Enhancement Of Transdermal Drug Penetration By Iontophoresis

ENHANCEMENT OF TRANSDERMAL DRUG PENETRATION BY IONTOPHORESIS

JAIPUR SUBMITTED BY: BY: DHEERAJ KHANDELWAL B.PHARM. PART-IV (Pharmaceutics) Enroll no.-06/15428

SUPERVISED M.K. GUPTA LECTURER SKIP, JAIPUR

SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, JAIPUR-302025

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CONTENTS

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DEVELOPEMENT & HISTORY OF IONTOPHORESIS NDDS TECHNIQUE WHY IONTOPHORESIS ??? THE STORY BEHIND IONTOPHORESIS

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INTRODUCTION DEFINITION

Iontophoresis can be defined as the process in which the flux or rate of absorption of ionic solutes into or through skin is enhanced by applying a voltage drop/electric field across the skin. TYPES STRUCRURE & PHYSIOLOGY OF SKIN

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STRUCTURE OF SKIN

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THEORY & PRINCIPLE OF IONTOPHORESIS The idea of applying electric current to

increase the penetration of electrically charged drug in to surface tissue was probably organized by veratti in 1947. FICK’S LAW PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF IONIC DRUG > Paracellular > Transcellular 6

FACTORS AFFECTING IONTOPHORESIS > Influence of ph > Current strength > Ionic strength > Current density > Physical factors > Patient anatomical factors

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MECHANISM OF IONTOPHORESIS Skin is known to consist of lipids (15-20%),40%proteins(mostly keratin) and approximately 40% water. When applied across skin, as in case of iontophoretic treatment, an electric potential may alter the molecular arrangement of these skin components. This alteration could yield some change in the skin permeability. In the stratum corneum which is rich in keratin, an alpha-helical polypeptide. flip-flop of poly peptide helicles may occur to form a parallel arrangement. pores are thus opened as a result of the repulsion between neighbouring dipoles, and water molecules and ions will flow in the pore channel to neutralize the dipole moment. The phenomena should lead to an enhancement in skin permeability for peptide and protein molecules and other charged molecules 8

An Explanation of Iontophoresis

> PASSIVE DIFFUSION > ELECTRO MIGRATION > ELECTRO REPLUSION

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Devices & Preparations for iontophoresis IONTOPHORESIS MACHINE DIGITAL DUAL CHANNEL IONTOPHORESIS

MACHINE Dual Channel Detects skin impedance changes and compensates Single or dual phase polarity( no lead wire change) Ramp-up adjustable to patient tolerance

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PREPARATIONS EYE ELIXIR TRANSDERMAL PATCH

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Advantages of iontophoresis Non invasive No toxicity problems Fewer side effects important in systemic delivery of

peptide/protein based pharmaceuticals predictable and extended duration of action. Reduce frequency of dosage Self-administration is possible

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Disadvantages Cause of burns Electric shocks may cause by high current

density at the skin surface Possibility of cardiac arrest High molecular weight

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APPLICATIONS OF IONTOPHORESIS  Dermatology  Ulcers Fungal infection Viral Infections Herpes simplex Hyperhidrosis Anesthesia Sweat test

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CURRENT INVESTIGATIONS & RESEARCH Heat-Enhanced Transdermal Drug

Delivery Scientific Researches

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REFERENCES 1. Saraf Swarnlata,Singh Deependra,Saraf S, Iontophoresis-A Review From:http://www.pharmainfo.net/reviews/iontophoresis-review accessed on-16/8/09. 2. Jain N.K “Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery” Published by CBS Publishers& Distributors New Delhi;Edition-Sixth; P.No.191-196. 3. Nair V, Pillai O, Poduri R, Panchagnula R,Iontophoresis- Review From:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1032 7395. Accessed on-17/8/09. 4. Rawat Swati,Vengurlekar Sudha, B Rakesh, Jain S, Review Article on   Transdermal delivery by iontophoresis From:- http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp? issn=0250474X;year=2008;volume=70;issue=1;spage=5;epage=10;aulast=Rawat Accessed-25/8/09. 5. Seung Hun Lee, Eung Ho Choi, Kenneth R Feingold, Shaojun Jiang and Sung Ku Ahn, Department of Dermatology From:http://www.nature.com/jid/journal/v111/n1/full/5600285a.html. Accessed on-28/809.

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6. Thomas I. Palmoplantar hyperhidrosis: a therapeutic challenge From:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007293.htm. Accessed on-17/8/09 7. Rai Reena, Srinivas CR, Department of Dermatology, From :http://www.ijdvl.com/article.asp?issn=03786323;year=2005; volume=71;issue=4;spage=236;epage=241;aulast=Rai.Accessed on25/8/09 8. Bhaskaran S, Harsha N Shree “ Effect of permeation enhancer and iontophoresis on permeation of atenolol from transdermal gels” From:http://www.ijpsonline.com/article.asp? issn=0250474X;year=2000;volume=62;issue=6;spage=424;epage=426; aulast=Bhaskaran;type=0. Accessed on-3/9/09 9. Nair V, Pillai O, Poduri R, Transdermal iontophoresis. Part I: Basic principles and considerations From:http://journals.prous.com/journals/servlet/xmlxsl/pk_journals.xml_sum mary_pr?p_JournalId=6&p_RefId=529241&p_IsPs=N 5 Accessed on- 7/9/09

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Queries?????

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THANK YOU

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