p¡−b ®fn L−l−Re a¡−a Bj¡−cl j−a¡ Bd¤¢eL ¢n¢ra ®m¡−Ll f−r Cpm¡j−L h¤T¡ pqS q−u−R z H SeÉC j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx)-l l¢Qa Cpm¡j£ p¢qaÉ R¡s¡ Bd¤¢eL k¤−N Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−e Ll¡ Apñh q−u fs−Rza¡C S¡j¡u¡a Cpmj£ ay¡l hC ®b−L g¡uc¡ q¡¢pm Ll−a h¡dÉ q−µRz j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc§c£ (lx) Hl fÐQ¡l k¢c E−ÜnÉ q−a¡ a¡q−m a¢l S¾j J jªaɤ ¢chp AhnÉC f¡me Ll¡ q−a¡z

j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) k¡−L HLj¡œ ®ea¡ ¢hnÄ eh£C S¡j¡u¡−a Cpmj£l Bpm ®ea¡z j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc§c£ kMe H S¡j¡u¡−al Bj£l ¢R−me aMeJ a¡l fТa LMeJ A¢ai¢š² ®cM¡e qu¢e a¡l fÐLªa jkÑ¡c¡ HLj¡œ Bõ¡q f¡LC ¢c−a¡ f¡−lez c¤¢eu¡u a¡l jkÑ¡c¡ h¡s¡h¡l−L¡e c¡¢uaÅ S¡j¡u¡a NËqe L−l¢ez f¡yQ x fСu p¡a hRl Blh c¤¢eu¡l ¢h−nÄl A−eL ®c−nl hs hs Cpm¡j£ ¢Q¿º¡¢hc J Jm¡j¡−u ®Ll¡−jl p¡−b Bj¡l p¡r¡−al p¤−k¡N q−u−Rz B¢j a¡−cl ph¡C−L j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc§c£ (lx) Hl AaÉ¿¹ iš² ®f−u¢Rz j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc§c£ (lx) ®L H k¤−Nl ®nÐøaj Cpm¡j£ ¢Q¿¹¡¢hc h−mC ph¡C ü£Lª¢a ¢c−u b¡−Lez f¡L-i¡la h¡wm¡l h¡C−l ®L¡e Cpm¡j£ hÉ¢š²aÅC j¡Jm¡e¡l ®mM¡ pÇf−LÑ ®L¡e Bf¢š a¤−me¢ez AbQ j¡Jm¡e¡l p¡¢qaÉ Blh£ J Cw−lS£ i¡o¡u hÉ¡fL Ae¤h¡c q−u−Rz ¢h−nÄl hs hs Cpm¡j£ ¢Q¿¹¡¢hc J j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc§c£ (lx) Hl p¡¢q−aÉ Cpm¡−jl HLC dl−el hÉ¡MÉ¡ f−s Bj¡l H d¡le¡C pª¢ø q−u−R ®k, Bj¡−cl ®c−nl ®k L−uLSe B−mj j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc§c£ (lx)-l ¢hl¦−Ü g−a¡u¡ ¢c−u−Re a¡l¡ pñha j¡Jm¡e¡l p¡¢qaÉ i¡mi¡−h f−se¢ez AMä i¡la he¡j f¡¢LÙ¹¡e B−¾c¡me−L ®L¾cÐ L−l H na¡ë£l ¢œn J Q¢õ−nl cn−L j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc§c£l h¢mù Cpm¡j£ l¡S¯e¢aL ¢Q¿¹¡d¡l¡ hý hs hs Jm¡j¡l l¡S¯e¢aL ja¡c−nÑl ¢h−l¡d£ ¢Rmz a¡−cl fr ®b−LC H ph g−a¡u¡ fÐQ¡¢la q−u−Rz H ph g−a¡u¡l ®L¡e jkh¤a à£e£ ¢i¢š M¤y−S f¡Ju¡ k¡u e¡z

S¡j¡u¡a ¢h−l¡d£ g−a¡u¡ S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l ¢hl¦−Ü k¡l¡ g−a¡u¡ ®ce J fÐQ¡l L−le S¡j¡u¡a a¡−cl p¡−b TNs¡u ¢mç q−u pju eø L−l e¡z h¡¢am n¢š²l ¢hl¦−Ü k¡l¡ pwNË¡j L−le e¡, Bd¤¢eL S¡¢q¢mu¡−al p¡−b k¡−cl ®L¡e pwOoÑ ®eC, k¡−cl CL¡j¡−a à£−el ®L¡e LjÑp§Q£ ®eC, Cpm¡j−L¡ ¢hSu£ Ll¡l SeÉ k¡l¡ S¡j¡u¢LhÜi¡−h ¢LR¤ L−le e¡ a¡−cl fr ®b−L H S¡a£u ®kph g−a¡u¡ fÐQ¡¢la qu a¡ p−Qae j¤pmj¡eJcl ¢eLV ®L¡e …l¦aÅC f¡u e¡z g−a¡u¡ fÐQ¡lLN−Zl fТa ®k LS−el Aå i¢š² l−u−R H g−a¡u¡ à¡l¡ I ph ®m¡L−L S¡j¡u¡a ®b−L ¢g¢l−u l¡M¡C qu−a¡ a¡−cl E−ŸnÉz S¡j¡u¡a a¡−cl ࣢e ®Mcja−L ü£L¡l L−l Hhw a¡−cl ¢hl¦−Ü ®L¡e ¢h−ào ®f¡oe L−le e¡z Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el ®r−œ a¡−cl−L fТafrJ j−e L−l e¡z S¡j¡u¡−al fТafr q−m¡ djÑ-¢el−fra¡h¡c£, pj¡Sa¿»£ J pwL£eÑ S¡a£ua¡h¡c£ B−¾c¡mez ®c−n à£−e qL J à£−e h¡¢a−m¡ ®k pwOoÑ Qm−R a¡−a AhnÉ I ph, g−a¡u¡ à£−e h¡¢a−ml f−r pq¡uL q−µRz h¡¢am f¿Û£l¡ I ph g−a¡u¡ a¡−cl f−r L¡−SJ m¡N¡−µRz ah¤J S¡j¡u¡a g−a¡uA ¢e−u ¢hQ¢ma eu z L¡le k¡l¡ g−a¡u¡ ¢c−µRe a¡−cl ¢hl¦−Ü S¡j¡u¡a ¢LR¤ Ll−aJ Q¡u e¡, hm−aJ Q¡u e¡z S¡j¡u¡a a¡−cl−L ¢h−l¡d£ n¢š² ¢qp¡−h j−e L−l e¡z a¡−cl p¡−b S¡j¡u¡−al ®L¡e ms¡C ®eCz H ph g−a¡u¡l hš²hÉ ®b−L ®cM¡ k¡u ®k, g−a¡u¡c¡a¡Ne j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc§c£ (lx) Hl hC Hl ®L¡e ®L¡e Lb¡ Bf¢šSeL j−e L−le Hhw ®k−qa¤ H S¡j¡u¡−al ¢a¢eC fТaù¡a¡ ®p−qa¤ g−a¡u¡V¡ S¡j¡u¡−al ¢hl¦−Ü