En Do Genetic Mc Bank

Subject: Date: Answering Time: Student Name: Class: I. Multiple Choices Choose the best option and write the correct answer in the box provided. 1. Which of the following diagrams shows the correct location

of volcanoes and fold mountains along a

destructive plate boundary?

A.

B.

C.

D. □

2. If tension is acted on the rock mass shown below, which of the following diagrams shows the correct resultant landscape?

□ 3. The diagram below shows some features of a volcano. Which of the following is correct?

A. B. C. D.

1

2

3

4

Caldera Crater Lava flow Parasitic cone

Vent Parasitic cone Parasitic cone Crater

Lava flow Vent Crater Vent

Magma Lava flow Vent Magma □

4. The diagrams below show the shapes of three volcanoes. Study carefully and answer the following two questions. 1 2 3

(a)

What type of volcano is shown in each diagram? 1 2 A. Acid lava cone Composite cone B. Composite cone Ash and cinder cone C. Ash and cinder cone Basic lava cone D. Acid lava cone Ash and cinder cone

3 Basic lava cone Basic lava cone Composite cone Composite cone □

(b)

The difference in the shape of volcanoes is mainly because of A. gas and silica content of lava. B. frequency of eruption. C. location of the volcanoes. D. erosion. □

5. The diagram below shows a cross-section of the geological structure of a place. Study carefully and answer the following two questions.

(a)

Which of the following matching is correct? 1 2 A. B. C. D.

Volcano Block mountain Rift valley Fold mountain

Rift valley Rift valley Fault scarp Block mountain

3 Thrust fault Fault scarp Tear fault Rift valley □

(b) (1) (2) (3)

In reference to last question, which of the following contribute(s) to the above landforms? Compressional force Tensional force Dip angle of the fault

A. B. C. D.

(1) only (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only □

6. Which of the following processes have taken place in the diagram shown?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Downward displacement of rocks Normal faulting Reverse faulting Folding A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. All of the above □

7. Which of the following is not Process A. B. C. D.

Vulcanicity Folding Faulting Convection current

correctly paired? Resulting feature Batholith Metamorphic rocks Oceanic trench Plate movement □

8. The Alpine-Himalayan Belt is formed due to the collision of which of the following plates? (1) Pacific Plate (2) African Plate (3) Indo-Australian Plate (4) Eurasian Plate A. (3) and (4) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only □ 9. Which of the following statements about the Philippine Islands are correct? (1) It is a volcanic island arc. (2) They are formed parallel to the Philippine Trench. (3) Mt. Mayon is one of the volcanoes on the Islands. (4) They are formed by the collision of Pacific Plate and Philippine Plate. A. (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (3) only C. (1), (2) and (4) only D. (1), (3) and (4) only □ 10. What kind of features can be found along constructive plate boundary? (1) Oceanic trench (2) Mid-oceanic ridge (3) Submarine volcano (4) Rift valley A. (2) and (3) only B. (2) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only □ 11. Which direction of plate movement shown in the figure below is incorrect?

□ 12. The table below shows the characteristics of different layers of the earth. Which of the following are correct? Core Mantle Crust (1) (2) (3) (4)

Temperature Density Thickness Material A. B. C. D.

Highest Lowest Thickest Iron and nickel

Medium Medium Medium Iron and magnesium

Lowest Highest Thinnest Silica, aluminium and magnesium

(1), (2) and (3) only (1), (3) and (4) only (2), (3) and (4) only (1), (2), (3) and (4) □

13. Which of the following types of fold are correctly named?

A. B. C. D.

(1), (2) and (3) only (1), (3) and (4) only (2), (3) and (4) only (1), (2), (3) and (4) □

14. Which of the following comparisons about the Himalayas and the Andes are correct? (1) The Himalayas is located at Asia and the Andes is located at the South America. (2) Both the Himalayas and the Andes are young fold mountains. (3) Both the Himalayas and the Andes are formed by the collision of two continental plates. (4) Both the Himalayas and the Andes have active volcanic activities or earthquakes. A. (1) and (4) only B. (2) and (4) only C. (1), (2) and (4) only D. (1), (3) and (4) only □ 15. Which of the following diagrams shows the correct location

of parasitic cones?

A.

B.

C.

D. □

16. Which of the following types of rock is usually found around the mid-oceanic ridges? A. Shale B. Rhyolite C. Basalt D. Quartzite □ 17. The following statements describe how a fold mountain is formed. Which of the following is the correct sequence of occurrence? (1) Formation of sedimentary rocks along plate margins. (2) Sedimentary rocks are uplifted to form mountain range. (3) Compressional force is produced when two plates collide. (4) Weathering and erosion of landmass on the continental plates. A. (1), (3), (2), (4) B. (4), (1), (3), (2) C. (4), (3), (1), (2) D. (3), (4), (1), (2) □ 18. Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The newest crustal rocks are found at the subduction zone. (2) Mid-Atlantic Ridge is formed due to the divergence of North American Plate and Eurasian Plate. (3) Easter Island in Southeast Pacific will move nearer to Chile because of sea floor spreading. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) □ 19. Which of the following processes will occur when a continental plate collides with an oceanic plate? (1) Folding (2) Vulcanicity (3) Metamorphism (4) Subduction A. (1), (2) and (4) B. (1), (3) and (4) C. (2), (3) and (4) D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 20. Which of the following statements about the fold shown below is/are correct?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

It is tensional force. It is a trough. It is an anticline. It is a limb. A. (4) only B. (3) and (4) only C. (1), (2) and (3) only D. (1), (3) and (4) only □

21. Which of the following features can be found in volcanic areas? (1) Crater lake (2) Geysers (3) Lava plateau (4) Hot springs A. (1), (2) and (4) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 22. Which of the following are ejected during volcanic eruption? (1) Pyroclasts (2) Sulphur gas (3) Volcanic ash (4) Lava A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 23. Which of the following features can be found along plate boundary X?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Oceanic trench Volcanic island arc Fold mountain Mid-oceanic ridge A. (1) and (2) only

B. (2) and (4) only C. (1), (2) and (3) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only □ 24. Which of the following features are formed by compressional force? (1) Normal fault (2) Overfold (3) Reverse fault (4) Horst A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only □ 25. Which of the following are correctly paired? (1) Plate tectonic Movement of oceanic plates and continental plates (2) Continental drift Spilt up of Pangaea (3) Sea-floor spreading Formation of new land (4) Subduction zone A plate is dipped into mantle under the pressure of another plate

A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1), (2) and (3) only (1), (3) and (4) only (1), (2), (3) and (4) □

26. The San Andreas Fault is formed by A. compressional force. B. tensional force. C. lateral force. D. vertical displacement of rocks. □ 27. Which of the following are the characteristics of a rift valley? (1) V-shaped (2) Flat floor (3) Steep sides (4) Formed between faults A. (1) and (3) only B. (2) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only □ 28. Which of the following comparisons about volcanoes is incorrect? Acid lava cone Basic lava cone A. B. C. D.

