Emperor
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Emperor
Birth
Reign Period
Death
Notes
Zahiruddin Mohammed Babur
February 14, 1483
15261530
December Founder of the Mughal Dynasty. 26, 1530
Nasiruddin Mohammed Humayun
March 6, 1508
15301540
January 1556
Sher Shah Suri 1472
15401545
Deposed Humayun and led the Suri Dynasty; introduced tight, effective May 1545 administration policies that would later be adopted by Akbar.
Islam Shah Suri c.1500
15451554
1554
2nd and last ruler of the Suri Dynasty, with less control of the empire than his father; claims of sons Sikandar and Adil Shah were eliminated by Humayun's restoration.
Humayun (restored)
15551556
January 1556
Restored rule was more unified and effective than initial reign of 1530-1540; left unified empire for his son, Akbar.
October 27, 1605
Akbar added the most territory to the Empire and is regarded as the most illustrious ruler of the Mughal Dynasty; he married Jodhaa,a princess, from Rajputana like him, Jodhaa was a Hindu and many opposed at first, but under him, harmonic Muslim/Hindu relations were at their highest.
1627
Jahangir set the precedent for sons rebelling against their Emperor fathers. Opened first relations with the British East India Company. Reportedly was an alcoholic and his wife Empress Nur Jahan became the real power behind the throne and competently ruled in his place.
Jalaluddin Mohammed Akbar
Nuruddin Mohammed Jahangir
March 6, 1508
November 155614, 1542 1605
October 1569
16051627
Reign interrupted by Suri Dynasty. Youth and inexperience at ascension led to his being regarded as a less effective ruler than usurper, Sher Shah Suri.
Shahabuddin Mohammed Shah Jahan
January 5, 16271592 1658
1666
Under him, Mughal art and architecture reached their zenith; constructed the Taj Mahal, Jahangir mausoleum and Shalimar Gardens in Lahore. Deposed and imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb.
Moinuddin Mohammed
October 21, 1618
March 3, 1707
Much less extravagant or tolerant of Hinduism/Sikhism than his predecessors;
16581707
Aurangzeb Alamgir
brought the empire to its greatest physical extent and imposed Islamic Sharia on the Mughal Empire. Extreme policies left many enemies to undermine the empire after his death.
Bahadur Shah I October a.k.a Shah 14, 1643 Alaam I
17071712
February 1712
First of the Mughal emperors to preside over a steady and severe decline in the empire's control and power. During and after his reign, the emperor became a progressively insignificant figurehead.
Jahandar Shah 1664
17121713
February 1713
Furrukhsiyar
1683
17131719
1719
Rafi Ul-Darjat Unknown 1719
1719
Rafi Ud-Daulat a.k.a Shah Unknown 1719 Jahan II
1719
Nikusiyar
Unknown 1719
1743
Mohammed Ibrahim
Unknown 1720
1744
Mohammed Shah
1702
17191720, 17201748
Ahmad Shah Bahadur
1725
1748-54 1754
Alamgir II
1699
17541759
Shah Jahan III Unknown
Shah Alaam II 1728
1748
In 1717 he granted a firman to the English East India Company granting them duty free trading rights for Bengal, and confirmed their position in India.
Suffered the invasion of Nadir-Shah of Persia in 1739.
1759
Briefly 1770s in 1759
17591806
1806
Suffered the invasion of Ahmed-ShahAbdali in 1761; granted the 'Nizami' of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the BEIC in 1765, formally accepted the protection of the BEIC in 1803.
1760
18061837
1837
titular figurehead under British protection
Bahadur Shah II 1775
18371857
1862
Deposed by the British and exiled to Burma following the Great Mutiny.
Akbar Shah II
[edit] See also •
Emperor of India
•
List of Indian Monarchs
•
Charlemagne to the Mughals [hide]
v•d•e
Mughal Empire (1526 – 1857)
Emperors Babur · Humayun · Akbar · Jahangir · Shah Jahan · Aurangzeb · Lesser Mughals Events
First battle of Panipat · Second battle of Panipat · Third battle of Panipat · Battle of Haldighati
Mughal architecture · Humayun's Tomb · Agra Fort · Badshahi Mosque · Lahore Architecture Fort · Red Fort · Taj Mahal · Shalimar Gardens · Tomb of Jahangir · Bibi Ka Maqbara · See also Adversaries
Ibrahim Lodhi · Sher Shah Suri · Maharana Pratap · Hemu · Gokula · Shivaji · Guru Gobind Singh · Khushal Khan Khattak
Birth
Reign Period
Death
Notes
Zahiruddin Mohammed Babur
February 14, 1483
15261530
December Founder of the Mughal Dynasty. 26, 1530
Nasiruddin Mohammed Humayun
March 6, 1508
15301540
January 1556
Sher Shah Suri 1472
15401545
Deposed Humayun and led the Suri Dynasty; introduced tight, effective May 1545 administration policies that would later be adopted by Akbar.