J ®cu¡ fÐ−u¡Se ®h¡d L−lez B−NC h−m¢R ®k j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc§c£ (lx) Hl fТa¢V Lb¡ S¡j¡u¡−al hš²hÉ ¢q−p−h dl¡ A−k±¢š²L k¢c g−c¡u¡ ¢c−aC qu a¡q−m a¡ ®mM−Ll ¢hl¦−ÜC ®cu¡ E¢Qa, S¡j¡u¡−al ¢hl¦−Ü euz j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc§c£l ¢m¢Ma hC Hl ph Lb¡l p¡−b ph¡C HLja qJu¡ kl¦l£ euz p¤al¡w Jm¡j¡−u ®Ll¡−jl j−dÉ k¡l¡ a¡l ®mM¡u i¤m ®cM−a f¡e a¡l¡ Hm¢j ¢cL ¢c−u L¤lBe q¡a£pl k¤¢š²l ¢i¢š−a pj¡−m¡Qe¡ Ll−m a¡−cl ‘¡e ®b−L S¡j¡u¡−al ®m¡−Ll¡J EfLªa pj¡−m¡Qe¡ Ll−m a¡−cl ‘¡e ®b−L S¡j¡u¡−al ®m¡−Ll¡J EfLªa q−hz CS¢aq¡c£ i¤m ®a¡ ph¡lC q−a f¡−lz ®k¡NÉ B−mjNe ®p ph i¤m d¢l−u ¢c−m à£−el hs ®Mcja q−hz AhnÉ H L¡S¢V ®hn L¢We L¡Sz H L¡S¢V e¡ L−l k¢a g−a¡u¡ ®cu¡ pqS j−e Ll¡ qu a¡q−m g−a¡u¡c¡a¡N−el jk¡Ñc¡ Hà¡l¡ h¡−s e¡z qL J h¡¢a−ml ms¡C ®kM¡−e Qm−R ®pM¡−e H g−a¡u¡ h¡¢a−mlC pq¡uL quz g−a¡u¡c¡a¡Ne k¢a CL¡j¡−a à£−el jq¡e c¡¢uaÅ f¡m−el E−Ÿ−nÉ S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l ®Q−u Eæa ®L¡e ࣢e S¡j¡u¡a L¡−uj L−le Hhw Bj¡−cl j−a¡ LjÑ£l¡ k¢a Ae§ih L−l ®k, Bjl¡ Cpm¡j−L L¡−uj Ll¡l ®k ¢eu−a S¡j¡u¡−a ®k¡Nc¡e L−l¢R ®p E−ŸnÑ a¡−cl L¡−uj Ll¡ S¡j¡u¡−a ®N−m BlJ i¡mi¡−h pgm q−h, a¡q−m H S¡j¡u¡a hÉ¡N L−l a¡−cl S¡j¡u¡−a ®k−a HLV¤J ¢àd¡ Llh e¡z ¢L¿º CL¡j¡−a à£−el ®L¡e ®fСNË¡j k¡−cl ®eC a¡l¡ kMe S¡j¡u¡−al ¢hl¦−Ü g−a¡u¡ ¢c−uC c¡¢uaÅ ®no L−le, aMe a¡−cl p−Qae j¤š¡¢Lc, Ae¤p¡l£ J p¡N¢lc−cl ¢eLVJ a¡−cl jkÑ¡c¡ eØV quz H ph g−a¡u¡ −cu¡ ®k Cpm¡−jl ®L¡e p¢aÉL¡l ®Mcja eu, hlw Hà¡l¡ −k Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−e ¢h−l¡d£−cl a¡¢mL¡u a¡−cl e¡j n¡¢jm q−µR ®p Lb¡ h¤Th¡l ®a±¢gL Bõ¡q f¡L a¡−cl−L ¢ce H ®c¡u¡ Ll¡ R¡s¡ a¡−cl j−a¡ M¡−c−j à£e−cl pÇfLÑ Bl ¢LR¤ hm¡l ®eCz Bc¡m−a B−Ml¡−aC Q§s¡¿¹i¡−h ®cM¡ k¡−h −k, q−Ll f−r L¡l¡ L¡S L−l−R, Bl h¡¢a−ml pq¡uL L¡l¡ ¢Rmz S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ CL¡j¡−a à£−el ®k fÐ−Qø Q¡m¡−µR a¡ p¢WLi¡−h ¢h−hQe¡ L−l ®cL¡l SeÉ g−a¡u¡c¡a¡N−el ¢eLV B−hce S¡e¢µRz Bõ¡q f¡L a¡−cl−L ®kV¤L¤ ®k¡NÉa¡ ¢c−u−Re a¡ ®ea£h¡QL L¡−S MlQ e¡ L−l Cpm¡−jl f−r Ca¢h¡QL L¡−S hÉu Ll¡l SeÊ Ae¤−l¡d Ll¢Rz Bl k¢c S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£lL pw−n¡de Ll¡l ¢eu−a ®k ®a¡e dl−e¡ i¤mœ¢V d¢l−u ®ce a¡q−m S¡j¡u¡a a¡−cl H jq¡e ®Mcj−al SeÉ öL¢lu¡ S¡e¡−hz k¡l¡ clc£ je ¢e−u H S¡a£u pw−n¡d−el ®QØV¡ L−le g−a¡u¡l i¡o¡u Lb¡ h−me e¡z

j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc§ j¡Jc§c£ (lx) ¢h−l¡d£ g−a¡u¡ j¡Jm¡e¡ p¡C−uc Bh¤m Bm¡ j¡Jc§c£ (lx) L¤lBe f¡−Ll a¡gp£l J l¡p§m¤õ¡q (px) Hl S£he£ pq Cpm¡j pÇf−LÑ ®R¡V hs na¡¢dL hC ¢m−M−Rez a¡l AN¢ea f¡WL-f¡¢WL¡ ®c−n ¢h−c−n R¢s−u B−Rz ¢k¢e Ha ¢LR¤ ¢m−M−Re a¡l ®mM¡u ®L¡e i¤m-œ²¢V b¡L¡ Aü¡i¡¢hL euz k¡l¡ ‘¡eQQÑ¡u ¢ek¤š² a¡l¡ k¤¢š²-fÐj¡−Zl ¢i¢š−a a¡l ®mM¡l pj¡−m¡Qe¡ Ll−m à£−el AhnÉC EfL¡l J ®Mcja q−hz H ¢ip−u Efjq¡−c−nl L−uLS−el ®mM¡ f−s B¢jJ A−eL EfLªa q−u¢Rz ¢L¿º ¢LR¤ pwMÉL hÉ¢š² a¡l ¢h¢iæ ®mM¡ ®b−L Eܪ¢a ¢e−u Hje ¢hLªa hÉ¡M¡É¡ L−l−Re ®k, ®L¡e ¢el−fr f¡WL j§m hC J pj¡−m¡QL−cl ®mM¡ fs−−m ü£L¡l Ll−a h¡dÉÑ q−he ®k, ®mM−Ll j§m hšÊ−hÉl p¡−b pj¡−m¡Qe¡l ®L¡e ¢jm ®eCz LaL pj¡−m¡Q−Ll i¡o¡ ®b−L a¡−cl ¢h−àoC fÐL¡n f¡uz k¡l¡ Aå¢h−l¡d£ J ¢h−ào£ a¡l¡ pw−n¡d−el Ef−k¡N£ i¡o¡ hÉhq¡l e¡ L−l g−a¡u¡l q¡¢au¡l hÉhq¡l L−le -- Hje¢L L¡−l¡ L¡−l¡ hš²hÉ q£e N¡¢m - N¡m¡−Sl fkÑ¡−uJ f−sz k¡l¡ paÉ a¡m¡n L−le a¡l¡ k¢c j§m hC fs¡l ®Qø¡ L−le a¡−qmC öd¤ p¤¢hQ¡l Ll−a f¡l−hez j¤m hC k¡l¡ f−se¢e a¡l¡ ®L¡e pj¡−m¡Q−Ll ®mM ¡ f−sC