Eruption Slope Base Lava

Violent Steep and concave Narrow Much silica and gas

Less violent Gentle and convex Broad Little silica and gas □

29. Which of the following comparison between intrusive and extrusive vulcanicity is correct? Intrusive vulcanicity Extrusive vulcanicity (1) (2) (3) (4)

Coarse-grained rocks are formed Found at constructive plate boundary Lava is cooled within the earth crust Landforms include laccolith, dykes, sills and lava plateau A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

Fine-grained rocks are formed Found at destructive plate boundary Magma is cooled on the earth surface Landforms include volcanoes and mid-oceanic ridge

□ 30. Which of the following are correctly paired? Landform Plate boundary (1)

Easter Island

Constructive

(2) (3) (4) A. B.

C. D.

Marianas Trench San Andreas Fault Alps (3) and (4) only (1), (2) and (3) only (1), (3) and (4) only (2), (3) and (4) only

Constructive Conservative Destructive

□ 31. Which of the following do/does not affect the shape of a volcano? (1) Location of the volcano (2) Type of erupted materials (3) Viscosity of lava (4) Size of the vent A. (1) only B. (1) and (2) only C. (1) and (4) only D. (2) and (3) only □ 32. The diagram shows the cycle of forming a fold mountain. Which of the following best represents processes X, Y and Z?

X A. B. C. D.

Y

Folding Sedimentation Weathering Weathering

Z

Weathering Folding Sedimentation Folding

Sedimentation Weathering Folding Sedimentation □

33. Which of the following is correctly paired?

A. B. C. D.

P Laccolith Sill Dyke Sill

Q Batholith Batholith Sill Laccolith

R

S

Dyke Dyke Laccolith Dyke

Sill Laccolith Batholith Batholith □

34. Which of the following features run parallel to the subduction zones? (1) Mid-oceanic ridge (2) Volcanic island

(3) (4)

Fold mountain range Oceanic trench A. (2) and (4) only B. (1), (2) and (3) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □

35. Which of the following statement is incorrect? A. The youngest part of the earth crust is located at the divergent plate boundary. B. Older mid-oceanic ridges are found further away from the zone of divergence. C. The height of the Himalayas decreases due to plate movement. D. Volcanoes can be found in the central part of a plate. □ 36. Which of the following plates consist of both oceanic crust and continental crust? (1) African Plate (2) Nazca Plate (3) Pacific plate (4) Indo-Australian Plate A. (3) only B. (1) and (4) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (4) only □ 37. Which of the following comparisons best describe(s) the continental and oceanic crusts? Continental crust Oceanic crust (1) Density Less dense Denser (2) Material Silica and aluminium Silica and magnesium (3) Thickness Thicker Thinner A. (1) only B. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) □ 38. Which (1) (2) (3)

of the following comparisons are correct?

Eruption Landforms Place of occurrence A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (4) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

Vent eruption

Fissure eruption

Violent Volcano Destructive plate boundary

Less violent Lava Plateau Conservative plate boundary

□ 39. Which of the following descriptions about the Marianas Trench is incorrect? A. It is the deepest oceanic trench in the world. B. It is located in Atlantic Ocean. C. It is a zone of instability. D. It is formed by the collision of Pacific Plate, Philippine Plate and Eurasian Plate. □ 40. Which of the following statements about convection current is incorrect? A. It is formed due to the pressure in the mantle. B. It is formed in the asthenosphere. C. It flows in different directions. D. It is formed due to the decay of radioactive materials. □ 41. Which of the following statements about the features found in landform X are correct?

(1)

(2) (3) (4)

The features are formed due to the tension force between Pacific Plate and Nazca Plate. The features are formed due to the collision of Pacific Plate and South American Plate. New earth crust is formed at X. It is an oceanic trench. A. (1) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (4) only D. (1), (3) and (4) only □

42. (a) Which of the following landforms are correctly named?

P A. B. C. D.

The Andes The Rockies East Pacific Rise The Himalayas

Q The Rockies The Himalayas The Andes San Andreas Fault

R Marianas Trench Mid-Atlantic Ridge The Himalayas East Pacific Rise

S The Himalayas Marianas Trench San Andreas Fault The Andes □

(b)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

In reference to last question, which of the followings show the correct formation process for the associated landforms? P—Folding Q—Faulting R—Subduction S—Folding A. (1) and (2) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. All of the above □

43. Refer to the diagram below. Which of the following show(s) the correct direction of convection current?

A. B. C. D.

(1) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2), (3) □

44. Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The Earth is expanding in size as new crust is formed in the ocean. (2) All continental plates only consist of continental crust. (3) Conservative plate boundary gets its name because crustal rocks are neither created nor destroyed. (4) Similar rock type and age found in Brazil and South Africa proves the theory of continental drift. A. (1) and (2) only B. (3) and (4) only C. (1), (2) and (3) only D. (1), (3) and (4) only □ 45. Rocks formed by intrusive vulcanicity appear on the ground surface due to A. volcanic eruption B. erosion C. compression D. retreat of the sea □ 46. Which of the following processes can be found at plate boundaries? (1) Subduction (2) Faulting (3) Volcanic eruption (4) Sea-floor spreading A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 47. Which of the following natural hazards are common in the area shown in the diagram?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Earthquakes Landslide Tsunami Volcanic eruption A. (1) and (4) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □

48. Which of the following are factors determining number of death in a country during earthquakes? (1) Surface areas of rural and urban areas

(2) (3) (4)

Development level of a country Average age of the population Population density A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □

49. Which of the following about the ways technology helps reduce hazard damage are correct? (1) Induce small scale earthquakes to reduce accumulation of pressure and energy. (2) Introduce shock-proof building design. (3) Dig diverting canals to divert lava flow. (4) Set up advanced monitoring system. A. (1), (2) and (4) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 50. Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) Rich countries suffer less economic loss from tectonic hazards. (2) Poor countries suffer greater loss of human life from tectonic hazards. (3) Poor countries are more prone to natural hazards. (4) People in rich countries are more aware of the risk of natural hazards. A. (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only □ 51. Which of the following graphs best represents the relationship between focus of earthquake and level of damage?