Islam Shah Suri c.1500
15451554
1554
2nd and last ruler of the Suri Dynasty, with less control of the empire than his father; claims of sons Sikandar and Adil Shah were eliminated by Humayun's restoration.
Humayun (restored)
15551556
January 1556
Restored rule was more unified and effective than initial reign of 1530-1540; left unified empire for his son, Akbar.
October 27, 1605
Akbar added the most territory to the Empire and is regarded as the most illustrious ruler of the Mughal Dynasty; he married Jodhaa,a princess, from Rajputana like him, Jodhaa was a Hindu and many opposed at first, but under him, harmonic Muslim/Hindu relations were at their highest.
1627
Jahangir set the precedent for sons rebelling against their Emperor fathers. Opened first relations with the British East India Company. Reportedly was an alcoholic and his wife Empress Nur Jahan became the real power behind the throne and competently ruled in his place.
Jalaluddin Mohammed Akbar
Nuruddin Mohammed Jahangir
March 6, 1508
November 155614, 1542 1605
October 1569
16051627
Reign interrupted by Suri Dynasty. Youth and inexperience at ascension led to his being regarded as a less effective ruler than usurper, Sher Shah Suri.
Shahabuddin Mohammed Shah Jahan
January 5, 16271592 1658
1666
Under him, Mughal art and architecture reached their zenith; constructed the Taj Mahal, Jahangir mausoleum and Shalimar Gardens in Lahore. Deposed and imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb.
Moinuddin Mohammed
October 21, 1618
March 3, 1707
Much less extravagant or tolerant of Hinduism/Sikhism than his predecessors;
16581707
Aurangzeb Alamgir
brought the empire to its greatest physical extent and imposed Islamic Sharia on the Mughal Empire. Extreme policies left many enemies to undermine the empire after his death.
Bahadur Shah I October a.k.a Shah 14, 1643 Alaam I
17071712
February 1712
First of the Mughal emperors to preside over a steady and severe decline in the empire's control and power. During and after his reign, the emperor became a progressively insignificant figurehead.
Jahandar Shah 1664
17121713
February 1713
Furrukhsiyar
1683
17131719
1719
Rafi Ul-Darjat Unknown 1719
1719
Rafi Ud-Daulat a.k.a Shah Unknown 1719 Jahan II
1719
Nikusiyar
Unknown 1719
1743
Mohammed Ibrahim
Unknown 1720
1744
Mohammed Shah
1702
17191720, 17201748
Ahmad Shah Bahadur
1725
1748-54 1754
Alamgir II
1699
17541759
Shah Jahan III Unknown
Shah Alaam II 1728
1748
In 1717 he granted a firman to the English East India Company granting them duty free trading rights for Bengal, and confirmed their position in India.
Suffered the invasion of Nadir-Shah of Persia in 1739.
1759
Briefly 1770s in 1759
17591806
1806
Suffered the invasion of Ahmed-ShahAbdali in 1761; granted the 'Nizami' of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the BEIC in 1765, formally accepted the protection of the BEIC in 1803.
1760
18061837
1837
titular figurehead under British protection
Bahadur Shah II 1775
18371857
1862
Deposed by the British and exiled to Burma following the Great Mutiny.
Akbar Shah II
[edit] See also •
Emperor of India
•
List of Indian Monarchs
•
Charlemagne to the Mughals [hide]
v•d•e
Mughal Empire (1526 – 1857)
Emperors Babur · Humayun · Akbar · Jahangir · Shah Jahan · Aurangzeb · Lesser Mughals Events
First battle of Panipat · Second battle of Panipat · Third battle of Panipat · Battle of Haldighati
Mughal architecture · Humayun's Tomb · Agra Fort · Badshahi Mosque · Lahore Architecture Fort · Red Fort · Taj Mahal · Shalimar Gardens · Tomb of Jahangir · Bibi Ka Maqbara · See also Adversaries
Ibrahim Lodhi · Sher Shah Suri · Maharana Pratap · Hemu · Gokula · Shivaji · Guru Gobind Singh · Khushal Khan Khattak
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