k¢c ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ®ee a¡q−m AhnÉC ®mM−Ll fТa A¢hQ¡l Ll¡ q−hz Bp¡j£m Sh¡eh¢¾c e¡ ¢c−u öd¤ g¢lc¡¢cl e¡¢mn ö−eC ®k ¢hQ¡lL l¡u ¢c−u h−p a¡−L LMeJ eÉ¡u ¢hQ¡lL hm¡ Q−m e¡z j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ ¢m−M−Re h−mC ®L¡e Lb¡ p¢WL h−m B¢j NËqe L¢l e¡z L¤lBe J p¤æ¡q ®b−L cm£m pqL¡−ll ®kph Lb¡ ¢a¢e ®fn L−l−Re a¡ Bj¡l ¢h−hL -h¤¢Ü à¡l¡ k¡Q¡C L−lC NËqe L¢lz a¡C k¡l¡ cm£m J k¤¢š²l ¢i¢š−a a¡l pj¡−m¡Qe¡ L−le a¡−cl Lb¡J NËqe Ll−a B¢j ¢àd¡ L¢l e¡z L¡lZ j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc¤c£ (lx) -®L B¢j ¢ei§Ñm j−e L¢l e¡z ¢L¿º k¡l¡ g−a¡u¡l i¡o¡k Lb¡ h−me a¡l¡ j¡Jm¡e¡l i¤m pw−n¡d−el ®Q−u j¡e¤o−L ¢hï¡¿¹ Ll¡C a¡−cl E−ŸnÉ h−m a¡−cl Lb¡ B¢j ¢h−hQe¡ ®k¡NÉC j−e L¢l e¡z j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc¤c£ -Hl ""®Mm¡ga J j¤m¤¢Lu¡a'' e¡jL hC pÇf−LÑC h¡wm¡−c−nl L−uLSe B−mj ®S¡lc¡l Bf¢š a¤−m−Rez Hl j−dÉ qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ n¡jp¤m qL g¢lcf§l£ (lx) Hl ®mM¡ ""i¤m pw−n¡de'' e¡jL f¤Ù¹L¢V−L B¢j AhnÉC ¢h−hQe¡−k¡NÉ j−e L¢lz j¡Jm¡e¡ g¢lcf¤l£ (lx) j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) ®L AaÉ¿¹ jqhha Ll−ae Hhw Bj¡−LJ M¤h ®pÀq Ll−aez a¡l p¡−b O¢eùi¡−h ¢jnh¡l cl¦e B¢j S¡ea¡j−k ""−Mm¡ga J j¤m¤¢Lu¡a'' pÇf−LÑ a¡l k−bø Bf¢š B−Rz ¢a¢e j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) Hl ¢eu−al Efl q¡jm¡ Ll−ae e¡z Hhw a¡−L p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡−jl ¢h−l¡d£ h−mJ j−e Ll−ae e¡ z ""−Mm¡ga J j¤m¤¢Lu¡a'' ¢mM−a ¢N−u j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) ®kph I¢aq¡¢p−Ll q¡Ju¡m¡ ¢c−u−Re a¡−cl L−uLSe−L j¡Jm¡e¡ g¢lcf§l£ (lx) ¢nu¡ h−m j−e Ll−ae Hhw ¢nu¡ I¢aq¡¢p−Ll ja¡ja NËqe Ll¡l g−mC ®mML i¤m ¢pÜ¡−¿¹ ®f±−R−Re h−m ¢a¢e ¢hnÄ¡p Ll−aez j¡Jm¡e¡ g¢lcf¤l£ (lx) ""®Mm¡ga J j¤m¤¢Lu¡a '' hC¢Vl pj¡−m¡Qe¡u ®k i¡o¡ hÉhq¡l L−l−Re a¡ AaÉ¿¹ n¡m£eza¡l A¿¹−l ®k ¢h−àu ®eC Hhw f§ZÑ CMm¡−pl ¢i¢š−aC −k ¢a¢e ¢m−M−Re a¡ ""i§m pw−n¡de'' e¡jLlZ ®b−LC Øføz ¢a¢e SeNZ−L ¢hï¡¿¹ Ll¡l E−ŸnÉ ¢m−Me¢ez j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£l ®mM¡l ®kM¡−e ¢a¢e i¤m j−e L−l−Re ®pM¡−eC p w−n¡d−el ®Qø¡ L−l−Rez AhnÉ hC¢Vl ®L¡b¡J ®L¡b¡J Hje ¢LR¤ Lb¡ B−R k¡ j¡Jm¡e¡ g¢lcf§l£ (lx) Hl üi¡h p¤mi n¡m£e i¡o¡l p¡−b ¢jm M¡u e¡z ®kph Lb¡ A−eÉl pw−k¡Se ¢Le¡ a¡ Bõ¡q f¡LC S¡−eez ah¤ p¡j¢NËLi¡−h a¡l pj¡−m¡Qe¡ ¢h−hQe¡ ®k¡NÉz ¢L¿º Bl k¡l¡ H ¢ho−u B−m¡Qe¡ L−l−Re a¡−cl ®mM¡−L ¢h−àu f§eÑ N¡m¡N¡¢m j−e Ll¡ R¡s¡ Ef¡u −eCz k¡l¡ p¤¢h−QL J paÉ a¡m¡n Ll−a CµR¤L a¡−cl−L Ae¤−l¡d Ll¢R a¡l¡ ®ke ""®Mm¡ga J j§m¤¢Lu¡a'' hCM¡e¡l p¡−b g¢lcf¤l£ (lx) Hl ®mM¡ ""i¤m pw−n¡de'' ¢j¢m−u f−s ®c−Mez ®kph Bf¢š ""i¤m pw−n¡d−e'' −a¡m¡ q−u−R Hl SJu¡hJ j§m hC Hl ®no i¡−N ®cu¡ q−u−Rz hC c¤¢V f−s −kM¡−e j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) i¤¤m L−l−Re h−m f¡W−Ll d¡le¡ qu ®pph Lb¡ NËqe e¡ Ll−mC q−m¡z ®L¡e ®mM−Ll ph Lb¡C p¢WL qJu¡ kl¦l£ euz ¢L¿º AaÉ¿¹ c¤x−Ml ¢hou ®k, ""®Mm¡ga J j¤m¤¢Lu¡a'' hC−a qkla j¤u¡¢hu¡(l¡x) pÇf−LÑ ®kph Lb¡ B−m¡Qe¡ q−u−R a¡−L ¢i¢š L−l ®L¡e ®L¡e pj¡−m¡QL j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) ®L p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡−jl ¢e¾c¡L¡l£ J Afj¡eL¡l£ h−m fÐj¡e Ll−a ®Qø¡ L−l−Rez a¡−cl ®mM¡l ¢h−àuf§eÑ i¡o¡ ®b−L j−e qu ®k, j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) ®ke p¡q¡h¡−cl fТa Oªe¡ pª¢øl E−Ÿ−nÉC hC¢V ¢m−M−Rez AbQ a¡gq£j¤m L¤lBe e¡jL j¡Jm¡e¡l a¡gp£l J AeÉ¡eÉ A−eL hC−a p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡j pÇf−LÑ Bq−m p¤æ¡a Bm S¡j¡u¡−al BL£c¡ ®j¡a¡−hL ®kph EµR¢pa J B−hNf§eÑ fÐnwp¡ Ll¡ q−u−R ®kph Lb¡ a¡l¡ f−s−Re ¢Le¡ S¡¢ee¡z""−Mm¡gc J j¤L¤¢mu¡a'' hC−a qkla j¤u¡¢hu¡(l¡x) pÇf−LÑ ®kph j¿¹hÉ Ll¡ q−u−R a¡l