A.

B.

C.

D. □

52. Which of the following about the impacts of earthquakes are correctly Cause Effect (1) (2) (3) (4)

Broken gas pipes Collapse of dam Shock wave Dead bodies A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

paired?

Fire Flooding Landslide Disease

□ 53. Which of the following arrows describing the relationship between earthquake, volcanic eruption and tsunami is/are incorrect?

A. B. C. D.

(1) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (4) only (2), (3) and (4) only □

54. Which of the following causes the greatest loss of life during volcanic eruption? A. Lava flow B. Collapse of building C. Pyroclastic flow D. Acid rain □ 55. Which of the following are negative impacts of volcanic eruption? (1) Tsunami (2) Burial of crop and people (3) Ejection of sulphur gases (4) Traffic affected by spread of volcanic ash A. (1), (2) and (4) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 56. Which of the following descriptions about volcanoes X and Y are correct?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Volcano Y is a dormant or extinct volcano. Once volcano X erupts, mudflow will be resulted. Volcano X is found at plate margin. Vegetation can be found on active volcanoes. A. (1) and (4) only B. (2) and (3) only C. (1), (2) and (3) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only □

57. Which of the following diagrams best represents the cross section of a tsunami?

A.

B.

C.

D.

□ 58. (a) Which of the following natural hazards are commonly faced by people on the Hawaiian Island? (1) Avalanche (2) Earthquake (3) Tsunami (4) Volcanic eruption A. (3) and (4) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ (b) (1) (2) (3) (4)

Following the above question, which of the following factors account for the above natural hazards? It is located over a hot spot area. Earthquakes are frequent in the Pacific region. It is located at constructive plate boundary. It is surrounded by an ocean. A. (1) and (4) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □

59. Which of the following graphs best represents the relationship between distance and speed of a tsunami?

A.

B.

C.

D. □

60. Which of the following are correctly paired? Volcanoes Location (1) (2) (3) (4)

Fujiyama Mount St. Helens Mount Mayon Mount Etna A. (1) and (2) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only

Japan The U.S.A. The Philippines Italy

Type Dormant Active Extinct Active

□ 61. Which of the following are measures taken to lessen the impacts of tsunami? (1) Pacific Tsunami Warning System (2) Building of seawalls (3) Resettlement to higher ground (4) Buy insurance A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 62. Which of the following is not the way to strengthen buildings structure against earthquakes? A. Reinforced foundation B. Unrestricted height C. Shock-proof design D. Use fire-resistant materials □ 63. (a) Which of the following comparisons about the response to natural disasters are correct? More developed countries Less developed countries (1) (2) (3) (4)

Economic foundation Community Preparedness Forecast and Warning Rescue Team A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

(b)

Following the

Own emergency fund Regular drills Satellite monitoring system Well equipped and trained

International aid None Limited monitoring system Well organized

□

above question, which of the following explain(s) the difference in their response towards earthquakes? More developed countries

(1) (2) (3)

Political Stable and responsible government Economic Sufficient capital for monitoring Social Public ignorance of risk A. (2) only B. (1) and (2) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

Less developed countries Unstable and even corrupted government Little capital Greater awareness of risk

□ 64. Which of the following about the benefits of volcanic activity are correctly paired? (1) Java, Indonesia—favourable farming condition (2) Japan—flourishing tourism (3) Iceland—geothermal power (4) Hawaii—flourishing industrial development due to rich mineral A. (1) and (2) only B. (2) and (4) only C. (1), (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 65. Which of the following about the ways of landuse planning on reducing hazard damage is incorrect?

A. B. C. D.

Avoid dense settlements at high-risk areas. Large open space is left for evacuation during earthquakes. Allow buildings at the foot of active volcanoes. Coastal areas are reserved as beaches or woodland. □

66. Which of the following are hazards caused by tectonic movement? (1) Tsunami (2) Earthquake (3) Landslide (4) Volcanic eruption A. (1), (2) and (4) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 67. Which of the following statements about the measurement of an earthquake is incorrect? A. The Richter scale measures the magnitude of an earthquake. B. The Modified Mercalli scale measures the degree of damage caused by an earthquake. C. The Modified Mercalli scale is associated with the use of a seismograph. D. An earthquake measuring 8 on the Richter scale is devastating. □ 68. Which of the following are correctly paired?

X A. B. C. D.

Focus Epicentre Focus Seismic wave

Y Epicentre Focus Seismic wave Epicentre

Z Seismic wave Seismic wave Epicentre Focus □

69. ____X____ is a primary impact brought by an earthquake, and its secondary impacts include ___Y___. X Y A. B. C. D.

Collapsed buildings Distorted roads Fire Tsunami

Flooding Casualties Avalanche Fire □

70. Which of the following statements about earthquakes is incorrect? A. Most of the earthquakes are small in magnitude. B. Most of the earthquakes occur deep under the sea. C. Earthquakes cause greater loss of human life and property in rural areas than in urban areas. D. Foreshocks may give warning to a large magnitude earthquake. □ 71. Which of the following are preventive measures taken to minimize the damage brought by earthquake? (1) Education and drills (2) Rescue work (3) Landuse zoning (4) Prediction A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

□ 72. Which of the following statements about the statistics shown below are correct? Year Place Earthquake magnitude Death toll 1964 Alaska, USA 8.6 130 1976 Tangshan, China 7.8 255 000 1995 Kobe, Japan 7.2 6 000 1999 Turkey 7.4 17 000 2001 India 7.9 > 20 000 2003 Bam, Iran 6.6 41 000 (1) Earthquakes of the similar magnitude caused more death in less developed countries. (2) Death is positively related to the magnitude of earthquakes. (3) The extremely high death toll in China was caused by structure collapse. (4) Population density directly affects the number of deaths. A. (1) and (3) only B. (2) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 73. Which of the following affect the degree of damage caused in an earthquake? (1) Depth of the focus (2) Distance from the epicentre (3) Population density (4) Accuracy of prediction A. (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 74. Which of the following statements explains why tsunami occurs more frequently in Pacific Ocean than in Atlantic Ocean? A. The Circum–Pacific area is surrounded by destructive and conservative plate boundaries. B. The more developed countries along the coast of Atlantic Ocean can avoid tsunami by using advanced monitoring system. C. The size of Pacific Ocean is larger. D. There is no longer plate movement under Atlantic Ocean. □ 75. Study the diagram below and answer the following two questions.

