English_assignment_part1.docx

VILLORA, Keziah Eldene M. 2018-110071

ACTIVITY 1

PHILIPPI NES

STATE

GOVERN MENT

EXECUT IVE

LEGISLA TIVE

JUDICIA RY

FILIPINO S

RIGHTS

OBLIGA TIONS

The world is basically composed of land and waters. Each land is divided and established into various states. A State is any political organization with a centralized government that maintains a monopoly by use of force within its geographical territory. Some states may be sovereign while others are subject to external sovereignty or hegemony, wherein the supreme authority comes from another state. A state may also be referred to as a country. We live under the sovereignty of the country of Philippines. As a sovereign state, the Philippines has its own government and economy. It is a republic with a presidential form of Government wherein its powers is divided among its three interdependent branches: executive, legislative and judiciary. The Executive branch is headed by the President, with the Vice President as the next in line. Both positions are elected to a six-year term, and may be subjected to an impeachment. The branch is the law-enforcing body. The Legislative branch is vested in the Congress of the Philippines which consists of the Senates and House of Representatives. The branch is known to be the law-making body. Lastly, the Judiciary branch is headed by the Supreme Court which has a Chief Justice as its head. There are various types of courts of varying jurisdictions under its powers. The branch is the law-interpreting body. All these branches have the same goal which is to protect the common good of its citizens, the Filipinos. Every Filipino citizen is subject to Rights and Obligations, all of which is inherent upon birth and shall only be extinguished through death.

ACTIVITY 2

1.

Acuity is the sharpness or keenness of one's perceptual senses such us vision and hearing.

It can also be used in reference to the intellect. 2.

Acumen is the ability to make pointed decisions, have sharp intellect, make good

strategic moves, and be successful in ones selected field. 3.

Acuteness is the state or quality of excelling, being accurate and showing an ability to

notice different details. 4.

Apperception is the mental process by which a person makes sense of an idea by

integrating such idea with the body of ideas they already possess. 5.

Appraisal is an act of assessing or evaluating something or someone in order to make

good judgments. 6.

Appraisement is the result of estimating or judging the nature or value of something or

someone. 7.

Appreciation is the recognition or fully-understanding of the situation.

8.

Apprehension may be a fear or anxiety about an upcoming situation. It may also be an

act of arresting someone. 9.

Ascertainment is the process of finding out the assurance or certainty of a fact or

situation. 10.

Assessment is the evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of something

or someone. 11.

Astuteness is the ability to accurately assess a situation or person and turn such results

into one's advantage. 12.

Attention is the act of taking notice of something or someone.

13.

Awareness is the state of being conscious. It is the ability to directly know and perceive,

to feel, or to be cognizant of something.

14.

Clear Perception is a concise view, idea, or understanding of the world through the

senses. 15.

Clear Sight is the ability of having a full and untainted view of an object or situation.

16.

Cleverness is the display of intelligence through the ability to quickly understand, learn,

devise or apply new ideas. 17.

Cognition is a mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding

through thought, experience and the senses. 18.

Cognizance is an act of noticing or considering something especially in judging.

19.

Esoteric is a subject that is intended for only a small number of people with a specialized

knowledge or interest of a specific field is likely to understand. 20.

Espousal is an act of expressing support for a cause, belief, or a way of life.

21.

Espouse is an act of adopting or embracing a cause or belief.

22.

Espousement is an act of expressing ones support for a cause, belief or a way of life.

23.

Escheat is a common law doctrine that reverts a property of a private person who died

without legal heirs, back to the state. 24.

Eschewment is an act of deliberately avoiding a habit on moral or practical grounds.

25.

Escape Notice is a written memorandum to notify a person about the failure of

compliance.

