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University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
What is Environmental Engineering? Engineering - the application of engineering principles, under constraints of scientific principles to the planning, design, construction and operation of structures, equipment and systems for the benefit of society
Environmental Engineering - the branch of engineering that is concerned with: protecting the environment protecting human populations improving environmental quality for human health
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
The Environment Localized Area
Small Volume
Global
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
Atmosphere - a mixture of gases extending outward from the surface of the earth
Hydrosphere - consists of the oceans, the lakes and streams, and shallow groundwater bodies that interflow with the surface water
Lithosphere - the soil that wraps the core of the earth
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
The Biosphere
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere Lithosphere
Biosphere
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
The Impact of Human upon the Environment Satisfying Natural Needs
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
Satisfying Acquired Needs
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
The Impact of the Environment upon Humans
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
Improvement of Environmental Quality Environmental Strategies - are comprehensive plans that usually address a variety of problems that confront a single area
Environmental Tactics - the means for achieving the goals set forth in a specific portion of a given environmental strategies
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
Improvement of Environmental Quality Edwin Chadwick – penned the ‘sanitary idea’ as a means of promoting better health among the masses - ‘An Inquiry into the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain’ 1842 report
Chadwick’s engineering solutions included: Supplying each dwelling with clean drinking water Removing wastewater from dwellings and collecting it in a network of pipes Applying collected sewage to agricultural land
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
Table 1. The Industrial Revolution and Public Health Date
Science and Technology
Citizen groups and professional opinion
1842
1847
18489 1850s
1860s 1880s
1884
Englishman William Budd links typhoid fever to water polluted by sewage. New cholera Commuter railroads’ epidemic. smoke and noise begin to appear in American suburbs Pasteur experiments with microbes and vaccines United States boasts 598 waterworks systems. Most sewage systems dump untreated waste into rivers, streams, lakes, harbors.
American Medical Association founded with intent to conduct sanitation surveys
‘The sanitary question’ gains national prominence in England. Miasma theory guides public opinion Engineering journals debate single-pipe versus separate sewer system designed by Col. Waring Ladies Protective Association founded
Government Activity Chadwick’s monumental public health report calls for engineering solutions to environmental miasma. Griscom’s New York study in 1845 reaches similar conclusion. England’s National Public Health Act passes For two generations, Royal Commissioners recommended purifying sewage by spreading it on the land England’s River Pollution Act of 1876 makes it an offence to discharge sewage into streams
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
Table 1. The Industrial Revolution and Public Health Date
Science and Technology
Citizen groups and professional opinion
Government Activity
1890s
Water closets present engineers with overflow, collection, disposal problems. Series of typhoid Chlorine introduced to epidemics occur. purify water supplies.
British Commissions give up land spreading of sewage as impractical; begin to advocate treatment and dilution methods. Engineer Col. Waring appointed New York’s first street-cleaning Commissioner.
1900
3.5 million horses living in American cities, representing air/water pollution problems.
Medical community pitted against engineering societies over who should decide issues of public health. Engineers prefer dilution and filtration/purification methods for economic reasons. Physicians argue for wastewater treatment. International Association for the Prevention of Smoke established.
Pennsylvania passes law that forbids cities to dump untreated sewage. Resulted in widespread dumping of sewage to rivers and Pittsburg did not get a sewage plant until 1959
19057 1910
1914
Hazan and Whipple Report concluded that a new sewage treatment plant ofr Pittsburg served no advantage from an Arden and Lockett economic and heath discover “activated standpoint sludge’.
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
Table 2. Air Pollution episodes Location
Date
Meuse Valley, Belgium
Dec. 1930
Pollutant Effects s SO2 63 excess deaths
Donora PA, USA Poza Rica,
Oct. 1948
SO2
Nov. 1950
Mexico London
H2S
Dec. 1952
SO2
New York
Nov. 1966
SO2
20 excess deaths 22 excess deaths 4000 excess deaths 168 excess deaths
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
The Role of the Environmental Engineer
- amplify and optimize the operations observed in nature - engineered system for pollution control - knowledgeable in the in the mathematical, physical and engineering sciences - build a bridge between biology and technology - must have keen awareness of the natural constrains in the environment
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
Environmental Law Global London Law of the Sea, 1962 Montreal Protocol, 1987/90 Stockholm Agreement, 1972 Rio Declaration, 1992
US Federal USEPA
Europe EU, Brussels
US state
Country by country
Country/City
Country/City
Figure 1. Levels of environmental legislation in the European Union and the United States.