(a)

In which of the following locations would a more violent volcanic eruption occur? A. X B. Y C. Z D. X and Z

(b)

Which of the following statements explain the difference in magnitude of volcanic eruption above?

□

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Diverging magma in Y produces less pressure. Magma in Y only flows out gently along the fissures. Violent earthquakes in Z lead to more fissures for eruption. Melting of subducted plate generates more pressure over magma. A. (1) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □

76. Which of the following are secondary hazards triggered by earthquakes? (1) Fire (2) Landslide (3) Avalanche (4) Flood A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 77. The degree of damage caused by natural hazards varies between more developed and less developed countries because of the differences in (1) public awareness (2) scientific development (3) population density (4) economic foundation (5) territory size A. (1), (2) and (4) only B. (2), (3) and (5) only C. (1), (3), (4) and (5) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 78. Which of the following matching of natural hazards is correct?

X A. B. C. D.

Flooding Tsunami Earthquake Tornado

Y Volcanic eruption Tropical cyclone Volcanic eruption Earthquake

Z Earthquake Avalanche Tsunami Tsunami □

79. Which of the following descriptions about the intensity of an earthquake is correct? (1) It refers to the damage caused by an earthquake. (2) It is measured on the Modified Mercalli scale. (3) It is measured on the Richter scale. (4) The nearer to the epicentre, the smaller is the intensity. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only

C. (1), (2) and (4) only D. (1), (3) and (4) only □ 80. Which of the following are the disastrous effects of tsunamis? (1) Destruction of coastal settlement (2) Flooding (3) Earthquake (4) Loss of human life A. (1), (2) and (4) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 81. Which of the following affects the degree of damage caused by a tsunami? (1) The magnitude of earthquake (2) The depth of earthquake focus (3) The nature of coastline (4) The population density of coastal regions A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 82. Why do the Japanese people still live in Japan despite the great risk of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes? (1) Strong sense of belonging to homelands (2) Fertile soil favours agricultural development (3) Volcanic scenery favours tourism (4) People ignore the risk of hazards A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 83. Which of the following attract people to settle in volcanic regions? (1) Geothermal power (2) Fertile soil (3) Spacious area (4) Mineral resource A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 84. Which of the following are impacts of volcanic ash? (1) Soil nutrient replenishment (2) Lower visibility (3) Pyroclastic flow (4) Mudflow A. (1), (2) and (4) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 85. ___X___ is an immediate effect after a volcanic eruption while ___Y___ is a long term effect. X Y A. People killed by lava flow Acid rain B. Crop failure Tsunami C. Acid rain Poisonous gases affect human health D. Tsunami Mudflow □ 86. Which of the following are the impacts of volcanic eruption? (1) Lava flow (2) Mudflow (3) Landslide (4) Flooding A. (1), (2) and (3) only

B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 87. Which of the following comparisons about natural hazards are correct? Climatic hazard Geological hazard A. B. C. D.

Volcanic eruption Hurricane Blizzard Tornado

Tsunami Tornado Locust Earthquake

Biological hazard Malaria Locust Volcanic eruption Locust □

88. The table below shows some figures of death during the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991. Which of the following statement is incorrect? Impact Death Disease 600 Mudflow 70 Lava flow 6 A. Most of the people died due to the direct impact of volcanic eruption. B. Disease spread because people were left homeless after the eruption. C. Secondary hazards caused the greatest loss of life. D. The small number of direct death was due to advance warning signal. □ 89. Refer to the diagram below and answer the following three questions.

(a)

Which of the following regarding types of natural hazards in Area X and Y is correct? Area X Area Y A. B. C. D.

Earthquake Tsunami No hazard Tsunami

Volcanic eruption Tsunami and earthquake Earthquake Earthquake and volcanic eruption □

(b)

(1) (2)

(3) (4)

Which of the following account for the greater damage caused in Area X? Area X is not seriously affected by tsunamis. Area X has higher population density. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are more frequent in Area X. Active farming activity in Area X leads to greater economic loss. A. (1) and (3) only B. (2) and (4) only C. (1), (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □

(c) (1) (2) (3) (4)

Which of the following are impacts of the volcanic eruption on Area Y? Burning of vegetation Loss of habitat for animals Damage to trees by acid rain Flooding of the area due to tsunami A. (1) and (4) only B. (1), (2) and (3) only C. (1), (2) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

□ 90. Which of the following descriptions about Mount St. Helens is incorrect? A. It is located within the San Andreas Fault. B. It is formed at a destructive plate boundary. C. It is an active volcano. D. It has not erupted anymore since 1985. □ 91. Which of the following best represents the characteristic of the shaded regions?

A. B. C. D.

Fold mountain belts Major zones of earthquake and volcanic eruption Destructive plate boundary Ring of Fire

□ 92. The active volcanic activity in Chile and Peru are caused by the collision of oceanic plate X and continental plate Y. Which of the following is correct? X Y A. B. C. D.

South American Plate Pacific Plate Nazca Plate Nazca Plate

Nazca Plate South American Plate Indo-Australian Plate South American Plate □

93. The countries/regions below are frequently affected by earthquakes. Which of the following are correctly paired?

(1)

Taiwan

converging of Philippine Plate and Eurasian Plate

(2) (3)

Iran San Francisco A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

converging of Eurasian Plate and Arabian Plate converging of Pacific Plate and North American Plate

□ 94. Earthquakes of great magnitude are common at plate boundaries because of (1) subduction of plates. (2) sudden release of pressure along fissure formed during collision. (3) occurrence of volcanic eruption. (4) great amount of pressure accumulates during lateral faulting. A. (1) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (3) only C. (1), (2) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only □ 95. Which of the following descriptions about the regions shown are correct?