phV¤L¤ Lb¡ B¢jJ pjbÑe L¢l e¡ Hhw Lb¡ NËqeJ L¢l¢ez ¢L¿º a¡C h−m j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£(lx) ®L p¡q¡h£ ¢h−ào£ h−m fÐQ¡l Ll¡ j¡Jc¤c£ ¢h−à−olC f¢lQ¡uLz ""®Mm¡ga J j¤L¢¤ Lu¡a '' hC¢V−a ®k ¢hou B−m¡Qe¡ Ll¡ q−u−R a¡ Cpm¡−jl C¢aq¡−pl Hje c¤xMSeL LaL OVe¡l p¡−b S¢sa ®k, k¡l¡C H ¢ho−u Lmj dl−h a¡−cl f−r HLC p¡−b qkla Bm£ (l¡x) J qkla j¤u¡¢hu¡ (lx) ® L p¢WL e£¢al Efl L¡−uj ¢R−me h−m fÐj¡e Ll¡ Apñhz Bq−m p¤æ¡a Bm S¡j¡u¡−al BL£c¡ Ae¤k¡u£ qkla Bm£ (l¡x) ®M¡m¡g¡−u l¡−nc¡l A¿¹i§Ñš²z qkla j¤u¡¢hu¡ (l¡x) qkla Bm£ (l¡x)- Hl ®Mm¡ga−L ®j−e ®ee¢ez H AhÙÛ¡u EiuC ¢L L−l HLC jk¡Ñc¡l A¢dL¡l£ q−a f¡−le? qkla j¤u¡¢hu¡ (l¡x) p¡q¡h£ qJu¡ p−šÆJ Bq−m p¤æ¡a Bm S¡j¡u¡a a¡−L ®Mm¡g¡−u l¡−nc¡l A¿¹i§š² j−e L−l e¡z a¡−L Mm£g¡ e¡ h−m Bj£l j¤u¡¢hu¡ (l¡x) hm¡ quz Hl ¢eÕQuC ®L¡e L¡le l−u−Rz qkla j¤u¡¢hu¡(l¡x) Cpm¡−jl ¢hl¡V ®Mcja L−l−Re h−m ü£L¡l L−lJ Cpm¡j£ ®Mm¡g−al e£¢a J Bc−nÑl ¢cL ¢c−u I¢aq¡¢pLNZ a¡l e£¢a−L p¢WL eu h−m j¿¹hÉ L−l−Rez k¡l¡C qkla j¤u¡¢hu¡ (l¡x) Hl f−r k¤¢š² ®cu¡l ®Qø¡ L−l−Re a¡l¡ Mm£g¡−u l¡−nc qkla Bm£ (l¡x) ®L ®c¡o£ p¡hÉÙ¹ Ll−a h¡dÉ q−u−Rez p¤al¡w H C¢aq¡p Hje pjpÉ¡f§ZÑ ®k, H c¤'Se−L HLC jkÑ¡c¡l A¢dL¡l£ j−e Ll¡ HL fÐL¡n Apñhz a¡C C¢aq¡−pl A¢eh¡kÑ fÐ−u¡S−e k¡l¡ H ¢ho−u B−m¡Qe¡ L−le a¡−cl Lb¡ ¢e−u phÑ p¡d¡l−Zl j−dÉ AfÐ−u¡Se£u QQÑ¡ Ll¡ E¢Qa euz k¡l¡ I¢aq¡¢pL eu a¡l¡ H ¢e−u ¢haÑL Ll−a ®N−m ®gae¡ pª¢ø qh¡lC BnwL¡ l−u−Rz Cpm¡j£ n¡pea−¿»l j§me£¢a B−m¡Qe¡ Ll−a ¢N−u j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) L¤lBe -p¤æ¡q J CSj¡ -®L BC−el Evp h−m E−õM L−l−Rez CSj¡ j¡−e phÑ pÇja l¡uz EÇj¡−a j¤q¡Çj¡c£m Jm¡j¡−u ®Ll¡j ®L¡e ¢ho−u HLja q−m ®pV¡−LC ¢k¢e nl£u¡−al ý‹¡a h¡ cm£m h−m ü£L¡l L−le ¢a¢e ® k p¡q¡h¡−u −Ll¡−jl CSj¡−L BlJ EµQ j¡−el ý‹¡a j−e L−le a¡−a p−¾cq Ll¡l ®L¡e k¤¢š² ®eCz 1950 p¡−m Bõ¡j¡ p¡C−uc p¤m¡uj¡e e¡ci£ (lx) -Hl pi¡f¢a−aÅ Ll¡Q£−a Ae¤¢ùa phÑ−nÐe£l 31 Se hs hs B−m−jl ®k p−Çjm−e Cpm¡j£ n¡pea−¿»l 22 cg¡ j§me£¢a ®O¡oe¡ Ll¡ qu ®pM¡−e j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) ®k¡NÉ i¤¢jL¡ f¡me L−l¢R−me ac¡e£¿¹l f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el 31 Se ®nÐù Jm¡j¡l j−dÉ j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc¤c£ (lx) ¢h¢nù ÙÛ¡−el A¢dL¡l£z Hje HLSe hÉ¢š²l ¢hl¦−Ü k¡l¡ g−a¡u¡ ®ce a¡l¡ ¢e−S−cl jkÑ¡c¡C eø L−lez k¤¢š²l j¡dÉ−j j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) Hl hš²hÉ Mäe Ll¡ AhnÉC ࣢e c¡¢uaÅz ¢L¿º g−a¡u¡ fÐQ¡l Ll¡ à¡l¡ à£−el ®L¡e EfL¡l q−µR ¢Le¡ a¡ ¢h−hQe¡ Ll¡l SeÉ pw¢nÔø ph¡C−L Ae¤−l¡d Ll¢Rz BlJ HLV¡ L b¡ HM¡−e E−õM Ll¡ AfСpw¢NL q−h e¡ h−m j−e quz j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) Hl ¢hl¦−Ü f¡L-i¡la J h¡wm¡−c−nl L−uLSe B−mj AhnÉC ¢hl¦f j¿¹hÉ L−l−Rez ¢L¿º c¤¢eu¡l hs hs Jm¡j¡ J Cpm¡j£ ¢Q¿¹¡¢hc j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) ®L haÑj¡e ¢h−nÄl AeÉaj ®nÐù B−mj J Cpm¡−jl jq¡e ¢h−no‘ h−m ü£L¡l L−lez a¡l ®mM¡ a¡gp£l J AeÉ¡eÉ hC c¤¢eu¡l 40¢V i¡o¡u alSj¡ q−u mr mr ®m¡−Ll ¢eLV Cpm¡−jl B−m¡ ®f±R¡−µRz p¤al¡w H ®c−nl ¢LR¤ pwMÉ¡ ®m¡L g−a¡u¡ ¢c−u H B−m¡−L Q¡f¡ ¢c−u l¡M−a f¡l−he e¡z Bj¡l ¢hnÄ¡p ®k a¡l¡ k¢c j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) Hl hC fœ je ¢c−u fs−ae a¡q−m fR¾cC Ll−aez Hl hC fœ je ¢c−u fs−ae a¡q−m fR¾cC Ll−aez