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
…… in the Philippines
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 Republic Act No. 9003 Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 Republic Act No. 8749 Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990 Republic Act No. 6969 National Water and Air Pollution Control Commission Act Republic Act No. 3931
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
What is Environmental Engineering? Engineering - the application of engineering principles, under constraints of scientific principles to the planning, design, construction and operation of structures, equipment and systems for the benefit of society
Environmental Engineering - the branch of engineering that is concerned with: protecting the environment protecting human populations improving environmental quality for human health
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
The Environment Localized Area
Small Volume
Global
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
Atmosphere - a mixture of gases extending outward from the surface of the earth
Hydrosphere - consists of the oceans, the lakes and streams, and shallow groundwater bodies that interflow with the surface water
Lithosphere - the soil that wraps the core of the earth
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
The Biosphere
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere Lithosphere
Biosphere
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
The Impact of Human upon the Environment Satisfying Natural Needs
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
Satisfying Acquired Needs
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
The Impact of the Environment upon Humans
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
Improvement of Environmental Quality Environmental Strategies - are comprehensive plans that usually address a variety of problems that confront a single area
Environmental Tactics - the means for achieving the goals set forth in a specific portion of a given environmental strategies
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
Improvement of Environmental Quality Edwin Chadwick – penned the ‘sanitary idea’ as a means of promoting better health among the masses - ‘An Inquiry into the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain’ 1842 report
Chadwick’s engineering solutions included: Supplying each dwelling with clean drinking water Removing wastewater from dwellings and collecting it in a network of pipes Applying collected sewage to agricultural land
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
Table 1. The Industrial Revolution and Public Health Date
Science and Technology
Citizen groups and professional opinion
1842
1847
18489 1850s
1860s 1880s
1884
Englishman William Budd links typhoid fever to water polluted by sewage. New cholera Commuter railroads’ epidemic. smoke and noise begin to appear in American suburbs Pasteur experiments with microbes and vaccines United States boasts 598 waterworks systems. Most sewage systems dump untreated waste into rivers, streams, lakes, harbors.
American Medical Association founded with intent to conduct sanitation surveys
‘The sanitary question’ gains national prominence in England. Miasma theory guides public opinion Engineering journals debate single-pipe versus separate sewer system designed by Col. Waring Ladies Protective Association founded
Government Activity Chadwick’s monumental public health report calls for engineering solutions to environmental miasma. Griscom’s New York study in 1845 reaches similar conclusion. England’s National Public Health Act passes For two generations, Royal Commissioners recommended purifying sewage by spreading it on the land England’s River Pollution Act of 1876 makes it an offence to discharge sewage into streams
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
Table 1. The Industrial Revolution and Public Health Date
Science and Technology
Citizen groups and professional opinion
Government Activity
1890s
Water closets present engineers with overflow, collection, disposal problems. Series of typhoid Chlorine introduced to epidemics occur. purify water supplies.
British Commissions give up land spreading of sewage as impractical; begin to advocate treatment and dilution methods. Engineer Col. Waring appointed New York’s first street-cleaning Commissioner.
1900
3.5 million horses living in American cities, representing air/water pollution problems.
Medical community pitted against engineering societies over who should decide issues of public health. Engineers prefer dilution and filtration/purification methods for economic reasons. Physicians argue for wastewater treatment. International Association for the Prevention of Smoke established.
Pennsylvania passes law that forbids cities to dump untreated sewage. Resulted in widespread dumping of sewage to rivers and Pittsburg did not get a sewage plant until 1959
19057 1910
1914
Hazan and Whipple Report concluded that a new sewage treatment plant ofr Pittsburg served no advantage from an Arden and Lockett economic and heath discover “activated standpoint sludge’.
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
Table 2. Air Pollution episodes Location
Date
Meuse Valley, Belgium
Dec. 1930
Pollutant Effects s SO2 63 excess deaths
Donora PA, USA Poza Rica,
Oct. 1948
SO2
Nov. 1950
Mexico London
H2S
Dec. 1952
SO2
New York
Nov. 1966
SO2
20 excess deaths 22 excess deaths 4000 excess deaths 168 excess deaths
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
The Role of the Environmental Engineer
- amplify and optimize the operations observed in nature - engineered system for pollution control - knowledgeable in the in the mathematical, physical and engineering sciences - build a bridge between biology and technology - must have keen awareness of the natural constrains in the environment
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
Environmental Law Global London Law of the Sea, 1962 Montreal Protocol, 1987/90 Stockholm Agreement, 1972 Rio Declaration, 1992
US Federal USEPA
Europe EU, Brussels
US state
Country by country
Country/City
Country/City
Figure 1. Levels of environmental legislation in the European Union and the United States.
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
…… in the Philippines
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 Republic Act No. 9003 Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 Republic Act No. 8749 Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990 Republic Act No. 6969 National Water and Air Pollution Control Commission Act Republic Act No. 3931
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
University of San Carlos - Department of Chemical Engineering
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