(1)

(2) (3) (4)

Volcanic eruption is frequent in the region. San Francisco and Los Angeles are under high risk of earthquakes. Earthquake is caused by the lateral movement of Pacific Plate and North American Plate. They are located at a conservative plate boundary. A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □

96. Which of the following comparisons between East African Rift and San Andreas Fault is/are correct? East African Rift San Andreas Fault (1) (2) (3) (4)

Type Plate Boundary Associated hazard Effect

A. B.

C. D.

Normal fault Destructive Earthquakes and volcanic eruption New crust is formed

Tear fault Conservative Earthquakes Crust is being destroyed

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3) only (2), (3) and (4) only □

97. Which of the following natural hazards are caused by crustal movement in the region shown below?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Earthquake Volcanic eruption Tsunami Tornado A. (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (3) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □

98. At which of the following locations do earthquakes commonly occur?

A. B. C. D.

(1), (2) and (4) only (2), (4) and (5) only (1), (3), (4) and (5) only (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) □

99. The major earthquake zones in the world generally coincide with (1) plate boundaries. (2) continental interiors. (3) volcanic belts. (4) old fold mountain. A. (1) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (3) only C. (1), (2) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 100. Which of the following statements about the maps below are correct?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Major earthquakes and volcanic belts coincide with plate boundaries. Earthquakes occur more frequently than volcanic eruptions along the Alpine-Himalayan Belt. Earthquakes rarely strike Australia because it is located in zone of stability. Eastern Africa is a major earthquake zone because of active folding. A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □

101. Study the map below and answer the following two questions.

(a)

(1) (2) (3)

(4)

Which of the following statements are correct? Volcanic activity on the Hawaiian Islands is caused by the convergence of plates. Volcanic activity remains active because of the continuous flowing of magma from the hot spot. Eruption does not occur at Y as the location of hot spot is stationary. Older volcanoes are found at Y due to the movement of Pacific Plate in northwest direction. A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □

(b)

(1) (2)

(3) (4)

Which of the following statements about the hazards faced by the Hawaiians are correct? Volcanic eruptions are very often. Tsunami often affects Hawaii. Hawaii is usually the first place affected by tsunami when earthquakes occur in the Circum-Pacific region. Earthquake is common. A. (2) and (4) only B. (1), (2) and (3) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □

102. Which of the following are related to the frequent occurrence of earthquakes?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Continental interior Conservative plate boundary Constructive plate boundary Destructive plate boundary A. (2) and (4) only B. (3) and (4) only C. (1), (2) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only □

103. Which of the following countries are located at the earthquake zone of Pacific Ring of Fire? (1) Japan (2) Turkey (3) Indonesia (4) Mexico A. (1) and (3) only B. (1) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 104. Which of the following are earthquake and volcanic belts? (1) Mid-Atlantic Ridge (2) Alpine-Himalayan Belt (3) Circum Pacific Belt A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) □ 105. Which of the following descriptions about Iceland is incorrect? A. It is located at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. B. There is active volcanic activity. C. It is located at destructive plate boundary. D. Geothermal power is widely used. □ 106. Which of the following statements explains why volcanic eruption has ceased on Easter Island? A. It is dragged away from the zone of instability by sea floor spreading. B. It has shifted to a conservative plate boundary. C. There is only fissure eruption. D. It is an old fold mountain range. □ 107. Which of the following accounts for the few volcanic eruptions but frequent earthquakes in the Himalayan Belt? (1) No melting of subducted plates into magma (2) No oceanic plates involved (3) Collision of continental plates A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) □ 108. Which of the following diagrams best describes the movement of plates that causes frequent earthquakes in California? A.

B.

C.

D.

□ 109. Which of the following accounts for the less explosive volcanic eruptions at constructive plate boundary? (1) Basaltic lava is involved (2) Suppression of violent eruption by great water pressure (3) The fissures are small (4) Continental crust of rich silica is not involved A. (1) and (4) only B. (2) and (3) only C. (1), (2) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 110. Which of the following landform(s) is/are located at constructive plate boundaries? (1) East Pacific Rise (2) The Philippine Trench (3) The Himalayas (4) Hawaii Island A. (1) only B. (1) and (4) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) only □ 111. Which of the following comparisons between Japan and the Philippines are correct? (1) Both Japan and the Philippines are islands arcs. (2) Both Japan and the Philippines located at constructive plate boundaries. (3) Volcanic eruptions are common in both Japan and Philippines. (4) Both Japan and the Philippines are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 112. Which of the following are correctly paired? Endogenetic process Landform/Feature (1) Faulting Rift valleys (2) Instrusive vulcanicity Batholith (3) Folding Young fold mountain (4) Extrusive vulcanicity Volcano A. (1) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 113. Which of the following statements about the plate movement shown below are correct?

(1)

Earthquakes in California is caused by this faulting.

(2)

(3) (4)

This is a normal fault. Block mountains and rift valleys are formed by this faulting. This fault is caused by lateral force. A. (1) and (4) only B. (1), (2) and (3) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only □

114. Which of the following about folding is incorrect? A. This is the process which rock layers are folded up by compressional force. B. The Himalayas is formed by folding. C. Symmetrical fold is formed when compressional force on both sides are equal. D. Fold mountains can be found along the constructive plate boundaries. □ 115. Which of the following descriptions about volcanic eruption are correct? (1) Fissure eruptions are more violent than vent eruptions. (2) Lava plateau is formed by fissure eruption. (3) Global climate may be affected by violent volcanic eruption. (4) Vent eruptions are one of the examples of extrusive vulcanicity. A. (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (3) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 116. Which of the following about plates are correct? (1) Plate movements are driven by convection current in asthenosphere. (2) Most unstable areas in the world can be found along plate boundaries. (3) Continental plates are denser than oceanic plates. (4) The movement of Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Plate is an example of plate collision. A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 117. Which of the following about mid-oceanic ridge is incorrect? A. Mid-oceanic ridge is formed when two plates moving apart. B. New ocean floor is formed at mid-oceanic ridge. C. Oceanic trench can be found along mid-oceanic ridge. D. East Pacific Rise is an example of mid-oceanic ridge. □ 118. Which of the following is not correctly paired? Plate movement A. B. C. D.