Jm¡j¡ J j¡n¡−u−M ®Ll¡−jl ®Mcja Jm¡j¡−u ®Ll¡j J j¡n¡−u−M Hk¡−jl fТa B¢j Ni£l nÐÜ¡ J jqîa ®f¡oe L¢lz L¡lZ a¡l¡C q−me Ju¡¢lpz a¡−cl L¡−RC L¤lBe J p¤æ¡a Cmj f¡Ju¡ k¡uz A¢n¢ra ®m¡L−cl ®a¡ a¡−cl ®Mcj−a k¡Ju¡ R¡s¡ ࣢e Cmj J Bjm ®nM¡l ®L¡e fbC ®eCz Bd¤¢eL ¢n¢ra−clJ Cpm¡−jl p¢WL ‘¡e ®f−a q−m Hhw l¡p§−ml Ae¤plZ Ll−a q−m Jm¡j¡ J j¡n¡−u−Ml p¡q¡kÉ ®eu¡ R¡s¡ Ef¡u ®eCz à£−el hÉ¡fL ‘¡e L¤lBe J q¡c£p ®b−LC ®f−a qu Hhw H ¢ho−u k¡l¡ ‘¡e£ a¡−cl pq¡ua¡ R¡s¡ ®k Cw−lS£ ¢n¢ra Hhw L−mS-¢hnÄ ¢hcÉ¡m−ul ¢X¢NËd¡l£−cl ®L¡e Ef¡u ®eC Hl p¡r£ B¢j ¢e−Sz L¤lBe, q¡c£p J −gL¡q ®b−L Ni£l Cmj q¡¢pm Ll¡l SeÉ ®L¡e LJj£ h¡ Bm£u¡ j¡â¡p¡u fs¡l ®p±i¡NÉ Bj¡l qu¢ez ®kV¤L¤ p¡j¡eÉ ‘¡e Bõ¡q f¡L Bj¡−L c¡e L−l−Re a¡ q¡‚¡e£ Jm¡j¡ J j¡n¡−u−Ml j¡lg−aC ®f−u¢Rz B−mj ¢fa¡l ¢h−no a¡¢N−c ¢h,H, fkÑ¿¹ AeÉaj ¢hou ¢q−p−h Blh£ fs−a h¡dÉ qJu¡l ®kV¤L¤ Blh£ i¡o¡ BuaÅ q−u¢Rm ®pV¤L¤ pðm

L−lC Cpm¡j pÇf−LÑ fs¡öe¡l ¢LR¤ ®Qø¡ L−l¢Rz ú¤m S£he ®b−LC h¡wm¡i¡o¡l qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ Bnl¡g Bm£ b¡eh£ (lx) Hl Ae¤¢ca hC fs¡l p¤−k¡N quz 1938 p¡−m B¢j kMe Aøj ®nÐe£l R¡œ aMe ®b−LC ""®eu¡ja'' j¡¢pL f¢œL¡l ¢eu¡¢ja f¡WL ¢qp¡−h qkla b¡li£ (lx) Hl k¤¢š²f§ZÑ Ju¡k à¡l¡ B¢j Ni£li¡−h BLªø qCz a¡C qkla b¡ei£ (lx) Hl ®mM¡l Ae¤h¡cL ¢q−p−hC qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ n¡jp¤m qL g¢lcf§l£ (lx) Hl p¡−b Bj¡l O¢eø pÇfÑL quz 1950 p¡−m Hj,H,fl£r¡l L−uL j¡p B−N a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al à¡l¡ fÐi¡h¡¢ða q−u fl£r¡l fl ¢ae ¢Qõ¡u ®hl qCz H−c−n a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al Bj£l qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤m Bk£−kl p¡−b ¢Qõ¡ −ch¡l p¤−k¡N f¡Ju¡l Hhw a¡hm£−Nl ¢Qõ¡ Efm−r ¢q¾c¤Ù¹¡e ¢N−u A−eL ®k¡NÉ B−m−jl ®p¡qh−a à£−el f−b S£he EvpNÑ Ll¡l ®fÐlZ¡ f¡Cz p¡−s Q¡l hRl a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−a ¢eu¢ja L¡S Ll¡l ®k ®a±¢gL Bõ¡q f¡L ¢c−u−Re a¡−a Bj¡l S£h−e H Skh¡ fuc¡ q−u−R ®k, à£e Cpm¡jC j¤p¢mj S£h−el HLj¡œ ¢jne h¡ E−ŸnÉ qJu¡ E¢Qaz 1952 p¡−m aj¾c¤e jS¢m−pl p¡−b pÇf−LÑ qJu¡l g−m Cpm¡j−L HL¢V ¢hfÔh£ B−¾c¡me ¢q−p−h h¤Th¡l p¤−k¡N quz l¡p¤mõ¡q (p¡x) Hl S£he ®k öd¤ dj£u ®r−œC p£j¡hÜ eu, pj¡S l¡øÌ J Abѯe¢aL S£h−eJ l¡p§m ®k ¢hfÔh p¡de L−l−Re ®p ¢cL −b−LJ Cpm¡j pÇf−LÑ aMe fs¡öe¡ öl¦ L¢lz ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl j¡lg−aC phÑ fÐb−j B¢j j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) Hl ¢LR¤ hC h¡wm¡ J Cw−lS£ i¡o¡u fs¡l p¤−k¡N f¡Cz Hlfl c¤'hRl fkÑ¿¹ B¢j HL¡NË¢Q−š a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡a J ajcȤe jS¢m−p L¡S Ll−a b¡¢Lz HLC p¡−b H c¤−V¡ pwNW−el p¡−b L¡S L−l c¤¢c−Ll hC f¤Ù¹L i¡mi¡−h fs¡l p¤−k¡N f¡Cz B¢j aMe Ae¤ih L¢l ®k, Cpm¡−jl dj£u J BdÉ¡¢aÁL ¢c−Ll SeÉ a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al b¡L¡ Bj¡l SeÉ Af¢lq¡kÑ Hhw Cpm¡−jl l¡S¯e¢aL, Abѯe¢aL J AeÉ¡eÉ ¢c−Ll SeÉ ajŸ¤e jS¢mp aÉ¡N Ll¡J Bj¡l f−r Apñhz HL¢V f§Z¡‰ S£he ¢hd¡e ¢q−p−h Cpm¡j−L j−e fС−e NËqe Ll¡l fl öd¤ a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡a h¡ ajŸ¤e jS¢m−p Bj¡l aª¢oa j−el ®M¡l¡L ®fa¡j e¡z a¡C H c¤−V¡l pjeÄ−u f§ZÑ¡‰ Cpm¡j f¡Ju¡l ®Qø¡ Ll¢Rm¡jz ®pL¡−m m¡mh¡N n¡q£ jp¢S−c a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al j¡¢pL hs CS¢aj¡ q−a¡z a¡−a Bj¡−LJ hš²ªa¡ ¢c−a q−a¡z a¡hm£−Nl