ACTIVITY 3

An Irish poet and playwright once said: "Be yourself; everyone else is already taken". I am Keziah Eldene M. Villora, 24 years old and residing in Malolos, Bulacan. I am currently a part-time freshman student of Bulacan State University's Juris Doctor program and a full-time employee of DPCDATA Philippines Inc. as a Junior Financial Data Analyst. My primary and secondary education were spent in International Philippine School in AlKhobar. However, when my dad decided to leave Saudi Arabia and permanently reside in the Philippines, I spent my senior year in Stella Maris Academy of Malolos. I graduated last December 2015 from University of the Philippines Los Baños, earning a degree in Bachelor of Science in Applied Mathematics with specialization in Mathematical Finance. Throughout the years of my education, I have only taken up courses about basic vocabulary, grammar, writing, reading and speech communication with regards to the English subject. As a math major student, a quarter of the subjects that I am required to take were purely math courses. I have always wanted to take graduate studied, either a master's in finance or in business administration. After several talks with my parents and confidants, I have decided to take up law instead. After spending two semesters, I am have taken a big interest in the Family Code and Criminal Law. Both fields of law are indeed shaping me about how I perceive the society I live in as well as my environment in general. Also, I am quite excited on taking up Environmental and Intellectual Property laws. I still do not know what the future holds for me. If I am indeed destined to be a lawyer, ironic as it may seem, I want to give a relevance in the field, have a great impact and make the society a better place for me and my family. A wise man once said "The past cannot be changed. The future is yet in your power."

ACTIVITY 4

1.

The Courts is government institution with authority to judge or adjudicate legal disputes

between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters, all in accordance with the law. The Philippine Court System includes the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, Regional Trial Courts, Metropolitan Trial Court, Municipal Trial Court, and Municipal Circuit Trial Court. Special Court also includes the Court of Tax Appeals and Sandiganbayan. There are also Muslin Courts such as the Sharia District and Circuit Courts. 2.

A Law is a rule of conduct, just, obligatory, promulgated by the competent authority for

the common good of a people or nation, which constitutes an obligatory rule for all its members. The following are the sources of law in the Philippines: the 1987 Constitution, legislations, administrative and executive orders, jurisprudences, and customs. 3.

Legislation is the declaration of legal rules by a competent authority. It is the

preponderant source of law in the Philippines. It includes statutes (the acts passed by the legislatures) and ordinances (acts enacted by local governments). 4.

Judicial Precedent is a legal case law establishing a principle or rule that a court,

particularly the Supreme Court, or other judicial body may apply while deciding a subsequent case which involves similar issues or facts. In the Doctrine of Precedent or Stare Decisis, the decisions of the Supreme Court are binding on a point of law and all of its subordinate courts. However, they may reverse or modify its previous rulings. 5.

Parliament is the legislative body of the government. In the Philippines, its legislative

body is composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Generally, its functions are to represent the electorate, make laws, and oversee the government via hearings and inquiries. 6.

Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement. They are the

fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, in accordance with the law, social conventions or ethical theories. In the Philippines, the basic rights of its citizens are defined by the 1987 Philippine Constitution.

7.

The Constitution is the supreme law of a state. In the Philippines, we abide by the 1987

Philippine Constitution. Its earliest form that established the Republic of the Philippines is the 1899 Malolos Constitution. 8.

A Judge is a person who presides over court proceedings. He may be alone or a part of a

panel of judges. Its duty is to conduct the trial impartially and typically in an open court. He must hear all the witnesses and any other evidences presented by the counsels, assess the credibility and arguments of the parties involved, then issue a ruling on the case based on the law. 9.

Custom consists of habits and practices through long and uninterrupted usage that have

been acknowledged and approved by society as binding rules of conduct. Article 12 of the Civil Code of the Philippines states that A custom must be proved as a fact according to the rules of evidence. It is also a source of law and can be applied by the Courts in case of absence of law or statute applicable for the controversy. 10.

A Code is a collection of laws that were enacted by the competent authorities and should

be binding upon its constituents. The following are examples of codes in the Philippines: Revised Penal Code, Civil Code, Family Code, etc.