Two continental plates collide Continental plate and oceanic plate converge Two oceanic plates diverge Two oceanic plates converge

Landform Block mountain Fold mountain Rift valley Volcanic island □

119. Which of the following about Japan are correct? (1) Geothermal power is the most important energy in Japan. (2) Volcanoes and hot springs in Japan hinder the development of tourism. (3) Japan is formed by volcanic islands. (4) Earthquakes may cause great economic loss in Japan. A. (1) and (3) only B. (2) and (3) only C. (2) and (4) only D. (3) and (4) only □ 120. Which of the following pairs is incorrect? Type of plate boundary A. Destructive plate boundary B. Constructive plate boundary C. Constructive plate boundary D. Conservative plate boundary

Example South American Plate and Nazca Plate Nazca Plate and Pacific Plate Eurasian Plate and Indian Plate San Andrea Fault

□ 121. Which of the following about Easter Island are correct? (1) People on Easter Island are affected by volcanic eruptions. (2) Easter Island is moving towards South America because of seafloor spreading. (3) Easter Island is located at the southeastern Pacific Ocean. (4) Easter Island is formed at destructive plate boundary. A. (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 122. Which of the following pairs are correct? Fold mountain (1) (2) (3) (4)

The Himalayas The Rockies The Andes The Alps A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

Plates involved

Eurasian Plate and Indo-Australian Plate Pacific Plate and North American Plate Nazca Plate and South American Plate Eurasian Plate and African Plate

□ 123. Which of the following factors affect the impacts of an earthquake? (1) The depth of the focus (2) Development level of a region (3) The distance to the epicentre (4) Design of buildings A. (1) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (3) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 124. Which of the following are the impacts of the natural hazard shown in the photo below?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Mudflow Acid rain Tsunamis Aftershock A. (1) and (2) only B. (2) and (4) only C. (1), (2) and (3) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only □

125. The photo below shows the natural hazard happened in Taiwan in 1999.

Which of the following statement of the photo above are correct? (1) The natural hazard was caused by the convergence of Eurasian Plate and Philippine Plate. (2) Firemen were spraying water on the building in order to prevent break out of fire. (3) Building collapsed because of an earthquake. (4) The magnitude of the earthquake was low and low casualties were caused. A. (1) and (3) only B. (2) and (3) only C. (1), (2) and (3) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only □ 126. Which of the following descriptions about Taiwan is incorrect? A. The population density of Taiwan is low because of active volcanic activity. B. Typhoon and earthquakes are natural hazards threatening Taiwan. C. There are many hot springs in Taiwan. D. Taiwan is located at destructive plate boundary. □ 127. Which of the following are reasons for people living in unstable areas? (1) Some people are not aware of the risk of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. (2) These areas are lack of mineral resources. (3) People in less developed countries are too poor to leave. (4) Farmlands near volcanic areas are fertile. A. (1) and (2)only B. (3) and (4) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only □ 128. Which of the following conditions would cause high casualties in an earthquake? (1) An earthquake occurs at mid-night. (2) An earthquake occurs at rural areas. (3) An earthquake occurs in less developed country. (4) An earthquake occurs at sea floor. A. (1) and (3) only B. (1) and (4) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (3) and (4) only □ 129. What problems do less developed countries faced when coping with earthquakes? (1) Capital is limited. (2) Educational level is low. (3) Technology level is low. (4) Corruption is common. A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 130. Which of the following about the spatial pattern of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis are correct? (1) Along plate boundaries (2) Mostly occur in less developed countries

(3) (4)

Occur in the unstable zone Mostly occur in highly populated areas A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (4) only D. (1), (3) and (4) only □

131. Which of the following is lithosphere made up of? A. lava B. magma C. solid rock D. water and gases □ 132. Why earthquakes are very active in Himalayas region? A. There are many fault lines. B. It is located at conservative plate boundary. C. It is located at destructive plate boundary. D. It is located at spreading zone. □ 133. Which of the following are the characteristics of acid lava cone? (1) viscous lava (2) gentle concave slope (3) broad base (4) steep convex slope A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (4) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (3) and (4) only □ 134. What are the possible results when two plates moving towards each other? (1) Earthquake (2) Sea trench (3) Volcanic activity (4) Faulting A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 135. Which of the following are characteristics of basic lava cone? (1) Definite crater at the top. (2) Mainly composite of volcanic ash and lava. (3) Broad base. (4) Gentle slope. A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 136. Rearrange the following stages of the formation of fold mountains in the correct order. (1) The compression of the plates causes the oceanic sedimentary materials to fold up. (2) Two continental plates converge. (3) Great compressional force is generated. (4) Strong convection current is formed by high temperature and high pressure of magma. A. (2), (1), (3), (4) B. (3), (2), (4), (1) C. (4), (2), (3), (1) D. (1), (3), (4), (2) □ 137. Why Hong Kong does not have active volcanoes and great earthquakes? (1) It is because Hong Kong is located at the centre of a large plate. (2) It is because Hong Kong is near the margin of continental plate. (3) It is because Hong Kong is far away from sea-floor spreading zone. (4) It is because Hong Kong is far away from destructive plate boundary.

A. B. C. D.

(1) and (3) only (2) and (4) only (1), (3) and (4) only (2), (3) and (4) only □

138. Which of the following accounts for the formation of mid-oceanic ridge? A. Plates moving towards each others B. Plates moving apart from each others C. Occurrence of earthquake D. Instrusive vulcanicity □ 139. Which of the following landforms does large-scale faulting cause? (1) Fold mountain (2) Caldera (3) Rift valley (4) Block mountain A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (3) and (4) only □ 140. Rearrange the following stages of the formation of fold mountains in consecutive order. (1) Sedimentary rocks are compressed (2) Sediment is accumulated at sea trench (3) Oceanic and continental plates converge (4) Uplifting of folded sedimentary rocks A. (2), (3), (1), (4) B. (1), (4), (3), (2) C. (3), (4), (2), (1) D. (4), (1), (2), (3) □ 141. Which of the following are related to frequent volcanic activities? (1) Conservative plate boundary (2) Subduction zone (3) Mid-oceanic ridge (4) Destructive plate boundary A. (1) and (2) only B. (2) and (3) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only □ 142. When continental plate collide with oceanic plate, continental plate will be (1) folded. (2) subducted into the mantle. (3) cracked. (4) metamorphed. A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 143. When volcano erupts, ____________will be ejected. (1) ash and cinder (2) magma (3) organic matter (4) lava A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (4) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (3) and (4) only □ 144. Which of the following landform are formed by compressional force? (1) Rift valley

(2) (3) (4)

Overthrust fold Fold mountain Mid-oceanic ridge A. (1) and (2) only B. (2) and (3) only C. (2) and (4) only D. (3) and (4) only □