j−’ c¡¢s−u Ru Ep§−ml ®k hš²ªa¡ B¢j Lla¡j a¡ ö−e qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ n¡jp¤m qL g¢lcf¤l£ (lx) a¡l ¢eLVha£Ñ ®m¡L−cl L¡−R Bj¡l pÇf−LÑ j¿¹hÉ Ll−ae, "" H ®m¡L a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−a LjÑp§Q£ ¢e−u p¿¹ø b¡L−a f¡−l e¡z'' flha£Ñ L¡−m S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£−a ®k¡Nc¡e Ll¡l fl a¡l p¡−b ®cM¡ Ll−a ®N−m ®pM¡−e Ef¢ÙÛa A−eL−L p¡r£ ®l−M hm−me, ""B¢j h−m¢Rm¡j e¡ ®k, a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡a H−L BV¢L−u l¡M−a f¡l−h e¡?'' a¡l H Lb¡ ö−e B¢j Ae¤ih Llm¡j ®k, a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al j−’ hš²ªa¡L¡−m J ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl Cpm¡j£ ¢hfÔ−hl p¤l Bj¡l Lb¡u qua fÐL¡n ®f−a¡z a¡C a¡l j−a¡ ‘¡e£ hÉ¢š² H Lb¡ BQ Ll−a ®f−l¢R−mez S¡j¡u¡a Cpm¡j£−a ®k¡Nc¡e Ll¡l L¡l−e ¢a¢e Bj¡−L Evp¡¢qa Ll¡u B¢j BlJ ¢e¢ÕQa qm¡jz 1968 p¡−m Cw−lS£ i¡o¡u Bj¡l ®mM¡ A Guide to Islamic Movement, (Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el ¢cn¡l£) e¡jL hC Hl i¤¢jL¡u B¢j ¢m−M¢Rm¡j, ""Bj¡l ¢fa¡ ®b−L Cpm¡j−L HL¢V djÑ h−mC h¤−T¢Rm¡jz qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ b¡ei£ (lx) Hl ®mM¡ J j¡Jm¡e¡ g¢lcf§l£ (lx) ®p¡qh−a j¡dÉ−j Ae¤ih Llm¡j ®k, Cpm¡j HL jq¡e ¢jne Hhw Hl SeÉ S£he EvpNÑ Ll¡C Dj¡−el c¡h£z S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£−a H−p Ae¤d¡he Llm¡j ®k, Cpm¡j Hje HL ¢hfÔh£ B−¾c¡me k¡l j¡dÉ−j Bõ¡l kj£−e Bõ¡l ¢hd¡e−L L¡−uj Hje HL ¢hfÔh£ B−¾c¡me k¡l j¡dÉ−j Bõ¡l kj£−e Bõ¡l ¢hd¡e−L L¡−uj Ll¡l SeÉ ®Qø¡ Ll¡ j¤'j¤−el S£h−el ph ®Q−u glkz HMe B¢j Lªa‘a¡l p¡−b ü£L¡l Ll¢R ®k, qkla b¡ei£, a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡a, ajŸ¤e jS¢mp J S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ Bj¡−L œ²¢jL fkÑ¡−u p¢aÉL¡l j¤p¢mj qh¡l ®fÐlZ¡ ¢c−u−Rz S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£−a H−p f§e¡Ñ‰ Cpm¡−jl l©f ¢hÙ¹¡¢lai¡−h S¡eh¡l p¤−k¡N ®f−u¢Rz S¡j¡u¡−al Cpm¡j£l h¡C−l Hje L−uLSe hs B−m−jl p¡−b Bj¡l pÇfÑL ¢Rm k¡−cl L¡R ®b−L à£−el ¢h¢iæ ¢cL pÇfÑ−L B¢j k−bø B−m¡ ®f−u¢Rz a¡l¡ ®k−qa¤ Bj¡−L ®pÀq Ll−ae ®p−qa¤ AÒf pj−uJ A−eL ®hn£ g¡uc¡ a¡−cl L¡R ®b−L q¡¢pm Ll¡l p¤−k¡N a¡l¡ ¢c−aez qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ n¡jp¤m qL g¢lcf§l£ (lx) Hl j¡dÉ−jC qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ e§l j¤q¡Çjc BSj£ (lx) Hl j−a¡ jq¡‘¡e£l p¡−b O¢eø qh¡l ®p±i¡NÉ q−u¢Rmz pLm fÐL¡l ࣢e ®Mcja J pjÙ¹ ࣢e pwNW−el fТa nÐÜ¡−h¡d Hhw ph¡l pÇf−LÑ Ec¡l j−e¡i¡h ®f¡oe Ll¡l hÉ¡f¡−l H c¤'S−el j−a¡ Hje ¢hn¡mje¡ ®m¡L h¡wm¡−c−n LjC ®c−M¢Rz H c¤'S−el p¡−b ka ®hn£ pju O¢eùi¡−h ¢jnh¡l p¤−k¡N ®f−u¢R AeÉ−cl p¡−b HaV¡ e¡ ®f−mJ A−e−Ll pwØf−nÑ hý j§mÉh¡e ¢nr¡ ®f−u¢Rz Hl j−dÉ ¢h−noi¡−h E−õM−k¡NÉ q−me,

- qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ p¡C−uc j¡qj¤c j¤Ù¹g¡ Bm j¡c¡e£ nq£c (lx) - qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ j¤q¡Çj¡c BLl¡j M¡e (lx) - qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤õ¡¢ql L¡g£ Bm L¤l¡un£ (lx) - qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ Baq¡l Bm£ (lx) - qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ j¤ga£ à£e j¤q¡Çj¡c M¡e (lx) - qkla j¡Jm¡e¡ j¤ga£ p¡C−uc Bj£e¤m Cqp¡e (lx) S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l A¿¹i§š² f¡¢LÙ¹¡e , ¢q¾c¤ÙÛ¡e, J h¡wm¡−c−nl hý Jm¡j¡l O¢eù pwØf−nÑ Bp¡l ®p±i¡NÉ Bj¡l q−u−Rz a¡−cl Hhw S¡j¡u¡−al