145. Which of the following landform is formed when volcano erupts violently? A. Lava plateau B. Parasitic cone C. Caldera D. Rift valley □ 146. The most common type of the volcano which consists of alternating layers of lava and volcanic ash is called ______________. A. composite cone B. acid lava cone C. shield volcano D. ash and cinder cone □ 147. Which of the following descriptions about East African Rift Valley are correct? (1) It has numerous lakes with belt or circle shapes. (2) It belongs to the active zone of vulcanicity and earthquakes. (3) The base of the valley is flat. (4) Its shape is steep and rugged. A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 148. Which of the following are young fold mountain? (1) The Andes, South America (2) The Kunlun, China (3) The Rockies, North America (4) The Alps, Europe A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 149. Destructive plate boundary is ________________. (1) located at the margin of subduction zone. (2) an area where new crust forms. (3) an area where oceanic plate and continental plate collide. (4) an area where plates slide against each other. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (2) and (4) only □ 150. Most of the earthquakes and volcanic activities in the world occur in or near ____________. A. Circum-Pacific belt B. centre of oceanic plate C. central part of continental plate D. mid-Atlantic ridge □ 151. Which of the following is the reason explaining the joints of the rock are column in shape? A. Metamorphism B. Weathering C. Cooling down of lava D. Faulting □ 152. Which of the following natural disasters are formed by the changes of the lithosphere?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Landslide Earthquake Tsunami Volcanic eruption A. (2) and (4) only B. (1), (2) and (3) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □

153. Where do most of the earthquakes occur? A. Sea bed B. Plate boundary C. Centre of the plate D. Rural area □ 154. Earthquakes always occur (1) in faulting zone. (2) at mid-oceanic ridge. (3) at the Circum-Pacific belt. (4) at the Alpine-Himalayan belt. A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 155. Which of the following descriptions about earthquake are correct? (1) Deeper the focus, greater the magnitude (2) Deeper the focus, smaller the magnitude (3) Further from the epicentre, greater the magnitude (4) Further from the epicentre, smaller the magnitude A. (1) and (3) only B. (1) and (4) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (2) and (4) only □ 156. The damage of an earthquake depends on (1) the depth of focus. (2) the amount of energy released. (3) the distance from epicentre. (4) the population density and construction materials. A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 157. Which of the following are the direct effects of earthquake? (1) buildings collapse (2) deaths and injures (3) fire (4) communication interrupted A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 158. Which of the following are preventive measures of earthquakes? (1) Strictly control the structure and height of new constructed buildings. (2) The emergency facilities should be always in standby condition. (3) Educate the public. (4) Prepare backup electricity supply and communication facilities. A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only

D.

(1), (2), (3) and (4) □

159. What is crust? A. Whole part of lithosphere. B. Central part of the earth. C. The upper part of the mantle. D. The upper part of the core. □ 160. What is constructive plate boundary? A. A place where new crust forms. B. Subduction zone. C. A place where two continental plates collide. D. A place where two oceanic plates collide. □ 161. How is Japan formed? A. It is formed by the collision of two continental plates. B. It is formed by the collision of two oceanic plates. C. It is formed by the collision of continental plate and oceanic plate. D. It is formed by the divergence of continental plate and oceanic plate. □ 162. Which of the following are the characteristics of old fold mountain? (1) The increase in altitude of mountain is slower than the denudation rate. (2) The increase in altitude of mountain is faster than the denudation rate. (3) Old fold mountain is higher than young fold mountain. (4) Now only some remained materials are left in the old fold mountain. A. (1) and (3) only B. (1) and (4) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (3) and (4) only □ 163. Young fold mountains are mainly located at ________________. (1) inner part of plate (2) plate boundary (3) stable area (4) unstable area A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (2) and (4) only □ 164. Where are young fold mountains mainly distributed at? (1) Australia (2) Alpine-Himalayan belt (3) Africa (4) Circum-Pacific belt A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (4) only D. (3) and (4) only □ 165. Which of the following are the characteristics of young fold mountains? (1) Mountain top covers with the snow throughout the year. (2) The slope is rugged and steep. (3) The valley is broad. (4) Most of them are high mountains. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 166. Which of the following landforms are formed by faulting? (1) Rift valley (2) Block mountain (3) Fold mountain

(4)

Volcano A. (1) and (2) only B. (2) and (3) only C. (1), (2) and (4) only D. (1), (3) and (4) only □

167. Fold mountains only appear at ________________ plate boundary. A. conservative B. constructive C. passive D. destructive □ 168. Which of the following are parts of the earth’s structure? (1) Crust (2) Mantle (3) Outer core (4) Inner core A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 169. Which of the following features are related to intrusive vulcanicity? (1) Laccolith (2) Dyke (3) Sill (4) Lava flow A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 170. “Through this process, magma from mantle reach the earth’s surface” Which of the following features are related to the process above? (1) Batholith (2) Dyke (3) Volcano (4) Lava flow A. (1) and (2) only B. (3) and (4)only C. (1), (2) and (3) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only □ 171. Which type of volcano is shown below?

A. B. C. D.

Composite cone Acid lava cone Basic lava cone Ash and cinder cone □

172. Which of the following are the characteristics of sedimentary rock? (1) Fossils may be found (2) Crystallisation

(3) (4)

Formed by the cooling down of lava Layered structure A. (1) and (4) only B. (2) and (3) only C. (1), (2) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only

□ 173. Several million years ago, there were only one large piece of continent on the earth. It is called _______________. A. Gondwanaland B. Pangaea C. Laurasia D. Superlandmass □ 174. Where does crustal plate form at? A. Conservative plate boundary B. Subduction zone C. Mid-oceanic ridge D. Earthquake zone □ 175. San Andreas Fault is an example of ______________. A. transform fault B. subduction zone C. normal fault D. mid-oceanic ridge □ 176. Most of the earth's earthquake, vulcanicity and mountain building occur along A. plate boundaries. B. hot spots. C. parallels of latitude. D. random trends. □ 177. Complex mountain systems such as the Alps, Appalachians, and Himalayas are the result of A. oceanic-oceanic convergence. B. continental-continental convergence. C. oceanic-continental convergence. D. volcanic island arc collisions. □ 178. The type of plate boundary where plates move together, causing one of the slabs of lithosphere to be melted into the mantle as it descends beneath an overriding plate, is called a ____________ boundary. A. constructive B. destructive C. transform D. transitional □ 179. The type of plate boundary where plates move apart, resulting in upwelling of material from the mantle to create new sea floor is a ____________ boundary. A. conservative B. destructive C. constructive D. transform □ 180. During oceanic-continental convergence, as the oceanic plate slides beneath the overriding continental plate, a ____________ is often produced adjacent to the zone of subduction. A. ocean trench B. divergent boundary C. transform fault D. mid-oceanic ridge □ 181. The Aleutian, Mariana, and Tonga Islands are examples of A. volcanic island arcs. B. mid-ocean ridges. C. hot spots. D. transform boundaries. □ 182. Along a transform plate boundary like the San Andreas Fault, the two plates A. move apart to create a widening rift valley. B. are being melted by subduction.