h¡C−ll A−eL Cpm¡j£ ¢Q¿¹¡¢h−cl hC-f¤Ù¹−Ll Bj¡l ࣢e ¢k−¾cN£l f¡b−l ¢q−p−h ®f−u¢Rz H B−m¡Qe¡ à¡l¡ HLb¡C fÐL¡n Ll−a Q¡C ®k, Bj¡−cl j−a¡ AN¢Za Bd¤¢eL ¢n¢ra ®m¡−Ll f−r Cpm¡−jl Cmj J Bjm pð−Ü ¢nr¡ ®f−a q−m Jm¡j¡ J j¡n¡−u−Ml p¡q¡kÉ R¡s¡ Ef¡u ®eCz Bõ¡l gk−m BS ú¤m, L−mS, CE¢ei¡¢p¢V−a j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) J AeÉ¡eÉ Jm¡j¡−u ®Ll¡−jl hC f¤Ù−¹ Ll j¡dÉ−j R¡œ-pj¡S fkÑ¿¹ Cpm¡−jl ¢c−L BLªø q−u−Rz ®k ¢nr¡ hÉhÙÛ¡ à¡l¡ Cpm¡j£ Cmj J Bj−ml ¢hfl£a je-jkN Q¢l−œl ®m¡L °al£ q−µR ®pM¡−e ®kph Cpm¡j£ p¡¢qaÉ Hje Evp¡qSeL S¡NlZ p¤¢ø L−l−R ®pph p¡¢qaÉ Jm¡j¡−clC l¢Qaz H¢ho−u p−¾cq ®eC ®k, Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el R¡œ H AR¡œ Lj£Ñl¡ Cpm¡j£ S£he ¢hd¡−el ¢h¢iæ ¢cL pÇf−LÑ Hhw L¤lBe f¡L−L l¡p¤−ml Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el B−m¡−L h¤Th¡l SeÉ ®kph hC f¤Ù−¹ Ll p¡q¡kÉ ¢e−µR Hl ®hn£l i¡NC j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx)Hl ®mM¡z L¤lBe J q¡c£−pl ¢i¢š−a Aa£a haÑj¡−el AeÉ Jm¡j¡−cl ®kph hC h¡wm¡u f¡Ju¡ k¡u a¡ ®b−LJ a¡l¡ k−bø ‘¡e ASÑe Ll−Rz ¢L¿º j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) -l H ®mM¡ h¡c ¢c−u Qm¡l ®L¡e Ef¡u ®eC h−m h¡dÉ q−u a¡l ®mM¡ hC ph¡C fs−Rz k¢c Bl L¡−l¡ Cpm¡j£ p¡¢qaÉ fÐQ¤l b¡La Hhw a¡−cl p¡¢qaÉ k¢c Cpl¡j ¢h−l¡d£ ja J f−bl ¢hl¦−Ü jkh¤a ®L¡e B−¾c¡me N−s a¤m−a f¡l−a¡ a¡q−m Bj¡−cl j−a¡ Bd¤¢eL ¢n¢ra A−e−LlC j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) Hl p¡¢qaÉ R¡s¡C H f−b H…−a f¡l−a¡z Jm¡j¡ J j¡n¡−u−M ®Ll¡j ¢L Hje Bl −L¡e hÉ¢š²l e¡j −fn Ll−a f¡−le k¡l p¡¢qaÉ Bj¡−cl−L Cpm¡j£ S£he ¢hd¡e pÇf−LÑ J k¤−Nl Ef−k¡N£ i¡o¡l ¢hÙ¹¡¢la ¢nr¡ ¢c−a f¡−l? H f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a−a kMe ®L¡e B−mj j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) -Hl ¢hl¦−Ü g−a¡u¡ ®ce aMe ay¡l pÇf−LÑ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el ¢n¢ra LjÑ£−cl ¢Ll©f d¡lZ¡ pª¢ø q−a f¡−l? ®L¡e ࣢e hÉ¢š² kMe h−me ®k, ""B¢j j¡Jc¤c£l Cpm¡j£ fR¾c L¢l e¡'' aMe LjÑ£−cl j−e ü¡i¡¢hLi¡−h fÐnÀ S¡−N ®k, j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) Cpm¡j−L kaV¤L¤ h¤Th¡l ®Qø¡ L−l−Re a¡ ®a¡ a¡l ®mM¡ p¡¢q−aÉ ØføC ®cM¡ k¡uz ¢L¿¹ ¢k¢e I Lb¡ ®a¡ L¡−l¡ S¡eh¡lC p¤−k¡N q−m¡ e¡z a¡q−m I hÉ¢š²l H S¡a£u ®O¡oZ¡ à¡l¡ juc¡−el q¡S¡l q¡S¡l LjÑ£l j−e ¢L ay¡l pÇf−LÑ ®L¡e p¤d¡lZ¡l pª¢ø q−a f¡−l? k¢c ¢a¢e p¢WL Cpm¡j ®fn L−l ¢e−S−L ""j¡Jc¤c£l i§m Cpm¡j£'' ®b−L lr¡ Ll¡l ®k¡NÉ h− fÐj¡Z ¢c−a f¡l−ae a¡q−m Cpm¡−jl SeÉ k¡l¡ h¡¢a−ml ¢hl¦−Ü pwNË¡j Ll−R ay¡l¡ a¡−LC ®ea¡ ¢qp¡−h NËqZ Ll−a¡ Hhw j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx)-Hl hC fs¡ clL¡l j−e Ll−a¡ e¡z B¢j pjÙ¹ q¡‚¡e£ Jm¡j¡ J j¡n¡−u−Ml ®Mcj−a A¢a ¢he−ul p¡−b Blk Ll¢R ®k, Bfe¡l¡ ®j−qlh¡e£ L−l HLV¤ pju J nÐj MlQ L−l j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx)-Hl 6 M−ä ¢m¢Ma a¡gp£l ""l¡p¡−um J j¡p¡−um'' e¡jL f¤ÙL ¹ …−m¡ f−s ®cM¤e z öd¤ A−eÉl j¿¹hÉ ö−eC ¢pÜ¡¿¹ e¡ ¢e−u ¢e−S ®c−M Bj¡−cl ph¡lC SJu¡h¢c¢q Ll−a q−hz BS h¡wm¡−c−n Cpm¡−jl ¢hl¦−Ü La hs hs ¢gae¡ j¡b¡ a¤−m cy¡¢s−u−Rz djÑ-¢el−fra¡h¡c i¡o¡ ¢i¢šL S¡a£ua¡h¡c, pj¡Sa¿» CaÉ¡¢c ¢hl¡V n¢š² ¢e−u H ®cn ®b−L Cpm¡j£ BcnÑ−L EvM¡a Ll¡l osk−¿» ¢mçz h¡Ù¹h juc¡−e H ph ¢gae¡l j¤L¡¢hm¡u L¡l¡ LaV¤L¤ Cpm¡−jl f−r L¡S Ll−Re a¡ ®cnh¡p£ ph¡C ®cM−a f¡−µRz Cpm¡j ¢h−l¡d£ n¢š²…−m¡ L¡−cl−L fÐLªa c¤nje j−e Ll−R a¡J ph¡C ®cM−Rez L−mS ¢hnÄ¢hÉ¡mu pq juc¡−e k¡l¡ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−e BaÈ¢e−u¡N Ll−R Hhw k¡−cl ¢hl−Ü djÑ-¢el−fr a¡h¡c£ J pj¡Sa¿»£l¡ HL ®S¡V q−u ®m−N−R a¡l¡ ¢L Bfe¡−cl ph¡l p¡q¡kÉ-pq¡e¤i§¢a J pjbÑ−el ®L¡e qL l¡−M e¡? H AhÙÛ¡u Cpm¡−jl c¤nje−cl ¢hl¦−Ü ®L¡e B−¾c¡me e¡ L−l k¡l¡ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el ¢hl¦−Ü "j¡Jc¤c£ ¢gae¡' h−m g−a¡u¡ ®ce a¡−cl H L¡S ¢L f−l¡ri¡−h Cpm¡−jl c¤nje−cl f−r k¡u e¡? Cpm¡−jl p¢aÉL¡l clc b¡L−m juc¡−e