C. D.

are being forced together so as to produce a mountain system. slip horizontally past each other. □

183. Which of the following is an example of a divergent plate boundary? A. San Andreas fault. B. Mid-Atlantic Ridge. C. Japanese Trench. D. Mississippi River. □ 184. The ______________ is an example of a divergent plate margin. A. East African Rift B. Japan Trench C. Himalayas D. San Andreas fault □ 185. All of the following features mark plate boundaries except the A. Red Sea. B. San Andreas Fault. C. Hawaiian Islands. D. Peru-Chile Trench. □ 186. Mid-oceanic ridges, according to the plate tectonic theory, are A. places where oceanic crust is melted. B. pull-apart zones where new oceanic crust is produced. C. locations of plate convergence. D. transform faults. □ 187. The ________________ is an example of a convergence zone between two pieces of continental crust riding on converging lithospheric plates. A. Himalaya Mountains between India and Asia B. islands of Japan C. Aleutian Islands in Alaska D. Andes Mountains in South America □ 188. The Hawaiian Islands are located on a A. subduction zone. B. spreading center. C. transform fault. D. hot spot. □ 189. At which type of plate boundaries are volcanoes least likely to form? A. Divergent boundaries. B. Convergent boundaries. C. Transform boundaries. D. Hot spots. □ 190. Which of the following about the oceanic crust is correct? A. It becomes progressively younger away from the oceanic ridges. B. It becomes progressively older away from the oceanic ridges. C. It is the same age virtually everywhere in the sea. D. It is destroyed continually and the surface area of ocean on earth is diminishing. □ 191. According to plate tectonic theory, the San Andreas fault is a A. convergence zone. B. subduction zone. C. transform fault. D. triple junction. □ 192. What force drives plate motion? A. Mantle convection. B. Tidal forces. C. Centrifugal force. D. Gravity. □ 193. The deepest parts of the sea floor occur A. furthest from continents. B. in oceanic trenches. C. in the rift valley of the mid-oceanic ridge.

D.

in submarine canyons. □

194. The youngest rocks of the ocean floors are located A. near spreading mid-oceanic ridges. B. in the trenches. C. far from spreading mid-oceanic ridges. D. at the subduction zone. □ 195. Active volcanoes are concentrated A. along zones of divergent in the lithosphere. B. along zones of convergence in the lithosphere. C. along both zones of divergence and convergence in the lithosphere. D. where the Earth's crust is very thick. □ 196. Uplift is most likely to occur in which of the following plate-tectonic settings? A. Divergent boundary at a mid-oceanic ridge. B. Subsidence of an oceanic plate. C. Hot spot of mantle plume in the interior of a continent. D. Convergent boundary where continents collide. □ 197. According to the theory of plate tectonics, most earthquakes occur A. in the middle of plates. B. at active plate boundaries. C. only at boundaries where plates move toward each other. D. only at boundaries where plates slide past each other. □ 198. San Diego, California, and Baja California are located at which plate? A. Pacific Plate B. North American Plate C. Southern California Plate D. Central American Plate □ 199. Where is the San Andreas fault located? A. Ontario, Canada B. Texas, USA C. Tokyo, Japan D. California, USA □ 200. A normal fault is formed A. when two plates slide past each other, building up tension. B. when magma pushes its way through hot spot to the surface. C. when the Atlantic Ocean shrinks to a sea again. D. when magma pushes two plates apart. □ 201. What plate is colliding with the Eurasian plate, making the Himalayas? A. African Plate B. Nazca Plate C. Juan de Fuca Plate D. Indian-Australian Plate □ 202. Continental crust is __________ than oceanic crust. A. less dense B. denser C. heavier D. thinner □ 203. What can happen when a transform fault suddenly releases its cumulated energy? A. A flood B. A tornado C. An earthquake D. A typhoon □ 204. Which of the following islands was formed as a result of volcanic activity along a mid-oceanic ridge? A. Iceland B. Japan

C. D.

Hawaii The Aleutians □

205. What happens when oceanic crust collides with continental crust? A. Compression causes both crusts to fold into mountains. B. The two lithospheric plates slide past each other. C. The lighter oceanic crust overrides the continental crust. D. The heavier oceanic crust is subducted into the earth's mantle. □ 206. Oceanic trenches are formed by A. sea-floor spreading. B. the collision of continents. C. the subduction of oceanic crust into the earth's mantle. D. the subduction of continental crust into the earth's mantle. □ 207. The major volcanic region, called the Ring of Fire, is located A. along the mid-Atlantic Ridge B. along the rift valleys of east Africa C. along the east coast of North and South America D. around the margins of the Pacific Ocean □ 208. Which of the following would you expect to find at a convergent plate margin? (1) Earthquake (2) ocean trench (3) Volcanic activity (4) Rift valley A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) □ 209. If a divergent margin formed on a continent and operated for several million years, you would expect to see formation of A. a new ocean. B. a zone of deep earthquakes. C. a mountain range. D. a volcanic island arc. □ 210. According to the theory of plate tectonics, new ocean crust is created A. along divergent plate boundaries at the mid-oceanic ridges. B. along convergent plate boundaries at the mid-oceanic ridges. C. along divergent plate boundaries at the deep ocean trenches. D. along convergent plate boundaries at the deep ocean trenches. □ 211. Which of the following statements about the Hawaiian Islands and Philippine Islands are correct? (1) Both are volcanic island arcs. (2) Both are formed at destructive plate boundary. (3) Frequent violent volcanic eruption is associated with the Philippine Islands only. (4) The Hawaiian Islands are located in the interior part of Pacific Plate. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1), (2) and (3) only C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only □