LjÑla Cpm¡j£ f−r k¡u e¡? Cpm¡−jl p¢aÉL¡l clc b¡L−m juc¡−e LjÑla Cpm¡j£ LjÑ£−cl−L p¡q¡kÉ Ll¡C ü¡i¡¢hLz j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx)-Hl hC -Hl ®kph Lb¡ L¤lBe J q¡c£p pÇja eu h−m ®LE j−e L−le k¤¢š² pqL¡−l ®p ph i§m d¢l−u ¢cez Hi¡−h i§m d¢l−u ¢c−m Cpm¡−jl ¢hl¡V ®Mcja q−h Hhw Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el Lj£Ñl¡ dl−el Jm¡j¡ J j¡n¡−u−Ml ¢eLV Lªa‘ b¡L−hz ¢L¿¹ H LøV¤L¤ ü£L¡l e¡ L−l k¢c g−a¡u¡ ¢c−uC c¡¢uaÅ f¡m−el ®Qø¡ Ll¡ qu a¡q−m g−a¡u¡c¡a¡NZ p−Qae ®m¡L−cl L¡−R nÐÜ¡l Bpe ¢L L−l f¡−he? Jm¡j¡ J j¡n¡−uM p¡−qh¡−el ®Mcj−a HLV¡ ¢hou pÇf−LÑ ¢h−noi¡−h ¢Q¿¹¡ J ¢h−hQe¡ Ll¡l SeÉ B¢j BL¤m B−hce S¡e¡¢µRz Bj¡−cl ¢fÐu S¾ji§¢j h¡wm¡−c−n djÑ ¢el−fra¡h¡c£, i¡laf¿Û£ J pj¡Sa¿»£ cm…−m¡ ¢Li¡−h °h−c¢nL fªù−f¡oLa¡l rja¡ cM−ml ®Qø¡ Ll−R a¡ ¢eÕQuC Bfe¡l¡ mrÉ Ll−Rez R¡œpj¡−Sl j−dÉJ Hph c−ml hý pwNWe B−Rz Hph Cpm¡j ¢h−l¡d£ n¢š²l j¤L¡¢hm¡u hªqšl juc¡−e S¡j¡u¡−al Cpm¡j£ Hhw R¡œ jq−m Cpm¡j£ R¡œ ¢n¢hl ®k pwNË¡j L−l k¡−µR a¡J Bfe¡−cl AS¡e¡ euz H AhÙÛ¡u k¡l¡ Cpm¡j−L i¡mh¡−pe a¡−cl ¢L LaÑhÉ qJu¡ E¢Qa a¡ Bfe¡l¡C ¢h−hQe¡ Ll¦ez H f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a−a S¡j¡u¡−al Cpm¡j£−L p¡q¡kÉ pq−k¡¢Na¡ c¡e Ll¡C ¢L ࣢e c¡¢uaÅ eu? H c¡¢uaÅ f¡me e¡ Ll¡l g−m k¢c Cpm¡j ¢h−l¡d£ n¢š² ¢hSu£ q−u k¡l a¡q−m Bfe¡−cl haÑj¡e ࣢e ®McjaV¤L¤l p¤−k¡N b¡L−h ¢Le¡ a¡ ¢Q¿¹¡ Ll¡l HMeJ pju B−Rz phÑ−n−o Blk Ll−a Q¡C ®k, j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£l ®mM¡ hC-Hl j−dÉ Bq¢m p¤æ¡a Bm-S¡j¡u¡−al ®Mm¡g k¢c ®L¡e Lb¡ b¡−L a¡q−m −p ph ¢Q¢q²a Ll¡l hÉ¡f¡−l Bj¡−cl−L p¡q¡kÉ Ll¦ez Bjl¡ ¢e−S−cl−L Bq¢m p¤æ¡a Bm S¡j¡u¡−al A¿¹i§š² h−m ¢hnÄ¡p L¢lz a¡C H¢cL ¢c−k a¡l hC-Hl j−dÉ i§m b¡L−m a¡ Bjl¡ ®L¡e œ²−jC NËqe Llh e¡z H ¢ho−uJ HL¢V Lb¡l ¢c−L ph¡l cª¢ø BLoÑe Ll−a Q¡Cz ®LE ®LE j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) Hl ®L¡e Lb¡ j§m hCHl hš²hÉ ®b−L Bm¡c¡ L−l (¢pu¡L J p¡h¡L R¡s¡) Hjei¡−h ®fn L−l b¡−Le k¡l g−m ¢hï¡¢¿¹ pª¢ø quz a¡C j§m hC e¡ ®c−M öd¤ ¢h¢µRæ ®L¡e Lb¡l ¢i¢š−a ®L¡e ¢pÜ¡−¿¹ ®f±R¡ ¢el¡fc euz AN¢ea Bd¤¢eL ¢n¢ra ®m¡−Ll p¡−b Bj¡l hÉ¡fL ®k¡N¡−k¡N quz a¡−cl A¢dL¡wnC B−mj pj¡S pÇf−LÑ i¡m d¡le¡ l¡−M e¡z a¡−cl p¡−b Bj¡l ¢haLÑ quz a¡−cl−L B¢j h¤T¡C ®k à£−el Cmj B−mj pj¡S ®b−LC ®f−a q−hz a¡−cl fТa nÐÜ¡−h¡d e¡ b¡L−m à£−el Cmj ®L¡b¡u f¡Ju¡ k¡−h? B−mj pj¡S−L Bd¤¢eL ¢n¢ra ®m¡L−cl ¢eLV nÐÜ¡l f¡œ ¢q−p−h NeÉ q−a q−m g−a¡u¡l i¡o¡u j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£ (lx) Hl pj¡−m¡Qe¡ e¡ L−l pw−n¡d−el ¢eu−a i§m d¢l−u ¢c−a q−hz ®kph ¢n¢ra ®m¡L Cpm¡j pÇf−LÑ S¡e−a Evp¡q£ a¡l¡ j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc¤c£l hC−LC fÐd¡e pðm ¢q−p−h f¡ez g−a¡u¡l ¡ L¡l−Z k¢c H ph ®m¡−Ll j−e Jm¡j¡ J j¡n¡−uM pÇf−LÑ AnÐÜ¡l pª¢ø qu a¡q−m à£−el ¢hl¡V r¢a q−u k¡−hz ¢L¿º clcf§ZÑ i¡u¡u k¢c a¡l¡ i¤m d¢l−u ®ce a¡q−m a¡−cl fТa nÐÜ¡ BlJ ®h−s k¡−hz

Related Documents

Establishing Islam
November 2019 10
Establishing Rapport
May 2020 16
Establishing Connectivity
November 2019 21
Establishing Business
November 2019 12